CN107875168B - 一种免疫调节组合物在治疗恶性积液中的用途 - Google Patents
一种免疫调节组合物在治疗恶性积液中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种免疫调节组合物在治疗恶性积液中的用途,其中该组合物具有免疫调节功能。具体涉及该组合物在制备用于缓解和治疗恶性积液的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物包含聚核糖肌苷‑聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)。所述组合物还可以进一步包含至少一种稳定剂和钙离子、抗癌剂或其它药学上可接受的载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种免疫调节组合物在预防和/或治疗恶性积液中的用途。
背景技术
恶性胸腔积液(MPE)一般指在胸膜液或胸膜组织中存在恶性细胞。其在恶性肿瘤患者的晚期很常见(1)。与MPE相关的常见症状是呼吸困难、咳嗽、乏力、消瘦和胸膜疼痛。
MPE形成的一个经典的观点是,由于胸膜腔中肿瘤发展,淋巴管受阻造成胸腔积液滞留。这些基于胸膜的肿瘤转移阻断胸腔引流液,同时通过增加血浆外渗到胸膜腔而增加胸腔积液的生产。现在相信MPE产生于宿主血管和肿瘤细胞之间复杂的生物相互作用,其涉及宿主免疫系统的调节因子(2)。
每年每百万人口中有约500例MPE新增病例。这些病例主要伴随肺和其他器官的腺癌、信号传导不可恢复、寿命缩短和严重下降的生活质量(3,4)。患有 MPE的患者的预后是非常有限的,平均生存期约6至8个月。除了有限的生存期,患者的生活质量显著下降,需要频繁的医疗救济(5)。因此,胸腔癌症患者的治疗的主要目的通常是姑息治疗,这减少了临床投诉(6)。
因为肺部在解剖学上接近胸膜,因此MPE见于约8-15%的肺癌患者,这占所有MPE病例的约40%。第二最常见的原因是转移性乳腺癌(占MPE的约 25%),其次是淋巴瘤(约10%),卵巢癌(约5%),和胃肠癌(约5%)(7-9)。
类似地,恶性腹水(MA)和心包积液(MPCE)为含有癌细胞的多余液体在腹腔或心包腔累积的情况。腹水的潜在原因包括腹膜转移癌阻塞淋巴引流、门静脉血栓形成、充血性心脏衰竭、缩窄性心包炎、肾病综合征和腹腔感染(10)。与MA最相关的癌症是卵巢癌(37%)、胰胆癌(21%)、胃癌(18%)、食管癌(4%)、结肠直肠癌(4%)和乳腺(3%)(11)。
作为一种急性反复性发作的疾病,对于MPE通常建议胸部排液,然后是多为侵入性的治疗方法,如临时或永久胸膜导管插入和胸腔镜胸膜固定术。全身化疗对于原发肿瘤仍然对化疗敏感的患者是另一种选择。同时放疗可进一步提高此类病人的生存(12)。
大多数全身细胞毒性药物已通过局部灌注途径的小型试验进行了测试并获得了不同程度的成功。这些药物包括顺铂、美法仑、5-氟尿嘧啶、卡铂、丝裂霉素C、依托泊苷、阿霉素、紫杉醇、米托蒽醌、阿糖胞苷、托泊替康、甲氨蝶呤等。然而,随着MPE的发展,在大多数情况下典型的肿瘤已成为化疗耐药,许多患者不适合进一步化疗。
对于MPCE和MA目前的治疗方法与MPE相似。对于MPCE,第一选择一般是局部治疗,如心包腔内支架或有孔引流。抗肿瘤药物的心包灌注也是常见的,但这种策略的有效性有限(13)。缓解MA的治疗还包括使用利尿剂、引流导管的植入和手术分流技术(14)。但是,这些症状缓解的方法均不影响病程。
尽管癌症治疗最新有了新的进展,但恶性胸腔积液仍然令人沮丧,并且其与高发病率和死亡率相关。目前的治疗方法医学上要求很高、效率低、且经常无法根治病因。
免疫治疗是最近出现的有潜力的癌症治疗方法。已经表明,其在许多典型癌症中均具有肿瘤抑制效果。两个新批准的PD-1抗体Nivolumab(Opdivo)和 Pembrolizumab(Keytruda)已批准分别用于非小细胞肺癌和化疗难治性黑色素瘤。
本发明人使用一种包含聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)的免疫调节组合物,旨在重塑宿主免疫反应,并恢复宿主的免疫系统功能,却意外发现该组合物的一种新用途。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种包含双链RNA聚合物的组合物在制备用于治疗恶性积液的药物中的用途,所述双链RNA聚合物包括聚核糖肌苷酸(polyI)、聚核糖胞苷酸(polyC)、和聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)。
