CN107736951B - A method of tracheal intubation in mice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for intubating the trachea of a large or mouse, comprising the following steps: preparing animals and appliances; inserting a simple laryngoscope into the oral cavity of a rat or mouse to expose the glottis of the rat or mouse; Insert the tracheal tube into the trachea of rats or mice; the end of the tracheal tube is connected to a small animal ventilator and a small animal anesthesia machine for continuous inhalation anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The large and mouse intubation method of the present application has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to occasions such as modeling of rats and mice of different specifications, tracheal administration, and pulmonary function measurement; the success rate is high, and the low success rate of blind intubation can be avoided 1. Trauma to the animal itself; the equipment used is adapted to the characteristics of rats and mice with narrow glottis and deep oral cavity, which reduces the pain caused by tissue damage during intubation, and makes the animal intubation less stressful; The operation is simple, only one person can complete the whole operation.

Description

A method of tracheal intubation in mice

technical field

The invention relates to the field of tracheal intubation, in particular to a method for tracheal intubation of large and small mice.

Background technique

In medicine and biology, mice and rats are commonly used for experiments. In the experiments, it is often necessary to intubate mice and rats for mechanical ventilation or tracheal administration. Currently available intubation methods include blind intubation, tracheotomy, and direct vision intubation.

The blind insertion method is easy to insert into the esophagus, the success rate is low, and it needs repeated trials. It is easy to damage the pharynx of mice and rats, resulting in the secretion of a large amount of mucus that affects the administration, and it is easy to cause infection. The pathological state increases the error of the whole experimental process.

The tracheotomy method needs to incise the neck skin of rats, separate and expose the trachea layer by layer, incise the trachea, and tie it tightly after intubation. This method is likely to cause postoperative local infection and some complications, resulting in two trauma, and because the animals did not survive for a long time after intubation, a continuation study could not be performed.

In the direct-viewing intubation method, the operator uses a high-power incandescent light bulb or a cold light source to stick close to the neck of the mouse, and with the help of the light passing through the neck and supplemented by pulling the base of the tongue of the mouse, the glottis can be exposed. To improve the success rate of intubation under direct vision. However, the current intubation method under direct vision requires two people to complete. One of them puts a high-power incandescent light bulb or a cold light source against the neck of the mouse with one hand, and opens the mouth of the mouse with the other hand. A person inserts an endotracheal tube through the mouth. This method of intubation increases the human input.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for intubating the trachea of mice and mice, which can solve the problems of easy damage to the pharynx, easy infection and large manpower input during the trachea intubation of mice and mice.

Specifically, the present invention provides a method for tracheal intubation of large and small mice, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Animal preparation and equipment preparation;

Instruments include a simple laryngoscope and a guiding set;

Step 2. Insert the simple laryngoscope with the left hand into the oral cavity of the rat or mouse to expose the glottis of the rat or mouse;

Step 3. After exposing the rat or mouse glottis, insert the tracheal tube into the trachea of the rat or mouse under direct vision: including the guide wire entering the glottis, the tracheal tube passing through the glottis under the guidance of the guide wire, and The guide wire is withdrawn together with the operating handle;

Step 4: The end of the endotracheal tube is connected to a small animal ventilator and a small animal anesthesia machine for continuous inhalation anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

The combination of simple laryngoscope and endotracheal tube kit can improve the success rate of intubation, reduce the stress response of rats or mice, and will not affect the results of subsequent experiments.

Further, the animal preparation in Step 1 includes the following steps: preparing the rat or mouse, placing the rat or mouse in a supine position on the rat board after basic anesthesia, fixing the limbs and maxillary incisors of the rat or mouse with rubber bands, and placing the rat or mouse on the rat board. The head is raised 30°.

After basic anesthesia, the rat or mouse is fixed, and the headboard is too high. This angle is conducive to the operation and ensures that the operator can see the glottis of the rat or mouse as much as possible.

Further, the basic anesthesia process is specifically as follows: first, 0.5 mL of 10% chloral hydrate is injected intraperitoneally, and the rat or mouse is placed in a closed gas anesthesia box pre-filled with 1.5% isoflurane gas for 3-5 minutes.

Basic anesthesia ensures that rats or mice will not jump during fixation, which is not conducive to operation, and at the same time, excessive anesthesia is not allowed to prevent the impact of excessive anesthesia on subsequent experiments.

Further, the equipment preparation in step 1 includes: connecting and fixing the endotracheal tube of the guide set on the operating handle through the connecting tube, manually turning the guide wire with the right hand so that the guide wire extends out of the endotracheal tube, and manually pulling the guide wire The ends of the wire are bent.

