CN108055023B - Stimulation pulse generation and control circuit for implanted pulse generator - Google Patents
Stimulation pulse generation and control circuit for implanted pulse generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN108055023B CN108055023B CN201711378519.3A CN201711378519A CN108055023B CN 108055023 B CN108055023 B CN 108055023B CN 201711378519 A CN201711378519 A CN 201711378519A CN 108055023 B CN108055023 B CN 108055023B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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Abstract
The invention provides a stimulation generation and control circuit for an implanted pulse generator, which comprises a pulse detection and control circuit, a charge pump booster circuit and a stimulation pulse generation circuit, wherein the pulse detection and control circuit comprises a charge-discharge control circuit and a pulse amplitude detection circuit; the charge-discharge control circuit is used for receiving a stimulation pulse charge command sent by the CPU and sending a charge pump control signal, the charge pump booster circuit is used for receiving the charge pump control signal and generating a charge voltage, and the stimulation pulse generation circuit is used for receiving the charge voltage and charging a charge capacitor; the pulse amplitude detection circuit is used for monitoring the voltage of the charging capacitor and feeding back a monitoring result to the discharge control circuit; the charge-discharge control circuit is also used for receiving the command sent by the CPU and controlling the stimulation pulse generating circuit to deliver stimulation. The circuit reduces the active control of the CPU in the charging process of the target capacitor, saves the continuous charging time of the target capacitor, controls accurately and reduces the energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and relates to a stimulation generation and control circuit for an implanted pulse generator.
Background
The implantable pulse generator is various, such as an implantable cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator, an implantable deep brain electrical stimulator, a spinal cord stimulator, an gastrointestinal stimulator and the like, a stimulation pulse generation and control circuit is used as a core part of the implantable pulse generator, and the cardiac pacemaker and a cerebral pacemaker are used as pulse generators which are widely applied, and represent two typical stimulation pulse generation and control circuits.
The brain pacemaker (patent CN201610453725 Boost circuit and DC-DC module, stimulation circuit and implanted medical apparatus) uses DC-DC switch power supply mode voltage doubling to generate stimulation pulse, the power consumption of the method is relatively high, the size of used inductive devices (magnetic field influence is large, nuclear magnetism is not beneficial) and mos switch tube components is relatively large, and the stimulation pulse lower than the battery voltage needs to be realized by other methods, so the stimulation pulse generation and control circuit has the defects.
One type of domestic pacemaker pulse delivery (patent CN201410690459, an application of the invention and a positive pacing pulse generating circuit of a pacemaker) adopts a mode of capacitor accumulation charging and discharging to realize generation and delivery of pacemaker pulses. When the pulse amplitude is smaller than the voltage of the battery (namely, one time of voltage), the capacitor is charged through the DAC, and after the charging is finished, the heart is discharged so as to achieve the purpose of stimulating the myocardium; when the pacing pulse is higher than the battery voltage and lower than twice the battery voltage, the capacitor charged by the DAC is connected in series with the power supply voltage to discharge to the heart so as to stimulate the myocardium; when the pacing pulse amplitude is higher than the voltage of the double-voltage battery and lower than the voltage of the triple-voltage battery, the capacitor charged by the DAC is connected in series with the capacitor charged by the power supply voltage and then connected in series with the power supply voltage to discharge the heart so as to stimulate the myocardium.
Although the principle of the method is simple, the method needs more control switches for implementation, and if the method is a dual-chamber pacemaker, the hardware circuit is quite complex; moreover, due to the lack of an accurate detection circuit and the consumption of each link in the circuit, the deviation between the actual pulse amplitude and the set pulse amplitude is relatively large; the existing pacemaker pulse generating circuit belongs to an open-loop circuit, a CPU charges a capacitor according to a fixed time, but the charging result of a target capacitor is not fed back to the CPU, certain electric quantity loss is caused due to the lack of a charging automatic detection control circuit, the utilization rate of a power supply is reduced, although the loss is very small, the pacemaker pulse generating circuit is not negligible for the heart pacemaker which is designed to have a life of more than ten years, and the CPU cannot control the charging condition of the target capacitor in real time, so that negative effects are brought to the safety design of the pacemaker.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stimulation generation and control circuit for an implanted pulse generator, which reduces the active control of a CPU (central processing unit) in the charging process of a target capacitor, saves the continuous charging time of target charging, is accurately controlled and reduces the energy consumption.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a stimulation generation and control circuit for an implanted pulse generator comprises a pulse detection and control circuit, a charge pump boosting circuit and a stimulation pulse generation circuit, wherein,
the pulse detection and control circuit comprises a charge-discharge control circuit and a pulse amplitude detection circuit;
the charge-discharge control circuit is used for receiving a stimulation pulse charging command sent by the CPU and sending a charge pump control signal, and is also used for receiving a stimulation pulse sending command sent by the CPU and controlling the stimulation pulse generating circuit to send stimulation;
the charge pump booster circuit is used for receiving a charge pump control signal sent by the charge and discharge control circuit and generating a charging voltage;
the stimulation pulse generating circuit is used for receiving the charging voltage generated by the charge pump booster circuit, charging a charging capacitor of the stimulation pulse generating circuit and also used for emitting stimulation under the control of the charging and discharging control circuit;
the pulse amplitude detection circuit is used for monitoring the voltage of the charging capacitor;
when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command, the pulse amplitude detection circuit can send a charging stop signal to the charging and discharging control circuit, and the charging and discharging control circuit receives the charging stop signal and then closes the charge pump booster circuit and cuts off the connection between the charge pump booster circuit and the stimulation pulse generation circuit.
