CN107968193A - A kind of preparation method and battery of high power capacity tertiary cathode material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and battery of high power capacity tertiary cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material, this method is will to carry out first sintering after nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide and lithium salts dry mixed, with after nano-metal-oxide solid phase mixing, passing through and a spheric granules high power capacity ternary nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material being made after secondary clacining after being dried after the product pure water of first sintering；Gram volume reaches 200mAh g to the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material being prepared using the method for the present invention during 0.1C button cells under 4.3V‑1, for the capacity retention ratio that 1C multiplying powers 100 are enclosed higher than 96%, surface residual alkali is less than 0.3wt.%, and pH is less than 11.7.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material
And battery.
Background technology
Stratiform LiNiO2Theoretical capacity be 275mAh/g, actual capacity is 180~200mAh/g, and average working voltage is
3.6V, has the characteristics of self-discharge rate is low, and pollution is small and the compatibility of a variety of electrolyte is good, still, there is preparation difficulty, material
Poor reproducibility the problem of.Nickelic positive electrode is never widely used, its reason is to be difficult synthesis metering ratio
Material, phase transformation and Ni in charge and discharge process2+Occupy Li+3a positions cause cation mixing, so as to cause battery performance
Drastically decline.Nickel cobalt lithium aluminate LiNi is formed by suitable aluminium and cobalt doped0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, the discharge capacity of material
Up to 190mAh/g, has had reached application requirement in terms of the reversible specific capacity of material, security and cost, and NCA has been at present
It is widely used in Japanese South Korea etc..
The year two thousand twenty China power battery energy density will reach 260Wh/kg, and the level than current 120Wh/kg exceeds 1
Times, it is contemplated that it is expected to reach 140~150Wh/kg this year, next year or is up to 180Wh/kg, it is only nickelic reaches this requirement
NCA and NCM811 disclosure satisfy that requirement.NCA ternary materials become key, Model therein in a new generation of tesla lithium battery
The continuation of the journey of series is up to more than 300Km, and the energy density of single battery is more than 300Wh/Kg.The technology of NCA rests in state at present
In outer several enterprise's hands, the domestic R and D for NCA slightly show slow, the batch difference of material entirety, cyclicity
Can have much room for improvement, the residual lithium in surface is excessive to cause battery flatulence problem serious.Therefore the NCA materials of exploitation high power capacity seem particularly heavy
Will.
The content of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nickelic ternary lithium nickel cobalt dioxide of high power capacity just
The preparation method and lithium ion battery of pole material.The nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material that method using the present invention is prepared has
High power capacity and low surface residual alkali, have excellent circulation and volumetric properties.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material, comprises the following steps：
(1) nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide and lithium salts are subjected to dry mixed in high speed mixing equipment, the mixing that will be mixed
Thing carries out first sintering, is crushed after the completion of sintering, sieving, obtains the first burning product；
(2) the described first burning product is washed, is dry；
(3) desciccate that step (3) obtains is carried out dry method in high speed mixing equipment with nano-metal-oxide to mix
Close, the mixture mixed is carried out second calcines, and is crushed after the completion of sintering, sieving, obtains the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate of high power capacity
Tertiary cathode material.
Preferably, the speed of the dry mixed of the step (1) and (3) is 800~1000r/min, the time 10~
30min。
Preferably, the nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide is to accumulate the spherical primary particle formed, primary particle by second particle
Structural integrity, total metal content are not less than 60wt.%.
It is further preferred that the nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide is prepared by following steps：
1) it is Ni according to molar ratio by nickel, cobalt, aluminium soluble-salt：Co：Al=x：y：Z is mixed, wherein 0.80≤x ＜
0.90,0.09≤y ＜ 0.18,0.030≤z ＜ 0.055, is configured to solution；
2) sodium hydroxide is configured to the solution that concentration is 2~4mol/L；
3) ammonium hydroxide is configured to the solution of 2~4mol/L；
4) solution in step 1) is mixed with the solution in step 3), adds in reaction kettle and persistently stir；
5) the sodium hydroxide solution control rate-determining steps 4 in step 2) are used) in solution pH value 9~12, control at the same time
The temperature of reaction is 30~70 DEG C, carries out separation of solid and liquid after reaction and obtains spherical precursor nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide.
