CN108204922A - A kind of method that three-point bending standard sample crack length is determined based on strain measurement technique - Google Patents
A kind of method that three-point bending standard sample crack length is determined based on strain measurement technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及断裂力学试验裂纹长度测量技术领域，提供了一种针对三点弯曲标准试样的裂纹长度的测量方法，包括：提出了确定裂纹长度的测量方程、电阻应变计的布置方式、裂纹长度的确定方式。其中，所述测量方程可采用预制缺口试样获得；所述电阻应变计的布置方式包括布置方向与布置位置；所述裂纹长度的确定方式包括力值的测量、应变的测量、测量数据的处理方式。本发明提供了一种可确定三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的测量方法，该测量方法简单易行可靠，具备较高的测量效率，且便于实现自动化采集与监测。
The invention relates to the technical field of crack length measurement for fracture mechanics tests, and provides a method for measuring the crack length of a three-point bending standard sample, including: proposing a measurement equation for determining the crack length, the layout of the resistance strain gauge, and the crack length way of determining. Wherein, the measurement equation can be obtained by using a prefabricated notch sample; the arrangement of the resistance strain gauge includes the arrangement direction and the arrangement position; the determination of the crack length includes the measurement of the force value, the measurement of the strain, and the processing of the measurement data Way. The invention provides a measurement method capable of determining the crack length of a three-point bending standard sample. The measurement method is simple, reliable, has high measurement efficiency, and is convenient for realizing automatic collection and monitoring.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及断裂力学试验裂纹长度测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种针对三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的测量。The invention relates to the technical field of crack length measurement for fracture mechanics tests, in particular to a measurement for the crack length of a three-point bending standard sample.
背景技术Background technique
在断裂力学试验领域，针对疲劳裂纹扩展长度的测量的研究从来没有停止过。目前，有关裂纹长度测量的相对成熟的方法有目测直读法、裂纹张开位移法、电位法、超声波法、声发射法、涡流法和磁粉法等。In the field of fracture mechanics testing, research on the measurement of fatigue crack growth length has never stopped. At present, relatively mature methods for crack length measurement include visual direct reading method, crack opening displacement method, potential method, ultrasonic method, acoustic emission method, eddy current method and magnetic particle method.
本发明在此提出一种完全不同于上述测量方法的一种基于应变测量技术确定三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的方法。本发明所提及的测量方法简单易行，具备较高的测量效率，且便于实现自动化采集与监测。The present invention here proposes a method for determining the crack length of a three-point bending standard specimen based on strain measurement technology that is completely different from the above-mentioned measurement method. The measurement method mentioned in the present invention is simple and easy to implement, has high measurement efficiency, and is convenient for realizing automatic collection and monitoring.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种基于应变测量技术确定三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的方法，包括：提出了确定裂纹长度的测量方程、电阻应变计的布置方式、裂纹长度的确定方式。其中，所述测量方程可采用预制缺口试样获得；所述电阻应变计的布置方式包括布置方向与布置位置；所述裂纹长度的确定方式包括力值的测量、应变的测量、测量数据的处理方式。The invention provides a method for determining the crack length of a three-point bending standard sample based on strain measurement technology, including: proposing a measurement equation for determining the crack length, an arrangement mode of resistance strain gauges, and a determination mode for the crack length. Wherein, the measurement equation can be obtained by using a prefabricated notch sample; the arrangement of the resistance strain gauge includes the arrangement direction and the arrangement position; the determination of the crack length includes the measurement of the force value, the measurement of the strain, and the processing of the measurement data Way.
所述的测量方法针对的是用于测定断裂力学性能的三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的测量，尤其适用于疲劳裂纹扩展试验时裂纹长度的实时测量。The measurement method is aimed at the measurement of the crack length of the three-point bending standard sample used for determining the fracture mechanical properties, and is especially suitable for the real-time measurement of the crack length in the fatigue crack growth test.
所述的测量方法适用于三点弯曲标准试样，即试样的宽度W为厚度B的2倍，试样的长度L不小于试样宽度W的4.2倍，且加载时弯曲跨度S为试样宽度W的4倍。The measurement method described is applicable to three-point bending standard samples, that is, the width W of the sample is twice the thickness B , the length L of the sample is not less than 4.2 times the width W of the sample, and the bending span S during loading is 4 times the sample width W.
所述的测量方法适用于金属等各向同性材料。The measurement method described is applicable to isotropic materials such as metals.
