CN107973785B - 一种用于检测银离子的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种用于检测银离子的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- UDKYMMQGPNFWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodo-2h-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(I)NN=C21 UDKYMMQGPNFWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NZCHHEFOTMKOJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K [6-[[3-carboxy-4-(3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)phenyl]carbamothioylamino]hexoxy-oxidophosphoryl] [5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate Chemical compound O1C(COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OCCCCCCNC(=S)NC=2C=C(C(=CC=2)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC3=CC([O-])=CC=C32)C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1N1C=CC(=O)NC1=O NZCHHEFOTMKOJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 5
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Tributyltin chloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(CCCC)CCCC GCTFWCDSFPMHHS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethane Chemical compound CCBr RDHPKYGYEGBMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAIAXJQAQLAKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2H-1,3,5-triazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1N=CN=CN1C1=NC=NC=N1 VAIAXJQAQLAKHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- YXJOPRNXPVEHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(2H-indazol-3-yl)stannane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC)=NNC2=C1 YXJOPRNXPVEHOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
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- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于检测银离子荧光探针,同时提供其制备方法及应用。该荧光探针可快速响应并高选择性检测银离子。本发明用于检测银离子的荧光探针,其具有如式1所示的结构:本发明提供的探针可选择性与银离子反应并发生荧光发射红移。该反应不受其他金属离子的干扰,能短时间内产生荧光发射峰变化,且荧光发射峰红移的波长与银离子浓度线性相关。本发明荧光探针仅与银离子发生荧光反应,对其他金属离子均无反应,具有很好的选择性和特异性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学中荧光探针传感技术领域,涉及一种用于检测银离子的荧光探针、及其制备方法和其应用。
背景技术
金属离子含量的过高或是过低都会对生物体和环境造成严重的后果,特别是重金属都会引起动物体内细胞病变,破坏尤为严重。重金属对植物也有很大的危害,含有重金属离子的废水对农田进行浇灌和施肥,不仅使土壤受到污染,同时会进一步污染水体。荧光探针由于其对特定金属离子的高效选择性,被广泛应用于金属离子的检测。
荧光探针是指在特定的体系内,当一种物质或体系的某一物理、化学性质发生改变时荧光信号(强度或者波长)能发生相应改变的分子。荧光离子探针是荧光探针中的一种,它能够将分子/离子结合信息转换成容易被检测的荧光信号,进而获得对离子的识别功能。作为一种具有广泛应用价值的敏感检测手段,荧光离子探针具有其他分子方法如原子吸收光谱、离子选择性电极分析等传统方法无法比拟的优点,即通过荧光强度或者发射峰波长的变化可以直观体现离子的存在,且具有高的灵敏度。
基于荧光探针的银离子化学传感器成为了近年来的研究热点。如Kursunlu等提出的3,4-bis-triazole bodipy作为银离子的检测,Yuan等提出的spirobenzopyran-basedmultifunctional chemosenso作为铜离子荧光探针,Li等提出的oligothiophenederivative作为铁离子和汞离子的荧光探针,Xu等提出的quinolone derivative作为锌离子和镉离子的荧光探针等。有机荧光分子金属探针相比常规的金属离子检测手段,更省时省力,抗干扰性更强。
银离子是对人体和环境具有威胁和毒害作用的最常见的重金属之一。在铅锌矿开采、冶炼、化工、照相器材、电影工业、医药工等部门排放的工业废水中含有银离子及其络合物。银离子具有抑菌消毒消炎的特性,也被广泛运用于生产、生活、医药等方面,例如银离子洗衣机、银离子冰箱等。正因为如此广泛的运用,增加了其对环境的污染。银离子或银盐被人体吸收后会在皮肤、眼睛及粘膜沉着,产生病变,危害人体健康。因此,快速、高灵敏度、抗干扰性强的银离子的检测方法对生物医药和环境保护都至关重要。
目前有效的银离子荧光探针较少,普遍存在低选择性、低灵敏度、受其他金属离子干扰、响应慢等缺点,且多数银离子荧光探针以罗丹明类、芘类为主要结构,生产及应用过程中都具有较大的环境危害性。因此很有必要开发一种快速响应、高灵敏度、高选择性、低环境危害性性的银离子荧光探针。
发明内容
为了克服目前一些荧光探针的低选择性、低灵敏度、环境危害性,本发明提供了一种用于检测银离子的荧光探针,同时提供其制备方法及其应用。该荧光探针可快速响应并高选择性检测银离子。
本发明提供的探针可选择性与银离子反应并发生荧光发射红移。该反应不受其他金属离子的干扰,能短时间内产生荧光发射峰变化,且荧光发射峰红移的波长与银离子浓度线性相关。本发明的荧光探针在溶液显黄色荧光,与银离子反应后显示浅红色荧光。
