CN107912098A - A kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
A kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107912098A CN107912098A CN201711169118.7A CN201711169118A CN107912098A CN 107912098 A CN107912098 A CN 107912098A CN 201711169118 A CN201711169118 A CN 201711169118A CN 107912098 A CN107912098 A CN 107912098A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The purpose of the present invention is to solve sand effectively lasting in the prior art to stick the problem of research of loamy texture saline and alkali land improvement method is less, there is provided a kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil.The present invention adds modifying agent iron tailings by sticking loamy texture saline-alkali soil to sand, change sand using iron tailings and stick sand in loam, powder, the ratio of clay, rationally adjustment quality composition, sand is sticked into loamy texture saline-alkali soil and is transformed into loam, both a large amount of capillary pores can be retained, a large amount of noncapilarry porositys and big crack can also be built, both permeability is improved, beneficial to Drainage of salt, capillary can be hindered to rise again, reduce salt accumulation, soil salt can effectively be reduced, and by adding organic acid, decomposed sludge or decomposed biogas residue improve the compatibility of iron tailings sand and natural soils, avoid or reduce during the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil and differential settlement and lamination occur, form the homogeneous soil texture of quality, realize lasting improvement and the stability of the soil texture of saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil technical field, more particularly to a kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil.
Background technology
Soil is basic natural resources for the survival of mankind, is landform, weather and hydrogeologic condition and artificial
The result of activity comprehensive function.China's saline-alkali soil area is huge, from the torrid zone to cool temperature zone, from strand to inland, from low land to height
Original, there is the distribution of salinization soil.Saline-alkali soil distributed area is to be changed to determine according to its soil types and weather conditions, is divided into
Strand salt marsh area, Huang-Huai-Hai plain salt marsh area, desert and desert steppe salt marsh area, four, grassland salt marsh area major class.Salinized soil
Physics and chemical property are all poor, it is mainly shown as that salinity or basicity are excessive, cause root system of plant water shortage or are poisoned, soil
Earth heavy texture, aggregate is less, soil hardening when arid, permeable, gas permeability is poor, totally unfavorable to agricultural production.
At present, the measure for administering salt-soda soil is broadly divided into engineering improvement, chemical modifying, biological modification etc..Wherein, engineering
Ameliorative measure mainly by leveling land, drainage trenching canal, plough, rotary tillage, the tillage control measure such as soaked field, utilize gutter drainage or perpendicular
In line water reduces water level and reduces saline and alkaline rising, or is improved by irrigating desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching alkali etc., or structure salt discharge pipeline and salt discharge
Hole, the salinity in salt-soda soil is gone out outside field by salt discharge hole and salt discharging pipe.It is saline and alkaline that related patents have CN 103621209A to administer improvement
The method on ground, CN101347790A improvement salt-soda soil ground method, CN 105165167A method for desalting salinized soil, CN
102349371A Saline-Sodics paddy field quick desalination alkali ploughs method of soil preparation, CN 202587801U salt-soda soil salt discharge alkali pipe, CN
204810883U salt discharge alkali pipe, 104054425 A alkaline land improvings systems of CN and modification method, 105393666 A of CN are saline and alkaline
Ground modification method, a kind of methods in rebuilding and improving salt-soda soil of 1759943 A of CN, 105165167 A method for desalting salinized soil of CN,
A kind of implantation methods for the method and salt-soda soil for improveing salt-soda soil of 102232328 A of CN, CN 102550159A salt-soda soils suppression control
Salt method and salt-soda soil suppression control salt system, heavy salinized ground administering method etc. in 104115586 A one kind of CN.