所述的测量用电阻应变计布置在三点弯曲标准试样上，其位置需同时满足如下三个条件：（1）在开设预制缺口一侧的试样表面上；（2）在试样表面长度方向的中轴线上；（3）距离竖向加力作用平面的水平距离恰好等于试样的厚度。The measuring resistance strain gauge is arranged on the three-point bending standard sample, and its position must meet the following three conditions at the same time: (1) on the surface of the sample on the side where the prefabricated notch is opened; (2) on the surface of the sample (3) The horizontal distance from the vertical force application plane is exactly equal to the thickness of the sample.
所述的测量方程如下：The measurement equations described are as follows:
lg[εB 2 E (1–a/W)/(3F)]=K 1+K 2 a/W （1-1）lg[ εB 2 E (1– a / W )/(3 F )] = K 1 + K 2 a / W (1-1)
式中，E为试样材料的弹性模量，单位N/mm2；F为施加力值，单位N；W为试样宽度，单位mm；B为试样厚度，单位mm；ε为微应变读数；a为裂纹长度，单位mm；K 1和K 2为待定系数，是与材料有关的常数，可以通过带预制缺口的试样来确定。In the formula, E is the modulus of elasticity of the sample material, in N/ mm2 ; F is the applied force value, in N; W is the width of the sample, in mm; B is the thickness of the sample, in mm; ε is the microstrain Reading; a is the crack length, in mm; K 1 and K 2 are undetermined coefficients, which are constants related to materials, and can be determined through samples with prefabricated notches.
所述测量方程中待定系数K 1和K 2的确定方式：制作不少于两个带预制缺口的标准试样，若试样外形尺寸、弹性模量、预制缺口长度及K 1和K 2已知，通过测量施加力值F及相应的微应变读数ε，代入公式（1-1）即可求出K 1和K 2的值。 The way to determine the undetermined coefficients K1 and K2 in the measurement equation: make no less than two standard samples with prefabricated notches. It is known that by measuring the applied force value F and the corresponding micro-strain reading ε , the values of K 1 and K 2 can be obtained by substituting into the formula (1-1).
所述的裂纹长度的确定方式：对任意一款尺寸比例符合标准要求的试样，若其外形尺寸、弹性模量及K 1和K 2已知，在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中，通过测量施加力值F及相应的微应变读数ε，代入公式（1-1）即可求出任意时刻的裂纹长度值a。需要注意的是，测量时施加力值不能超过裂纹扩展时的最大疲劳载荷。The method of determining the crack length is as follows: For any sample whose size ratio meets the standard requirements , if its external dimensions, elastic modulus and K1 and K2 are known, during the fatigue crack growth process, by measuring the applied force The value F and the corresponding micro-strain reading ε can be substituted into the formula (1-1) to obtain the crack length a at any time. It should be noted that the force value applied during the measurement cannot exceed the maximum fatigue load when the crack propagates.
本发明的有益效果：该方法提出了确定裂纹长度的测量方程、电阻应变计的布置方式、裂纹长度的确定方式。其中，测量方程可采用预制缺口试样获得；电阻应变计的布置方式包括布置方向与布置位置；裂纹长度的确定方式包括力值的测量、应变的测量、测量数据的处理方式。该测量方法简单易行可靠，具备较高的测量效率，且便于实现自动化采集与监测。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the method proposes a measurement equation for determining the length of the crack, an arrangement of resistance strain gauges, and a method for determining the length of the crack. Among them, the measurement equation can be obtained by using a prefabricated notch sample; the arrangement of the resistance strain gauge includes the arrangement direction and arrangement position; the determination method of the crack length includes the measurement of the force value, the measurement of the strain, and the processing method of the measurement data. The measurement method is simple, reliable, has high measurement efficiency, and is convenient for realizing automatic collection and monitoring.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中附图标记指代的技术特征为：The technical features indicated by the reference numerals in the figure are:
1、三点弯曲标准试样，2、电阻应变计，3、疲劳扩展裂纹，4、疲劳试验机三点弯曲台支承辊，5、疲劳试验机加力辊，6、电阻应变仪，7、试样开缺口表面上长度方向中轴线，8、数据传输线，9、预制缺口。1. Three-point bending standard sample, 2. Resistance strain gauge, 3. Fatigue propagation crack, 4. Three-point bending table support roller of fatigue testing machine, 5. Stressing roller of fatigue testing machine, 6. Resistance strain gauge, 7. The central axis in the longitudinal direction on the notched surface of the sample, 8, the data transmission line, and 9, the prefabricated notch.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明解决的技术问题、采用的技术方案和达到的技术效果更加清楚，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部内容。In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown in the drawings but not all content.