Preferably, the charge pump boost circuit comprises a voltage doubling switch module, boosting capacitors C1 and C2, and the charging capacitors are electrically connected with the voltage doubling switch module, the boosting capacitors C2, the voltage doubling switch module, the boosting capacitors C1 and the voltage doubling switch module in sequence; the first voltage doubling switch module, the second voltage doubling switch module and the third voltage doubling switch module are used for switching according to a charge pump control signal sent by the charge and discharge control circuit;
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is less than one time of the battery voltage, the charge pump booster circuit firstly charges the booster capacitor C2, then part of the charge on the booster capacitor C2 is transferred to the charging capacitor through the one time voltage switch module, and when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit closes the charge pump booster circuit;
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is larger than one time of battery voltage and smaller than two times of battery voltage, the charge pump booster circuit charges the booster capacitor C2, then partial charge of the power supply voltage after being connected with the booster capacitor C2 in series is transferred to the charging capacitor through the one-time voltage switch module and the two-time voltage switch module, and when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches a set value, the charge-discharge control circuit closes the charge pump booster circuit;
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is larger than the doubled battery voltage and smaller than the tripled battery voltage, the charge pump booster circuit simultaneously charges the booster capacitor C1 and the booster capacitor C2, then the power supply voltage and the booster capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series through the voltage doubling switch module, the voltage doubling switch module and the voltage tripling switch module, and part of the charge in series is transferred to the charging capacitor; when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command, the charge and discharge control circuit closes the charge pump booster circuit.
Preferably, when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is greater than one battery voltage and less than two battery voltages, the charge pump boosting circuit simultaneously charges the boosting capacitor C1 and the boosting capacitor C2, and then transfers part of the charge in series to the charging capacitor through the one-voltage doubling switch module and the two-voltage doubling switch module.
Preferably, the pulse amplitude detection circuit comprises a voltage divider and a comparator, wherein the voltage divider is used for reducing a voltage signal input by the charging capacitor into a low-amplitude signal and inputting the low-amplitude signal into the comparator; the comparator is used for comparing the low amplitude signal with the stimulation pulse reference voltage signal, judging whether the voltage on the charging capacitor meets a pulse amplitude parameter in a stimulation pulse charging command or not, and inputting a judgment result into the charging and discharging control circuit; wherein the ratio of the low amplitude signal to the voltage of the charging capacitor is equal to the ratio of the stimulation pulse reference voltage signal to the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command.
Preferably, a hysteresis feedback loop is provided between the output of the comparator and the stimulus pulse reference voltage signal input of the comparator.
Preferably, the charge and discharge control circuit comprises a voltage doubling control module, a voltage doubling control module and a clock control module, wherein two ends of the voltage doubling control module, two ends of the voltage doubling control module and two ends of the voltage doubling control module are respectively connected with the charge control start-stop circuit and the charge pump booster circuit, and the clock control module is connected with the charge clock and is used for transmitting signals of the charge clock to the charge control start-stop circuit; the charging clock and the pulse amplitude detection circuit jointly control the clock control module and are used for transmitting the charging control start-stop signal to the charging control start-stop circuit; the voltage doubling control module is used for charging the voltage of the battery with one time, the voltage doubling control module and the voltage doubling control module are used for charging the voltage of the battery with two times together, and the voltage doubling control module, the voltage doubling control module and the voltage doubling control module are used for charging the voltage of the battery with three times.