The guide wire cooperates with the endotracheal tube, the guide wire guides the endotracheal tube, and at the same time, the end is bent, which can avoid scratching the mouth or trachea of rats or mice during the insertion of the guide wire, and avoid subsequent infection and other conditions.

Further, the simple laryngoscope includes a handle, mirror arm and lighting equipment;

The handle is connected with the mirror arm;

Lighting equipment including indicator lights and batteries;

The indicator light is screwed into the front end of the flat end of the mirror arm, the battery is installed in the handle, and the indicator light is connected with the battery through a wire.

The threaded connection structure of the indicator light is easy to operate and saves space. At the same time, it has a switch function, which simplifies the overall structure of the laryngoscope and is easy to use.

Further, the guiding kit includes an endotracheal tube, an operating handle and a guiding wire;

One end of the endotracheal tube is detachably connected to the operating handle, and the other end of the endotracheal tube is a beveled end; one end of the guide wire passes through the endotracheal tube, and the other end is coiled in the operating handle.

The operating handle and the guide wire are used as an auxiliary function when the endotracheal tube is inserted into the airway, and the detachable connection makes it easy to operate during removal and easy to assemble during use.

Further, the length of the guide steel wire is 20 cm, the guide steel wire is engraved with scales, and the interval between adjacent scales is 1 cm.

The scale on the guide wire can ensure that the operator can accurately measure the depth of insertion under direct vision, and ensure that the guide wire will not cause damage to organs due to too deep insertion.

Further, in step 2, the operator rotates the indicator light with his right hand and extends into the mirror arm, the indicator light is in contact with the wire, the battery supplies power to the indicator light, the indicator light is on, and the operator squats down so that the operator's line of sight is in line with that of the rat or mouse. The head end is at the same height; the operator puts the laryngoscope into the mouth of the rat or mouse with his left hand, fully exposing the rat or mouse glottis.

The purpose of fully exposing the glottis is that the operator can see the internal structure as much as possible when inserting the endotracheal tube, which is convenient for subsequent operations.

Further, fully exposing the glottis of rats or mice is as follows: the laryngoscope enters from the right side of the tongue of the rat or mouse, the flat end of the mirror arm is placed behind the base of the tongue, and the laryngoscope is lifted upwards and forwards. Under the illumination of the indicator light, part of the glottis can be seen. Fine-tune the position of the laryngoscope and the base of the tongue to fully expose the glottis.

The laryngoscope has an indicator light, which is conducive to fully exposing the glottis.

Further, the process of inserting the endotracheal tube into the trachea of rats or mice in step three is specifically:

The operator holds the operating handle of the trachea guidance kit in his right hand, inserts the guide wire into the oral cavity of the rat or mouse under direct vision, manually moves the guide wire, and sends the guide wire through the glottis 1 cm under direct vision, Push the endotracheal tube forward with the thumb, so that the endotracheal tube is removed from the operating handle, and the endotracheal tube is guided by the guide wire to pass through the glottis for about 1.5-2.0cm. Withdraw the handle from the mouth of the rat or mouse together, and at the same time fix the endotracheal tube with the left hand, leaving the endotracheal tube in the body of the rat or mouse.

The insertion depth measurement is accurate during the intubation process, which can reduce the through hole of the animal, thereby reducing the stress response and improving the success rate of intubation.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The intubation method has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to occasions such as modeling of rats and mice of different specifications, tracheal administration, and pulmonary function testing;

(2) The success rate of this intubation method is high, which can avoid the low success rate of blind intubation and trauma to the animal itself;

(3) The apparatus used in this intubation method is adapted to the characteristics of rats and mice with glottis stenosis, and the trachea is located in the deep part of the oral cavity, which reduces the pain caused by tissue damage during the intubation process, and makes the animal intubation stress response small;

(4) The intubation method is simple, only one person can complete all the operations, and the operation is simple and time-saving;

(5) Rats and mice suffer less trauma in this intubation method, which avoids the trauma caused by tracheotomy and reduces the impact on subsequent studies.

Description of drawings

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating specific embodiments only and are not to be considered as limitations of the invention, and like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the laryngoscope that is used for intubation method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the disassembled schematic view of the parts of the laryngoscope used in the intubation method of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the position of the front-end illuminating lamp of the laryngoscope used in the intubation method of the present invention.

4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the trachea guide kit used in the intubation method of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the operating handle of the trachea guide kit used in the intubation method of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the operating handle of the trachea guide set used in the intubation method of the present invention.

