CN107748330A - A kind of aging method for early warning of dynamic lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of aging method for early warning of dynamic lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN107748330A CN107748330A CN201710848891.XA CN201710848891A CN107748330A CN 107748330 A CN107748330 A CN 107748330A CN 201710848891 A CN201710848891 A CN 201710848891A CN 107748330 A CN107748330 A CN 107748330A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dynamic lithium battery aging method for early warning, by the way that power-type MOSFET and current-limiting resistance are connected on into battery pack both ends, MOSFET pipes conducting 2ms under the control of the controller, the individual pulse electric current that a width is 2ms is produced in battery and current-limiting resistance, the ohmic internal resistance of lithium battery can be obtained by the resistance of pressure difference and current-limiting resistance.And the dynamic lithium battery ohmic internal resistance data to collecting in real time carry out abnormality value removing and data smoothing processing, select overall data to carry out the slope contrast that linear trend is fitted to obtain and determine aging flex point, so as to carry out early warning to battery health.Value of the invention is that the measurement of the ohmic internal resistance for realizing dynamic lithium battery that can be simple and quick, while the ohmic internal resistance data obtained using measurement realize the aging early warning to dynamic lithium battery, the sound development to promotion ev industry is most important.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement of dynamic lithium battery ohmic internal resistance and health status prediction field, more particularly to dynamic lithium battery
Ohmic internal resistance measurement and its aging flex point finding algorithm.
Background technology
Clearly propose " to implement new-energy automobile popularization plan, encourage city bus and taxi to make in 13 planning
Use new-energy automobile." new-energy automobile is increasingly subject to pursuing for market.In the R&D process of electric automobile, mainly have three big
Key technology:1. electric automobile whole technology;2. driven by power and control technology;3. power battery technology.Up to the present, it is electric
Electrical automobile vehicle technology and driven by power and control technology all have been obtained for solving well, and electrokinetic cell is as electronic vapour
The power resources of car, performance are not met by the requirement of electric automobile, govern the large-scale application of electric automobile.Power lithium battery
Pond turns into the main flow of electric automobile power battery with relatively superior performance, and the research of lithium battery performance also turns into focus.
Research to lithium battery is concentrated mainly on the change of the characteristic present amount that this is important by lithium battery ohmic internal resistance to study lithium
The health status of battery, the algorithm that this relates to the internal resistance measurement of lithium battery and health judges.
Mainly there are following two methods now for the ohmic internal resistance measurement of lithium battery:
The first is direct-current discharge ohmic internal resistance mensuration, and its advantage is that measurement accuracy is very high, can be reached if control is proper
0.1% accuracy.But the battery of Large Copacity can only be measured, small-capacity cells can not bear 40A-80A electric current in 3S;
Prolonged high current can produce electrode damage by battery to battery, will also result in the waste of energy;Put up to 3S direct current
Electricity is also easy to produce polarization resistance, and ohmic internal resistance is only required grinding when based on internal resistance method research lithium battery health status
Study carefully object, during polarization the generation of ohmic internal resistance be unfavorable for the research to lithium battery health status.
Second is ac-excited method, and specific method is to apply a fixed frequency and fixed current to battery(Current one
As using 1kHz frequencies, 50mA low currents), then its voltage is sampled, led to after a series of processing such as over commutation, filtering
Cross the internal resistance value that discharge circuit calculates the battery.The battery measurement time of exchange pressure drop ohmic internal resistance mensuration is extremely short, typically
At 100 milliseconds or so.The accuracy of this measuring method is also good, and measurement accuracy error is typically between 1%~2%.It is this
The advantages of method is the lithium battery that can measure all different capabilities;Measurement process will not produce harm to lithium battery.Shortcoming
Same obvious alternating current method measurement accuracy is likely to be influenceed harmonic current interference by ripple current, to the anti-interference energy of equipment circuit
Power requires high;Need to introduce external communication driving source, add circuit complexity and circuit cost and measuring accuracy not
Such as direct current method.
And two methods of impulse current measurement method can be with summary the advantages of, optimization deficiency meet lithium battery internal resistance
Measurement demand.External source need not be additionally introduced again using the ohmic internal resistance of impulse current measurement lithium battery, pass through control
Circuit processed produces a pulse to measure the ohmic internal resistance of lithium battery.This method both with direct-current discharge method circuit simply and
The advantages of strong antijamming capability, can avoid the generation of polarization resistance again, while can also meet different capabilities lithium battery ohmic internal resistance
Measurement demand.
