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CN107806837B - Non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measuring method - Google Patents

Non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measuring method Download PDF

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CN107806837B
CN107806837B CN201711032354.4A CN201711032354A CN107806837B CN 107806837 B CN107806837 B CN 107806837B CN 201711032354 A CN201711032354 A CN 201711032354A CN 107806837 B CN107806837 B CN 107806837B
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wrist joint
hand
forearm
axis
coordinate system
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CN107806837A (en
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李剑锋
高亚楠
张雷雨
张春召
李国通
张凯
周帅锋
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measuring method, and belongs to the technical field of human-machine engineering and measurement. The invention comprises the following three steps: (1) collecting motion data of a wrist joint: the forearms and the arms are respectively bound with a flange, each flange is attached with four marking points, in order to prevent the marking points from interfering with each other, the flanges of the forearms and the hands are far away from the wrist joints as far as possible, and the flanges of the forearms are fixed on the lifting platform. (2) Establishing a wrist joint axis motion model: regarding forearms and hands as rigid bodies, and establishing a 2-degree-of-freedom spatial link mechanism; (3) solving the pose of the wrist joint motion axis: and constructing a space vector closed-loop equation through the collected wrist joint motion data, and then optimizing parameters of an axis motion model of the wrist joint by using a matlab optimization tool box. The method can accurately obtain the axis pose of the wrist joint movement at a certain moment, and provides a theoretical basis for artificial limb design and the design of a wrist joint rehabilitation device.

Description

Non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measuring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of human engineering and measurement, in particular to a non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measurement method.
Background
In the fields of human engineering and measurement, a model of wrist joint axis motion is of great importance, and the wrist joint model is found to be two inclined and non-intersecting axes through the examination of documents, namely a certain included angle and a certain distance exist between the wrist joint flexion and extension axes and the wrist joint retraction and extension axes. The establishment of the wrist joint model can provide a theoretical basis for design for the artificial limb and the wrist joint rehabilitation device on one hand, and can also be used as an input number to evaluate the functionality of the human wrist joint. Current wrist joint measurement methods are classified into invasive and non-invasive. Invasive measurement is usually performed by directly applying a mark point to a bone, and is generally less acceptable due to the greater harm to the human body. The non-invasive measurement adopts the way that the mark point is attached to the surface of the skin of the human body for measurement, so the non-invasive measurement reduces the harm to the human body in a certain degree, but the non-invasive measurement is greatly influenced by the skin movement.
It has been found by comparison with the prior art documents that the following problems exist in the current measurement for non-invasive wrist joints: (1) regarding the wrist joint as hooke's pair with perpendicular intersecting axes, as the measuring method in patent CN 1748642a for non-invasive measurement of human arm joint; (2) influence of skin movement on measurement is ignored in the measurement process; the invention not only can accurately measure the model of the wrist joint movement axis, but also greatly reduces the interference caused by skin movement in the measurement process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measuring method aiming at integrating the defects of the existing wrist joint measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measurement method, comprising: the method comprises the steps of collecting wrist joint motion data, establishing a wrist joint axis model and solving the wrist joint axis motion model.
Firstly, acquiring wrist joint movement data: the hand flange (2) pasted with 4 marking points is bound with the hand, an elastic pad is added between the hand and the hand flange (2), the forearm flange (1) pasted with 4 marking points fixes the forearm on the lifting platform, and the elastic pad is added between the forearm and the forearm flange (1). Establishing a forearm local coordinate system O through 4 marking points on a forearm flange (1)1(9) Establishing a hand local coordinate system O by 4 marking points on the hand flange (2)2(10) In the method, the position coordinates of 8 mark points are obtained through a vicon system capture system. The data of each marker point is the coordinates under a fixed coordinate system O (11).
Secondly, establishing a wrist joint motion model: the wrist joint is a generalized two-degree-of-freedom joint, namely a flexion/extension axis (FE) and a retraction/extension axis (RUD) of the motion of the wrist joint are continuously changed in space, the flexion/extension axis (FE) and the retraction/extension axis (RUD) are approximately positioned near a head-shaped bone, in order to solve the motion axis pose of the wrist joint, a wrist joint model is established into two axes with inclined axes which are not intersected, the forearm and the hand are regarded as rigid bodies, and finally a two-degree-of-freedom parameterized space link mechanism is established;
thirdly, solving the pose of the axis of the wrist joint: according to the motion invariance of the mark points on the rigid body relative to the rigid body during the rigid body motion, coordinate data of the mark points of the front arm and the hand during the motion are collected through a vicon optical motion capture system, a constraint equation is established through establishing a space vector closed loop, and a genetic algorithm optimization tool box in matlab is used for identifying relevant parameters of the wrist joint model.