Symbols in the figure: 1-handle, 2-mirror arm, 3-lighting equipment, 301-indicator, 302-battery, 4-tracheal tube, 5-operating handle, 6-guiding steel wire.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment one:

In the present invention, the large and small mouse tracheal intubation method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Animal preparation and equipment preparation;

Specifically, the animal preparation process is as follows: prepare the rat, place the rat in the supine position on the rat board after basic anesthesia, fix the rat's limbs and maxillary incisors with rubber bands, and raise the head of the rat board by 30°, that is, the rat's head The end where it is located is elevated by 30°;

The prepared appliances include a simple laryngoscope and a guiding set; the endotracheal tube 4 of the guiding set is connected and fixed on the operating handle 5 through a connecting tube, and the guide wire 6 is manually moved by the right hand so that the guide wire 6 extends out of the endotracheal tube 4 outside, and manually bend the end of the guide wire 6, so as not to cause damage to the tissues or organs of the rat;

Further, the specific basic anesthesia process is as follows: firstly, the animal is injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of 10% chloral hydrate, and the animal is placed in a closed gas anesthesia box pre-filled with 1.5% isoflurane gas for 3-5 minutes.

The simple laryngoscope in this application is shown in FIG. 1 , including a handle 1 , a mirror arm 2 and a lighting device 3 .

The handle 1 is a hollow rod-shaped tube; the handle 1 is connected to the mirror arm 2; the lighting device 3 includes an indicator light 301 and a battery 302, the indicator light 301 is installed at the end of the mirror arm 2, the battery 302 is installed in the handle 1, and the indicator light 301 It is connected to the battery 302 through wires.

The handle 1 is made of wood or metal. In order to prevent the handle 1 from slipping out of the operator's hand during use, the outer wall of the handle 1 can be covered with a non-slip rubber sleeve, which increases the friction between the operator's hand and the handle 1, making the The handle 1 is not easy to slip off.

One end of the mirror arm 2 is fixedly connected to the handle 1, which can be bonded or welded, and there will be no relative movement between the two, ensuring stability during use.

The other end of the mirror arm 2 is a flat end with a curved surface. The curved surface of the flat end is suitable for the glottis of the rat, so that the glottis can be fully exposed without causing damage to the glottis.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , a screw-in indicator light 301 is embedded on the front right side of the flat end of the mirror arm 2 . The indicator light 301 is connected with the mirror arm 2 through threads, and can be screwed into the mirror arm 2 . The optional battery 302 is a button battery, which takes up little space and has a long power supply time. The battery 302 is located in the handle 1 and can be taken out from the end of the handle 1 for replacement. There is a sealing cover at the end of the handle 1 to seal the battery 302 to prevent the battery 302 Fall out from handle 1.

The indicator light 301 is threadedly connected with the flat end of the mirror arm 2. In a normal state, the indicator light 301 stretches out of the mirror arm 2 and is separated from the wire. When needed, the indicator light 301 rotates and extends into the mirror arm 2. Contact, the positive input end of indicator light 301 is connected with the positive pole of battery by lead, the negative input end of indicator light 301 is connected with the negative pole of battery by lead, and battery 302 supplies power for indicator light 301, and indicator light is on.

The guiding kit in this application is shown in FIG. 4 , including an endotracheal tube 4 , an operating handle 5 and a guiding wire 6 .

One end of the tracheal tube 4 is detachably connected to the operating handle 5 , and the other end is an oblique end. One end of the guide wire 6 passes through the tracheal tube 4 , and the other end is coiled in the operating handle 5 .

The endotracheal tube 4 is a straight round tube, one end is fixed with a connecting tube, and the other end is an oblique end. The oblique end is used to insert into the oral cavity of the rat. Because the rat glottis is narrow and located in the deep part of the oral cavity, the endotracheal tube 4 is not easy to insert , easy access and easy operation by adopting the oblique form. The outer diameter of one end of the connecting tube is the same as the inner diameter of the tracheal tube 4, inserted into the tracheal tube 4, and sealed with a sealant, the inner diameter of the other end of the connecting tube is adapted to the outer diameter of the operating handle, and the connecting tube can be sleeved on the operating handle 5 The outer wall surface at one end further fixes the endotracheal tube 4 on the operating handle 5 .

One end of the guide wire 6 passes through the endotracheal tube 4, and the exposed part of the endotracheal tube 4 is bent so that the end of the guide wire has no sharp corners and will not cause damage to blood vessels, vocal cords, etc. of the rat during insertion. Endotracheal tube 4 is made of plastic, with a length of 10 cm and an inner diameter of 1.8 mm. If the length of the endotracheal tube 4 is too long, it is inconvenient to operate, and if it is too short, it will not be easy to be connected with other equipment after intubation.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, one end of the operating handle 5 is a tapered end, the tapered port is easy to match with the connecting tube of the endotracheal tube 4, and is used to fix the endotracheal tube 4, and the other end is a connected ring for guiding the steel wire 6 passes through the inside of the operating handle 5 and enters the ring, and when not in use, the excess length of the guide wire 6 is coiled in the ring, so that the guide wire 6 will not take up extra space.