本发明一方面提供一种免疫调节组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗恶性积液的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物包含:a)聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述组合物包含:a)聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)和b)至少一种稳定剂。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述组合物进一步含有钙离子,优选所述钙离子来源为氯化钙。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述组合物包含:
a)1.0-10.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸;
b)0.02-10mmol/L的氯化钙;
其中聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸的阴离子与稳定剂的阳离子的比为0.1:1, 0.2:1,0.3:1,0.4:1,0.5:1,0.6:1,0.7:1,0.8:1,0.9:1,1:1.1,1:1.2,1:1.3,1:1.4,1:1.5, 1:1.6,1:1.7,1:1.8,1:1.9,或1:2.0,优选的比值为1:1。
根据本发明所述的稳定剂可以为氨基糖苷类抗生素或非氨基糖苷类胺。
根据本发明所述的氨基糖苷类抗生素可以是包含氨基糖子结构的任何有机分子。传统上,一组也被称为氨基糖苷类抗生素的细菌衍生物被用作药物和治疗剂以抑制革兰氏阴性细菌的蛋白质的合成。在一些具体实施方案中,所述氨基糖苷类抗生素可以选自双氢链霉素、甘露糖苷链霉素、阿米卡星、丁胺霉素、地贝卡星、越霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、青紫霉素、奈替米星、新霉素、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、链霉素、链丝霉素、妥布霉素、井冈霉素,优选卡那霉素。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述的组合物包含:a)聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);b)卡那霉素;和c)氯化钙。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述的组合物包含0.1至10.0g/L,0.2至8.0g/L,0.5至6.0g/L,0.6至5.0g/L,0.8至3.0 g/L,或1.0至2.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述的组合物包含100至5000IU,300至3000IU,500至2000IU,或600至1500IU的卡那霉素/每毫克PIC。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述的组合物包含0.02-10.0mmol/L,0.05-8.0mmol/L,0.1-5.0mmol/L,0.2-4.0mmol/L, 0.5-3.0mmol/L,或0.8-2.0mmol/L的氯化钙。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述的组合物进一步含有抗癌剂,所述抗癌剂优选为化疗药物或抗癌单克隆抗体。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载体、佐剂、赋形剂或稀释剂。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含抗原,所述抗原选自肿瘤抗原(tumor antigen)、新变异癌症抗原(cancer neoantigen)、植物抗原、动物抗原、微生物抗原,或病毒抗原。