CN107793158A - 一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107793158A CN107793158A CN201711172176.5A CN201711172176A CN107793158A CN 107793158 A CN107793158 A CN 107793158A CN 201711172176 A CN201711172176 A CN 201711172176A CN 107793158 A CN107793158 A CN 107793158A
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Abstract
一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,属于多通道陶瓷膜技术领域。本发明制备的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜支撑体是以碳化硅微粉为骨料,石墨、硅溶胶、成型助剂为主要原料,按照一定比例混合,利用挤出机塑性挤出工艺成型、还原气氛高温烧结而成。本发明制备的碳化硅多通道支撑体具有孔径分布均匀、气孔率高、通量大、耐强酸强碱腐蚀等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多通道陶瓷膜技术领域,具体涉及一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺。
背景技术
陶瓷膜(ceramic membrane)又称无机陶瓷膜,是以无机陶瓷材料经特殊工艺制备而形成的非对称膜。陶瓷膜管壁密布微孔,在压力作用下,原料液在膜管内或膜外侧流动,小分子物质(或液体)透过膜,大分子物质(或固体)被膜截留,从而达到分离、浓缩、纯化和环保等目的。陶瓷膜具有分离效率高、效果稳定等优势,已经成功应用于食品、饮料、植(药)物深加工、生物医药、发酵、精细化工等众多领域,可用于工艺过程中的分离、澄清、纯化、浓缩、除菌、除盐等。但是,现有技术领域和工业制造中生产的陶瓷膜的孔径分布、气孔率、通量及耐强酸强碱腐蚀等方面的性能尚有不足。
申请人经过长期实验,发明了一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,制得的陶瓷膜具有孔径分布均匀、气孔率高、通量大、耐强酸强碱腐蚀等优点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,制得的陶瓷膜具有孔径分布均匀、气孔率高、通量大、耐强酸强碱腐蚀等优点。本发明解决的第二个技术问题是通过改造该工艺涉及的挤出机,能够单次同时输出大体积物料,且输出量能够智能控制,输入填充物料靠负压吸引,充分利用活塞回程对挤出料筒进行物料填充,大幅度提升生产效率,提高陶瓷膜的成品率。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:发明所述的一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)准备成型碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料;
(2)将碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料制成泥料,包括如下步骤:
<1>将固体粉料加入到三维混料机中,混合均匀;
<2>将液体原料混合成乳浊液待用;
<3>将混合好的乳浊液均匀加入到捏合机中,与固体粉料捏合,直至成为高塑性泥料;
<4>将混合好的泥料放入密闭的容器中,保存至恒温恒湿的密闭空间中陈腐24-48h,充分均化,保证泥料均匀;
(3)将混合好的泥料挤出成型,制得坯体,工艺步骤如下:
碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜支撑体采用挤出成型工艺,挤出机的挤出速度为1-2m/min,挤出温度控制在10-35℃,挤出环境湿度控制在40-70%;挤出成型过程中,使用表面有大量气孔的楔形铝材支撑;楔形铝材与平面夹角在30-60℃之间,铝材四周密封,通过管路与压缩空气相连,压缩空气均匀的从气孔中排出,使坯体与铝材之间形成空气层,减少坯体行进过程中产生的摩擦阻力,保证产品的直度及表面光洁度;
(4)对坯体进行干燥;
所述干燥作业顺序包括自然干燥和微波干燥;