Preferably, the lithium salts be a hydronium(ion) lithia, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxalate and lithium acetate at least
One or more in one kind, more preferably a hydronium(ion) lithia, lithium carbonate and lithium oxalate, are most preferably hydronium(ion) oxidation
Lithium.
It is further preferred that nickel in lithium ion and the nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide in the lithium salts, cobalt and aluminum ions total
The molar ratio of sum is 0.9~1.10：1, more preferably 0.95~1.07：1, it is most preferably 0.99~1.06：1.
Preferably, the temperature of the first sintering is 600~900 DEG C, more preferably 650~800 DEG C；First sintering
Time for 9~30 it is small when, more preferably 10~24 it is small when.
Preferably, in step (2), product and pure water mechanical agitation certain time in a kettle are burnt by described first
Afterwards, filtered, is dry.The temperature of the washing is preferably 20~100 DEG C, more preferably 25~85 DEG C, most preferably 25~
60℃.The time of the washing is preferably 1~60 minute, more preferably 2~55 minutes, is most preferably 5~40 minutes.
Preferably, the mass ratio for washing water used and first sintering product is preferably 1~50：1, more preferably 2~
40：1, it is most preferably 3~30：1.
Preferably, in step (2), drying temperature is 100~150 DEG C, more preferably 110~145 DEG C；Drying time is
2~8 it is small when, more preferably 3~7 it is small when.
Preferably, the nano-metal-oxide is vanadium oxide nanoparticle, nano aluminium oxide, nanoflakes and cobalt hydroxide and nano oxygen
Change at least one of zirconium.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the metallic element in the nano-metal-oxide and the desciccate for 0.0001~
0.1：1, more preferably 0.001~0.09:1.
Preferably, the temperature of second of sintering is 400~900 DEG C, more preferably 450~800 DEG C；Time for 4~
20 it is small when, more preferably 5~15 it is small when.
A kind of lithium ion battery, including contain cathode, anode, membrane and electrolyte；
The positive electrode includes the nickelic nickel ternary lithium cobaltate cathode material of high power capacity that the present invention is prepared.It is described negative
The species of pole and source have no particular limits, and can use battery cathode well known to the skilled artisan in the art, tool
For body, lithium piece can be used as anode.The electrolyte has no particular limits, and those skilled in the art can be used ripe
The electrolyte prescription known.Specifically, 1mol/L LiPF can be used6EC:DMC(1:1 mass ratio), additive 1%
Wt. FEC and the LIBOB of 1%wt..The membrane that the membrane is well known to those skilled in the art, specifically, can use
Polypropylene, polyethylene diagrams.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of the nickelic nickel ternary lithium cobaltate cathode material of high power capacity, the cathode material
Material has excellent cycle performance, and the residual lithium in surface is 2000~3000ppm, and 0.1C specific discharge capacities are 198~205mAh/g,
100 circle capacity retention ratios are that 95~98%, pH is 11.0~11.7, and one time spheric granules is complete, particle diameter D50For 11~14 μm.This
Coated after being dried after invention is calcined using calcining for the first time, first time after washing, washing, calcine the cathode being prepared for the second time
Material has relatively low residual lithium and pH value, and second particle size is homogeneous, so that lithium prepared by positive electrode provided by the invention
Ion battery has excellent cycle performance, meets the index of large-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram for the positive electrode that embodiment 1 obtains；
Fig. 2 is the SEM figures of positive electrode after the washing that embodiment 1 obtains；
Fig. 3 is the grain size distribution for the positive electrode that embodiment 1 obtains；
Fig. 4 is the cycle performance figure for the positive electrode that embodiment 1 obtains；
Fig. 5 is the SEM figures for the positive electrode that embodiment 2 obtains；
Fig. 6 is the cycle performance figure for the positive electrode that embodiment 2 obtains；
Fig. 7 is the SEM figures for the positive electrode that comparative example 1 obtains；
Fig. 8 is the cycle performance figure for the positive electrode that comparative example 1 obtains.