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述的组合物可以通过胃肠道外注射、肌肉注射、腹腔注射、胸腔注射、静脉注射、皮下注射、心包内注射、经呼吸道吸入、直肠内、阴道内、经鼻、经口、经眼、局部、透皮或皮内施用。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述恶性积液可以由起源于肺、淋巴、肝、胃、结肠、乳腺、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胆管、食道、脑、鼻或前列腺的原发性肿瘤引起。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述恶性积液由起源于肺、淋巴、肝、胃、肠、乳腺、卵巢癌的原发癌,转移至胸腔引起。
根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述恶性积液由起源于卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胆管、食道、肝的原发癌,转移至腹腔引起。
在本发明一个实施方案中,恶性积液位于胸膜、腹膜和/或心包腔;所述恶性积液优选恶性胸腔积液、或恶性腹水、或心包积液。
本发明含PIC的组合物可利用在本领域中可得的方法来制造。含PIC的组合物可通过任何适当方法所制造。例如,聚核苷酸组合物可通过在一个具有pH6 至pH8的pH值的氯化钠/磷酸钠缓冲液内,将聚肌苷酸、聚胞苷酸、抗生素和正价离子来源加以混合而制成。聚肌苷酸和聚胞苷酸的浓度通常为0.1至10mg/ml、 0.5至5mg/ml或是0.5至2.5mg/ml。增色值(hyperchromicity value)应高于10%、高于15%、高于20%或高于50%。PIC的制备以及和抗生素(如卡那霉素)和正价离子(如钙)的组合通常是在符合于国际优良方法规范(GoodManufacturing Process)的品质标准下进行。
在特别相关的实施方案中,本发明的特点是被通称为PIKA的组合物,其包含聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)、抗生素(例如卡那霉素)以及正价离子(例如钙离子)。
在另一个特别相关的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述组合物包含:
a)0.1-10.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);
b)100-5000IU的卡那霉素每毫克PIC;
c)0.02-10.0mmol/L的氯化钙。
在另一个特别相关的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中,所述组合物包含:
a)0.5-6.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);
b)500-2000IU的卡那霉素每毫克PIC;
c)0.2-4.0mmol/L的氯化钙。
在一个特定的实施方案中,聚核苷酸组合物是PIKA。PIKA可通过多种方式来制得,以从PICKCa来制得特别有利。PIKA可通过涉及分离和/或浓缩具有所限定分子大小和/或分子量的分子的额外方法,而从PICKCa制得。利用过滤、层析、热处理、离心分离、电泳和类似方法来分离和浓缩具有特定特性的聚核苷酸分子均为标准方法,且为本领域技术人员所知悉。
本发明另一方面提供一种预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法,其包含向患者施用预防有效量或治疗有效量的组合物,所述组合物包含:a)聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);和b)至少一种稳定剂。所述组合物可以任选进一步包含钙离子,优选所述钙离子来源为氯化钙。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法,其可以进一步包括预处理或后处理。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法可以在胸腔引流、胸腔穿刺、暂时性或永久性胸膜导管插入、胸腔镜胸膜固定术、心包腔内支架或引流窗孔、或手术分流的过程中应用。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法可以通过胸腔灌注、腹腔灌注、心包内灌注、或静脉滴注应用。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法,其中所述患者有发展为恶性积液的危险,其中所述组合物调节患者的免疫应答以预防恶性积液。
