CN107643221B - Low-speed light air gun impact test device - Google Patents
Low-speed light air gun impact test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107643221B CN107643221B CN201710896598.0A CN201710896598A CN107643221B CN 107643221 B CN107643221 B CN 107643221B CN 201710896598 A CN201710896598 A CN 201710896598A CN 107643221 B CN107643221 B CN 107643221B
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Abstract
The application provides a low-speed light air gun impact test device, which comprises: the device comprises a sample height adjusting device for adjusting the height of a sample, an axial loading device for loading the sample with preset axial pressure, an impact protection device for applying preset impact force to the sample, and a digital signal controller for controlling the sample height adjusting device and the axial loading device to work. The digital signal controller replaces manual work to control the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the control precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of stress field measurement, in particular to a low-speed light air gun impact test device.
Background
The root of the earthquake disaster is mainly surface dislocation generated by fault burst movement and strong surface vibration caused by earthquake wave radiation, and the serious casualties and serious damage to infrastructure are often caused. In order to clarify the natural earthquake fracture mechanism, it is important to study the fracture speed, fracture mode and fracture direction of the earthquake fracture surface and the evolution rule of the earthquake wave along the plane dynamic stress field in the fracture process. Due to the complexity of engineering sites and the non-operability of tests, the research of plane stress wave propagation and stress field evolution law is simulated and developed in a laboratory to become a good choice.
In the prior art, the light air cannon flat plate impact test device represented by A.J. Rosakis not only can simulate natural earthquake fracture, but also can simulate physical phenomena such as the influence of mine explosion shock waves on fracture of a cementing surface of a layered filler, abrupt sliding of a metal material along an interface and the like, so that the light air cannon flat plate impact test device is widely applied. However, the light air gun flat plate impact test device is inconvenient to operate and low in control precision because the on-site manual adjustment is needed for the heightening and loading equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a low-speed light air gun impact test device which aims to solve the problems of inconvenient operation and low control precision in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
a low-speed light air cannon impact test apparatus comprising:
the sample height adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the sample;
the axial loading device is arranged above the sample heightening device and is used for loading a preset axial pressure on the sample;
the impact protection device is arranged at the periphery of the axial loading device and is used for applying preset impact force to the sample;
and the digital signal controller is used for controlling the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment to work.
Preferably, the digital signal controller is provided with motor control software, or the digital signal controller is connected with a terminal provided with the motor control software;
the motor control software is software for controlling the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment to work.
Preferably, the motor control software is further configured to control operation of the impact protection apparatus.
Preferably, the sample heightening apparatus includes:
a base;
the adjusting rod is arranged between the base and the axial loading equipment;
a first motor for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller;
and the height-adjusting piston is arranged on the base and is driven by the first motor to adjust the height of the sample.
Preferably, the sample heightening apparatus further comprises:
and the bolts are used for locking the base on the ground.
Preferably, the axial loading device comprises:
the lower plate is used for being fixedly connected with the sample heightening equipment;
an upper plate fixedly connected with the lower plate through a pressure rod;
a second motor for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller;
the pressure head is arranged at the bottom of the upper plate and is driven by the second motor to load a preset axial pressure on the sample;
a backing plate disposed between the ram and the sample.
Preferably, the axial loading device further comprises:
a first clamp and a second clamp for locking the sample;
the first clamp is fixedly connected with the lower plate; the second clamp is arranged between the base plate and the sample and is fixedly connected with the base plate.
Preferably, the impact protection apparatus includes:
the cushion block is connected with the sample;
the protective box is wrapped by the cushion block, and a channel groove for transmitting the light air cannon pellets to the cushion block is arranged in the protective box;
the split washer is arranged at the inlet of the protective box, and the through hole of the split washer is communicated with the channel groove;
and the gun tube is used for launching the light air gun shots at a preset distance of the entrance of the protective box.
Preferably, the impact protection apparatus further comprises:
the buffer object is arranged between the inner wall of the protective box and the channel groove;
the bullet storage groove is arranged at the bottom of the protective box.
Preferably, the outer surface of the split washer is arc-shaped.