本发明的用于检测银离子的荧光探针,其具有如式1所示的结构通式:
其中Ar1和Ar2,其特征在于具有如式2、3、4、5、6、7、8所示的结构通式:
其中R1可以是甲氧基、氟基、硝基、磺酸基。
其中R2可以是氢基、甲基、正丁基、正辛基。
本发明还提供上述荧光探针在检测银离子中的应用。
作为优选,所述的探针具有如式9所示的1H-3,4-芳基-马来酰亚胺结构。
作为优选,荧光探针作为银离子探针时,其荧光发射波长在540-600nm范围内随着银离子含量从0到2.0×10-5mol/L逐渐红移。
作为优选,所述的荧光探针作为银离子探针时,其工作介质为水或有机介质。
作为优选,所述的有机介质为甲苯、四氢呋喃、氯仿、乙醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种。
荧光探针在检测银离子中的应用。
一种如上所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其步骤包括:
(1)吲唑的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入1份的邻甲基苯胺、3份的浓盐酸和50份水,0℃下搅拌,在30分钟内滴加完1份亚硝酸钠的水溶液,滴加完毕后保持0℃继续搅拌30分钟;加入5份饱和氟硼酸钠溶液,保持0℃反应2小时,反应瓶内有大量白色重氮盐析出;将反应液在0℃下抽滤得到重氮盐,用50份冰的乙醇洗涤,干燥;
将干燥后重氮盐溶于5份氯仿加入反应瓶中,0℃下搅拌,分3批加入1份醋酸钾固体,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌4小时;反应结束后将反应液倒入50份水中,用150份二氯甲烷萃取,再用150份饱和食盐水洗涤,5份无水硫酸钠干燥,用乙酸乙酯重结晶得到吲唑;
(2)3-碘吲唑的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入1份(45mmol)吲唑和2份碘粒,用10份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解,0℃下搅拌,分3批加入4份氢氧化钾固体,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌5小时;反应完毕后向反应瓶中加入50份饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液淬灭,再将反应液倒入50份水中,用100份乙酸乙酯萃取,再用100份饱和食盐水洗涤,用5份无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析,层析液为V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=5:1,分离得到3-碘吲唑;
(3)3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入1份镁和0.05份碘粒后真空换氮,注入10份无水乙醚,室温下搅拌直到反应液褪去碘的颜色,此时注入1份溴乙烷,滴加完毕后加热回流30分钟,得到格氏试剂;向反应瓶中注入0.25份3-碘吲唑的四氢呋喃溶液,再注入1份三丁基氯化锡,加入完毕后继续搅拌至溶液变澄清;反应完毕后向反应瓶中倒入50份饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,再加5份水用50份乙酸乙酯萃取,再用300份饱和食盐水洗涤,10份无水硫酸钠干燥,用硅胶柱层析,层析液为V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=4:1,分离得3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑;
(4)1-甲基-3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入3.85g(9.8mmol)3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑,用2份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解,在0℃下加入2份60%的氢化钠,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌1小时;降温至-10℃,加入1份碘甲烷,反应1小时;反应结束后将反应液倒入50份水中,用150份乙酸乙酯萃取,再用150份饱和食盐水洗涤,5份无水硫酸钠干燥,用硅胶柱层析,层析液为V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=4:1,分离得1-甲基-3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑;
(5)3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入1.27g(3.5mmol)3-氯-4-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺,1份1-甲基-3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑,0.01份无水氯化锂,0.01份三苯基氯化钯和50份无水甲苯,然后在氮气保护下于100℃反应1.5小时,反应完毕后加入100份水,用300份乙酸乙酯萃取,再用300份饱和食盐水洗涤,10份无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析,层析液为V石油醚:V乙酸乙酯=4:1,分离得到3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺;(6)1H-3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)马来酰亚胺的合成
以质量计,向反应瓶中加入1份3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺和10份醋酸铵(加热熔化作为反应溶剂),氮气保护下于140℃反应6h,反应完毕后将反应液倒入50份水中,用150份乙酸乙酯萃取,再用150份饱和食盐水洗涤,5份无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析,层析液为V二氯甲烷:V甲醇=200:1,分离得到1H-3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)马来酰亚胺,即具有式9所述结构的荧光探针。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明荧光探针仅与银离子发生荧光反应,对其他金属离子均无反应,具有很好的选择性和特异性。
2、本发明荧光探针分子与银离子的络合常数为1:1,仪器检测限达到10-6M,灵敏度高。
3、本发明荧光探针分子结构来源于基于马来酰亚胺的药物,具有低毒性、低环境危害性的特点。