所述自然干燥包括如下操作步骤:首先将挤出的坯体放置在表面铺设纤维布的定型托架上,然后将定型托架放置到转运货车上转运至恒温恒湿的晾干房中进行晾干;晾干房的温度控制在10-35℃之间,湿度控制在40-85%之间;当水分损失达到50%以上时,进入微波干燥工序进行干燥;
所述微波干燥工序的干燥时间为10-50min;
(5)将干燥好的坯体切割到指定尺寸,然后放置到高温窑炉中烧制,烧成温度在1300-1500℃之间,保温时间3-10h。
优选的,在上述步骤(1)中,多通道支撑体原料的构成原料包括固体粉料和液体原料,其中:
固体粉料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
碳化硅微粉 80-95份;
石墨 1-3份;
硅溶胶 1-3份;
造孔剂 2-10份;
成型助剂 1-4份;
液体原料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
蒸馏水 20-45份;
润滑剂 1-8份;
所述的液体原料的添加量占固体粉料的重量百分比为10-20%。
优选的,所述的硅溶胶的固含量为25~32%。
优选的,所述的碳化硅微粉的中位粒径为10-30μm。
优选的,造孔剂包括淀粉、石墨粉、木炭粉或活性炭粉。
优选的,石墨为含碳量85-99.9%、粒度32-800目的天然鳞片石墨和/或石墨粉和/或石墨乳。
优选的,成型助剂包括聚氧化乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙级甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇或聚丙烯酰胺。
优选的,润滑剂包括甘油、硅油、豆油、阿拉伯树脂或油酸。
优选的,所述挤出机包括三支以上的挤出料筒,所述挤出料筒包括进料端和出料端,所述进料端设置进口,所述出料端设置出口;在挤出料筒中设置挤出装置,所述挤出装置包括活塞、挤出杆和挤出杆驱动机构,所述挤出杆驱动机构连接挤出杆,所述挤出杆从进口插入挤出料筒中,在挤出料筒中设置活塞,挤出杆连接活塞;所述挤出杆驱动机构能够驱动挤出杆伸缩并推动活塞将物料从出口推出;还包括挤出头,所述挤出头能够连接两个或两个以上的出口,令被连接的挤出料筒内的物料能够从挤出头一并挤出;
所述进口处设置密封环板,所述密封环板上开设插孔,所述挤出杆通过插孔进入挤出料筒中连接活塞;在密封环板上开设气压调节孔;活塞向出口方向运动时,外部气体能够通过气压调节孔进入挤出料筒;活塞向进口方向运动时,挤出料筒中的气体能够通过气压调节孔排出到外界。
优选的,所述挤出机还包括水冷装置,所述水冷装置包括三个以上的水冷外套,所述水冷外套套装在挤出料筒的外围,水冷外套中设置水冷循环管路,各水冷外套中的水冷循环管路并联设置,各水冷循环管路的进水口连接进水总管,各水冷循环管路的出水口连接出水总管;在各水冷循环管路的进水口处设置进水分阀门,在进水总管上设置进水总阀门;
所述挤出机还包括负压抽吸物料填充器;在挤出料筒的出料端设置抽吸进料孔,所述负压抽吸物料填充器安装在抽吸进料孔上;
所述负压抽吸物料填充器包括自动开关阀门、导料管和料仓;所述导料管的一端通过抽吸进料孔联通挤出料筒的内部空间,导料管的另一端联通料仓;所述自动开关阀门安装在导料管上,自动开关阀门能够开启或者封闭导料管;当活塞向出口方向运动时,自动开关阀门封闭导料管;当活塞向进口方向运动时,自动开关阀门开启导料管,料仓中的物料在负压作用下被抽吸到挤出料筒中;
所述自动开关阀门包括阀门本体、阀门开关驱动装置和滑动导向装置;所述滑动导向装置包括滑轨和滑块,所述滑轨设置在挤出料筒上,滑块设置在阀门本体上,所述滑块设置在滑轨中并能沿滑轨移动,当阀门本体移至上限位时能够关闭导料管,当阀门本体移至下限位时能够开启导料管;所述阀门开关驱动装置包括牵引机和牵引绳,所述牵引绳的上端连接牵引机,牵引绳的下端连接阀门本体,所述牵引机通过收放牵引绳能够带动阀门本体的移动;
所述滑动导向装置还包括阀门平衡装置,所述阀门平衡装置包括平衡杆和左、右拉簧,在阀门本体上开设左、右拉簧孔,在左、右拉簧孔中分别设置左、右导杆;所述左、右拉簧中分别设置在左、右拉簧孔中且套装在左、右导杆中;左、右拉簧的底部连接固定左、右拉簧孔的底部;平衡杆的左、右两端分别插入左、右拉簧孔中并与左、右拉簧的上端相连;平衡杆的左、右两端设置导向孔且通过导向孔分别套装在左、右导杆上;在阀门本体的中部设置上、下夹持弧块,所述平衡杆的中部设置环形凹槽,平衡杆的环形凹槽设置在上、下夹持弧块之间;所述牵引绳包括左、右绳体,所述牵引机包括左、右牵引机;左、右绳体的上端分别连接左、右牵引机,左、右绳体的下端分别连接平衡杆的左、右两端并能通过牵引平衡杆带动阀门本体上下移动