Preferably, when the power supply is powered on, a detection signal of the pulse amplitude detection circuit starts the clock control module, and a signal of the charging clock is input into the charging control start-stop circuit; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is within one time of the battery voltage, the one-time voltage control module is started by the one-time voltage control signal so as to control the charge pump booster circuit to charge the one-time battery voltage; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is more than one time of battery voltage and less than two times of battery voltage, the one-time voltage control module is started by the one-time voltage control signal, and the two-time voltage control module is started by the two-time voltage control signal so as to control the charge pump booster circuit to charge the two times of battery voltage; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is greater than two times of the battery voltage and less than three times of the battery voltage, the one-voltage doubling control signal, the two-voltage doubling control signal and the three-voltage doubling control signal respectively control the one-voltage doubling control module, the two-voltage doubling control module and the three-voltage doubling control module to be started, so that the charge pump booster circuit is controlled to charge the three times of the battery voltage together.
Preferably, the device further comprises a quick charging circuit, the charging and discharging control circuit is used for controlling the quick charging circuit, and the quick charging circuit is used for controlling the voltage signal to bypass the stimulation pulse generating circuit by the charge pump boosting circuit to directly and quickly charge the target capacitor.
Preferably, the stimulation pulse generation circuit comprises a charge-discharge switch circuit, a target capacitor and a charge capacitor, the charge pump booster circuit is connected with the charge capacitor, the charge capacitor is connected with the organ to be stimulated through the target capacitor, the organ to be stimulated is connected with the charge-discharge control circuit, and the charge-discharge control circuit is used for controlling the stimulation pulse generation circuit to discharge the organ to be stimulated under the control of the pulse detection and control circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a stimulation generation and control circuit for an implanted pulse generator, which comprises a charge-discharge control circuit, a pulse amplitude detection circuit, a charge pump booster circuit and a stimulation pulse generation circuit. The charge and discharge control circuit controls the charge pump booster circuit to charge the stimulation pulse generating circuit, and the pulse amplitude detection circuit monitors the voltage of a charging capacitor of the stimulation pulse generating circuit (used for reflecting the voltage of a target capacitor in the stimulation pulse generating circuit) and feeds back the detection result to the charge and discharge control circuit; and when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command sent by the CPU, the charge-discharge control circuit closes the charge pump booster circuit and cuts off the connection between the charge pump booster circuit and the stimulation pulse generating circuit, and the charging process is finished. In the whole process, the CPU only needs to input pulse amplitude parameters, and does not need to control when to stop charging, so that the active participation of the CPU is reduced, the control flow is reduced, the charging process is controlled more accurately, the continuous charging time of the target capacitor is saved, and the time and energy consumption caused by the active participation of the CPU are reduced.
Furthermore, the charge pump booster circuit of the invention shares the circuit and the boosting capacitor with the one-time voltage circuit, the two-time voltage circuit and the three-time voltage circuit, compared with the prior pacemaker circuit which adopts a capacitor series connection mode for boosting, the design ensures that the circuit structure is clear and simple, and the complexity of the circuit can be obviously reduced.
Further, when the pacing pulse stimulates the muscle tissue to lose capture, the target capacitor can be quickly charged through the quick charging circuit, and the pulse is delivered again so as to ensure the capture of the muscle tissue.
The stimulation generation and control circuit of the implanted pulse generator provided by the invention has the advantages of less used components, simple structure and small size of the pulse generator, not only ensures simple production process, but also can save manpower and material resources, saves resources in society and generates better social benefits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of a stimulation generation and control circuit of an implantable pulse generator according to the present invention, in which a cardiac pacemaker is taken as an example.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse detection and control circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charge pump boost circuit.
Fig. 4-1 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the state of the charge pump boost circuit when the programmed stimulation pulse voltage amplitude is less than one times the battery voltage.
Fig. 4-2 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the state of a charge pump boost circuit when the programmed stimulation pulse voltage amplitude is less than twice the battery voltage.
Fig. 4-3 are equivalent diagrams illustrating another charge pump boost circuit state when the programmed stimulation pulse voltage amplitude is less than twice the battery voltage.
Fig. 4-4 are equivalent schematic diagrams of the state of the charge pump boost circuit when the programmed stimulation pulse voltage amplitude is less than three times the battery voltage.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse amplitude detection circuit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a charge control circuit.
Fig. 7-1 is a block diagram schematic of a stimulation pulse generation circuit showing a circuit configuration that does not require selection of a target capacitance.
Fig. 7-2 is another block diagram schematic of a stimulation pulse generation circuit suitable for use in devices requiring selection of a target capacitance.
Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a fast charging circuit.