4、本发明荧光探针分子的制备工艺简单易行,不涉及危险反应,原料毒性低,反应收率高,易于规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例I-2荧光探针1与各种金属离子反应的荧光发射光谱。选取了Ag(I)、Li(I)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Hg(II)、Ni(II)、Al(III)、Fe(III)、Cr(III)等金属离子对荧光探针进行了筛选实验,在荧光探针(1.0×10-5mol/L)的四氢呋喃溶液中分别加入20μL不同的金属盐溶液(2.5×10-2mol/L)后配成荧光探针/金属离子(1:10,M:M)溶液,溶液能响应银离子后荧光红移,显粉红色,而不加金属盐溶液的空白对照以及加了其它金属盐溶液的对照溶液荧光显黄色。加入其它金属后荧光最大发射波长没有明显变化,而加入银离子后溶液的荧光发射波长从540nm红移到592nm。
图2为本发明实施例I-3荧光探针1与银离子反应的荧光变化图。采取了荧光滴定法对其进行化学计量学测定。不同浓度的银离子对荧光探针的荧光发射光谱的影响如图2所示。随着银离子浓度的增加(从0到2.0×10-5mol/L),1.0×10-5mol/L的荧光探针的四氢呋喃溶液的荧光发射峰从540nm的位置开始发生很明显的红移,并在最终达到592nm左右的荧光最大发射波长。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图并结合实施例Ⅰ对本发明作进一步详细描述。但是本发明不限于所给出的例子。
实施例I-1本发明荧光探针I的制备方法,其步骤包括:
(1)吲唑的合成
向入反应瓶中中加入21.4g(200mmol)邻甲基苯胺、50mL(600mmol)的浓盐酸和100mL水,0℃下搅拌,滴加13.8g(200mmol)亚硝酸钠的水溶液,滴加完毕后保持0℃继续搅拌30分钟;加入氟硼酸钠溶液(24.2g(200mmol)溶于100mL水中),保持0℃反应2小时,反应瓶内有大量白色重氮盐析出;将反应液在低温下抽滤得到重氮盐,用300mL冰的乙醇洗涤,干燥后得到重氮盐28.5g,收率46.1%。
将重氮盐溶于50mL氯仿加入反应瓶中,0℃下搅拌,分批加入19.8g(200mmol)醋酸钾固体,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌4小时;反应结束后将反应液倒入200mL水中,用二氯甲烷萃取(200mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤(200mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,用乙酸乙酯重结晶得到24g褐色固体(吲唑),收率73.6%,熔点:150-151℃。
(2)3-碘吲唑的合成
向反应瓶中加入5.5g(45mmol)吲唑和12.69g(100mmol)碘粒,用100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解,0℃下搅拌,分批加入11.2g(200mmol)氢氧化钾固体,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌5小时;反应完毕后向反应瓶中加入50mL饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液淬灭,再将反应液倒入200mL水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(200mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤(200mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=5:1)分离得到7.3g白色固体(3-碘吲唑),收率64.7%,熔点:144-145℃。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):11.58(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.48-7.42(m,1H),7.29-7.24(m,1H).
(3)3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑的合成
向干燥的250mL三口瓶中加入1.2g(50mmol)镁和0.2g(催化量)碘粒后真空换氮,注入50mL无水乙醚,室温下搅拌直到反应液褪去碘的颜色,此时注入4.0mL(50mmol)溴乙烷,滴加完毕后加热回流30分钟,得到格氏试剂;向反应瓶中注入50mL 3-碘吲唑(3.25g,13mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,再注入16.5g三丁基氯化锡,加入完毕后继续搅拌约1小时直到溶液变澄清;反应完毕后向反应瓶中倒入100mL饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,再加100mL水用乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤(100mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,用硅胶柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1)分离得3.85g浅黄色油状锡化物(3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑),收率76.8%。
(4)1-甲基-3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑的合成
向在100mL反应瓶中加入3.85g(9.8mmol)3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑,用50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解,在0℃下加入0.8g(20mmol)60%的氢化钠,加料完毕后恢复至室温下搅拌1小时;降温至-10℃,加入1.4g(10mmol)碘甲烷,反应1小时;反应结束后将反应液倒入200mL水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(200mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤(200mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,用硅胶柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=4:1)分离得1.76g浅黄色油状物(1-甲基-3-(三丁基锡基)吲唑),收率59.3%。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.45–7.35(m,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.14(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.14(s,3H),1.70–1.58(m,6H),1.43-1.35(m,6H),1.30–1.23(m,6H),0.92(t,J=7.5Hz,9H).