Chemical modifying mainly improves soil by applying the modifying agents such as organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, conditioning agent, microbial manure
Earth structure, increase retention capacity of soil, improve soil nutrient or using absorption, displacement, neutralization, fertilizer conservation, improve every the methods of salt
Alkaline land soil.Related patents have a kind of salt-soda soil fertilizers of 102775250 A of CN, 103922846 A alkaline land improving sides of CN
Method, 106146198 A salt resistance alkali organic fertilizer of CN, 102517030 A alkaline land modifying agents of CN, 104871678 A of CN are a kind of
The method for improveing salt-soda soil, a kind of saline alkali soil conditioners of 106278522 A of CN, 106220415 A of CN are a kind of for saline and alkaline
The feature water-soluble fertilizer of soil improvement and its application, a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioners of CN101624523A, CN
102898237A, Powdery saline-alkali soil the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, 102936503 A of CN contain the Soil ventilation improvement synergist of iron tailings
And preparation method thereof, a kind of anti-accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkaline agents prepared using iron tailings of 102936502 A of CN and its answering in salt-soda soil
With CN101481281A comprehensive treatment agent for soda alkaline land and its application method etc..
Biological modification measure is so that agriculture based on salt-tolerant plant or halophytes, woods are introduced a fine variety, cultivated on salt-soda soil, herds life
State system and its compound system and reach a kind of measure of modified utilization salt-soda soil purpose.Biological modification measure can reduce the soil water
Divide and evaporate, control earth's surface salification, increase root quantity, enhancing soil microbial activity, improvement soil physico-chemical property, effectively
Recover salt-soda soil productivity.Related patents have 104531721 A Suaeda salsas saline-resisting and alkaline-resisting genes of CN and its application, CN
105165167 A method for desalting salinized soil etc..
Above modification method can change the physicochemical property of soil to a certain extent or in one period, reach the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and wash
The effect of alkali or anti-accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, but the change on the soil texture does not influence or influences very little.And in saline-alkali soil, quality group
Into directly affecting soil salinization degree.Wherein, the shape of particle diameter and regular degree largely affect hollow billet aperture, non-
Hollow billet aperture and the distribution in big crack, and then influence the permeability of soil and the accumulation of salinity.Especially it is saline and alkaline to stick earth for sand
Soil, in its particle diameter distribution, content is more than 45% for sand grains (particle size range is 0.05mm≤sand grains < 2mm), and clay (<
0.002mm) content is more than 20% again, silt content (particle size range is 0.002mm≤powder < 0.05mm) relatively fewer, quality
Form unreasonable, salination is serious, and impeded drainage, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge are difficult, it is more difficult to administer.Therefore, it is necessary to try to explore effectively
Lasting sand sticks earth type saline and alkali land improvement method.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve sand effectively lasting in the prior art to stick the research of loamy texture saline and alkali land improvement method
The problem of less, there is provided a kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil.The present invention is added by sticking loamy texture saline-alkali soil to sand
Modifying agent iron tailings, the ratio of sand in loam, powder, clay is sticked using iron tailings change sand, quality composition is rationally adjusted, sand is sticked
Loamy texture saline-alkali soil is transformed into loam, can both retain a large amount of capillary pores, can also build a large amount of noncapilarry porositys and big crack, both
Permeability is improved, beneficial to Drainage of salt, and capillary can be hindered to rise, salt accumulation is reduced, can effectively reduce soil salt,
And the compatibility of iron tailings sand and natural soils is improved by adding organic acid, decomposed sludge or decomposed biogas residue, avoid or reduce
Occur differential settlement and lamination during the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil, form the homogeneous soil texture of quality, realize saline-alkali soil
Lasting improvement and the soil texture stability.