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明制备的多通道陶瓷膜支撑体是以碳化硅为主要原料,采用塑性挤出成型工艺技术,通过自然干燥与微波干燥相结合的方式进行干燥,采用高温窑炉在还原气氛下进行烧成制得。
本发明将硅溶胶、石墨、造孔剂、成型助剂进行混合,制备过程简单,制备的产品纯度高、孔径分布均匀、通量大、耐酸碱腐蚀性强。与市场上流通的氧化铝多通道陶瓷膜相比,水通量可提高20%以上,耐酸碱腐蚀达到99.8%以上。
2、本发明采用硅溶胶、石墨与碳化硅微粉结合,降低了烧成温度,提高了产品的耐酸碱性腐蚀,提高了产品的过滤通量。
3、现有技术主要采用粘土类的原料作为烧结助剂,有玻璃相生成,烧成温度低,但耐腐蚀性差,在强酸强碱条件下无法长时间使用,使用寿命短。碳化硅材料本身具有耐酸碱性的特点,在制备过程中不会产生液相,孔径分布均匀,过滤通量高,因此本发明采用碳化硅作为骨料,硅溶胶与石墨烧结成碳化硅的同时与碳化硅骨料实现结合的方式提高了产品的性能。
4、本发明在陶瓷膜支撑体制备过程中,有机粘结剂的引入大大提高了挤出效率、减少坯体基础过程中的变形,减少干燥不均匀导致的烧成开裂问题,提高产品的合格率。
5、本发明与现有氧化铝陶瓷膜支撑体相比,水通量提高20%以上,水通量达到6m3/h以上,耐酸碱性达到99.8%以上,整体性能都得到很好的提升。
6、本发明所述挤出机能够单次同时输出大体量物料,且通过挤出头连接不同数量的挤出料筒出口,实现输出量的智能控制;此外,向挤出料筒中输入填充物料靠负压吸引,充分利用活塞回程对挤出料筒进行物料填充,大幅度提升生产效率。
7、通过牵引机通过收放牵引绳能够带动阀门本体的移动,但是在实际使用过程中,左右的牵引力总存在差别,左右牵引绳的长度出现差异,导致阀门本体的左右两侧出现不平衡的状态,令阀门本体无法有效封闭导料管,造成设备故障。因此,申请人设计了阀门平衡装置,通过左右拉簧的牵引令左、右牵引绳始终处于涨紧状态,在牵引力出现差别时,平衡杆出现倾斜,但阀门本体始终保持左右平衡状态,令其沿滑轨顺滑移动,且能够完全密封住导料管。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述挤出机实施例一的结构示意图;
图2是本发明所述挤出机实施例二的结构示意图;
图3是所述挤出机的自动开关阀门的结构示意图;
图中:1、挤出杆驱动机构;2、挤出杆;3、进口;4、气压调节孔;5、活塞;6、进水总管;7、水冷外套;8、挤出料筒;9、出口;10、挤出头;11、出水总管;12、自动开关阀门;13、抽吸进料孔;14、牵引绳;15、滑轨;16、左拉簧孔;17、左导杆;18、左拉簧;19、平衡杆;20、下夹持弧块;21、环形凹槽;22、上夹持弧块;23、右拉簧孔;24、右导杆;25、右拉簧。
具体实施方式
发明所述的一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)准备成型碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料;
(2)将碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料制成泥料,包括如下步骤:
<1>将固体粉料加入到三维混料机中,混合均匀;
<2>将液体原料混合成乳浊液待用;
<3>将混合好的乳浊液均匀加入到捏合机中,与固体粉料捏合,直至成为高塑性泥料;
<4>将混合好的泥料放入密闭的容器中,保存至恒温恒湿的密闭空间中陈腐24-48h,充分均化,保证泥料均匀;
(3)将混合好的泥料挤出成型,制得坯体,工艺步骤如下:
碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜支撑体采用挤出成型工艺,挤出机的挤出速度为1-2m/min,挤出温度控制在10-35℃,挤出环境湿度控制在40-70%;挤出成型过程中,使用表面有大量气孔的楔形铝材支撑;楔形铝材与平面夹角在30-60℃之间,铝材四周密封,通过管路与压缩空气相连,压缩空气均匀的从气孔中排出,使坯体与铝材之间形成空气层,减少坯体行进过程中产生的摩擦阻力,保证产品的直度及表面光洁度;
(4)对坯体进行干燥;
所述干燥作业顺序包括自然干燥和微波干燥;