The low-speed light air gun impact test device provided by the application comprises: the device comprises a sample height adjusting device for adjusting the height of a sample, an axial loading device for loading the sample with preset axial pressure, an impact protection device for applying preset impact force to the sample, and a digital signal controller for controlling the sample height adjusting device and the axial loading device to work. The digital signal controller replaces manual work to control the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the control precision is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application and that other drawings may be obtained from them without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-speed light air gun impact test device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a low velocity light gas gun impact test apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a low velocity light air cannon impact test apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application provides a low-speed light air gun impact test device, which aims to solve the problems that equipment is scattered, on-site splicing is needed, and axial loading equipment is inconvenient to operate and low in control precision in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
specifically, this low-speed light air cannon impact test device, see fig. 1, includes:
a specimen elevation device 100 for adjusting the height of a specimen;
an axial loading device 200 disposed above the specimen elevating device 100 for loading a specimen with a preset axial pressure;
an impact protection device 300 disposed at the periphery of the axial loading device 200 for applying a preset impact force to the sample;
a digital signal controller 400 for controlling the operation of the sample elevation device 100 and the axial loading device 200.
Preferably, the digital signal controller 400 is installed with motor control software therein, or the digital signal controller 400 is connected with a terminal installed with motor control software;
the motor control software is software for controlling the operation of the sample elevating apparatus 100 and the axial loading apparatus 200.
The specific working principle is as follows:
the digital signal controller 400 is connected to the sample elevating device 100 and the axial loading device 200 through data lines, respectively. In a specific practical application, the digital signal controller 400 may be provided with a 7-inch digital display touch operation screen and a memory 32G, and of course, other types of devices may also be adopted, which is not limited herein; the digital signal controller 400 may also be connected to a terminal (such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a mobile tablet, etc.) through a USB data line, and controlled by pre-installed motor control software. When the test is performed, the power switch of the digital signal controller 400 is turned on first, and then the motor control software pre-installed in the digital signal controller 400 is turned on, or after the terminal is connected through the data line, the motor control software pre-installed in the terminal is turned on.
Firstly, setting related test parameters by a tester through the motor control software, and then placing a sample of the precast fracture simulated seismic fault on sample heightening equipment 100 to align with a loading center; by controlling the operation of the specimen elevating apparatus 100, the height of the specimen is adjusted so that the center line of the specimen is positioned at an appropriate height. The sample is then subjected to a predetermined axial pressure by controlling the operation of the axial loading device 200. At this time, the impact speed of the light air cannon pellets is set to be a preset low-speed value between 0 and 200m/s through the operation equipment, the impact protection equipment 300 is controlled to apply a preset impact force to the sample, and generation of earthquake waves is simulated. After the test is finished, if the test is not needed to be continued, the sample heightening device 100 and the axial loading device 200 can be controlled to be restored to the initial states, and the sample is taken down. In the process of the test, the change rule of the stress field in the sample can be obtained by means of a digital photoelastic technology and a high-speed camera, so that the simulation results of the propagation of the seismic wave on the fault plane and the fault fracture phenomenon are obtained.
This low-speed light air cannon impact test device that this embodiment provided includes: sample heightening apparatus 100, axial loading apparatus 200, impact protection apparatus 300, and digital signal controller 400. The digital signal controller 400 replaces manual work to control the sample heightening device 100 and the axial loading device 200, so that the operation is simple and convenient, and the control precision is high. And the positions among the three devices are fixed, on-site splicing is not needed, the problem of scattered devices in the prior art is solved, and the application is facilitated.
It should be noted that the motor control software is also used to control the operation of the impact protection apparatus 300. That is, the impact protection apparatus 300 may control the force and speed of the impact of the light air cannon shot through an operation apparatus (such as an operation panel or a hand-held terminal, etc.), may also control through the digital signal controller 400 or a terminal connected to the digital signal controller 400, is not particularly limited herein, and may be within the scope of the present application depending on the specific application environment thereof.
In addition, another embodiment of the present application further provides a specific low-speed light air gun impact test device, and based on the above embodiment and fig. 1, preferably, referring to fig. 2, a sample heightening apparatus includes:
a base 101;
an adjustment lever 102 disposed between the base 101 and the axial loading device;
a first motor 103 for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller 400;
and a height-adjusting piston 104 arranged on the base 101 and used for being driven by the first motor 103 to adjust the height of the sample.