The technical scheme is that a kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, include the following steps:
1) treat sieve sand and stick loamy texture saline-alkali soil progress the analysis of soil mechanical component, determine soil texture sand grains (particle size range
For 0.05mm≤sand grains < 2mm), powder (particle size range is 0.002mm≤powder < 0.05mm) and clay (particle size range <
Specific mass percentage 0.002mm), it is respectively x, y and z to set its mass percentage, and x+y+z=1, is surveyed at the same time
Determine the soil weight, be set to A, unit:g/cm3;
2) take the iron tailings sand of particle diameter < 2mm, measure its mechanical composition, set iron tailings sand sand grains (particle size range as
0.05≤sand grains < 2mm), powder (particle size range is 0.002≤powder < 0.05mm) and clay (particle size range <
Mass percentage 0.002mm) is respectively a, b and c, and a+b+c=1;
3) to treating that sieve sand sticks in loamy texture saline-alkali soil addition iron tailings sand, its additive amount (t/hm is controlled2) while meet with
Lower condition:
Wherein, H is to treat that sieve sand sticks the depth of soil of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, unit:m;
Iron tailings sand is uniformly mixed with treating that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil, you can the soil plough horizon after improvement carries out normal
The plantation operation of rule.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the iron tailings sand are the iron tailings sand of improvement.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the preparation method of the iron tailings sand of the improvement are:Take the iron tailings
Sand, stirs evenly with organic acid, adjusts the pH to 6.0~6.5 of iron tailings sand, obtains modified iron tailings sand.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the organic acid include hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride and polyacrylic acid;
The specification of the hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride is molecular weight 400~800, solid content 48~50%, and 1% aqueous solution pH is
2~3;The specification of the polyacrylic acid is molecular weight 2000~5000, and solid content 30%, 1% pH value of water solution is 3.0.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, in the step 3), by iron tailings sand and treats that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil
After mixing, the decomposed biogas residue or decomposed sludge that quality is iron tailings chiltern amount 5~10% are added, is uniformly mixed, stands
20~40 days, you can the soil plough horizon after improvement carries out conventional plantation operation.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the decomposed biogas residue be by total carbon-nitrogen ratio be 25~35: 1 biogas residue with
Stalk mixture passes through the product of aerobic static composting fermentation, and the water content of product is 25~30%, pH is 8.5 ± 0.5;
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the biogas residue are methane-generating pit using the rich nitrogen raw material such as cow dung, chicken manure as raw material
The residue obtained after anaerobic fermentation;
The stalk includes maize straw, wheat or rice straw, particle diameter≤30mm.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the decomposed sludge are the sludge and straw that total carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35: 1
Stalk passes through the product of compost fermentation, pH7.8~9 of product, water content 25~30%;
The sludge be sewage treatment plants dewatered sludge, water content 80% ± 5, pH 8.5 ± 0.5;
The stalk includes maize straw, wheat or rice straw, particle diameter≤30mm.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the heavy metal component of the iron tailings sand meet Ministry of Agriculture's a great number of elements fertilizer
Toxic element limit standard.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is that:
Compared with prior art, the present invention it significantly has the beneficial effect that:
1st, present invention process is simple, easy to implement, pollution-free, and raw material sources are extensive, cheap, and production cost is low.
2nd, loamy texture reclamation of salinep-alkali soil positive effect is sticked to sand.In saline-alkali soil, quality composition directly affects the soil salinization
Degree.Cement saline-alkali soil capillary pore is excessively tiny, and capillary ascent is suppressed, and is not easy salification.But sand sticks loamy texture salt
Its particle size range of alkaline earth is that sand grains (0.05~2mm) content is more than 45%, and clay (< 0.002mm) contains in its particle diameter distribution
For amount again more than 20%, silt content (0.002~0.05mm) is relatively fewer, and quality composition is unreasonable, and salination is serious, and draining is not
Freely, the main reason for desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge difficulty is salt-soda soil property deterioration.Present invention discover that suitable iron tailings addition sand is sticked into earth
When in matter saline-alkali soil, since iron tailings particle is block in irregular rib, noncapilarry porosity and big crack can be preferably built,
The ratio of sand in loam, powder, clay is sticked using iron tailings change sand, quality composition is rationally adjusted, sand is sticked into the saline and alkaline land reform of loamy texture
Loam is caused, can both retain a large amount of capillary pores, can also build a large amount of noncapilarry porositys and big crack, and greatly change
The distribution situation of capillary pore in soil.Both permeability is improved, beneficial to Drainage of salt, and capillary can be hindered to rise, is reduced
Salt accumulation, effectively reduces soil salt, realizes the improvement of saline-alkali soil.And other properties flyash similar to iron tailings, slag
It is block Deng the rib for lacking iron tailings particle, noncapilarry porosity and big crack can not be constructed so as to which hollow billet hole in soil can not be changed
The distribution of gap.