图1为本发明实施例提供的结构示意图。如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的是基于应变测量技术确定三点弯曲标准试样裂纹长度的测量系统，包括：三点弯曲标准试样1、电阻应变计2、疲劳扩展裂纹3、疲劳试验机三点弯曲台支承辊4、疲劳试验机加力辊5、电阻应变仪6、试样开缺口表面长度方向中轴线7、数据传输线8、预制缺口9。其中，试样1的长度为L，宽度为W，厚度为B，且满足W=2B，L≥4.2W；试验前要在试样1的开缺口表面上预制缺口9，并在此基础上生成疲劳扩展裂纹3；在试样上表面中轴线7上距离加力作用平面距离为B的位置各布置一电阻应变计2，电阻应变计2沿着试样1的长度方向固定；用数据传输线8将电阻应变计2与电阻应变仪6连接起来；将试样1放置到疲劳试验机三点弯曲台支承辊4上，采用试验机加力辊5对试样1施加作用力F，此时电阻应变计会显示一定的微应变读数ε，根据作用力F和相应的微应变读数ε及前面所述测量方程（1-1）可以推定裂纹长度a。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement system for determining the crack length of a three-point bending standard sample based on strain measurement technology, including: a three-point bending standard sample 1, a resistance strain gauge 2, a fatigue propagation crack 3, Fatigue testing machine three-point bending table support roller 4, fatigue testing machine afterburning roller 5, resistance strain gauge 6, sample notched surface longitudinal axis 7, data transmission line 8, prefabricated notch 9. Among them, the length of sample 1 is L , the width is W , and the thickness is B , and it satisfies W = 2 B , L ≥ 4.2 W ; before the test, a notch 9 should be prefabricated on the notched surface of sample 1, and based on this Fatigue propagation cracks 3 are generated on the upper surface of the sample; a resistance strain gauge 2 is arranged at a position where the distance from the force-applying plane on the central axis 7 of the sample upper surface is B , and the resistance strain gauge 2 is fixed along the length direction of the sample 1; The transmission line 8 connects the resistance strain gauge 2 and the resistance strain gauge 6; the sample 1 is placed on the support roller 4 of the three-point bending table of the fatigue testing machine, and the force F is applied to the sample 1 by the force roller 5 of the testing machine. When the resistance strain gauge will display a certain micro-strain reading ε , the crack length a can be estimated according to the force F and the corresponding micro-strain reading ε and the measurement equation (1-1) mentioned above.
下面以工程中常用45钢为例，详细说明具体实施方式如下：Taking 45 steel commonly used in engineering as an example, the specific implementation method is described in detail as follows:
第一步：预制试样。试样尺寸比例要满足W=2B，L≥4.2W。采用机械加工方式预设缺口。可根据测试要求确定试样数量。但至少选取两件用来确定系数K 1和K 2，且要求这两件试样的预制缺口深度a 1和a 2不相等。Step 1: Prefabricated samples. The sample size ratio should satisfy W = 2 B , L ≥ 4.2 W . The gap is preset by machining. The number of samples can be determined according to the test requirements. However, at least two samples are selected to determine the coefficients K 1 and K 2 , and the prefabricated notch depths a 1 and a 2 of the two samples are required to be unequal.
第二步：布置电阻应变计。在试样开设缺口的表面上画出长度方向的中轴线，并在中轴线上标记出距离竖向加力作用平面的水平距离恰好等于试样厚度的两个位置。在标记位置处沿着试样长度方向粘贴电阻应变计，用数据传输线将电阻应变计与电阻应变仪连接起来。Step 2: Arrange the resistance strain gauge. Draw the central axis in the longitudinal direction on the notched surface of the sample, and mark two positions on the central axis whose horizontal distance from the vertical force application plane is exactly equal to the thickness of the sample. Paste the resistance strain gauge along the length of the sample at the marked position, and connect the resistance strain gauge to the resistance strain gauge with a data transmission line.