Embodiment
In order to further illustrate the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to a kind of high power capacity ternary nickel cobalt provided by the invention
The preparation method and lithium ion battery of lithium aluminate cathode material carry out specific and detailed elaboration, but must not believe that and the present invention is protected
Shield scope defines.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material, comprises the following steps：
1) by NiSO4、CoSO4And NaAlO2It is Ni in molar ratio2+:Co2+:Al3+=0.815:0.15:0.035 ratio
Mixing, is dissolved with pure water, is configured to the metal ion solution of total concentration 2mol/L.By above-mentioned metal ion solution and 4mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution is injected into the reaction kettle using the ammonium hydroxide of 4mol/L as bottom liquid at the same time by peristaltic pump, and the pH for controlling reaction is
10~12, temperature is 30~60 DEG C；After filtration washing, nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide presoma is dried to obtain under 120 DEG C of vacuum
Ni0.815Co0.15Al0.035(OH)2；By 640.11g nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide presomas and 300g lithium hydroxides in high-speed mixer
Middle mixing 15min, is then 18m in oxygen flow by obtained mixture3When calcining 15 is small at 750 DEG C in the Muffle furnace of/h
Afterwards, the product LiNi of first sintering is obtained after being cooled to room temperature0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2, the primary particle of obtained product is
Spherical, second particle size is homogeneous, and D50 is 11~14 μm, and residual alkali total amount is 2.8wt.%, pH 12.11；
2) the 300g LiNi that will be obtained in 1)0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2It is stirred in a kettle with the pure water of 600g
10 minutes, when drying 5 is small in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber after filtering, residual alkali total amount was 0.25%, pH 11.13；
3) the 300g LiNi after the washing and drying that will be obtained in 2)0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2With 0.6672g nanometers of hydroxides
Cobalt mixes 15 minutes in high speed mixer, obtains mixture；
4) it is 18m in oxygen flow in Muffle furnace by the mixture of 300g in 3)3Under the atmosphere of/h, calcined at 750 DEG C
10 it is small when, the product LiNi of second of sintering is obtained after being cooled to room temperature0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2@LiCoO2, obtained product
Primary particle to be spherical, second particle size is homogeneous, and D50 is 14.18 μm, and residual alkali total amount is 0.28wt.%, pH 11.17.
The present invention carries out XRD powder diffraction analysis to the positive electrode that embodiment obtains, and the results are shown in Figure 1, and Fig. 1 is this
The XRD diffraction patterns of the product of embodiment sintering, the first sintering of the technical solution preparation is can be seen that from the result of Fig. 1
Product without dephasign, d003/d104More than 4.9, (006) and (012), (008) and the division of (110) peak are obvious, show the layer of material
Shape well-formed.
The positive electrode that the present invention obtains the present embodiment carries out sem analysis, and Fig. 2 is cathode after the present embodiment washing and drying
The SEM figures of material.Spheric granules of the positive electrode obtained as can be seen from Figure 2 in the present embodiment after washing and drying has been kept
Whole, surface washing is without the structure for destroying material；
The positive electrode that the present invention obtains embodiment carries out testing graininess, as shown in figure 3, being the positive electrode
Particle size distribution figure.The granularity that can be seen that the obtained positive electrode of the present embodiment from the result of Fig. 3 is that D50 is 14.11 μm.