Each of the above steps is described in detail below.
1) Data measurement
The forearm of a tester is fixed on the lifting platform (13) through a forearm flange (1), an elastic pad is arranged between the forearm and the forearm flange (1), the hand of the tester is fixed through a hand flange (2), and the elastic pad is also added between the hand and the hand flange (2). In order to enable the vicon optical motion capture system to accurately acquire the mark points and avoid the occurrence of point loss, the forearm flange (1) and the hand flange (2) are far away from the wrist joint as far as possible.
In the experimental process, when flexion and extension are used for collecting motion data, the plane of the restraint guide rail (3) and the guide rod (4) are overlapped with a third metacarpal bone of the hand of a human body, and after the fastening screw (5) is screwed down, the wrist moves from flexion to extension and reciprocates for three periods. When data are collected in the folding and unfolding process, the restraint guide rail (3) is overturned for 90 degrees and is inserted into the support frame (12) through the sliding block, the plane of the restraint guide rail (3) is flush with the third metacarpal bone, after the fastening screw (5) is screwed down, the wrist moves outwards in the folding and unfolding process in three reciprocating periods.
The positions of the four marking points (6) of the forearm and the four marking points (7) of the hand can be accurately acquired by using the vicon optical motion capture system. These position data are described under a fixed coordinate system O (11), and the fixed coordinate system O (11) is determined by the vicon system. As shown in FIG. 3, the four marking points (6) of the forearm determine the forearm local coordinate system O1(9) Determining the hand part by four mark points (7) of the hand partLocal coordinate system O2(10)。
Marking 8 marking points as PiThe position of each mark point is (x)iyizi) I denotes the number of the mark point, i is 1,2, 8, and the x, y, z axes of the fixed coordinate system O (11) are Ox、 Oy、OzDenotes the local coordinate system O of the forearm1(9) Has an origin of O1And the x, y and z axes are each O1x、O1y、O1zIs shown, in which:
Figure BDA0001449541380000031
in the formula P1Representing the position coordinates of the first marking point of the forearm, P2Representing the position coordinates of a second marking point of the forearm, P3Indicating the position coordinate of the third point of the forearm, P4The position coordinates of the fourth marker point of the forearm are indicated.
Local coordinate system O of hand2(10) Has an origin of O2And the x, y and z axes are each O2x、O2y、 O2zIs shown, in which:
Figure BDA0001449541380000041
in the formula P5Indicating the position coordinates of the first marking point of the hand, P6Indicating the position coordinates of the second marking point of the hand, P7Position coordinates, P, representing the third marking point of the hand8Indicating the position coordinates of the fourth hand marker point.
Local reference system of forearm O1(9) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure BDA0001449541380000042
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0001449541380000043
local reference system of hand O2(10) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure BDA0001449541380000044
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0001449541380000045
2) establishing a wrist joint model:
establishing a two-degree-of-freedom parameterized spatial link mechanism by establishing a human body wrist joint model as two axes with inclined and disjoint axes, wherein the included angle between the two axes is α and the distance is d, and taking the forearm and the hand as rigid bodies, and defining (m)1,l1) Is a flexion/extension axis (FE) relative to a forearm reference frame O1(9) Position and pose of (m)2l2) Relative hand reference coordinate system O for a retraction/extension axis (RUD)2(10) The pose of (1). Direction of axis of flexion/extension (FE) < i >1(1a1b1) Indicating the direction of the retraction/extension axis (RUD) < i >2(a2b21) The point of intersection between the two axes and the common vertical line is denoted as m1(m1xm1ym1z) And m2(m2xm2ym2z). The pose of the flexion/extension axis relative to the fixed coordinate system O (11) is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0001449541380000051
the pose of the roll/unwind axis (RUD) with respect to the fixed coordinate system O (11) is:
Figure BDA0001449541380000052
3) wrist joint motion axis pose solving method
The data collected by the vicon motion capture system are only the coordinate values of the landmark points and therefore require further data processing. In the process of wrist joint movement, the position and posture of the flexion-extension axis and the extension axis are changed instantaneously, and in order to obtain the position and posture relation between the flexion-extension axis and the extension axis at the time t, the position and posture of the axis is solved by using a constructed space closed vector ring as a constraint equation.