所述自然干燥包括如下操作步骤:首先将挤出的坯体放置在表面铺设纤维布的定型托架上,然后将定型托架放置到转运货车上转运至恒温恒湿的晾干房中进行晾干;晾干房的温度控制在10-35℃之间,湿度控制在40-85%之间;当水分损失达到50%以上时,进入微波干燥工序进行干燥;
所述微波干燥工序的干燥时间为10-50min;
(5)将干燥好的坯体切割到指定尺寸,然后放置到高温窑炉中烧制,烧成温度在1300-1500℃之间,保温时间3-10h。
在上述步骤(1)中,多通道支撑体原料的构成原料包括固体粉料和液体原料,其中:
固体粉料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
碳化硅微粉 80-95份;
石墨 1-3份;
硅溶胶 1-3份;
造孔剂 2-10份;
成型助剂 1-4份;
液体原料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
蒸馏水 20-45份;
润滑剂 1-8份;
所述的液体原料的添加量占固体粉料的重量百分比为10-20%。
所述的硅溶胶的固含量为25~32%。
所述的碳化硅微粉的中位粒径为10-30μm。
造孔剂包括淀粉、石墨粉、木炭粉或活性炭粉。
石墨为含碳量85-99.9%、粒度32-800目的天然鳞片石墨和/或石墨粉和/或石墨乳。
成型助剂包括聚氧化乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙级甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇或聚丙烯酰胺。
润滑剂包括甘油、硅油、豆油、阿拉伯树脂或油酸。
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
具体实施例的原料成分及配比参见下表:
表一:固体粉料的具体实施例配料表:
成分 | 实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 |
碳化硅微粉 | 80份 | 88份 | 95份 |
石墨 | 1份 | 2.5份 | 3份 |
硅溶胶 | 1份 | 2份 | 3份 |
造孔剂 | 2份 | 5份 | 10份 |
成型助剂 | 1份 | 3份 | 4份 |
表二:液体原料的具体实施例配料表:
成分 | 实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 |
蒸馏水 | 20份 | 35份 | 45份 |
润滑剂 | 1份 | 5份 | 8份 |
实施例一
如图1所示,在实施例一中,本发明所述的多腔智能量控型挤出机,包括三支挤出料筒,所述挤出料筒包括进料端和出料端,所述进料端设置进口,所述出料端设置出口;在挤出料筒中设置挤出装置,所述挤出装置包括活塞、挤出杆和挤出杆驱动机构,所述挤出杆驱动机构连接挤出杆,所述挤出杆从进口插入挤出料筒中,在挤出料筒中设置活塞,挤出杆连接活塞;所述挤出杆驱动机构能够驱动挤出杆伸缩并推动活塞将物料从出口推出;还包括挤出头,所述挤出头能够连接两个或两个以上的出口,令被连接的挤出料筒内的物料能够从挤出头一并挤出。
所述进口处设置密封环板,所述密封环板上开设插孔,所述挤出杆通过插孔进入挤出料筒中连接活塞;在密封环板上开设气压调节孔;活塞向出口方向运动时,外部气体能够通过气压调节孔进入挤出料筒;活塞向进口方向运动时,挤出料筒中的气体能够通过气压调节孔排出到外界。
还包括水冷装置,所述水冷装置包括三个以上的水冷外套,所述水冷外套套装在挤出料筒的外围,水冷外套中设置水冷循环管路,各水冷外套中的水冷循环管路并联设置,各水冷循环管路的进水口连接进水总管,各水冷循环管路的出水口连接出水总管;在各水冷循环管路的进水口处设置进水分阀门,在进水总管上设置进水总阀门。
本发明能够单次同时输出大体量物料,且通过挤出头连接不同数量的挤出料筒出口,实现输出量的智能控制。
实施例二
如图2所示,在本实施例中还包括负压抽吸物料填充器;在挤出料筒的出料端设置抽吸进料孔,所述负压抽吸物料填充器安装在抽吸进料孔上。
所述负压抽吸物料填充器包括自动开关阀门、导料管和料仓;所述导料管的一端通过抽吸进料孔联通挤出料筒的内部空间,导料管的另一端联通料仓;所述自动开关阀门安装在导料管上,自动开关阀门能够开启或者封闭导料管;当活塞向出口方向运动时,自动开关阀门封闭导料管;当活塞向进口方向运动时,自动开关阀门开启导料管,料仓中的物料在负压作用下被抽吸到挤出料筒中。