The healthy evaluation algorithm of current lithium battery mainly has two kinds of fuzzy neural network and BP neural network, and specific practice is
The internal resistance value of lithium battery group whole life cycle is collected by largely testing for certain a lithium battery group, then utilizes god
It is capable of the property of Approximation of Arbitrary Nonlinear Function through network element, establishes the model of the internal resistance of cell and cell health state.This method
The shortcomings that be can only be directed to a certain kind corresponding to lithium battery, change after a kind of lithium battery to need to resurvey data and establish model, no
With versatility.
The lithium battery health determination methods of the present invention are will to be according to the ohmic internal resistance of battery during lithium battery soon aging
The growth trend of existing exponential type, such a general characteristic judge the health status of lithium battery, catch this feature can be with
Realize the prediction to cell health state.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of the ohmic internal resistance measuring circuit of dynamic lithium battery, measuring method and electrokinetic cell aging and turned
The finding algorithm of point, it is possible to achieve to the accurate measurement of dynamic lithium battery ohmic internal resistance, and measuring method has method simple
And the advantages of strong antijamming capability;And obtain real-time ohmic internal resistance by measurement to realize to the pre- of dynamic lithium battery health status
It is alert.It can be widely applied to state of health monitoring and the aging early warning of the dynamic lithium battery of New-energy electric vehicle.The invention
The advantages of measuring the internal resistance method of lithium batteries mainly in conjunction with current two kinds is proposed using impulse current measurement lithium battery
Ohmic internal resistance, while the internal resistance value obtained using measurement realizes the aging early warning to dynamic lithium battery.
The present invention utilizes the ohmic internal resistance of impulse current measurement lithium battery, and old using the data searching lithium battery measured
The flex point of change, the ohmic internal resistance for being capable of accurate measurement lithium battery after tested and the flex point that can find out data in time are realized to lithium
The timely warning function of the ageing state of battery.
The circuit of the ohmic internal resistance of the impulse current measurement lithium battery, it is adopted by microcontroller, current-limiting resistance R9, voltage
Collect resistance R10 and power MOSFET tube AUIRFR3710Z and MOSTET driving chip TPIC46L02 compositions.Current-limiting resistance R9
The positive pole of one termination lithium battery, another termination MOSFET pipes AUIRFR3710Z D poles;A R10 termination AUIRFR3710Z's
S poles, another pole connect the negative pole of lithium battery;R9, R10 and AUIRFR3710Z are connected on the both ends of battery pack, as in battery pack
Produce the measuring circuit of pulse current.AUIRFR3710Z G poles connect the GATE0 poles of chip.The ends of resistance R7 mono- are connected on chip
DARAIN0 ends, other end ground connection;Resistance R8 mono- terminates AUIRFR3710Z D poles, the DARAIN0 on another chip termination;Electricity
Hinder R7, R8 and R10 and form circuit overcurrent protection, electric current flows through R10 and pressure drop, R8 and R7 composition bleeder circuits are produced on R10
Using after the voltage on R10 access 46L02 DARAIN0 ports as judge measuring circuit whether the monitoring value of overcurrent.
VCOMPEN1 accesses high level by resistance R1 and R3, enables external reference false voltage;The termination power VCC of R1 mono-, the other end
It is connected with VCOMPEN1;R3 one end is grounded, and the other end is connected on the VCOMPEN1 ends on chip together with R1.R2 one end and power supply
VCC is connected, and the other end is connected with VCOMP1;R4 one end is grounded, and the other end is connected on the VCOMP1 ends of chip together with R2.In R2
In R4 series circuit, the partial pressure on R4 is connected with VCOMP1, as the fault reference voltage of outside, when on DARAIN0
The voltage of acquisition carries out overcurrent protection when being higher than VCOMP1 voltages.
Use the method for the ohmic internal resistance of impulse current measurement lithium battery:
From equivalent circuit Fig. 1 of lithium battery, polarization ohmic internal resistance is in parallel with polarization capacity, utilizes the logical exchange resistance of electric capacity
The characteristics of direct current, a pulse current is produced in lithium battery loop, pulse current will flow through the pole of polarization capacity and lithium battery
Change ohmic internal resistance to be short-circuited, be exactly now that ohmic internal resistance is passed through by pulse current in voltage change △ V caused by lithium battery both ends
It is caused.