在本发明另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的预防和/或治疗恶性积液的方法,其中所述患者被确诊为存在恶性积液,其中所述组合物调节患者的免疫应答,并且该免疫应答可以通过以下一种或多种参数定量:
a)增加恶性液体或血清中VEGF的表达;
b)增加恶性液体或血清中的IFN-γ;
c)减少恶性液体或血清中TNF-α;
d)降低腹膜通透性;
并且a)、b)、c)或d)的任何组合增加或减少至少10%、至少20%、至少 30%、至少50%、至少80%、至少100%(2倍)、至少3倍、至少5倍或更多。
一些介质与恶性积液有关,包括肿瘤分泌血管活性介质、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤形成转化因子、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和Kras基因过劳因子(Kras geneoverexertion)等。研究已经显示肿瘤和宿主细胞均分泌炎症介质,如CCL2和SPP1、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-27,其促进恶性积液的形成。肿瘤细胞也与宿主免疫应答相互作用,以增加血管通透性。这部分通过TNF-α的过表达获得,其还激活NF-kB通路来调节细胞存活。
本发明另一方面提供一种用于预防和/或治疗恶性积液的组合药物,其中,所述组合药物包含:a)聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)。
优选地,所述组合药物还包含:b)至少一种稳定剂。
优选地,所述组合药物进一步含有钙离子;更优选地,所述钙离子来源为氯化钙。
优选地,所述组合药物包含:
a)0.5-6.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);
b)500-2000IU的卡那霉素每毫克PIC;
c)0.2-4.0mmol/L的氯化钙。
优选地,所述稳定剂为氨基糖苷类抗生素或非氨基糖苷类胺。
优选地,所述氨基糖苷类抗生素选自双氢链霉素、甘露糖苷链霉素、阿米卡星、丁胺霉素、地贝卡星、越霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、青紫霉素、奈替米星、新霉素、巴龙霉素、核糖霉素、西索米星、链霉素、链丝霉素、妥布霉素、井冈霉素,更优选卡那霉素。
优选地,所述组合药物包含还包含抗原,其中所述抗原选自肿瘤抗原(tumorantigen)、新变异癌症抗原(cancer neoantigen)、植物抗原、动物抗原、微生物抗原,或病毒抗原。
优选地,所述组合药物包含:
a)0.1-10.0g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC);
b)100-5000IU卡那霉素每毫克PIC;和/或
c)0.02-10.0mmol/L的氯化钙。
其中,100-5000IU卡那霉素每毫克PIC表示在组合药物中,每含有1毫克PIC,需添加100-5000IU的卡那霉素。
本发明通过使用特定的免疫调节剂组合物,即BSG,中文商品名拟命名为赛正,可以重塑宿主免疫反应,恢复宿主的免疫系统功能,达到有效治疗恶性积液的效果。
附图说明
图1是各实验小组小鼠接种腹水瘤细胞和接受治疗后体重曲线(D0为腹水瘤细胞接种日);
图2是(左)各实验组小鼠D15天平均腹水量(ml),(右)各实验组小鼠D15天平均腹水细胞计数(106/ml);
图3是各实验组小鼠D7平均胸水体积(ml);
图4是各实验组小鼠D7脏器称重;
图5是各实验小组小鼠接种胸水瘤(D0)细胞和接受治疗后体重曲线;
图6表示各实验组小鼠胸水抑制率;
图7是各实验小组小鼠接种腹水瘤细胞和接受治疗后体重曲线(g);
图8是(左)各实验组小鼠平均腹水量(ml),(右)各实验组小鼠平均腹水细胞计数(106/ml);