In a specific practical operation, a tester can click a servo motor control button in motor control software through the digital signal controller 400 or a terminal connected with the digital signal controller, firstly operate the first motor 103, adjust the center line of the sample to a proper height, stop the first motor 103 and lock the heightening piston 104.
In a specific practical application, the first motor 103 can adopt an open loop control servo motor, so that the height adjustment stroke is larger, the operation is convenient, and the control is accurate. The first motor 103 may also adopt a closed-loop control servo motor, and correspondingly, a position sensor needs to be further arranged to be connected with the digital signal controller 400, so as to realize closed-loop control of the first motor 103. Of course, other types of motors may be used, and are not specifically limited herein, and are within the scope of the present application.
The heightening piston 104 is controlled by the first motor 103, an automatic locking device is arranged in the heightening piston 104, and when the sample is adjusted to a proper height, the first motor 103 stops rotating and automatically locks the heightening piston 104. In addition, the cylinder body adjusting stroke of the height adjusting piston 104 is larger, for example, 0-200mm, and the height adjusting piston is applicable to the requirements of loading samples with different sizes.
The adjusting rod 102 is made of rigid metal, the diameter of the rod body ranges from 10mm to 30mm, the adjusting rod is in clearance fit with the inner hole of the lower plate 201 in the axial loading device shown in fig. 2, and lubricating oil is smeared.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the sample heightening apparatus further comprises:
a plurality of bolts 105 for locking the base 101 to the ground.
The low-speed light air gun impact test device can be locked on the ground through the bolts 105, so that the whole machine of the low-speed light air gun impact test device is prevented from sliding when the light air gun pellets impact.
And, preferably, referring to fig. 2, the axial loading device thereof comprises:
a lower plate 201, which is used for connecting and fixing with a sample heightening device;
an upper plate 204 fixedly connected to the lower plate 201 through a pressure rod 203;
a second motor 205 for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller 400;
a pressure head 206 disposed at the bottom of the upper plate 204, for being driven by the second motor 205 to apply a preset axial pressure to the sample;
a backing plate 207 disposed between the ram 206 and the test specimen.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the axial loading device further comprises:
a first clamp 202 and a second clamp 208 for locking the sample;
the first clamp 202 is fixedly connected with the lower plate 201; the second clamp 208 is provided between the pad 207 and the sample, and is fixedly connected to the pad 207.
In a specific practical operation, after the sample is adjusted to a proper height by the sample raising apparatus, the lower end of the sample may be completely locked by the bolts in the first clamp 202.
The first clamp 202 has a larger adjusting range and can clamp samples with different thicknesses; in addition, the inner surface of the ball screw is provided with raised threads, so that the friction force for clamping the sample can be increased, and the sample is prevented from sliding due to loose clamping under the strong impact action of the light air cannon ball.
The second motor 205 operates under the control of the digital signal controller 400 to drive the ram 206, the backing plate 207 and the second clamp 208 to move downward, and when the pressure on the sample reaches a preset axial pressure, the loading of the second motor 205 is automatically stopped. It is then possible to choose whether to lock the second clamp 208 connected to the backing plate 207 according to the test requirements.
In a specific practical application, the second motor 205 can adopt an open loop control servo motor, and the motor provides a large axial load of the pressure head 206, so that the impact test of a high-axial pressure loading sample can be simulated; a closed loop control servo motor may also be used, and correspondingly, a pressure sensor is also required to be connected with the digital signal controller 400, so as to realize closed loop control of the second motor 205. Of course, other types of motors may be used, and are not specifically limited herein, and are within the scope of the present application.
The ram 206 may be made of a rigid metal material, and a ram with a larger loading stroke, for example, a maximum loading stroke of 50mm, and may be suitable for loading materials with different strain rates.
The first clamp 202 and the second clamp 208 can be rigid bodies with protruding textures on inner sides and connected through screws and nuts, the thickness of clamping pieces can be 20mm, and the thickness range of clamping samples can be 8-16mm, so that the impact sliding function of the samples is prevented.
In addition, preferably, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the impact protection apparatus includes:
the cushion block is connected with the sample;
the protective box 301 wraps the cushion block, and a channel groove 302 for transmitting the light air cannon pellets to the cushion block is arranged in the protective box 301;
a split washer 303 provided at an inlet of the protection box 301, the through hole of the split washer 303 communicating with the channel groove 302;
a gun barrel 304 for firing a light air gun shot at a preset distance from the entrance of the protective housing 301.