The middle section of the handle 5 is exposed, so that the guide wire 6 passing through the handle 5 can be exposed outside the handle 5, and the guide wire 6 can be directly contacted during operation, thereby adjusting the position and extension of the guide wire 6 The length of the endotracheal tube 4.

During operation, the operating handle 5 must have a certain strength and is not easily deformed, so the material of the operating handle 5 is hard plastic.

When not in use, the guide wire 6 needs to be coiled inside the operating handle 5, so the guide wire 6 is required to not be too hard, so the guide wire 6 is made of soft steel wire.

The guide wire 3 is used to guide the endotracheal tube 4, so its length cannot be less than that of the endotracheal tube 4, and the length of the guide wire 6 in this application is 20 cm. In order to more intuitively see the length of the guide wire 6 entering the rat, the guide wire 3 is engraved with a scale, and the interval between adjacent scales is 1 cm, so that the depth of the front section of the guide wire 6 can be accurately known, which can improve the accuracy of the guide wire 6 under direct vision. The success rate of endotracheal intubation prevents rats from being uncomfortable when the guide wire 6 is inserted too long, greatly reduces the stress response during the intubation process, and can avoid damage to rat organs when the insertion is too deep.

Step 2: Insert the simple laryngoscope with the left hand into the mouth of the rat to expose the rat's glottis. Specifically, the right hand rotates the indicator light 301 into the mirror arm 2, the indicator light 301 is in contact with the wire, the battery 302 supplies power to the indicator light 301, the indicator light is on, and the operator squats down so that the operator's line of sight and the rat's head are at the same height; The operator puts the laryngoscope into the mouth of the rat with his left hand to expose the rat's glottis, and the rat's bilateral vocal cords and glottis can be seen with the naked eye;

More specifically, exposing the rat glottis is as follows: the laryngoscope enters from the right side of the rat's tongue, the flat end of the mirror arm 2 is placed behind the base of the tongue, and the laryngoscope is lifted upwards and forwards. Under irradiation, part of the glottis can be seen. Fine-tune the position of the laryngoscope and the base of the tongue to fully expose the glottis.

Step 3: After exposing the rat glottis, the bilateral vocal cords and glottis of the rat can be seen with the naked eye, and the endotracheal tube 4 is connected and fixed on the operating handle 5 through the connecting tube. Insert the guide wire 6 into the oral cavity of the rat under visual inspection, manually move the guide wire 6, send the guide wire 6 through the glottis 1 cm under direct vision, and push the endotracheal tube 4 forward with the thumb of the right hand, so that the endotracheal tube 4 Remove it from the operating handle 5, send the endotracheal tube 4 through the glottis about 1.5-2.0 cm under the guidance of the guide wire 6, press the guide wire 6 with the right hand, and pull the guide wire 6 together with the operating handle 3 from the rat Withdraw from the mouth of the rat, while the left hand fixes the endotracheal tube 4, leaving the endotracheal tube in the body of the rat;

Step 4: The end of the endotracheal tube 4 is connected to a small animal ventilator and a small animal anesthesia machine for continuous inhalation anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

Embodiment two:

In the present invention, the large and small mouse tracheal intubation method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Animal preparation and equipment preparation;

Specifically, the animal preparation process is as follows: prepare the mouse, place the mouse in a supine position on the mouse board after basic anesthesia, fix the mouse limbs and maxillary incisors with rubber bands, and raise the head of the mouse board by 30°, that is, the head of the mouse The end where it is located is elevated by 30°;

The prepared appliances include a simple laryngoscope and a guiding set; the endotracheal tube 4 of the guiding set is connected and fixed on the operating handle 5 through a connecting tube, and the guide wire 6 is manually moved by the right hand so that the guide wire 6 extends out of the endotracheal tube 4, and manually bend the end of the guide wire 6, so as not to cause damage to the tissue or organs of the mouse;

Further, the specific basic anesthesia process is as follows: firstly, the animal is injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of 10% chloral hydrate, and the animal is placed in a closed gas anesthesia box pre-filled with 1.5% isoflurane gas for about 3-5 minutes.

The simple laryngoscope and guiding set used in this embodiment are the same as the simple laryngoscope and guiding set used in the first embodiment.