图9表示各实验组小鼠平均腹围变化(cm);
图10是S180腹水小鼠模型各实验小鼠IL-12含量测定;
图11为各实验组小鼠平均腹围大小。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例具体说明本发明,但其不以任何形式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1含有polyIC组合物(BSG)的制备(以下稳定剂以硫酸卡那霉素为例)
PI、PC按0.5-1.5之间比例配比,加入200-2000IU硫酸卡那霉素和0.02-10mMCaCl2溶液,用PBS定容到一定体积,在不超过60摄氏度的温度下反应30-60 分钟,过滤分装,装量约为2ml/支。其中具体的制备实施例如下。
实施例2赛正(BSG)对H22腹水瘤小鼠腹水的抑制和治疗作用
实验背景和目的:恶性腹水是消化系统肿瘤或卵巢癌等通过血管和淋巴管发生转移、肿瘤组织溃破浆膜层或根治术后常因癌细胞脱落腹腔发生种植性转移而引起腹膜腔内液体异常蓄积。本实验探讨BSG对H22腹水瘤小鼠腹水的抑制和治疗作用。
实验材料:小鼠肝癌细胞H22细胞株,雌性小鼠,6-8周,18-22g。赛正 (BSG,其中含PIC 2mg/ml,后同)。对照药物顺铂(DDP),无菌N.S(即生理盐水)。
实验方法:
1、H22腹水瘤模型的建立:取出冻存的腹水细胞,解冻,加入到培养基中离心,弃上清,加入生理盐水,注射到2只小鼠腹腔。10天后抽取腹水,离心计数,调细胞浓度1x 107/ml细胞,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.2ml含2x 106个细胞,共注射54只。
2、分组给药
2.1、抑制作用:腹腔模型制备后24小时随机分出18只小鼠为A和B组,每组各9只,分组后立即给药,A皮下注射赛正(BSG)200ug/100ul,B组腹腔注射顺铂(DDP)20ug/100ul,连续给药14天。
2.2、治疗作用:剩下的36只D5天测腹围,按腹围大小重新随机分组,分成C、D、E和F四组,每组9只。分组后立即给药,其中C组皮下注射BSG 200ug/100ul,D组腹腔注射BSG200ug/100ul,E组腹腔注射顺铂20ug/100ul, F组皮下注射无菌N.S 100ul,连续给药10天。
各分组给药情况见下表2。
表2
3、观察和检测指标:
1)每天观察小鼠状态,腹部膨隆,皮毛光泽状态,活动性;
2)每2d测量小鼠的体重、腹围,进行体重和生存时间的监测;
3)采血、收集腹水和计算腹水中瘤细胞:给药结束后第2天即D15天,每组取3只腹围最大的小鼠,眼静脉丛采血用于分离血清;颈椎脱位法处死小鼠,用10mL无菌注射器抽取每只小鼠的腹水,并记录腹水量;
4)各组小鼠生存期观察:其余剩下各组实验小鼠记录死亡时间,平均生存期,并计算生命延长率.生命延长率ILS(%)=[(给药组平均生存天数/空白对照组平均生存天数)-1]×100%;
5)平均腹水量计算腹水抑制率(%)=(1-治疗组平均腹水量/对照组平均腹水量)×100%。
试验结果:
1)腹腔接种腹水细胞7天后,A组仅有一只小鼠左下腹部皮下米粒大结节; B组有6只小鼠有黄豆/绿豆大结节;小鼠状态差,C组仅有一只小鼠在腹腔接种腹水细胞后第13天出现绿豆结节;D组有2只小鼠在左下腹部皮下绿豆大结节;E组有6只小鼠有绿豆大结节,其中两只小鼠从D11开始精神状态差,D14 天结节进一步增大;F组所有9只小鼠下腹部出现绿豆大结节,除1只小鼠生存至D13天外,其他小鼠均在D9天死亡。由此可见,赛正给药组比顺铂和空白对照组能更好的抑制皮下肿瘤的发生。
2)总体来说,顺铂组给药后体重开始下降,且持续下降,至给药结束时体重偏轻,消瘦,D15的平均体重仅为接受赛正治疗小组的66.7%。赛正组给药后体重有下降但是2天后开始逐渐恢复。显示顺铂的毒性较大,副作用明显,对小鼠整体生存质量有影响,而赛正对小鼠的体重没有明显影响(小鼠体重曲线详见图1)。
3)从腹水控制来看,经腹腔注射赛正的D组小鼠和顺铂E组小鼠,腹水量相当,但赛正的毒性较小。给药结束后第2天(D15)采血结果显示,各受试组小鼠的腹水平均细胞计数为2.42,3.17,1.43,0.97和4.85(详见图2右)。E 组由于死亡小鼠数量多,无法得到可比较的腹水细胞计数。结果表明赛正可抑制小鼠腹水中癌细胞的生长。