第三步：确定测量方程待定系数K 1和K 2。将试样依据规定要求放置到试验机的三点弯曲台上，采用试验机加力辊对试样加载，加载时要确保试样处于弹性状态，记录力值与相应的微应变读数，将测量结果代入公式（1-1），若已知试样尺寸和弹性模量，即可求出K 1、K 2。本实施例（45钢）获得测量方程如下：Step 3: Determine the undetermined coefficients K 1 and K 2 of the measurement equation. Place the sample on the three-point bending table of the testing machine according to the specified requirements, and load the sample with the force roller of the testing machine. When loading, ensure that the sample is in an elastic state, record the force value and the corresponding micro-strain reading, and measure Substitute the result into formula (1-1), if the sample size and elastic modulus are known, K 1 and K 2 can be calculated. The present embodiment (45 steel) obtains measurement equation as follows:
lg[εB 2 E (1–a/W)/(3F)]=5.99201+2.13831a/W （1-2）lg[ εB 2 E (1– a / W )/(3 F )]=5.99201+2.13831 a / W (1-2)
第四步：裂纹长度的测量。将加工好的待测试样（可不同于用来确定待定系数K 1和K 2的试样）按照第二步要求布置好电阻应变计，测量其尺寸，然后将其放置到疲劳试验机的三点弯曲台支承辊上，启动疲劳试验机施加疲劳载荷使得裂纹缓慢扩展。在裂纹扩展过程中，记录任意时刻的力值和相应的微应变读数，在试样尺寸和弹性模量已知的情况下，代入公式（1-2）即可求出裂纹长度a。Step 4: Measurement of crack length. Place the processed sample to be tested (which may be different from the sample used to determine the undetermined coefficients K1 and K2 ) according to the requirements of the second step to arrange the resistance strain gauge, measure its size , and then place it in the fatigue testing machine. On the back-up roll of the three-point bending table, the fatigue testing machine was started to apply the fatigue load to make the crack grow slowly. During the crack growth process, record the force value and the corresponding micro-strain reading at any time. When the sample size and elastic modulus are known, the crack length a can be obtained by substituting into the formula (1-2).
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: Modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacement of some or all of the technical features thereof, do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method that three-point bending standard sample crack length is determined based on strain measurement technique, which is characterized in that including Following steps：a）Prefabricated sample：Notch, the width of the sample are preset using mechanical processing modeWFor thicknessB2 times, the length of sample DegreeLNot less than specimen widthW4.2 times, and load when be bent spanSFor specimen widthW4 times；b）Arrange strain ga(u)ge：The central axes that length direction is drawn on the surface of notch are opened up in sample, and on central axes The horizontal distance for marking the vertical reinforcing action plane of distance is exactly equal to two positions of sample thickness；On marked locations edge Specimen length direction adhering resistance strain gauge, is connected strain ga(u)ge and resistance strain gauge with data line, electricity Microstrain reading is read on resistance deformeter to be denoted asε；c）It determines to measure equation undetermined coefficientK 1WithK 2：Two pieces is at least chosen to be used for determining coefficientK 1WithK 2, and this two pieces is required to try The prefabricated notch depth of samplea 1Witha 2It is unequal；Sample is placed on the three-point bending platform of testing machine, using testing machine loading roller Sample is loaded, records force value F and corresponding microstrain readingε, measurement result is substituted into formula（1-1）：lg[εB 2 E (1–a/W)/(3F)]=K 1+K 2 a/W （1-1）In formula,EElasticity modulus for sample material；FTo apply force value；WFor specimen width；BFor sample thickness；εFor microstrain Reading；aFor crack length；K 1WithK 2For undetermined coefficient；According to specimen size and elasticity modulus, you can be obtainedK 1、K 2；d）The measurement of crack length：By the sample to be tested processed by step b）Requirement arrange strain ga(u)ge, measurement is treated Then sample to be tested is placed on the three-point bending platform backing roll of fatigue tester by test specimens size, start fatigue tester Apply fatigue load and cause slowly growing crack；In crack propagation process, the force value for recording any time is answered with micro- accordingly Become reading, specimen size, elasticity modulus,K 1、K 2In the case of known, force value and corresponding microstrain reading are substituted into formula （1-1）Crack length can be obtaineda。
- 2. a kind of side that three-point bending standard sample crack length is determined based on strain measurement technique according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that this method is suitable for isotropic material.
- 3. a kind of side that three-point bending standard sample crack length is determined based on strain measurement technique according to claim 1 Method, which is characterized in that this method is suitable for metal.
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| CN114441337A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A method for detecting the opening displacement of crack tip in metal fracture toughness |
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| CN115598044A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-01-13 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司（Cn） | Hydrogen induced cracking on-line monitoring method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN114544351A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method and device for detecting fracture toughness of epoxy material |
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