Step 2: Insert the simple laryngoscope with the left hand into the mouth of the mouse to expose the glottis of the mouse. Specifically, the right hand rotates the indicator light 301 into the mirror arm 2, the indicator light 301 is in contact with the wire, the battery 302 supplies power to the indicator light 301, the indicator light is on, and the operator squats down so that the operator's line of sight is at the same height as the head of the mouse; The operator puts the laryngoscope into the mouth of the mouse with his left hand to expose the glottis of the mouse, and the bilateral vocal cords and glottis of the mouse can be seen with the naked eye;

More specifically, exposing the glottis of the mouse is as follows: the laryngoscope enters from the right side of the mouse tongue, the flat end of the mirror arm 2 is placed behind the base of the tongue, and the laryngoscope is lifted upwards and forwards. Below, part of the glottis is visible. Fine-tune the position of the laryngoscope and the base of the tongue to fully expose the glottis.

Step 3: After exposing the glottis of the mouse, the bilateral vocal cords and glottis of the mouse can be seen with the naked eye. Under direct vision, send the guide wire 6 through the glottis 1 cm, push the tracheal tube 4 forward with the thumb of the right hand, and place the tracheal tube 4 in the Under the guidance of the guide wire 2, send it through the glottis for about 1.5-2.0 cm, and then withdraw the guiding kit; connect and fix the tracheal tube 4 on the operating handle 5 through the connecting tube, and the operator holds the operating handle 5 of the tracheal guiding kit in his right hand , insert the guide wire 6 into the oral cavity of the mouse, manually move the guide wire 6, and send the guide wire 6 through the glottis 1 cm under direct vision, and push the endotracheal tube 4 forward with the thumb of the right hand, so that the endotracheal tube 4 is moved from Remove the operating handle 5, send the endotracheal tube 4 through the glottis about 1.5-2.0 cm under the guidance of the guide wire 6, press the guide wire 6 with the right hand, and guide the guide wire 6 together with the operating handle 3 from the mouth of the mouse. Withdraw the endotracheal tube with the left hand at the same time, and leave the endotracheal tube in the mouse body;

Step 4: The end of the endotracheal tube 4 is connected to a small animal ventilator and a small animal anesthesia machine for continuous inhalation anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

The large and mouse intubation method of the present application has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to occasions such as modeling of rats and mice of different specifications, tracheal administration, and pulmonary function measurement; the success rate is high, and the low success rate of blind intubation can be avoided 1. Trauma to the animal itself; the instruments used are adapted to the characteristics of rats and mice with stenosis of the glottis, and the trachea is located in the deep part of the mouth, which reduces the pain caused by tissue damage during the intubation process, and makes the animal intubation less stressful; The operation is simple, and only one person can complete all the operations.

Although the present invention has been described in detail in conjunction with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications are allowed without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and they all fall into the present invention. within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of trachea cannula utensil, which is characterized in that including laryngoscope and guiding tool set, the laryngoscope include handle, handel and Lighting apparatus, the handle are hollow rodlike pipe, and the lighting apparatus includes indicator light and battery；

The outside wall surface of the handle is arranged non-slip rubber set；

One end of the handel is to be fixedly connected with handle, and the handel other end is the flat end with curved surface；The handel Flat end front end on the right side of embedded with can precession indicator light, the indicator light is connected with handel, can screw in inside handel；

The battery is located in handle, and handle end has sealing cover, by cell sealing；

The positive input terminal of the indicator light is connected by conducting wire with the anode of battery, and the negative input end of the indicator light passes through conducting wire It is connected with the cathode of battery, under normal conditions, the indicator light stretches out outside handel, is in discrete state with conducting wire, needs in use, institute It states indicator light rotation to protrude into handel, indicator light and conductive contact, battery are indicator light power supply, and indicator light is bright；

The guiding tool set includes tracheal catheter, lever and guide wire；

One end of the tracheal catheter removably connect with lever and is fixed with connecting tube, and the other end is angle end, described Guide wire one end passes through tracheal catheter, exposes the part bending of tracheal catheter, so that the end of guide wire does not have wedge angle, separately One end plate is in lever；

The tracheal catheter is straight section round tube；

The outer diameter of described connecting tube one end is identical as the internal diameter of tracheal catheter, is inserted into tracheal catheter, and sealed using sealant, The internal diameter of the connecting tube other end and the outer diameter of lever are adapted, and the connecting pipe box are located at the outside wall surface of lever one end；

Described lever one end is gradually necking end, and the other end be the annulus of connection, the guide wire inside lever into Enter in annulus；

The interlude of the lever is exposed, and the guide wire in lever is exposed outside lever.