The device comprises a charge pump booster circuit 1, a pulse detection and control circuit 2, a fast charging circuit 3, a stimulation pulse generation circuit 4, a pulse amplitude detection circuit 5, a charge and discharge control circuit 6, a voltage doubling switch module 71, a voltage doubling switch module 72, a voltage tripling switch module 73, a comparator 9, a voltage divider 10, a control module 11, a voltage doubling control module 111, a voltage doubling control module 112, a voltage tripling control module 113, a clock control module 114, a charging capacitor 12, a heart cavity control module 13, an atrium charge and discharge switch circuit 14, a ventricle charge and discharge switch circuit 15, an atrium charge and discharge capacitor 16 and an ventricle charge and discharge capacitor 17.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The stimulation pulse generation and control circuit provided by the present invention may be used in a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, spinal cord stimulator, cerebral pacemaker, vagal nerve stimulator, or other similar implantable pulse generator. The present embodiment is described by taking a cardiac pacemaker as an example, and the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description:
fig. 1 depicts an overall block diagram of a stimulation pulse generation and control circuit of a cardiac pacemaker, which is composed of a charge pump booster circuit 1, a pulse detection and control circuit 2 and a stimulation pulse generation circuit 4. The pulse detection and control circuit 2 is used as a control core of the whole circuit, and the functions comprise analyzing stimulation pulse parameter commands sent by the CPU and controlling the timing sequence of the whole stimulation pulse circuit. The CPU commands include two types: a stimulation pulse charging command and a stimulation pulse delivery command. When the pulse detection and control circuit 2 receives a stimulation pulse charging command, the pulse detection and control circuit 2 controls the charge pump booster circuit 1 to work according to pulse amplitude parameters in the stimulation pulse charging command sent by a CPU (central processing unit), a voltage signal generated by the charge pump booster circuit 1 charges a target capacitor (a ventricular charging and discharging capacitor 17 or an atrial charging capacitor 16) through a heart by a stimulation pulse generation circuit 4, the pulse detection and control circuit 2 monitors the voltage condition of the target capacitor in real time in the whole charging process, once the voltage of the target capacitor reaches a voltage value set by the CPU, the stimulation pulse generation circuit 4 feeds the result back to the pulse detection and control circuit 2, the pulse detection and control circuit 2 is informed to close the charge pump booster circuit 1, the connection between the charge pump booster circuit 1 and the stimulation pulse generation circuit 4 is cut off, and a new charging cycle is restarted until the pulse detection and control circuit 2 finds that the voltage of the target capacitor is lower than the set value (ii) a When the pulse detection and control circuit 2 receives a stimulation pulse delivery command, the stimulation pulse generation circuit 4 delivers stimulation to the heart.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the pulse detection and control circuit 2, which includes a pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 and a charge/discharge control circuit 6, wherein the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 is mainly responsible for monitoring the voltage on the charging capacitor 12 in real time, so as to realize target capacitor monitoring (i.e. monitoring the ventricular charge/discharge capacitor 17 or the atrial charge capacitor 16), and the charge/discharge control circuit 6 completes the automatic control function of the whole circuit according to the detection result transmitted from the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 and the stimulation pulse parameter command transmitted from the CPU.
The pulse detection and control circuit 2 has a decoder for analyzing commands issued by the CPU and issuing control signals.
As shown in fig. 2, the charge/discharge control circuit 6 controls the entire pulse generation and control circuit 2 according to the instruction transmitted from the CPU and the feedback from the pulse width detection circuit 5, thereby achieving the purpose of automatic circuit control. When the system is initially powered on, the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 detects that the voltage of the target capacitor is zero, the result is immediately transmitted to the charging control circuit 6, meanwhile, the charging automatic control circuit 6 starts the charge pump booster circuit 1 to charge the target capacitor through the stimulation pulse generation circuit 4 according to a stimulation pulse parameter command transmitted by the CPU, in the whole charging process, the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 monitors the voltage on the target capacitor in real time, and when the voltage of the target capacitor reaches a set pulse amplitude value, the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 transmits the result of charging completion to the charging and discharging control circuit 6; when the charge and discharge control circuit 6 receives the signal of charging completion transmitted from the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5, the charge pump booster circuit 1 and the stimulus pulse generation circuit 4 are turned off, thereby stopping the whole charging process.
Fig. 2 is one of the key points of the design of the present invention, which is the core of the pulse generating and controlling circuit, and is used as the feedback link of the stimulation pulse generating circuit 4, so that the control of the stimulation pulse generating circuit 4 forms a closed-loop design, and the pulse charging amplitude and the charging time can be accurately controlled, and the pulse generating and controlling circuit is a new automatic control concept.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a charge pump boost circuit 1, which mainly comprises a voltage doubling control module 71, a voltage doubling control module 72, a voltage tripling control module 73, and two boost capacitors C1 and C2. The charge and discharge control circuit 6 controls the working state of the charge pump booster circuit 1, and the one-voltage doubling control module 71, the two-voltage doubling control module 72 and the three-voltage doubling control module 73 automatically switch according to the control signal transmitted by the charge and discharge control circuit 6 to cooperatively control the charge pump booster circuit 1 to work and stop.