The both ends access current-limiting resistance R and power MOSFET tube of lithium battery, pass through microprocessor control power MOSFET's
Conducting and shut-off.The voltage E of battery pack in the tripped condition is first measured in measurement, passes through microprocessor control power MOSFET
Pipe conducting 2ms measures the voltage U at now lithium battery group both ends before shut-off, closes power MOSFET tube after measuring U values, this
One process generates the pulse current that a width is 2ms in lithium battery group.By the ac-excited internal resistance for measuring lithium battery
Principle is understood:The ohmic internal resistance change of the pressure difference at both ends when being short-circuited that polarizes is to be produced by pulse current by ohmic internal resistance
, use formulaIt can obtain the ohmic internal resistance value of lithium battery group.
The rejecting of exceptional value in data prediction;Several abnormal numerical value are inevitably had in the collection of data.
Because the change of the ohmic internal resistance of lithium battery, which is a slow process, can not possibly produce a very high value suddenly also or dash forward
The very low value of right yet another;The change of internal resistance value is continuous that its trend is visible attached during each discharge cycles
Fig. 3, even if occurring the unexpected increase that certain exception causes internal resistance value suddenly, this increase and continuous increase, if
Simply the increase of some value should be determined as that exceptional value is rejected suddenly.The rejecting of numerical value is an electric discharge week by lithium battery
For the internal resistance value obtained in phase as a processing unit, the method for use is if the difference of measured value and average value is more than standard deviation
2 times of difference, then rejected.Expression formula is, wherein,For sample average,
For the standard deviation of sample.The standard deviation of data and the arithmetic mean deviation of data are first calculated in MATLAB, MATLAB falls into a trap
Packaged std () function can be called by calculating standard deviation.Then, will be absolute with average value in data by For Do statements
Data of the value difference value more than 2 times all find out rejecting, then with the average value for the previous value and latter value for being removed data
As being kicked substitution value except data.
Data smoothing in data prediction;The ohmic internal resistance of lithium battery is not a definite value, right under different SOC
The lithium battery internal resistance answered be change, plus above again done the rejecting of abnormal data, it is necessary to be smoothed to data.Cause
For a discharge cycles cycle probably 20 internal resistance values that just can be good at including under entirely different SOC of measurement, measured
Little in intensive practical significance, the change of data is relatively fine.So the present invention uses 20 points of Savitzky-Golay data
The disposal of gentle filter.Smooth points are 20, and smooth method is Savitzky-Golay smothing filterings.Savitzky-Golay
The effect of smothing filtering, with the different and different of window width are chosen, can meet the needs of a variety of different occasions.
The finding algorithm of aging flex point;Because the ohmic internal resistance data of the lithium battery collected are fluctuations, but data
It is to increase on the whole.And it is that exponential type is presented to rise when having arrived soon aging, in internal resistance overall growth trend.Due to data
It is increasing for fluctuation, is not proper monotonic increase, so the method for mathematically judging flex point that can not be routinely
To judge.But when reaching flex point, it is seen that phenomenon be that data value is more and more precipitous.Now we can use number
According to slope portray the precipitous of data;It is to select the data of adjacent two days linearly to be become but the selection of slope is critically important
The slope that gesture is fitted to obtain compares, or the overall data of selection carry out slope that linear trend is fitted to obtain, it is necessary to pass through
Experiment determines.When the slope that the data progress linear trend using adjacent two days is fitted to obtain is to compare, by multi-group data
Test can not accurately find out the flex point of data, ineffective.Because without common datum mark.And select overall number
The slope for being fitted to obtain according to progress linear trend is more accurate, because so they have a common datum mark, so just has
There is comparativity.Specific practice is to be grouped the internal resistance data collected by cycle-index, and electricity is discharged to not from full state of charge
Foot is a cycle period.For example one be divided into N groups, least square method first is used to first group to N-4 groups of all data
Carry out linear trend to be fitted to obtain straight line, slope K 1 of this straight line as the growth trend straight line of these data.Then,
The slope K 2 of first group of growth trend straight line to all data of N-3 groups is obtained using same processing method;Until first
Group to all data of N groups growth trend straight slope K5.Slope at flex point constantly increases, that is, when meeting K1<K2<
K3<K4<Data flex point occurs during K5, and lithium battery starts aging.Figure below finds the situation of flex point when being experiment, now battery has been
Start aging, accompanying drawing 4 with black surround iris out come figure part be to have found internal resistance flex point, after judging that lithium battery starts aging,
It is continuing with lithium battery and gathers the data that its ohmic internal resistance is worth to, since these data growth patterns also demonstrates battery
Aging.