But since iron tailings proportion is larger, specific surface area is relatively small and carries negative electrical charge, it is difficult to it is compound with saline-alkali soil, will
After iron tailings without any processing is directly applied in saline-alkali soil, separated quickly with saline-alkali soil, there occurs obvious uneven heavy
Drop and lamination, form " upper viscous lower sand " structure.In order to solve this problem, the present invention is with organic acid, and decomposed biogas residue or
Organic matter in decomposed sludge promotes the cementing and compound of iron tailings and saline-alkali soil, reduce iron tailings sand differential settlement and point
Layer phenomenon, it is ensured that the homogeneity and stability of the soil texture.
3rd, the cost that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil is reduced.Since iron tailings is iron ore mine production discarded object, improvement is adopted
Realized with iron tailings and it is recycled, and reduce improvement cost.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Iron tailings in following embodiments is Anshan type iron tailings, from Anshan mining company Tailings Dam, its chemical constituent
In, SiO2The harmful components such as content 76.1%, total iron content 11.3%, heavy metal are extremely low, meet Ministry of Agriculture's a great number of elements fertilizer
Toxic element limit standard.
Embodiment 1
Treating that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil region and take topsoil (0~20cm) pedotheque, air-drying post analysis mechanical composition
(being shown in Table 1), soil weight 1.32g/cm3.Take iron tailings sand sample product, analysis mechanical composition (being shown in Table 2).
Table 1, sand stick loamy texture saline-alkali soil mechanical composition
Grain size grading | < 0.002mm | 0.002≤~< 0.05mm | 0.05≤~< 2mm |
Content (%) | 21.1 | 26.6 | 52.3 |
Table 2, iron tailings sand mechanical composition
Grain size grading | < 0.002mm | 0.002≤~< 0.05mm | 0.05≤~< 2mm |
Content (%) | 8.4 | 68.2 | 23.4 |
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot, after smooth, calculate according to formula (1), (2), 850kg is added into soil
Iron tailings sand, stirs evenly with topsoil soils (depth 20cm), while sets control 1 (30m of plot2, it is not added with iron tailings) and
Compare 2 (30m of plot2, 200kg iron tailings sand is added, the soil texture still sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil for sand) and carry out farming, long-term cropping
It is specific to plant operation and the same crop field of management for corn.
It the results are shown in Table 3 and table 4 after improvement.
Soil mechanical composition after table 3, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 4, plantation
Embodiment 2
Treat that sieve sand sticks the topsoil soils mechanical composition of loamy texture saline-alkali soil region with table 1, soil weight 1.32g/cm3.Iron
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND mechanical composition is the same as table 2.
By iron tailings sand and molecular weight 400~800, solid content 48~50%, the poly- horse of hydrolysis that 1% aqueous solution pH is 2~3
Carry out acid anhydrides mixing, stir evenly, adjust the pH to 6.0 of iron tailings sand, obtain modified iron tailings sand.
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot, after smooth, calculate according to formula (1), (2), 850kg is added into soil
Modified iron tailings sand, then stirs evenly with topsoil soils (20cm depth), while sets control 1 (30m of plot2, undisturbed soil
Earth), control 2 (30m of plot2, add iron tailings sand and be not added with organic acid) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is corn, other plantations
Operation and the same crop field of management.
Result of implementation is shown in Table 5 and table 6.
Soil mechanical composition after table 5, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 6, plantation
Embodiment 3
The water content 80% ± 5 of sewage treatment plants, the dewatered sludge of pH 8.5 ± 0.5 is taken to be mixed with corn stalk powder
Equal control C/N is 25~35: 1, and moisture content 25.7% is obtained after compost, and pH is 8.3 decomposed sludge.
Treat that sieve sand sticks the topsoil soils mechanical composition of loamy texture saline-alkali soil region with table 1, soil weight 1.32g/cm3.Iron
Tailing mechanical composition is the same as table 2.30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot, after smooth, calculates, to soil according to formula (1), (2)
Middle addition 850kg iron tailings, stirs evenly with topsoil soils, then adds the decomposed sludge of 60kg, is stirred evenly with mixed soil,
One month is stood, control 1 (30m of plot is set2, original-state soil), according to 2 (30m of plot2, add decomposed sludge but be not added with iron tail
Ore in sand form), control 3 (30m of plot2, iron tailings sand is added, is not added with decomposed sludge) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is corn, other
Plant operation and the same crop field of management.