Fig. 4-1-4 are schematic diagrams of the assistant of fig. 3, in which the variation range of the pulse amplitude of the pacemaker continuously varies from one to three times (i.e., 0.1V to 8.1V), and the continuous variation of the amplitude of the stimulation pulse is described with reference to fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4-1, when the voltage amplitude of the program-controlled stimulation pulse is smaller than one voltage (e.g. 0.1V to 2.7V) times, the charge pump voltage boost circuit 1 only charges the boost capacitor C2, then transfers part of the charge on the boost capacitor C2 to the charge capacitor 12 through the one voltage-times control module 71, and when the voltage amplitude of the charge capacitor reaches a set value, the charge/discharge control circuit 6 temporarily turns off the charge pump voltage boost circuit 1; when the programmed stimulation pulse voltage amplitude is greater than one voltage and less than two times the battery voltage (e.g., 2.8V to 5.4V), two strategies can be selected: as shown in fig. 4-2, the charge pump boost circuit 1 charges the boost capacitor C2, and then transfers part of the charge of the power supply Voltage (VCC) series boost capacitor C2 to the charge capacitor 12 through the first voltage doubling control module 71 and the second voltage doubling control module 72, and when the voltage amplitude of the charge capacitor reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit 6 temporarily turns off the charge pump boost circuit 1; second strategy as shown in fig. 4-3, the charge pump boost circuit 1 charges the boost capacitor C1 and the boost capacitor C2 at the same time, and then transfers part of the serial charges to the charge capacitor 12 through the one-voltage doubling control module 71 and the two-voltage doubling control module 72, and when the charging voltage reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit 6 temporarily turns off the charge pump boost circuit 1. When the amplitude of the program-controlled stimulation pulse voltage is larger than the doubled battery voltage and smaller than the tripled battery voltage, the charge pump booster circuit 1 charges the booster capacitor C1 and the booster capacitor C2 at the same time, then the power supply voltage VCC is connected in series with the booster capacitors C1 and C2 through the voltage doubling control module 71, the voltage doubling control module 72 and the tripled voltage control module 73, part of the charge in series is transferred to the charging capacitor 12, and when the amplitude of the charging capacitor voltage reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit 6 temporarily shuts down the charge pump booster circuit 1. This allows for continuous variation of the programmed pacing amplitude from one to three times the voltage.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse amplitude detection circuit 5, consisting of a voltage divider 10 and a comparator 9, the main responsibility of which is to monitor the amplitude of the stimulation pulses. The voltage divider 10 selects resistance voltage division or capacitance voltage division (the resistance voltage division accuracy is high, the capacitance voltage division power consumption is low) according to specific requirements, and mainly aims to reduce the stimulation pulse with high amplitude to a low-amplitude signal in the same proportion, so that the working voltage range of the input signal of the comparator 9 is achieved, the same proportion reduction refers to the voltage reduction proportion of the voltage divider 10, and the voltage reduction proportion of the stimulation pulse reference voltage signal caused by the pulse detection and control circuit 2 is the same as the voltage reduction proportion of the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command; the comparator 9 is a micro-power-consumption, fast and high-sensitivity comparator 9, and mainly compares a reduced voltage stimulus pulse voltage signal with a program-controlled stimulus pulse reference voltage signal (REF, a program-controlled value of a stimulus pulse, that is, a value obtained by reducing a voltage value required by a pulse amplitude parameter in a stimulus pulse charging command according to a reduction ratio) to judge whether the voltage on the charging capacitor 12 reaches the program-controlled value of the stimulus pulse, and the comparator 9 is also provided with a hysteresis feedback loop to prevent the comparator 9 from working incorrectly due to the voltage signal jitter of the charging capacitor 12 in the charging process, thereby causing the false operation of the charging and discharging automatic control circuit.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the charge and discharge control circuit 6, which is also an important component of the automatic control in the present invention, and the component is mainly composed of a control module 11, where the control module 11 includes four parts, namely, a voltage doubling control module 111, a voltage doubling control module 112, a voltage tripling control module 113, and a clock control module 114, where the voltage doubling control module 111 is responsible for charging at one voltage doubling, the voltage doubling control module 111 and the voltage doubling control module 112 are responsible for charging at two voltage doubling together, the voltage doubling control module 111, the voltage doubling control module 112 and the voltage tripling control module 113 together form charging at three voltage doubling, and the clock control module 114 controls the entire charge and discharge control circuit 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the running clock of the whole pacemaker system serves as a charging clock, and the charging clock controls the clock control module 114 together with the signal detected by the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5. When the system is powered on, the detection signal of the pulse amplitude detection circuit 5 starts the clock control module 114, and the charging clock is input to the charging and discharging control circuit 6. When the program-controlled stimulation pulse amplitude is within a voltage doubling (battery voltage), the voltage doubling control signal turns on the voltage doubling control module 111 so as to control the charge pump booster circuit 1 to perform voltage doubling charging; when the program-controlled stimulation pulse amplitude is within the voltage doubling, the one-voltage doubling control module 111 and the voltage doubling control module 112 are turned on by the one-voltage doubling control signal and the voltage doubling control signal so as to control the charge pump booster circuit 1 to perform voltage doubling charging; when the programmed stimulation pulse amplitude is within the triple voltage, the one-voltage doubling control signal, the two-voltage doubling control signal and the three-voltage doubling control signal simultaneously control the one-voltage doubling control module 111, the two-voltage doubling control module 112 and the three-voltage doubling control module 113 to be turned on, so that the charge pump boosting circuit 1 is controlled to carry out triple voltage charging.