As shown in fig. 4, the following relationships exist for the respective vectors:
Figure BDA0001449541380000053
all vectors have to be computed under a fixed coordinate system O (11), which is obtained according to equation (7) due to the error e:
Figure BDA0001449541380000054
and (4) data of flexion and extension in one period T are brought in, and the genetic algorithm in the matlab optimization tool box is used for identifying relevant parameters of the wrist joint model, so that the value of delta is minimum.
Figure BDA0001449541380000055
Finally, the parameter to be identified is l1(1 a1b1)、l2(a2b21)、m1(m1xm1ym1z)、 m2(m2xm2ym2z) And d, taking the finally obtained results into the formulas (5) and (6) to obtain the numerical values of the pose of the wrist joint flexion/extension and contraction/expansion axes under a fixed coordinate system O (11) at a certain time t, and calculating the distance and the included angle between the flexion/extension (FE) and the contraction/expansion axes (RUD).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. According to the method, a wrist joint model is established as two oblique and disjoint axes, and a more accurate wrist joint motion model is obtained through data processing;
2. the existing wrist joint method does not fully consider the error caused by skin movement in the measuring process, the method fully considers the influence caused by skin movement, utilizes the mark points to be attached to the flange, and then fixes the flange to the hand and the forearm of a human body through the elastic cushion, thereby effectively solving the problem of the error caused by the skin in the measuring process of the wrist joint;
3. practice shows that the method can effectively identify the parameters of the wrist joint motion model, is simple and is an effective non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measurement method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of wrist joint motion detection.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wrist axis motion model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of coordinate system establishment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of wrist joint axis pose calculation.
In fig. 1-4: 1-forearm flange, 2-hand flange, 3-constrained guide rail, 4-guide rod, 5-fastening screw, 6-forearm mark point, 7-hand mark point, 8-slide block, 9-forearm reference system, 10-hand reference system, 11-fixed coordinate system, 12-support frame, 13-lifting platform, FE-bending/stretching axis and RUD-folding/stretching axis.
Detailed Description
Examples
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. data measurement
As shown in fig. 1, 8 markers are attached to the hand and forearm of the tester, and the positions of the 8 markers are captured by a vicon optical motion capture system. Taking flexion and extension as an example, in the experimental process, when the flexion/extension data is collected, the wrist moves from flexion to extension and reciprocates for three periods.
At time t, the positions of the 8 marking points are:
P1(235.6984 219.5886 960.4167),P2(236.211 295.7337 957.716),
P3(194.9982 258.908 957.5391),P4(273.4254 256.3104 959.5434),
P5(180.4009 409.6366 942.4073),P6(233.7286 467.6213 947.0558),
P7(235.792 412.195 946.8046),P8(178.0265 466.1292 942.5173)。
obtaining a local coordinate system O of the forearm by the formula (1)1(9) Origin of (2):
O1(235.0832257.6352958.8038) the x, y, z axes are: o is1x(0.9991,-0.0331,0.0255) O1y(0.0340 0.9988 -0.0348)、O1z(-0.0244 0.0356 0.9991)。
Local coordinate system O of hand2(10) Has an origin of O2(206.9870438.8955944.6963) the x, y and z axes are O2x(-0.7299 0.6815 -0.0542)、O2y(0.6789 0.7318 0.0591)、 O2z(0.0799 0.0064 -0.9968)。
Local reference system of forearm O1(9) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure BDA0001449541380000074
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0001449541380000071
local reference system of hand O2(10) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure BDA0001449541380000072
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0001449541380000073
2. establishing a wrist joint model:
as shown in fig. 2, the wrist joint model of human body is established as two axes with inclined axes not intersecting each other, the included angle between the two axes is α, the distance is d, the forearm and the hand are regarded as rigid bodies, a two-degree-of-freedom parameterized spatial link mechanism is established, and definition is given (l)1m1) Is a flexion/extension axis (FE) relative to a forearm reference frame O1(9) Position and posture of (l)2m2) For the retraction/extension axis (RUD) relative to the hand reference frame O2(10) The pose of (1). Direction of flexion/extension axis (9) is indicated by1(1 a1b1) Indicating the direction of the contraction/expansion axis (RUD) by2(a2b21) The point of intersection between the two axes and the common vertical line is denoted as m1(m1xm1ym1z) And m2(m2xm2ym2z). The pose of the bending/stretching axis (FE) relative to the fixed coordinate system O can be obtained by the formulas (5) and (6)
Figure BDA0001449541380000081
Pose of the roll/unwind axis (RUD) with respect to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure BDA0001449541380000082
The data collected by the vicon motion capture system are only the coordinate values of the landmark points and therefore require further data processing. In the process of wrist joint movement, the position and posture of the flexion-extension axis and the extension axis are changed instantaneously, and in order to obtain the position and posture relation between the flexion-extension axis and the extension axis at the time t, the position and posture of the axis is solved by using a constructed space closed vector ring as a constraint equation.