如图3所示,所述自动开关阀门包括阀门本体、阀门开关驱动装置和滑动导向装置;所述滑动导向装置包括滑轨和滑块,所述滑轨设置在挤出料筒上,滑块设置在阀门本体上,所述滑块设置在滑轨中并能沿滑轨移动,当阀门本体移至上限位时能够关闭导料管,当阀门本体移至下限位时能够开启导料管;所述阀门开关驱动装置包括牵引机和牵引绳,所述牵引绳的上端连接牵引机,牵引绳的下端连接阀门本体,所述牵引机通过收放牵引绳能够带动阀门本体的移动。
所述滑动导向装置还包括阀门平衡装置,所述阀门平衡装置包括平衡杆和左、右拉簧,在阀门本体上开设左、右拉簧孔,在左、右拉簧孔中分别设置左、右导杆;所述左、右拉簧中分别设置在左、右拉簧孔中且套装在左、右导杆中;左、右拉簧的底部连接固定左、右拉簧孔的底部;平衡杆的左、右两端分别插入左、右拉簧孔中并与左、右拉簧的上端相连;平衡杆的左、右两端设置导向孔且通过导向孔分别套装在左、右导杆上;在阀门本体的中部设置上、下夹持弧块,所述平衡杆的中部设置环形凹槽,平衡杆的环形凹槽设置在上、下夹持弧块之间;所述牵引绳包括左、右绳体,所述牵引机包括左、右牵引机;左、右绳体的上端分别连接左、右牵引机,左、右绳体的下端分别连接平衡杆的左、右两端并能通过牵引平衡杆带动阀门本体上下移动。
本发明通过牵引机通过收放牵引绳能够带动阀门本体的移动,但是在实际使用过程中,左右的牵引力总存在差别,左右牵引绳的长度出现差异,导致阀门本体的左右两侧出现不平衡的状态,令阀门本体无法有效封闭导料管,造成设备故障。因此,申请人设计了阀门平衡装置,通过左右拉簧的牵引令左、右牵引绳始终处于涨紧状态,在牵引力出现差别时,平衡杆出现倾斜,但阀门本体始终保持左右平衡状态,令其沿滑轨顺滑移动,且能够完全密封住导料管。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以组合、变更或改型均为本发明的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)准备成型碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料;
(2)将碳化硅多通道支撑体的原料制成泥料,包括如下步骤:
<1>将固体粉料加入到三维混料机中,混合均匀;
<2>将液体原料混合成乳浊液待用;
<3>将混合好的乳浊液均匀加入到捏合机中,与固体粉料捏合,直至成为高塑性泥料;
<4>将混合好的泥料放入密闭的容器中,保存至恒温恒湿的密闭空间中陈腐24-48h,充分均化,保证泥料均匀;
(3)将混合好的泥料挤出成型,制得坯体,工艺步骤如下:
碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜支撑体采用挤出成型工艺,挤出机的挤出速度为1-2m/min,挤出温度控制在10-35℃,挤出环境湿度控制在40-70%;挤出成型过程中,使用表面有大量气孔的楔形铝材支撑;楔形铝材与平面夹角在30-60℃之间,铝材四周密封,通过管路与压缩空气相连,压缩空气均匀的从气孔中排出,使坯体与铝材之间形成空气层,减少坯体行进过程中产生的摩擦阻力,保证产品的直度及表面光洁度;
(4)对坯体进行干燥;
所述干燥作业顺序包括自然干燥和微波干燥;
所述自然干燥包括如下操作步骤:首先将挤出的坯体放置在表面铺设纤维布的定型托架上,然后将定型托架放置到转运货车上转运至恒温恒湿的晾干房中进行晾干;晾干房的温度控制在10-35℃之间,湿度控制在40-85%之间;当水分损失达到50%以上时,进入微波干燥工序进行干燥;
所述微波干燥工序的干燥时间为10-50min;
(5)将干燥好的坯体切割到指定尺寸,然后放置到高温窑炉中烧制,烧成温度在1300-1500℃之间,保温时间3-10h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:在上述步骤(1)中,多通道支撑体原料的构成原料包括固体粉料和液体原料,其中:
固体粉料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
碳化硅微粉 80-95份;
石墨 1-3份;
硅溶胶 1-3份;
造孔剂 2-10份;
成型助剂 1-4份;
液体原料以重量份数计算,包括以下成分:
蒸馏水 20-45份;
润滑剂 1-8份;
所述的液体原料的添加量占固体粉料的重量百分比为10-20%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的硅溶胶的固含量为25~32%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述的碳化硅微粉的中位粒径为10-30μm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:造孔剂包括淀粉、石墨粉、木炭粉或活性炭粉。