The setting of danger early warning rank;Work as K1<K2<K3<K4<During K5, lithium battery has begun to aging, is gradually approaching
The rank of danger early warning can be set during aging further according to the relation between K1, K2, K3, K4 and K5.The level of early warning
It is not divided into:It is excellent, good, pay attention to aging tendency, i.e. by aging and aging.Specific practice is as follows:Before being subtracted using the latter slope value
One slope value is K2-K1, K3-K2, K4-K3 and K5-K4;Re-define an array, the data in array be 1,2,3,4 this
Four numbers.Harmful grade early warning value W is determined according to the positive and negative situation of K2-K1, K3-K2, K4-K3 and K5-K4 value above
Select that several numerical value to be added from array above and obtain W values, as a result on the occasion of the numerical value phase for then selecting correspondence position in array
Add, do not selected if result is negative value;Such as:K2-K1>0、K3-K2<0、K4-K3<0、K5-K4<0, then danger early warning value W=1+
0+0+0=1;If K2-K1>0、K3-K2>0、K4-K3>0、K5-K4>0, then danger early warning value W=1+2+3+4=10;Early warning value is got over
It is big more dangerous, the aging flex point for having arrived at battery is illustrated when early warning value reaches 10, battery enters the ageing step.In early warning value
Cell health state is excellent during less than or equal to 1;When early warning value is less than or equal to 4 more than 1, cell health state is good;In early warning value
Cell health state is attention aging tendency when being more than 4 less than or equal to 7;The battery health shape when early warning value is less than or equal to 9 more than 7
State is i.e. by aging;When early warning value is 10, cell health state is cell degradation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is lithium battery Massimo Ceraolo dynamic models;
Fig. 2 is impulse current measurement ohmic internal resistance circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is the ohmic internal resistance and SOC relations of lithium battery;
Fig. 4 is ohmic internal resistance data trends of straight line fitted figure.
Fig. 5 is a kind of Organization Chart of exemplary application.
Embodiment
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and effect are more clear and clear and definite, below in conjunction with example to this hair
It is bright to be described further.It should be appreciated that embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, it is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
Embodiment one
Such as Fig. 5, in this example, it will introduce how present invention applies health in the dynamic lithium battery of New-energy electric vehicle
Condition monitoring and ageing predetermination.
When New-energy electric vehicle rotary switch is electric on the key, postpone electricity on 500ms.First produced using pulse current method
One width is 2ms, and pulse current of the size of current no more than 20A measures the ohmic internal resistance of dynamic lithium battery.
After internal resistance measurement terminates, the internal resistance numerical value measured is uploaded to positioned at server by the ECU with internet function
Or in the database in cloud platform;Drive every time all can on vehicle first automatic measurement internal resistance of power lithium battery, such lithium before electricity
Ohmic internal resistance data in the whole life cycle of battery are all stored in database.The aging of lithium battery in the present invention is turned again
The algorithm of point is deployed in server or cloud platform, all internal resistances when there is new internal resistance data to upload in reading database
Value, flex point finding algorithm of the deployment in the server or in cloud platform is called, early warning value W is calculated and is stored in the another of database
In one table, the health status information of dynamic lithium battery is read for the APP of mobile phone terminal.
Embodiment two
In this example, how emphasis description using MATLAB and Java hybrid programming is realized into above-mentioned arithmetic programming.
MATLAB has powerful mathematical computational abilities, and algorithm directly uses the bad realization of Java language.So use
Java and MATLAB hybrid programming function.Function functions are established in present MATLAB, data are added under the function
Length judgement, the rejecting abnormalities value function of data and the smoothing function of data, it is then real according still further to algorithm principle recited above
The aging early warning of existing lithium battery.The return value of Function functions is early warning value W recited above.By Function power functions
Javapackage is packaged into using MATLAB deploy tools functions, is imported into eclipse library file, for Java
Call.After the internal resistance value in getting database, call Java bags to return to early warning value W result, then pass through Java and number
The result is put into another table in database according to the operation in storehouse, the W values are obtained for cell phone application.Cell phone application is being got
Cell health state is excellent when being less than or equal to 1 according to early warning value during W values;The battery health shape when early warning value is less than or equal to 4 more than 1
State is good;When early warning value is less than or equal to 7 more than 4, cell health state is attention aging tendency;It is big to be less than or equal to 9 in early warning value
Cell health state is by aging when 7;When early warning value is 10, cell health state is cell degradation.The lithium electricity in APP
Pond health one column show corresponding to lithium battery warning grade.