As shown in fig. 4, the following relationships exist for the respective vectors in the figure:
Figure BDA0001449541380000083
all vectors have to be computed under a fixed coordinate system O (11), which is obtained according to the above equation due to the error e:
Figure BDA0001449541380000084
and (4) bringing the data of flexion and extension in one period T into the data, and identifying relevant parameters of the wrist joint model by using a genetic algorithm in the matlab toolbox so as to minimize the value of delta.
Figure BDA0001449541380000085
Finally, the parameter result m of identification1(-14.78115029 116.0295361 -56.52210627)、 m2(-54.16107293 -35.84456843 58.06368374)
l1(1 -53.30903462 14.976680811)l2The results of the identification are expressed in equations (5) and (6) (-68.578380540.92556321) and d (7.436956691), and the values of the poses of the wrist flexion/extension axis (FE) and the flexion/extension axis (RUD) in the fixed coordinate system O (11) are obtained, and the distances between the flexion/extension axis (FE) and the flexion/extension axis (RUD) are 7.436956691mm and the included angle is 83.2312 °.

Claims (4)

1. A non-invasive wrist joint axis motion model measurement method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of collecting wrist joint motion data, establishing a wrist joint axis model and solving the wrist joint axis motion model;
firstly, acquiring wrist joint movement data: binding a hand flange (2) pasted with 4 marking points with a hand, adding an elastic pad between the hand and the hand flange (2), fixing a forearm on a lifting table by a forearm flange (1) pasted with 4 marking points, and adding an elastic pad between the forearm and the forearm flange (1); establishing a forearm local coordinate system O through 4 marking points on a forearm flange (1)1(9) Establishing a hand local coordinate system O by 4 marking points on the hand flange (2)2(10) The method comprises the steps of obtaining position coordinates of 8 mark points through a vicon system capture system; the data of each marker point is the coordinates under a fixed coordinate system O (11);
secondly, establishing a wrist joint motion model: the wrist joint is a generalized two-degree-of-freedom joint, namely a bending/extending axis and a folding/extending axis of the motion of the wrist joint are constantly changed in space, the bending/extending axis and the folding/extending axis are approximately positioned near a skull, in order to solve the motion axis pose of the wrist joint, a wrist joint model is established as two axes with inclined axes which are not intersected, a forearm and a hand are regarded as rigid bodies, and finally a two-degree-of-freedom parameterized space connecting rod mechanism is established;
thirdly, solving the pose of the axis of the wrist joint: according to the motion invariance of the mark points on the rigid body relative to the rigid body during the rigid body motion, coordinate data of the mark points of the front arm and the hand during the motion are collected through a vicon optical motion capture system, a constraint equation is established through constructing a space vector closed loop, and a genetic algorithm optimization tool box in matlab is used for identifying relevant parameters of a wrist joint model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the forearm of a tester is fixed on the lifting platform (13) through a forearm flange (1), an elastic pad is arranged between the forearm and the forearm flange (1), the hand of the tester is fixed through a hand flange (2), and the elastic pad is also added between the hand and the hand flange (2); in order to enable the vicon optical motion capture system to accurately acquire the mark points and avoid the occurrence of point loss, the forearm flange (1) and the hand flange (2) are far away from the wrist joint;
in the experimental process, when flexion and extension are used for collecting motion data, the plane of the restraint guide rail (3) and the guide rod (4) are overlapped with a third metacarpal bone of the hand of a human body, and after the fastening screw (5) is screwed down, the wrist moves from flexion to extension and reciprocates for three periods; when data are collected in a folding and unfolding mode, the restraint guide rail (3) is turned by 90 degrees and is inserted into the support frame (12) through the sliding block, the plane of the restraint guide rail (3) is flush with the third metacarpal bone, and after the fastening screw (5) is screwed down, the wrist moves from inside to outside in an unfolding mode and reciprocates for three periods;