The present invention carries out cycle performance test to the positive electrode prepared by the technical solution, as shown in figure 4, being institute
The cycle performance figure for the positive electrode stated.Can be seen that the capacity retention ratio that 100 circles circulate under 1C multiplying powers from the result in figure is
96.7%, 0.1C first circle discharge capacity are 201mAh/g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material, comprises the following steps：
1) by NiSO4、CoSO4And NaAlO2It is Ni in molar ratio2+:Co2+:Al3+=0.88:0.09:0.03 ratio is mixed
Close, dissolved with pure water, be configured to the metal ion solution of total concentration 2mol/L, by above-mentioned metal ion solution and the hydrogen of 4mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution is injected into the reaction kettle using the ammonium hydroxide of 4mol/L as bottom liquid at the same time by peristaltic pump, and the pH for controlling reaction is 10
~12, temperature is 30~60 DEG C, and after filtration washing, hydroxide precursor is dried to obtain under 120 DEG C of vacuum
Ni0.88Co0.09Al0.03(OH)2；By 645.81g nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide presomas and 300g lithium hydroxides in high-speed mixer
15min is mixed, is then 18m in oxygen flow by mixture3When calcining 15 is small at 740 DEG C in the Muffle furnace of/h, it is cooled to often
The product LiNi of first sintering is obtained after temperature0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2, the primary particle of obtained product be it is spherical, secondary
Grain size is homogeneous, and D50 is 11~14 μm, and residual alkali total amount is 2.5wt.%, pH 12.34；
2) the 300g LiNi that will be obtained in 1)0.88Co0.09Al0.03O210 are stirred in a kettle with the pure water of 600g
Minute, when drying 6 is small in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber after filtering, residual alkali total amount is 0.28%, pH 11.03；
3) the 300g LiNi after the washing and drying that will be obtained in 2)0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2With 0.7372g nanometers of hydroxides
Aluminium mixes 15 minutes in high speed mixer, obtains mixture；
4) it is 18m in oxygen flow in Muffle furnace by the mixture of 300g in 3)3Under the atmosphere of/h, calcined at 720 DEG C
12 it is small when, the product LiNi of second of sintering is obtained after being cooled to room temperature0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2@LiAlO2, obtained product
Primary particle is spherical, and second particle size is homogeneous, and D50 is 14.05 μm, and residual alkali total amount is 0.29wt.%, pH 11.11.
The positive electrode that the present invention obtains the present embodiment carries out sem analysis, and Fig. 5 is cathode after the present embodiment washing and drying
The SEM figures of material.Spheric granules of the positive electrode obtained as can be seen from Figure 5 in the present embodiment after washing and drying has been kept
Whole, surface washing is without the structure for destroying material；
The present invention carries out cycle performance test to the positive electrode prepared by the technical solution, as shown in fig. 6, being institute
The cycle performance figure for the positive electrode stated.It can be seen that the capacity retention ratio of 100 circle circulations under 1C multiplying powers from the result in Fig. 6
It is 210mAh/g for 97.1%, 0.1C first circles discharge capacity.
Comparative example 1
A kind of preparation method of tertiary cathode material, comprises the following steps：
1) by NiSO4、CoSO4And NaAlO2It is Ni in molar ratio2+:Co2+:Al3+=0.815:0.15:0.035 ratio
Mixing, is dissolved with pure water, is configured to the metal ion solution of total concentration 2mol/L, by above-mentioned metal ion solution and 3mol/L
Sodium hydroxide solution is injected into the reaction kettle using the ammonium hydroxide of 3mol/L as bottom liquid at the same time by peristaltic pump.Control reaction pH be
10~12, temperature is 30~60 DEG C, and after filtration washing, hydroxide precursor is dried to obtain under 120 DEG C of vacuum
Ni0.815Co0.15Al0.035(OH)2；By 640.11g nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide presomas and 300g lithium hydroxides in high-speed mixer
Middle mixing 15min, is then 18m in oxygen flow by mixture3When calcining 12 is small at 730 DEG C in the Muffle furnace of/h, it is cooled to
The product LiNi of first sintering is obtained after room temperature0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2, the primary particle of obtained product be it is spherical, it is secondary
Granular size is homogeneous, and D50 is 13.76 μm, and residual alkali total amount is 2.5wt.%, pH 12.12；
2) it is 18m in oxygen flow in Muffle furnace by the product of the 300g first sinterings obtained in 1)3The atmosphere of/h
Under, when calcining 12 is small at 720 DEG C, the product LiNi of second of sintering is obtained after being cooled to room temperature0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2, obtain
Product primary particle to be spherical, second particle size is homogeneous, D50 13.56, and residual alkali total amount is for 2.6%, pH
12.18。
The positive electrode that the present invention obtains the present embodiment carries out sem analysis, and Fig. 7 is cathode after the present embodiment washing and drying
The SEM figures of material.Spheric granules of the positive electrode obtained as can be seen from Figure 2 in the present embodiment after washing and drying has been kept
Whole, surface washing is without the structure for destroying material；
The present invention carries out cycle performance test to the positive electrode prepared by the technical solution, as shown in figure 8, being institute
The cycle performance figure for the positive electrode stated.Can be seen that the capacity retention ratio that 100 circles circulate under 1C multiplying powers from the result in figure is
82.1%, 0.1C first circle discharge capacity are 194mAh/g.