Fig. 7-1 is a block diagram of the stimulation pulse generating circuit 4, which shows a circuit configuration without selecting a target capacitor, and is suitable for an implantable medical device such as a spinal cord stimulator, a brain pacemaker, or the like without selecting a target capacitor. Fig. 7-1 is a diagram of a neuromuscular stimulator, in which a muscle tissue is an organ to be stimulated, and a charging/discharging capacitance of the muscle tissue is a target capacitance. The charge pump booster circuit 1 charges the charging capacitor 12, and pulse voltage values with continuous amplitude from one time to three times can be realized according to requirements; when the charging capacitor 12 is charged, the charging capacitor 12 charges the muscle tissue charging and discharging capacitor through the charging and discharging control circuit and the muscle tissue, and when the voltage of the charging capacitor 12 reaches a set value, the voltage of the muscle tissue charging and discharging capacitor also reaches the set value; the pulse detection and control circuit 2 controls the charge-discharge control circuit to be disconnected with the charge capacitor 12, and the muscle tissue charge-discharge capacitor discharges the muscle tissue through the charge-discharge control circuit according to the pacing time sequence set by the CPU, so that the purpose of stimulating the muscle is achieved.
Fig. 7-2 is another block diagram schematic diagram of the stimulation pulse generation circuit 4, suitable for devices requiring selection of a target capacitance, such as pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, and the like. The circuit mainly comprises a charging capacitor and a charging control switch module, taking an implanted pacemaker as an example, wherein the heart is a stimulation organ, specifically, according to selection, an atrium or a ventricle of the heart is the organ to be stimulated, and an atrium charging and discharging capacitor 16 or a ventricle charging and discharging capacitor 17 is a target capacitor. The charge pump booster circuit 1 charges the charging capacitor 12, and pulse voltage values with continuous amplitude from one time to three times can be realized according to requirements. The ventricular control module 13 selects either the connected ventricular or atrial channel based on the control of the atrioventricular pacing select signal. When an atrium channel is selected, the charging capacitor 12 charges the atrium charging and discharging capacitor 16 through the atrium charging and discharging switch circuit 14 and the heart, when the atrium charging and discharging capacitor 16 reaches the programmed amplitude, the pulse detection and control circuit 2 controls the atrium charging and discharging switch circuit 14 to be disconnected from the charging capacitor 12, and the atrium charging and discharging capacitor 16 discharges to the atrium through the atrium charging and discharging switch circuit 14 according to the pace-making time sequence set by the CPU, so that the aim of pacing the atrium is achieved; when a ventricular channel is selected, the charging capacitor 12 charges the ventricular charging and discharging capacitor 17 through the ventricular charging and discharging switch circuit 15 and the heart, when the ventricular charging and discharging capacitor 17 reaches the programmed amplitude, the pulse detection and control circuit 2 controls the ventricular charging and discharging switch circuit 15 to be disconnected from the charging capacitor 12, and the ventricular charging and discharging capacitor 17 discharges to the ventricle through the ventricular charging and discharging switch circuit 15 according to the pacing time sequence set by the CPU, so that the purpose of pacing the ventricle is achieved. For atrial-ventricular dual-chamber pacing, the cardiac chamber control module 13 switches between atrial and ventricular channels under the control of the atrioventricular pacing select signal, and then electrically charges and discharges the atria and ventricles as described above for the single chamber.
Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a fast charging stimulation function, which is implemented by adding a fast charging circuit 3 to fig. 1 and combining with other module circuits. When the CPU detects that the set stimulation pulse voltage loses capture to the muscle tissue, the CPU sends a stimulation pulse sending command to the pulse detection and control circuit 2, the quick charging circuit 3 controls a voltage signal to bypass the stimulation pulse generating circuit 4 by the charge pump booster circuit 1 to directly and quickly charge the target capacitor to a larger voltage value to stimulate the muscle tissue again, and therefore effective stimulation of the muscle tissue is guaranteed.
Claims (7)
1. A stimulation generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator, characterized by comprising a pulse detection and control circuit (2), a charge pump booster circuit (1) and a stimulation pulse generation circuit (4), wherein,
the pulse detection and control circuit (2) comprises a charge-discharge control circuit (6) and a pulse amplitude detection circuit (5);
the charge and discharge control circuit (6) is used for receiving a stimulation pulse charging command sent by the CPU and sending out a charge pump control signal, and is also used for receiving a stimulation pulse sending command sent by the CPU and controlling the stimulation pulse generating circuit (4) to send out stimulation;
the charge pump booster circuit (1) is used for receiving a charge pump control signal sent by the charge and discharge control circuit (6) and generating a charging voltage;
the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4) is used for receiving the charging voltage generated by the charge pump booster circuit (1), charging a charging capacitor (12) of the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4), and also used for emitting stimulation under the control of the charge and discharge control circuit (6);
the pulse amplitude detection circuit (5) is used for monitoring the voltage of the charging capacitor (12);
when the voltage of the charging capacitor (12) reaches the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command, the pulse amplitude detection circuit (5) can send a charging stop signal to the charging and discharging control circuit (6), and the charging and discharging control circuit (6) closes the charge pump boosting circuit (1) and cuts off the connection between the charge pump boosting circuit (1) and the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4) after receiving the charging stop signal;
the pulse amplitude detection circuit (5) comprises a voltage divider (10) and a comparator (9), wherein the voltage divider (10) is used for reducing a voltage signal input by the charging capacitor (12) into a low-amplitude signal and inputting the low-amplitude signal into the comparator (9); the comparator (9) is used for comparing the low amplitude signal with the stimulation pulse reference voltage signal, judging whether the voltage on the charging capacitor (12) meets the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command or not, and inputting the judgment result into the charging and discharging control circuit (6); wherein the ratio of the low amplitude signal to the voltage of the charging capacitor (12) is equal to the ratio of the stimulation pulse reference voltage signal to the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command;
the charging and discharging control circuit (6) comprises a voltage doubling control module (111), a voltage doubling control module (112), a voltage tripling control module (113) and a clock control module (114), wherein two ends of the voltage doubling control module (111), the voltage doubling control module (112) and the voltage tripling control module (113) are respectively connected with a charging control start-stop circuit and a charge pump booster circuit, and the clock control module (114) is connected with a charging clock and is used for transmitting signals of the charging clock to the charging control start-stop circuit; the charging clock and the pulse amplitude detection circuit (5) jointly control the clock control module (114) and are used for transmitting the charging control start-stop signal to the charging control start-stop circuit; the one-time voltage control module (111) is used for charging one-time battery voltage, the one-time voltage control module (111) and the double voltage control module (112) are used for charging double battery voltage together, and the one-time voltage control module (111), the double voltage control module (112) and the triple voltage control module (113) are used for charging triple battery voltage.
2. The stimulus generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator according to claim 1, wherein the charge pump boost circuit (1) comprises a one-voltage doubling switch module (71), a two-voltage doubling switch module (72), a three-voltage doubling switch module (73) and boost capacitors C1, C2, the charging capacitor (12) being electrically connected with the one-voltage doubling switch module (71), the boost capacitor C2, the two-voltage doubling switch module (72), the boost capacitor C1 and the three-voltage doubling switch module (73) in sequence; the voltage doubling switch module (71), the voltage doubling switch module (72) and the voltage doubling switch module (73) are used for switching according to a charge pump control signal sent by the charge and discharge control circuit (6);
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is less than one time of the battery voltage, the charge pump booster circuit (1) firstly charges the booster capacitor C2, then part of the charge on the booster capacitor C2 is transferred to the charging capacitor (12) through the one time voltage switch module (71), and when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit (6) closes the charge pump booster circuit (1);
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is larger than one time of battery voltage and smaller than two times of battery voltage, the charge pump boosting circuit (1) charges a boosting capacitor C2, then a part of charge of the power supply voltage after being connected with the boosting capacitor C2 in series is transferred to a charging capacitor (12) through a voltage doubling switch module (71) and a voltage doubling switch module (72), and when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches a set value, the charge and discharge control circuit (6) can close the charge pump boosting circuit (1);
when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is larger than the doubled battery voltage and smaller than the tripled battery voltage, the charge pump boosting circuit (1) simultaneously charges the boosting capacitor C1 and the boosting capacitor C2, then the power voltage and the boosting capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in series through the voltage doubling switch module (71), the voltage doubling switch module (72) and the voltage tripling switch module (73), and part of the charge in series is transferred to the charging capacitor (12); when the voltage of the charging capacitor reaches the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command, the charge and discharge control circuit (6) closes the charge pump booster circuit (1).
