CN108140710A - 金属糊料和热电模块 - Google Patents
金属糊料和热电模块 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108140710A CN108140710A CN201680060308.2A CN201680060308A CN108140710A CN 108140710 A CN108140710 A CN 108140710A CN 201680060308 A CN201680060308 A CN 201680060308A CN 108140710 A CN108140710 A CN 108140710A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- electrothermal module
- thickener
- weight
- metal thickener
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 carbon atoms Alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- UODXCYZDMHPIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N menthanol Chemical compound CC1CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 UODXCYZDMHPIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002665 PbTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.OC(O)=O SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper molybdenum Chemical compound [Cu].[Mo] WUUZKBJEUBFVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBLVXHJTZIDGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.OCCOCCO DBLVXHJTZIDGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Te] OCGWQDWYSQAFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-Menthane-1,8-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/264—Bi as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/282—Zn as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3603—Halide salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3618—Carboxylic acids or salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/81—Structural details of the junction
- H10N10/817—Structural details of the junction the junction being non-separable, e.g. being cemented, sintered or soldered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种金属糊料以及采用结合技术使用该金属糊料的热电模块,所述金属糊料包括:含有镍(Ni)的第一金属粉末;含有选自锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)、铋(Bi)和铟(In)中的至少一种的第二金属粉末;以及分散剂。
Description
技术领域
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年12月15日提交到韩国知识产权局的韩国专利申请No.10-2015-0179577和2016年10月4日提交到韩国知识产权局的韩国专利申请No.10-2016-0127765的优先权的权益,这两项申请的全部内容通过引用并入本说明书中。
本发明涉及一种具有优良的热性能和电性能以及足够的结合性能的金属糊料,以及一种采用结合技术在热电元件和电极之间使用该金属糊料的热电模块。
背景技术
如果固态材料的两端之间存在温差,则具有热依赖性的载流子(电子或空穴)的浓度产生差异,导致称为热电动势的电现象,即,热电效应。因此,热电效应是指温差与电压之间的可逆且直接的能量转换。热电效应可以分类为产生电能的热电发电,和与之相反通过电力供应引起两端之间温差的热电冷却/加热。