6.根据权利要求5所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:石墨为含碳量85-99.9%、粒度32-800目的天然鳞片石墨和/或石墨粉和/或石墨乳。
7.根据权利要求6所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:成型助剂包括聚氧化乙烯、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙级甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇或聚丙烯酰胺。
8.根据权利要求7所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:润滑剂包括甘油、硅油、豆油、阿拉伯树脂或油酸。
9.根据权利要求8所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述挤出机包括三支以上的挤出料筒,所述挤出料筒包括进料端和出料端,所述进料端设置进口,所述出料端设置出口;在挤出料筒中设置挤出装置,所述挤出装置包括活塞、挤出杆和挤出杆驱动机构,所述挤出杆驱动机构连接挤出杆,所述挤出杆从进口插入挤出料筒中,在挤出料筒中设置活塞,挤出杆连接活塞;所述挤出杆驱动机构能够驱动挤出杆伸缩并推动活塞将物料从出口推出;还包括挤出头,所述挤出头能够连接两个或两个以上的出口,令被连接的挤出料筒内的物料能够从挤出头一并挤出;
所述进口处设置密封环板,所述密封环板上开设插孔,所述挤出杆通过插孔进入挤出料筒中连接活塞;在密封环板上开设气压调节孔;活塞向出口方向运动时,外部气体能够通过气压调节孔进入挤出料筒;活塞向进口方向运动时,挤出料筒中的气体能够通过气压调节孔排出到外界。
10.按照权利要求9所述的碳化硅多通道陶瓷膜的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述挤出机还包括水冷装置,所述水冷装置包括三个以上的水冷外套,所述水冷外套套装在挤出料筒的外围,水冷外套中设置水冷循环管路,各水冷外套中的水冷循环管路并联设置,各水冷循环管路的进水口连接进水总管,各水冷循环管路的出水口连接出水总管;在各水冷循环管路的进水口处设置进水分阀门,在进水总管上设置进水总阀门;
所述挤出机还包括负压抽吸物料填充器;在挤出料筒的出料端设置抽吸进料孔,所述负压抽吸物料填充器安装在抽吸进料孔上;
所述负压抽吸物料填充器包括自动开关阀门、导料管和料仓;所述导料管的一端通过抽吸进料孔联通挤出料筒的内部空间,导料管的另一端联通料仓;所述自动开关阀门安装在导料管上,自动开关阀门能够开启或者封闭导料管;当活塞向出口方向运动时,自动开关阀门封闭导料管;当活塞向进口方向运动时,自动开关阀门开启导料管,料仓中的物料在负压作用下被抽吸到挤出料筒中;
所述自动开关阀门包括阀门本体、阀门开关驱动装置和滑动导向装置;所述滑动导向装置包括滑轨和滑块,所述滑轨设置在挤出料筒上,滑块设置在阀门本体上,所述滑块设置在滑轨中并能沿滑轨移动,当阀门本体移至上限位时能够关闭导料管,当阀门本体移至下限位时能够开启导料管;所述阀门开关驱动装置包括牵引机和牵引绳,所述牵引绳的上端连接牵引机,牵引绳的下端连接阀门本体,所述牵引机通过收放牵引绳能够带动阀门本体的移动;
所述滑动导向装置还包括阀门平衡装置,所述阀门平衡装置包括平衡杆和左、右拉簧,在阀门本体上开设左、右拉簧孔,在左、右拉簧孔中分别设置左、右导杆;所述左、右拉簧中分别设置在左、右拉簧孔中且套装在左、右导杆中;左、右拉簧的底部连接固定左、右拉簧孔的底部;平衡杆的左、右两端分别插入左、右拉簧孔中并与左、右拉簧的上端相连;平衡杆的左、右两端设置导向孔且通过导向孔分别套装在左、右导杆上;在阀门本体的中部设置上、下夹持弧块,所述平衡杆的中部设置环形凹槽,平衡杆的环形凹槽设置在上、下夹持弧块之间;所述牵引绳包括左、右绳体,所述牵引机包括左、右牵引机;左、右绳体的上端分别连接左、右牵引机,左、右绳体的下端分别连接平衡杆的左、右两端并能通过牵引平衡杆带动阀门本体上下移动。
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