4)所有存活小鼠均在给药结束后2天(D15)被处死,处死前各治疗小组分别有9,6,7,5,2和0只小鼠存活,按平均生存天数计算生命延长率(ILS) 及标差见表3。
表3
5)各实验组小鼠D15天平均腹水量见图2(左),从实验结果看,赛正通过皮下注射可良好控制腹水,达到55.2%的抑制率。
结论:实验组小鼠平均腹水量明显低于对照组小鼠,赛正比顺铂组或空白对照有更好的腹水抑制和治疗效果。结合预防组肿瘤植入情况,可看出通过将赛正皮下给予的系统性治疗对于控制肿瘤植入和延长寿命更有效,而通过腹腔给药控制腹水效果更明显。
实施例3本发明组合物赛正(BSG)对小鼠恶性胸腔积液的抑制和治疗作用
实验背景和目的:恶性胸腔积液通常指原发于胸膜或其他部位的恶性肿瘤转移至胸膜引起的胸腔积液,约占临床所有胸腔积液的50%。本实验探讨本发明组合物(BSG)对小鼠恶性胸腔积液生成的抑制作用和治疗作用。
实验材料:小鼠肝癌细胞H22细胞株(购自CCTCC),BALB/c小鼠,SPF 级,雌性,6-8周,18-22g,购自北京维通利华。赛正(BSG,2mg/ml)。对照药物安道生(注射用环磷酰胺),CTX,批号6D111A,0.2g,Baxter Oncology GmbH。氯化钠注射液,厂家浙江天瑞药业有限公司,批号116102506,0.9%, 250ml;2.25g。
实验方法:
1、建立动物模型
取出冻存的恶性积液细胞,解冻,加入到培养基中离心,弃上清,加入生理盐水重悬,调细胞浓度1x 107/ml,注射到3只BALB/c腹腔,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.2ml。约7天后抽取腹水,离心计数,调细胞浓度5x 105/ml,每只小鼠胸腔注射0.2ml含1x 105个细胞,共注射78只。
2、分组给药
胸腔注射恶性积液细胞后3天按体重随机分组,每组16只,分为解剖组(8 只)和生存期观察组(6只),连续给药(详见表4和表5)。
表4
表5
3、观察和检测指标:
1)每天观察小鼠状态,皮毛光泽状态,活动性,每隔两天测量小鼠的体重,进行体重和生存时间的监测。
2)解剖组收集胸水:D6天给药后5小时,采用眼底静脉放血收集血清至小鼠死亡,取20ul按白细胞计数法进行白细胞计数。用1mL注射器经横膈下抽取全部胸腔积液,计量各组胸腔积液平均体积。取胸腺、脾脏和肺,称重。
3)各组小鼠生存期观察:各组剩余6只生存期观察小鼠记录死亡时间,计算平均生存期,并按公式ILS(%)=[(给药组平均生存天数/空白对照组平均生存天数)-1]×100%计算生命延长率;
4)按公式(%)=(1-治疗组平均胸水量/对照组平均胸水量)×100计算胸水抑制率。
试验结果:
1)从胸水量观察,如图3所示,BSG+CTX联合用药组小鼠的平均胸水量最低。其次为BSG单独用药组,特别是BSG0.6mg/kg和7.5mg/kg组,其中用量在0.6mg/kg时,可达到略好于7.5mg/kg剂量的效果,提示人用临床等效剂量可以0.6mg/kg换算。另外,如图4所示,CTX小组的胸腺和脾脏质量显著小于其他小组,表明其对小鼠的器官的损害和毒性。
2)从小鼠体重观察,如图5所示,考虑到胸水的质量,BSG 3.0mg/kg和 0.6mg/kg小组的体重均与N.S组小鼠相似,提示其在控制腹水的基础上,毒性较小,对小鼠体重影响小。而BSG7.5mg/kg和CTX,以及BSG+CTX组小鼠体重明显下降,需考虑控制胸水基础上的毒性。
3)外周血白细胞计数显示,各给药小组对白细胞均有不同程度的抑制,其中BSG0.6mg/kg抑制作用最小,其中BSG+CTX组白细胞抑制率最大。
4)根据解剖组小鼠胸水量数据,如图6所示,为各组胸水抑制率。其中 BSG+CTX组胸水抑制率最高,其次为BSG0.6mg/kg和7.5mg/kg组。
5)下表6记录各生存期观察组小鼠在给药后的存活时间,平均生存天数和生命延迟率。数据反映对于同时控制胸水和癌细胞增殖的联合给药组小鼠生存期明显延长,在其他组小鼠D6天大部分死亡的情况下,仍然有5只小鼠存活。另外,BSG小鼠的存活率和生命延迟率均高于CTX和空白对照组。
表6
实施例4S180腹水瘤小鼠模型联合给药
实验目的:探讨赛正(BSG)对S180腹水瘤小鼠腹水的抑制和辅助治疗作用。
实验材料:小鼠S180细胞株(购自CCTCC),BALB/c小鼠,雌性,6-7 周,购自广东省医学实验动物中心。赛正(BSG),2mg/ml。诺欣(顺铂注射液),顺铂(DDP),批号160603,5mg/ml,江苏豪森药业集团有限公司。环磷酰胺 (CTX)。氯化钠注射液,厂家浙江天瑞药业有限公司,批号116102506,0.9%, 250ml;2.25g。