表现出热电效应的热电材料,即,热电半导体,由于在发电和冷却期间具有环境友好和可持续性的优点而被广泛研究。此外,由于热电材料能够直接由工业废热、车辆废热等产生电,并因此可以用于提高燃料效率或减少CO2等,所以热电材料已获得越来越多的关注。
热电模块具有作为基本单元的一对p-n热电元件,包括其中空穴移动以传递热能的p型热电元件(TE)和其中电子移动以传递热能的n型热电元件。此外,热电模块可以包括连接p型热电元件与n型热电元件的电极。
对于常规的热电模块,焊接被广泛地用于结合电极与热电元件。常规地,例如,通常使用基于Sn的焊接糊料或者基于Pb的焊接糊料来结合电极与热电元件。
然而,这样的焊接糊料由于其低熔点而在高温条件下驱动热电模块存在局限性。例如,使用基于Sn的焊接糊料结合热电元件与电极的热电模块难以在200℃以上的温度下驱动。此外,使用基于Pb的焊接糊料的热电模块难以在300℃以上的温度下驱动。
因此,需要开发具有优良的热性能和电性能的新型结合材料,以使热电模块能够在300℃以上的温度下稳定地驱动。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明提供一种具有优良的热性能和电性能以及足够的结合性能的金属糊料。
本发明还提供一种采用结合技术在热电元件和电极之间使用该金属糊料的热电模块。
技术方案
本发明提供一种金属糊料,包含:含有镍(Ni)的第一金属粉末;含有选自锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)、铋(Bi)、和铟(In)中的至少一种的第二金属粉末;以及分散剂。
本发明还提供一种热电模块,包括:包含热电半导体的多个热电元件;由金属材料构成并连接在热电元件之间的电极;以及烧结金属糊料以结合所述热电元件和电极的结合层。
下文中,将详细地描述根据本发明的具体实施方案的金属糊料和热电模块。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,可以提供一种金属糊料,包含:含有镍(Ni)的第一金属粉末;含有选自锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)、铋(Bi)、和铟(In)中的至少一种的第二金属粉末;以及分散剂。
本发明人认识到,通常用于结合电极和热电元件的焊接糊料由于其低熔点而在高温条件下驱动热电模块存在局限性,并对一种具有优良热性能和电性能的新型结合材料进行了研究,以使热电模块能够在300℃以上的温度下稳定驱动。
因此,通过实验发现包含高熔点金属粉末、低熔点金属粉末和分散剂的金属糊料可以在热电元件和电极之间赋予足够的结合性能,同时具有优良的热性能和电性能,从而完成本发明。
通常,添加粘合剂树脂以改善金属粉末的分散性,并改善焊接糊料制造过程中糊料的润湿性。此外,由于粘合剂树脂具有约350℃以上的分解温度,甚至在约350℃至450℃下的结合过程后,可以以残余碳的形式保留在结合层中。这种残余碳干扰金属颗粒之间的聚集,并最终劣化金属的烧结性能,使得结合层的结合强度和电/热性能劣化。
然而,由于一个实施方案所述的金属糊料一起使用如上所述的高熔点金属粉末和低熔点金属粉末,因此,即使不包含粘合剂树脂,该金属糊料也能展现出优良的金属粉末的分散性和优良的结合强度和电/热性能。
此外,由于所述金属糊料不包含粘合剂树脂,因此不需要进行树脂的热分解过程,从而在结合过程中提供更自由的粘合环境,特别地,即使在300℃至400℃的低温环境下也可以进行结合过程。
更具体地,一个实施方案所述的金属糊料包含含有镍(Ni)的第一金属粉末;含有选自锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)、铋(Bi)、和铟(In)中的至少一种的第二金属粉末。此外,除了镍(Ni)之外,第一金属粉末还可以包含选自铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)和银(Ag)中的至少一种。
此处,第一金属粉末是熔点为约900℃以上的高熔点金属,第二金属粉末是熔点为约500℃以下的低熔点金属。由于所述金属糊料既包含第一金属粉末也包含第二金属粉末,因此由第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末组成的金属互化物结合层可以在相对较低的温度下形成。
更具体地,由于一个实施方案所述的金属糊料既包含高熔点金属粉末也包含低熔点金属粉末,因此第二金属的流动性在温度等于或高于第二金属粉末熔点的环境下得到提高,这样显著提高了第一金属和第二金属的扩散性,从而由于金属间的反应和烧结反应(致密)促进了金属互化物的形成。通过这些过程形成的金属互化物结合层由于第一和第二金属的性质而具有高电导率和热导率,并且由于第一金属的性质而具有高耐热性,从而可以作为有效连接热电元件和电极的高温结合层。
此外,第一金属粉末的平均粒径可以为10μm以下,优选地为0.1μm至3μm,更优选地为0.3μm至3μm。此外,第二金属粉末的平均粒径可以为10μm以下,优选地为0.5μm至10μm,更优选地为1μm至10μm。
当第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的平均粒径满足上述范围时,因为可以降低金属粉末的氧化程度因此是优选的,并通过适当的比表面积改善金属互化物的形成反应和烧结度。