(5)3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺的合成
合成方法同实验(5),用1d(3-氯-4-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺)替换1a,得到橙色固体3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺,收率73.6%,熔点:292-293℃。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.17(s,1H),7.79(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.58-7.50(m,4H),7.47-7.37(m,3H),7.29(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.18-7.10(m,2H),6.77-6.71(m,1H),6.31(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.00(s,3H),3.90(s,3H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):169.17(1C),168.01(1C),139.33(1C),135.78(1C),133.73(1C),133.36(1C),131.98(1C),131.93(1C),127.78(2C),126.43(1C),125.47(2C),125.20(1C),123.60(1C),122.37(1C),121.13(1C),120.63(1C),120.36(1C),120.33(1C),119.83(1C),118.05(1C),110.71(1C),108.36(1C),104.60(1C),39.63(1C),34.60(1C).HRMS(ESI)m/z calcdfor C27H21N4O2 +(M+H)+433.16590,found 433.16577.
(6)1H-3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)马来酰亚胺的合成
向三口瓶中加入43mg(0.1mmol)3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)-1-苯基马来酰亚胺和2g(同时作溶剂和反应物)醋酸铵,氮气保护下于140℃反应6h,反应完毕后将反应液倒入100mL水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL×3),合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤(100mL×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩,用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷:甲醇=200:1)分离得到23mg红色固体1H-3-(1-甲基-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-吲唑-3-基)马来酰亚胺,产率66.8%,熔点:202-203℃。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.10(s,1H),7.70-7.53(m,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.48-7.36(m,2H),7.31-7.23(m,1H),7.11(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.71(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.01(s,3H),3.89(s,3H).13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):172.11(1C),171.85(1C),140.12(1C),136.73(1C),134.72(1C),134.49(1C),134.01(1C),126.04(1C),125.08(1C),123.04(1C),122.04(1C),121.92(1C),121.55(1C),121.42(1C),120.61(1C),119.69(1C),109.47(1C),108.92(1C),104.42(1C),35.46(1C),32.95(1C).HRMS(ESI)m/z calcd for C21H17N4O2 +(M+H)+357.13460,found 357.13455.
实施例I-2银离子荧光探针I与各种金属离子的光谱性质
荧光探针I的结构,其特征在于具有如式9所示的结构式:
将荧光探针I用四氢呋喃配制成1.0×10-5mol/L的母液,装在10个5mL的玻璃瓶中。将10种金属(Ag(I)、Li(I)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Hg(II)、Ni(II)、Al(III)、Fe(III)、Cr(III))的盐溶于水中,分别配成5.0×10-3mol/L的金属盐溶液。将这10个金属盐溶液分别取10μL加到这10个玻璃瓶中,使每个瓶中为金属离子终浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L测试样。超声震荡30分钟后,取测试样在450nm激发光波长下测试其荧光发射光谱,所得结果如图1所示。
该实验表明:荧光探针1对银离子具有高度的选择性和特异性。荧光探针1本身在溶液中呈浅黄色荧光,在450nm处有荧光发射峰,但随银离子的加入,该发射峰发生红移,最终发射峰红移至492nm处,溶液呈浅红色荧光。
实施例I-3荧光探针I与银离子反应产物的光谱性质。
将实施例I-1中的荧光探针I母液,分别装满10个5mL的玻璃瓶。将硝酸银配成0.5×10-3mol/L、1.0×10-3mol/L、1.5×10-3mol/L、2.0×10-3mol/L、2.5×10-3mol/L、3.0×10- 3mol/L、3.5×10-3mol/L、1.5×10-3mol/L、4.0×10-3mol/L、4.5×10-3mol/L和5.0×10-3mol/L的溶液。将这10种浓度的硝酸银溶液分别取10μL加到这10个玻璃瓶中,这10个瓶子中为摩尔比(金属离子:荧光探针)为1:10~1:1的测试样。超声震荡30分钟后,取瓶中溶液在450nm激发光波长下测试其荧光发射光谱,所得结果如图2所示。
该实验结果表明,荧光探针1与银离子反应后的荧光发射峰随银离子浓度的增加而红移;当采用终浓度1.0×10-5mol/L的荧光探针时,反应后发射峰红移的波长与0-1.0×10-5mol/L范围内的银离子浓度呈线性关系,可以用于银离子的定量检测。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有如式9所示的1H-3,4-芳基-马来酰亚胺结构的荧光探针的用途,其特征在于用于银离子的检测;
2.根据权利要求1所述荧光探针的用途,其特征在于所述荧光探针用于银离子的检测时荧光发射波长在540-600nm范围内随着银离子含量从0到2.0×10-5mol/L逐渐红移。
3.根据权利要求1所述荧光探针的用途,其特征在于所述荧光探针用于银离子的检测时工作介质为水或有机介质。
4.根据权利要求3所述荧光探针的用途,其特征在于所述有机介质为甲苯、四氢呋喃、氯仿、乙醚、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种。
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