The comparison of embodiment and comparative example more than can be seen that nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material provided by the invention
Preparation method prepare positive electrode, there is relatively low residual alkali and relatively low pH, and there is preferable cycle performance.Explanation
Positive electrode provided by the invention has good performance.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, on the premise of basic technical scheme of the present invention is not departed from, some improvement and moditied processing can also be carried out, these improvement
It should all be considered as protection scope of the present invention with modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide and lithium salts are subjected to dry mixed, the mixture mixed is subjected to first sintering, sintering
After the completion of crush, sieving, obtain the first burning product；
(2) the described first burning product is washed, is dry；
(3) desciccate for obtaining step (3) and nano-metal-oxide carry out dry mixed, by the mixture mixed into
Row is calcined for the second time, is crushed after the completion of sintering, sieving, is obtained the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate tertiary cathode material of high power capacity.
2. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nickel cobalt aluminium hydrogen
Oxide is to accumulate the spherical primary particle formed, primary particle structural integrity by second particle, and total metal content is not less than
60wt.%.
3. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lithium salts is one
At least one of hydronium(ion) lithia, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxalate and lithium acetate.
4. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that institute
The molar ratio for stating lithium ion and nickel, cobalt and aluminum ions summation in the nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide in lithium salts is (0.9~1.10)：
1。
5. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the first time burns
The temperature of knot is 600~900 DEG C, when the time is 9~30 small.
6. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2),
Washing temperature is 20~100 DEG C, and washing time is 1~60 minute；The mass ratio of water used and first sintering product for 1~
50：1.
7. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2),
Drying temperature is 100~150 DEG C, when drying time is 2~8 small.
8. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nano metal
Oxide is at least one of vanadium oxide nanoparticle, nano aluminium oxide, nanoflakes and cobalt hydroxide and nano zircite；The nanogold
The mass ratio for belonging to the metallic element in oxide and the desciccate is 0.0001~0.1：1.
9. the preparation method of high power capacity tertiary cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that second of burning
The temperature of knot is 400~900 DEG C, when the time is 4~20 small.
10. a kind of lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery includes right and to go in 1-9 to appoint
The high power capacity tertiary cathode material that preparation method described in one is prepared.
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| CN108878863A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for improving surface residual alkalinity of ternary positive electrode material of lithium ion battery |
| WO2020082019A1 (en) * | 2018-10-20 | 2020-04-23 | Tesla Motors Canada ULC | Method for synthesizing nickel-cobalt-aluminum electrodes |
| CN111384372A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | High-compaction-density positive electrode material and electrochemical energy storage device |
| CN111735903A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-10-02 | 英德市科恒新能源科技有限公司 | Method for detecting content of nickel, cobalt and manganese by mass method complexometric titration |
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| CN115072797B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-04-02 | 宁夏汉尧石墨烯储能材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of lithium ion battery anode material |
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