此外,第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末之间的重量比可以为约15:85至约90:10,优选地为约20:80至约35:65。
除第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末之外,所述金属糊料还可以包含分散剂。
在不包含粘合剂树脂的一个实施方案中,所述分散剂起到改善金属糊料中第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末在溶剂中的分散性的作用,它通过吸附在第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的表面上而存在。
所述分散剂可以是具有12至20个碳原子的脂肪酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。更具体地,可以是硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸、油酸、油胺、棕榈酸、月桂酸、月桂酸钠、和异硬脂酸。
此外,基于金属糊料的总重量,所述分散剂的含量可以为约0.1重量%至5重量%,优选地为约0.5重量%至1.5重量%。
此外,一个实施方案所述的金属糊料还可以包含沸点为150℃至350℃的溶剂。
所述溶剂赋予金属糊料润湿性,并用作承载第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的载体。特别地,由于溶剂的沸点为150℃至350℃,干燥过程和结合过程可以在低于350℃的低温下进行。
此外,所述溶剂可以包括选自醇、碳酸酯、乙酸酯、和多元醇中的至少一种,更具体地,可以为十二醇、碳酸丙烯酯、二乙二醇乙酸单乙酯、四氢糠醇、松油醇、二氢松油醇、乙二醇、甘油、十三醇、或异十三醇。
基于金属糊料的总重量,所述溶剂的含量可以为约1重量%至10重量%,优选地为约3重量%至10重量%。
一个实施方案所述的金属糊料还可以包含诱导烧结添加剂(sintering-inducingassitive)。
所述诱导烧结添加剂用于降低糊料中金属表面的氧化层,诱导合成反应的开始,协助碳基分散剂等的热分解,以诱导和促进金属互化物的形成和烧结。因此,包含诱导烧结添加剂的金属糊料即使在相同结合条件下也可以形成更致密的结合层。
此外,基于金属糊料的总重量,所述诱导烧结添加剂的含量可以为约2重量%至20重量%,优选地为约5重量%至10重量%。
同时,根据本发明的另一个实施方案,可以提供一种热电模块,包括:包含热电半导体的多个热电元件;由金属材料构成并连接在热电元件之间的电极;以及烧结金属糊料以结合所述热电元件和电极的结合层。
如上所述,通常用于结合电极和热电元件的焊接糊料由于其熔点低,而在高温条件下驱动热电模块存在局限性。然而,通过实验证实,采用结合技术使用包含低熔点金属粉末、高熔点金属粉末以及分散剂的一个实施方案的金属糊料的热电模块可以在300℃以上的高温下稳定驱动,从而完成本发明。
用于热电模块的热电元件的类型没有特别地限制。例如,可以使用基于BiTe的、基于方钴矿的、基于硅化物的、基于半哈斯勒(half-Heusler)的、基于PbTe的、基于硅的、和基于SiGe的热电半导体。
此外,用于热电模块的电极材料没有特别地限制,可以使用具有高电导率的常规用于热电模块的材料。例如,该材料可以由包括选自镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、铜-钼(Cu-Mo)、银(Ag)、金(Au)、和铂(Pt)中的至少一种的材料组成。
此外,所述热电模块在烧结一个实施方案的金属糊料时形成,并包括结合热电元件和电极的结合层。
所述结合层可以通过在热电元件和电极之间插入一个实施方案的金属糊料,然后烧结来制备。此时,所述烧结步骤可以通过本领域技术人员熟知的压力烧结法,在等于或高于第二金属粉末的熔点的温度下进行。
此外,所述结合层可以由糊料烧结过程形成的金属互化物的单相,或者金属互化物和第一金属和第二金属的混合相组成。
除了第一金属和第二金属之外,所述结合层还可以包含过渡金属粒子以改善结合性能、电性能和热性能。
此外,所述结合层的孔隙率可以为约10%以下,优选地为约5%以下。此时,孔隙率为通过诸如SEM、TEM等设备测量的相对于结合层的总面积孔隙所占有的比率。所述结合层展现出约10%以下的低孔隙率,因此,可以预期优良的机械结合强度和高温可靠性。
此外,所述结合层的结合强度可以为约1MPa以上,优选地为约10MPa以上,更优选地为约20MPa以上。此处,结合强度是使用结合测试仪(Nordson DAGE 4000)向热电装置施加剪切力使装置从电极断开时测量瞬时剪切强度。
此外,所述结合层的电阻率在50℃时可以为约70μΩ·cm以下,在300℃时可以为约80μΩ·cm以下,在400℃时可以为约90μΩ·cm以下。
此外,所述结合层的热导率在27℃时可以为约10W/m·k以上,在300℃时可以为约15W/m·k以上,在400℃时可以为约16W/m·k以上。
由于所述热电模块包括一个实施方案的金属糊料,因此可以在高温下驱动,可以展现出优良的热电性能,并可以优选地用于各个领域和各种用途中的热电冷却系统或热电粉末发电系统等。