3. The stimulus generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator according to claim 2, wherein when the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulus pulse charging command requires a voltage greater than one battery voltage and less than two battery voltages, the charge pump boost circuit (1) simultaneously charges the boost capacitor C1 and the boost capacitor C2, and then transfers part of the charge in series to the charging capacitor (12) through the one-voltage doubling switch module (71) and the two-voltage doubling switch module (72).
4. A stimulus generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a hysteresis feedback loop is provided between the output of the comparator (9) and the stimulus pulse reference voltage signal input of the comparator (9).
5. The stimulus generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator of claim 1,
when the power is on, a detection signal of the pulse amplitude detection circuit (5) starts a clock control module (114), and a signal of a charging clock is input into a charging control start-stop circuit; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is within one time of the battery voltage, the one-time voltage control module (111) is started by the one-time voltage control signal so as to control the charge pump booster circuit (1) to charge the one-time battery voltage; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is greater than one-time battery voltage and less than two-time battery voltage, the one-time voltage control signal starts the one-time voltage control module (111), and the two-time voltage control signal starts the two-time voltage control module (112) so as to control the charge pump boosting circuit (1) to charge the two-time battery voltage; when the voltage required by the pulse amplitude parameter in the stimulation pulse charging command is greater than two times of battery voltage and less than three times of battery voltage, the one-voltage doubling control signal, the two-voltage doubling control signal and the three-voltage doubling control signal respectively control the one-voltage doubling control module (111), the two-voltage doubling control module (112) and the three-voltage doubling control module (113) to be started, so that the charge pump boosting circuit (1) is controlled to charge the three times of battery voltage together.
6. The stimulation generation and control circuit for an implantable pulse generator according to claim 1, further comprising a fast charging circuit (3), wherein the charge and discharge control circuit (6) is configured to control the fast charging circuit (3), and the fast charging circuit (3) is configured to control the voltage signal to bypass the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4) by the charge pump voltage boost circuit (1) to directly and fast charge the target capacitor.
7. The stimulation generation and control circuit for the implantable pulse generator according to claim 1, wherein the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4) comprises a target capacitor and a charging capacitor, the charge pump boosting circuit (1) is connected with the charging capacitor, the charging capacitor is connected with the organ to be stimulated through the target capacitor, the organ to be stimulated is connected with the charge and discharge control circuit, and the charge and discharge control circuit is used for controlling the stimulation pulse generation circuit (4) to discharge the organ to be stimulated under the control of the pulse detection and control circuit (2).
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| CN109833563B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2023-05-16 | 深圳市科曼医疗设备有限公司 | Neuromuscular constant-current stimulation method and constant-current stimulation circuit |
| CN115454185B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2023-11-28 | 南京伟思医疗科技股份有限公司 | Amplitude-adjustable power supply control method and control system of pulse magnetic stimulator |
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| US5843136A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1998-12-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Pacing output circuitry for automatic capture threshold detection in cardiac pacing systems |
| US5964787A (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-12 | Vitatron Medical B.V. | Stimulus system with controllable switched capacitor output stage |
| WO2014052347A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Therapy delivery method and system for implantable medical devices |
| US10226197B2 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2019-03-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Pace pulse detector for an implantable medical device |
| CN203954469U (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-11-26 | 陕西秦明医学仪器股份有限公司 | A kind of cardiac pacemaker integrated circuit |
| CN104639107B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Positive pacing pulse generation circuit applied to cardiac pacemaker |
| CN104548342A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 清华大学 | Implantable electric pulse stimulation system |
| CN105879219A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-24 | 北京大学 | Multi-channel high-voltage pulse power generator for transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| CN105896984B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2018-06-29 | 清华大学 | Boost circuit and DC-DC module, stimulation circuit and implantable medical devices |
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