实验方法:
1、S180腹水瘤模型的建立:取对数生长期细胞,用无菌生理盐水调节细胞数至5×106/mL,无菌条件下小鼠腹腔注射,每只0.4mL。接种7~8天后,无菌条件下抽取S180荷瘤小鼠腹腔中腹水,无菌操作下腹腔注射0.4ml腹水到4 只BALB/c,细胞数为2×107/mL,进行传代。6~7天后抽取腹水,离心计数,调细胞浓度5×106/mL,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.4ml含2x 106个细胞,共注射48 只。
2、分组给药:D4天测体重,根据体重大小随机分组,分成A、B、C、D、 E、F六组,每组8只。分组后立即给药,如表7所示,其中A组肌肉注射赛正 7.5mg/kg,B组肌肉注射环磷酰胺50mg/kg,C组腹腔注射顺铂0.5mg/kg,D组肌肉注射赛正7.5mg/kg+肌肉注射环磷酰胺50mg/kg,E组肌肉注射赛正 7.5mg/kg+腹腔注射顺铂0.5mg/kg,F组腹腔注射生理盐水。连续给药7天。
表7
观察和检测:
1)每天观察小鼠状态,腹部膨隆,皮毛光泽状态,活动性,测量小鼠体重和腹围。
2)给药结束后第2天(D12),眼静脉丛采血,取20ul按白细胞计数法进行白细胞计数。颈椎脱位法处死小鼠,用无菌注射器抽取每只小鼠的腹水,并记录腹水量和腹水的颜色。取1-2ml腹水离心,收上清保存用于后续检测细胞因子。
3)平均腹水量计算腹水抑制率(%)=(1-治疗组平均腹水量/对照组平均腹水量)×100。
试验结果:
1)所有实验小鼠除C组4只、D组一只和F组一只小鼠提前死亡外均存活至D12天,各组小鼠体重见图7,其中顺铂治疗组与对照组因肿瘤负荷和腹水量最大,体重最高。
2)各治疗组小鼠腹水量见图8,腹水颜色分别为A组淡红色7只,一只土黄色;B组血性3只和淡红色4只,及一只乳白色;C组存活的四只小鼠三只血性,一只乳白色;D组三只血性;E组多见淡红或乳白色腹水;而F组全部存活小鼠均为血性腹水。其中BSG+CTX联合给药组腹水量最低,治疗效果最优,其次为BSG+DDP及BSG单纯给药组,结果证实BSG单纯用药或联合用药均可得到优于对照药物的腹水控制效果。另外,从白细胞计数来看,CTX和联合用药组细胞数量最低(见图9)。从腹水细胞数量来看,BSG单纯用药组腹水细胞数量较高(见图10),表明其控制腹水的原理并非完全通过抑制癌细胞增殖达到。
另外,图11为各实验组小鼠平均腹围大小,其中D6天后腹围最小的三个实验组分别为赛正+CTX,赛正+顺铂,和赛正,由此同样可得到赛正单纯或联合用药优于对照药物的腹水控制效果的结论。
3)各组小鼠腹水抑制率统计见下表8,其中赛正联合用药组腹水抑制效果最好,其次为赛正单纯用药组,结论与2)一致。其中,顺铂单独抑制腹水效果不足,和赛正联合使用后,腹水量明显减少。
表8
分组 | 腹水量 | SD | SE | 腹水抑制率 |
A.BSG | 2.71 | 0.66 | 0.23 | 65.2% |
B.CTX | 2.84 | 1.23 | 0.44 | 63.5% |
C.DDP | 5.63 | 2.99 | 1.49 | 27.9% |
D.BSG+CTX | 1.12 | 0.68 | 0.28 | 85.7% |
E.BSG+DDP | 1.80 | 1.68 | 0.60 | 76.9% |
F.N.S | 7.80 | 1.31 | 0.53 | 0.0% |
总的来说,联合用药组和BSG但存给药组比对照药物组有更好的腹水控制效果。
试验例5
女,80岁,两年前确诊为胃癌后进行手术切除(切除时确认有淋巴节转移)。近期确诊为胃癌复发,并伴有肝和肺转移。后病情发展,不适合手术及放、化疗治疗,并出现严重MPE,导致呼吸困难、食欲降低,每天可抽出800-1000ml 血性胸水,长时间卧床。
医生在患者知情的情况下,向患者使用聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)、卡那霉素和钙离子组合物,以每两天肌肉注射2000mg的给药剂量治疗,以期恢复患者免疫功能,减缓癌症进展。7日剂量(14天治疗)后,患者血性胸水浓度逐渐变清,胸水量逐渐减少。9日剂量(18天治疗)后,获得MPE完全缓解,增加活动性并恢复食欲。
试验例6