有益效果
根据本发明,可以提供一种具有优良的热性能和电性能及足够结合性能的金属糊料,以及一种采用结合技术在热电元件和电极之间使用该金属糊料的热电模块。
附图说明
图1显示在实施例1中制备的热电模块的横截面图像。
图2显示在实施例2中制备的热电模块的横截面图像。
图3显示在比较实施例1中制备的热电模块的横截面图像。
图4显示通过EDX(能量色散X射线光谱仪)对在比较实施例1中制备的热电模块的横截面的元素分析图像。
图5显示在比较实施例2中制备的热电模块的横截面图像。
图6显示通过EDX(能量色散X射线光谱仪)对在比较实施例2中制备的热电模块的横截面的元素分析的图像。
图7显示在比较实施例3中制备的热电模块的横截面图像。
具体实施方式
下文中,将通过实施例将更详细地描述本发明。然而,提供这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,而且本发明的描述不限于这些实施例。
实施例
实施例1
(1)混合27.3重量%的Ni粉末(0.6μm),66.7重量%的Sn粉末(5-10μm),1重量%的硬脂酸钠,和5.0重量%的二氢松油醇以制备金属糊料。
(2)通过使用基于方钴矿的热电半导体作为热电材料来制备热电模块,在110℃下初步加热干燥金属糊料10分钟,在400℃下向其施加压力(15MPa)30分钟,并且结合。
(3)此时,所制备的热电模块的高温部分的基板尺寸为30*30mm,低温部分的基板尺寸为30*32mm,元件的尺寸为3*3*2mm,热电模块的总数为32对。用SEM分析所制备的热电模块的横截面,其分析图像显示在图1中。
实施例2
除了混合27.5重量%的Ni粉末(0.6μm),67.5重量%的Sn粉末(2.5μm),1重量%的油胺,和4.0重量%的二氢松油醇制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。用SEM分析所制备的热电模块的横截面,其分析图像显示在图2中。
比较实施例1
除了混合26.6重量%的Ni粉末(3μm),62.1重量%的Sn粉末(1μm),1.5重量%的乙基纤维素(粘合剂树脂),和9.8重量%的二氢松油醇制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。
用SEM分析所制备的热电模块的横截面,其分析图像显示在图3中。参照图3,比较实施例1的结合层的孔隙率约为24%,证实其具有高孔隙率。
此外,在图4中示出使用EDX(能量色散X射线光谱仪)对比较实施例1的热电模块的横截面的元素分析图像。参照图4,证实在比较实施例1的热电模块的孔隙附近存在大量的残余碳,导致金属烧结性能劣于实施例,因此,结合层的粘合强度和电/热性能不好。
比较实施例2
除了混合26.5重量%的Ni粉末(3μm),60.0重量%的Sn97.8Ag1.9Cu0.3粉末(2-7μm),1.5重量%的乙基纤维素(粘合剂树脂),和12重量%的二氢松油醇制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。
用SEM分析所制备的热电模块的横截面,在图5中示出它的分析图像。参照图5,证实比较实施例2的结合层展现出约41%的高孔隙率。
此外,在图6中示出使用EDX(能量色散X射线光谱仪)对比较实施例2的热电模块的横截面的元素分析图像。参照图6,与比较实施例1的情况一样,比较实施例2的热电模块由于在孔隙附近存在大量的残余碳同样显示出比实施例较差的结合层的结合强度和电/热性能。
比较实施例3
除了混合27.4重量%的Ni粉末(0.3μm),64.6重量%的Sn粉末(1μm),1.4重量%的乙基纤维素(粘合剂树脂),和6.6重量%的二氢松油醇制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。
使用SEM分析所制备的热电模块的横截面,在图7中示出它的分析图像。参照图7,比较实施例3的结合层显示出约2.6%的孔隙率,与实施例的孔隙率相近,但是通过下面描述的实验实施例证实结合层的结合强度和电/热性能比不使用粘合剂树脂的实施例差。
比较实施例4
除了混合73重量%的Ag粉末(0.3μm),10.0重量%的Sn粉末(1μm),2.6重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(粘合剂树脂),和14.4重量%的异佛尔酮制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。
使用扫描电子显微镜打印所制备的热电模块的截面照片,使用图像分析程序(Image J)通过分析粒子而测量的结合层的孔隙率约为2.4%,显示出与实施例中得到的孔隙率相近的值。然而,通过下面描述的实验实施例证实比较实施例4的结合层的结合强度比不使用粘合剂树脂的实施例的结合强度差。
比较实施例5
除了混合73重量%的Ag粉末(0.3μm),10.0重量%的Zn粉末(6-9μm),2.6重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(粘合剂树脂),和14.4重量%的异佛尔酮制备金属糊料之外,以与实施例1的相同方式制备热电模块。
实验实施例