the positions of four marking points (6) of the forearm and four marking points (7) of the hand can be accurately acquired by using a vicon optical motion capture system; these position data are described under a fixed coordinate system O (11), the fixed coordinate system O (11) being determined by the vicon system; four marking points (6) of the forearm determine the local coordinate system O of the forearm1(9) Determining a hand local coordinate system O by four mark points (7) of the hand2(10);
Marking 8 marking points as PiThe position of each mark point is (x)iyizi) I denotes the number of the mark point, i is 1,2, 8, and O is used for each of the x, y, and z axes of the fixed coordinate system O (11)x、Oy、OzDenotes the local coordinate system O of the forearm1(9) Has an origin of O1And the x, y and z axes are each O1x、O1y、O1zIs shown in which:
Figure FDA0002230120980000021
In the formula P1Representing the position coordinates of the first marking point of the forearm, P2Representing the position coordinates of a second marking point of the forearm, P3Indicating the position coordinate of the third point of the forearm, P4Representing the position coordinates of a fourth mark point of the forearm;
local coordinate system O of hand2(10) Has an origin of O2And the x, y and z axes are each O2x、O2y、O2zIs shown, in which:
Figure FDA0002230120980000031
in the formula P5Indicating the position coordinates of the first marking point of the hand, P6Indicating the position coordinates of the second marking point of the hand, P7Position coordinates, P, representing the third marking point of the hand8The position coordinates of a fourth mark point of the hand are represented;
local reference system of forearm O1(9) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure FDA0002230120980000032
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0002230120980000033
local reference system of hand O2(10) Rotation matrix relative to a fixed coordinate system O (11)
Figure FDA0002230120980000034
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0002230120980000035
3. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wrist joint model of human body is constructed by two non-intersecting oblique axes with an included angle of α and a distance d, and the forearm and hand are used as rigid bodies to construct a two-degree-of-freedom parameterized spatial linkage mechanism, and the definition (m) is defined by1,l1) Is a flexion/extension axis (FE) relative to a forearm reference frame O1(9) Position and pose of (m)2l2) Is a retraction/extension axis (RUD) relative to a hand reference coordinate system O2(10) The pose of (a); direction of axis of flexion/extension (FE) < i >1(1 a1b1) Indicating the direction of the contraction/expansion axis (RUD) by2(a2b21) The point of intersection between the two axes and the common vertical line is denoted as m1(m1xm1ym1z) And m2(m2xm2ym2z) (ii) a The pose of the flexion/extension axis relative to the fixed coordinate system O (11) is obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0002230120980000041
the pose of the roll/unwind axis (RUD) with respect to the fixed coordinate system O (11) is:
Figure FDA0002230120980000042
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: wrist joint motion axis pose solving method
The data acquired by the vicon motion capture system is only the coordinate values of the mark points, so that data processing is needed; in the process of wrist joint movement, the position and pose of the bending and stretching axis and the retracting axis are changed instantly, and in order to obtain the position and pose relation between the bending and stretching axis and the retracting axis at the moment t, a constructed space closed vector ring is used as a constraint equation to solve the position and pose of the axis;
the following relationships exist for each vector:
Figure FDA0002230120980000043
all vectors have to be computed under a fixed coordinate system O (11), which is obtained according to equation (7) due to the error e:
Figure FDA0002230120980000044
data of flexion and extension and contraction in a period T are brought in, and the genetic algorithm in the matlab optimization tool box is used for identifying relevant parameters of the wrist joint model, so that the value of delta is minimum;
Figure FDA0002230120980000045
finally, the parameter to be identified is l1(1 a1b1)、l2(a2b21)、m1(m1xm1ym1z)、m2(m2xm2ym2z) And d, taking the finally obtained results into the formula (5) and the formula (6) to obtain the numerical values of the pose of the wrist joint flexion/extension and contraction/expansion axes under a fixed coordinate system O (11) at a certain moment t, and obtaining the distance and the included angle between the flexion/extension (FE) and the contraction/expansion axes (RUD).
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