Example discussed above, it is not intended to limit the invention, all any modifications made in principle of the present invention
Or improve, it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of aging method for early warning of dynamic lithium battery, include the measuring circuit design cell degradation row of lithium battery ohmic internal resistance
Method for early warning, wherein:
Ohmic internal resistance measuring circuit by current-limiting resistance R9, voltage acquisition resistance R10 and power MOSFET tube AUIRFR3710Z and
MOSTET driving chips TPIC46L02 is formed;Current-limiting resistance R9 and AUIRFR3710Z and R10 series connection in battery pack two
End, as the measuring circuit that pulse current is produced in battery pack;Resistance R7, R8 and R10 form circuit overcurrent protection, electricity
Stream flows through R10 and pressure drop is produced at R10 both ends, and R8 and R7, which will form bleeder circuit, to access 46L02's after the voltage on R10
DARAIN0 ports as judge measuring circuit whether the monitoring value of overcurrent;VCOMPEN1 accesses high electricity by resistance R1 and R3
It is flat, enable external reference false voltage;R2 and R4 partial pressure is connected with VCOMP1, and the voltage on R4 is as outside fault reference
Voltage, overcurrent protection is carried out when the voltage obtained on DARAIN0 is higher than VCOMP1 voltages;
It is characterized in that:
Ohmic internal resistance measuring method:The both ends access current-limiting resistance R and power MOSFET tube of lithium battery, battery pack is measured first and is existed
Voltage E under off state, 2ms is turned on by microprocessor control power MOSFET tube now lithium battery is measured before shut-off
The voltage U at group both ends, this process generates the pulse current that a width is 2ms in lithium battery group, by ac-excited survey
The principle for measuring lithium battery internal resistance is understood:The pressure difference change at polarization ohmic internal resistance both ends when being short-circuited is to pass through Europe by pulse current
Caused by nurse internal resistance, formula is usedCalculate ohmic internal resistance;
It is as follows so as to carry out the method and step of early warning to cell degradation that cell degradation flex point is found based on ohmic internal resistance:
A, the data collected are handled, rejects exceptional value therein:
If the difference of measured value and average value is more than 2 times of standard deviation, rejected, expression formula is, its
In,For sample average,For the standard deviation of sample;
B, the data smoothing after rejecting abnormalities value is filtered:Filtered using the Savitzky-Golay data smoothings of smooth 20 points of points
Ripple processing;
C, the flex point of electrokinetic cell aging is found:The internal resistance data collected are grouped by cycle-index, put from full state of charge
Electricity is a cycle period to not enough power supply, first removes last four groups of data, least square is used according to the overall trend of data
Method carries out linear trend fitting and tries to achieve the slope of trend line, then recovers one group of data, i.e., only removes last three groups of data and weigh again
Multiple process above;By that analogy, 5 slope values K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 are finally tried to achieve, work as K1<K2<K3<K4<During K5, flex point
Occur, lithium battery starts aging;
D, cell degradation warning level is arranged to:It is excellent, good, pay attention to aging tendency, i.e. by five grades of aging and aging;Using latter
Individual slope value subtracts previous slope value i.e. K2-K1, K3-K2, K4-K3 and K5-K4;Re-define an array, the number in array
According to being 1,2,3,4 this four numbers;Harmful grade early warning value W is just forsaking one's love according to K2-K1, K3-K2, K4-K3 and K5-K4 value
Condition selects numerical value addition to obtain W values come what is determined from array, as a result on the occasion of the numerical value phase for then selecting correspondence position in array
Add, do not selected if result is negative value;Early warning value is more big more dangerous, illustrates to have arrived at the old of battery when early warning value reaches 10
Change flex point, battery enters the ageing step;When early warning value is less than or equal to 1, cell health state is excellent;It is less than or equal to 4 in early warning value
Cell health state is good during more than 1;When early warning value is less than or equal to 7 more than 4, cell health state is attention aging tendency;
Cell health state is by aging when early warning value is less than or equal to 9 more than 7.
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