按照下文的方法对实施例1、实施例2和比较实施例1至5中制备的热电模块的结合层电阻率、结合强度和结合层热导率进行测量,结果显示在下面表1和表2中。
(1)结合强度:在通过金属糊料将热电装置结合到基板上时,使用结合测试仪(Nordson DAGE 4000)测量向热电装置施加剪切力使所述装置从电极断开时的瞬时剪切强度。
(2)结合层的孔隙率:使用图像分析程序(Image J)通过分析粒子测量通过SEM获得的结合层的横截面图像。
(3)结合层的电阻率:将电极与具有预定标准的结合材料接触,使用电阻率测量装置(Linseis LSR-3)测量随温度变化的电阻率的值。
(4)结合层的热导率:使用激光照射具有预定标准的结合材料,使用热导率测量装置(Netzsch LFA457)分别测量热扩散率和热导率随温度的变化。
[表1]
平均粘结强度(MPa) | 孔隙率(%) | |
实施例1 | 39 | 1.8 |
实施例2 | 22 | 2.7 |
比较实施例1 | 12 | 24 |
比较实施例2 | 10 | 41 |
比较实施例3 | 18 | 2.6 |
比较实施例4 | 11 | 2.4 |
比较实施例5 | 6 | - |
[表2]
参照表1,证实由于实施例中制备的热电模块具有22MPa和39MPa的高平均结合强度,因此它们比具有12Mpa、10MPa、18MPa、11MPa和6Mpa的低结合强度的比较实施例的热电模块显示出足够的结合性能。
此外,参照表2,证实由于实施例中制备的热电模块在50℃、300℃及400℃下分别具有61μΩ·cm以下、76μΩ·cm以下和85μΩ·cm以下的低结合层电阻率,因此,它们比具有高电阻率的比较实施例的热电模块显示出良好的导电性。
此外,证实实施例的热电模块在27℃、300℃及400℃下分别具有12.4W/m·k以上、16.6W/m·k以上和17.2W/m·k以上的粘和层热导率,它们是比比较实施例的热电模块较高的热导率。
Claims (16)
1.一种金属糊料,包含:含有镍(Ni)的第一金属粉末;含有选自锡(Sn)、锌(Zn)、铋(Bi)和铟(In)中的至少一种的第二金属粉末;以及分散剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,其中,所述第一金属粉末还包含选自铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)和银(Ag)中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,其中,所述第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的平均粒径独立地为10μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,其中,所述第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末之间的重量比为15:85至90:10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,其中,所述分散剂为具有12至20个碳原子的脂肪酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。
6.根据权利要求5所述的金属糊料,其中,所述分散剂包括选自硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸、油酸、油胺、棕榈酸、月桂酸、月桂酸钠和异硬脂酸中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,其中,基于该金属糊料的总重量,所述分散剂的含量为0.1重量%至5重量%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,还包含沸点为150℃至350℃的溶剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的金属糊料,其中,所述溶剂包括选自醇、碳酸酯、乙酸酯和多元醇中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的金属糊料,还包含诱导烧结添加剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的金属糊料,其中,基于该金属糊料的总重量,所述诱导烧结添加剂的含量为2重量%至20重量%。
12.一种热电模块,包括:包含热电半导体的多个热电元件;由金属材料构成并连接在热电元件之间的电极;和烧结权利要求1所述的金属糊料以结合热电元件和电极的结合层。
13.根据权利要求12所述的热电模块,其中,所述结合层具有10%以下的孔隙率。
14.根据权利要求12所述的热电模块,其中,所述结合层具有1MPa以上的结合强度。
15.根据权利要求12所述的热电模块,其中,所述结合层的电阻率在50℃下为70μΩ·cm以下,在300℃下为80μΩ·cm以下。
16.根据权利要求12所述的热电模块,其中,所述结合层的热导率在27℃下为10W/m·k以上,在300℃下为15W/m·k以上。
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