Improved results are shown in Table 7 and table 8.
Soil mechanical composition after table 7, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 8, plantation
Embodiment 4
The biogas residue that methane-generating pit is obtained using cow dung as raw material after anaerobic fermentation is mixed with stalk using C/N as 25~35: 1,
Ferment by aerobic static composting, it is the decomposed biogas residue that 27.3%, pH is 8.5 to obtain water content.
Treat that sieve sand sticks the topsoil soils mechanical composition of loamy texture saline-alkali soil region with table 1, soil weight 1.32g/cm3.Iron
Tailing mechanical composition is the same as table 2.30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot, after smooth, calculates, to soil according to formula (1), (2)
Middle addition 850kg iron tailings sand, stirs evenly with topsoil soils, then adds the decomposed biogas residues of 60kg, equal with mixed soil stirring
It is even, one month is stood, control 1 (30m of plot is set2, original-state soil), control 2 (30m of plot2, add decomposed biogas residue but be not added with
Iron tailings sand), control 3 (30m of plot2, add iron tailings sand but be not added with decomposed biogas residue) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is jade
Rice, other plantation operations and the same crop field of management.
Result of implementation is shown in Table 9 and table 10.
Soil mechanical composition after table 9, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 10, plantation
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that includes the following steps:
1) treat sieve sand and stick loamy texture saline-alkali soil progress the analysis of soil mechanical component, determine soil texture sand grains, powder and clay
Specific mass percentage, and its mass percentage is set to x, y and z, and x+y+z=1, while measure soil appearance
Weight, is set to A, unit:g/cm3;
2) the iron tailings sand of particle diameter < 2mm is taken, measures its mechanical composition, sets containing for iron tailings sand sand grains, powder and clay
Amount respectively a, b and c, and a+b+c=1;
3) to treating that sieve sand sticks in loamy texture saline-alkali soil addition iron tailings sand, control its additive amount to meet the following conditions at the same time, add
Measure unit:t/hm2:
Wherein, H is to treat that sieve sand sticks the depth of soil of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, unit:m;
Iron tailings sand is uniformly mixed with treating that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil, you can the soil plough horizon after improvement carries out conventional
Plant operation.
2. a kind of sand according to claim 1 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the iron tailings sand
For the iron tailings sand of improvement.
3. a kind of sand according to claim 2 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the iron of the improvement
The preparation method of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is:Iron tailings sand is taken, is stirred evenly with organic acid, the pH for making iron tailings sand is 6.0~6.5, is obtained
Modified iron tailings sand.
4. a kind of sand according to claim 3 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the organic acid
Including hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride and polyacrylic acid;
The specification of the hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride is molecular weight 400~800, solid content 48~50%, 1% aqueous solution pH for 2~
3;The specification of the polyacrylic acid is molecular weight 2000~5000, and solid content 30%, 1% pH value of water solution is 3.0.
5. a kind of sand according to claim 1 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the step 3)
In, by iron tailings sand and treat that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil after mixing, add decomposed biogas residue or decomposed sludge, mixing is equal
It is even, stand 20~40 days, you can carry out plantation operation in soil plough horizon.
6. a kind of sand according to claim 5 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the decomposed natural pond
Slag is the product that the biogas residue that total carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35: 1 passes through aerobic static composting fermentation with stalk, and the water content of product is 25
~30%, pH is 8~9.
7. a kind of sand according to claim 5 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the decomposed dirt
Mud is the product that the sludge that total carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35: 1 passes through compost fermentation with stalk, and the pH of product is 7.8~9, water content
For 25~30%.
8. a kind of sand according to claim 5 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the decomposed biogas residue
Or 5~10% that the addition of decomposed sludge is the iron tailings chiltern amount.
9. a kind of sand according to claim 1 or 3 sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that the iron tail
The heavy metal component of ore in sand form meets the toxic element limit standard of Ministry of Agriculture's a great number of elements fertilizer.
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CN111587623A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving quality of heavy-viscosity alkalized rice soil in a cross-grade manner |
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CN113475182A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-08 | 天津渤化环境修复股份有限公司 | Improvement method of sulfate type saline-alkali soil |
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