女,54岁,确诊为复发性乳腺导管癌,伴有肺转移,近期发展出现MPE。在患者知情同意下,医生每三天向患者皮下注射1000mg聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸(PIC)、卡那霉素和钙离子组合物治疗。接收治疗两周后,患者MPE有明显缓解,血性胸水量逐渐减少,血色变淡。经21天治疗(7剂)后,MPE完全消失,并且活动性增加。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
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Claims (12)
1.一种免疫调节组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗恶性积液的药物中的用途,其中所述组合物包含:
a) 1.0-2.0 g/L的聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸;
b) 600-1500IU的卡那霉素/毫克聚核糖肌苷-聚核糖胞苷酸;和
c) 0.1-5.0mmol/L的氯化钙;
其中所述恶性积液选自恶性胸腔积液和恶性腹水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步含有抗癌剂,所述抗癌剂为化疗药物或抗癌单克隆抗体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含药学上可接受的载体、佐剂或赋形剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述赋形剂为稀释剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含抗原,其中所述抗原选自肿瘤抗原、植物抗原、动物抗原或微生物抗原。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述微生物抗原为病毒抗原。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物通过胃肠道外注射、肌肉注射、腹腔注射、胸腔注射、静脉注射、皮下注射、心包内注射、经呼吸道吸入、局部、透皮或皮内施用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述局部施用为直肠内、阴道内、经鼻、经口、经眼施用。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述恶性积液由起源于肺、淋巴、肝、胃、结肠、乳腺、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胆管、食道、脑、鼻或前列腺的原发性肿瘤引起。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述恶性积液由起源于肺、淋巴、肝、胃、肠、乳腺、卵巢癌的原发癌,转移至胸腔引起。
11.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述恶性积液由起源于卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胆管、食道、肝的原发癌,转移至腹腔引起。
12.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物在胸腔引流术、胸腔穿刺术、临时或永久胸膜导管插入、肋膜通条、心包管腔内的支架或有孔引流、或分流术的过程中给予。
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US11020419B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
US20190328767A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
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CN107875168A (zh) | 2018-04-06 |
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