Preferably, the impact protection apparatus further comprises:
a buffer object arranged between the inner wall of the protective box 301 and the channel groove 302;
a bullet storage groove arranged at the bottom of the protective box 301.
Preferably, referring to FIG. 2, the outer surface of the diverter gasket 303 is arcuate.
In a specific practical application, the protection box 301 may be made of a rigid metal material, the thickness of the cavity is 5mm, and the inner wall of the cavity may be provided with a buffer object, for example, a sponge with the thickness of 10mm may be attached to the inner wall of the cavity, so as to slow down the impact collision effect of the light air cannon projectile in the cavity, prolong the service life of the cavity, and increase the protection safety.
In practical application, the protection box 301 can be disassembled and replaced according to the caliber difference of the gun barrel required by the test, so that the aperture channels with different sizes, namely the channel grooves 302, can be realized, and different impact loading requirement designs can be met. The channel 302 is a free channel of a steel spacer attached to the target specimen, such as 16mm wide and 100mm long; in the test, the purpose of indirectly impacting the sample can be achieved through the impact cushion block, and the channel groove 302 can prevent the light air cannon pellets from flying out of the cavity, so that some potential safety hazards are caused.
The split washer 12 is a rigid metal material and is adjustable at a distance of 20-70mm from the muzzle. In practical application, the diameter of the through hole of the shunt gasket 303 can be designed to be 2-3mm larger than the diameter of the light air cannon ball, so that the incident safety of the light air cannon ball can be improved, and the situation that the design aperture is too small, and the light air cannon ball directly strikes the surface of the shunt gasket 303 to cause equipment damage can be prevented.
The diversion gasket 303 adopts an arc-shaped surface structure, so that the impact air flow is facilitated to diffuse outwards along the surface of the gasket, the impact interference effect of the strong impact air flow carried by the light air gun pellets ejected from the muzzle on the target sample by the cavity of the protective box 301 is greatly weakened, the impact effect of the light air gun pellets is more real, and the test result is more accurate and reliable.
And the protective box 301 and the split washer 303 are connected with the gun barrel 304 through the screw rod 305 and the nut 306, so that compared with the protective design of the light gas gun shaft pressure loading equipment in the prior art, the light gas gun projectile cannot go out of the cavity, and is safer and more reliable.
In addition, a bullet storage groove capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the bottom of the protective box 301, so that the waste bullets can be stored, and the waste bullets can be uniformly taken out after the test is finished.
In the low-speed light air gun impact test device provided by the embodiment, when a test is performed, a sample is firstly clamped onto a first clamp 202 connected with a lower plate 201, corresponding buttons in a digital signal controller 400 are opened by setting loading parameters on a computer, a pressure head 206 and a heightening piston 104 are respectively controlled by two motors to move according to the setting parameters, after the loading is stable, the lower end part of the sample is locked by utilizing a bolt lock, and whether the upper end part of the sample is locked by utilizing a second clamp 208 connected with a backing plate 207 is selected according to test design requirements. Then, the light air cannon is started, so that the light air cannon pellets are shot into the protective box 301 through the cannon tube 304, and impact the cube cushion block connected with the surface of the sample, thereby achieving the side impact effect on the two-dimensional flat sample.
In the process, the loading and heightening of the sample are controlled by using the servo motor, so that the operation is convenient and the result is accurate. The whole system is safe, accurate, simple and convenient and efficient in operation, can be applied to most of flat side shear impact tests by utilizing the light air cannon, comprises a joint surface and a test sample impact test without the joint surface, wherein the upper end is locked, the lower end is locked or both the upper end and the lower end are locked, and can simulate the propagation of dynamic stress waves and the evolution law of dynamic stress fields generated by dynamic disasters such as earthquake, blasting, rock burst and the like.
The rest of the working principles are the same as those of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.
In the application, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly used for illustrating the difference from other embodiments, and the same similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any way. While the application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present application or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A low-speed light air cannon impact test apparatus, comprising:
the sample height adjusting device is used for adjusting the height of the sample;
the axial loading device is arranged above the sample heightening device and is used for loading a preset axial pressure on the sample;
the impact protection device is arranged at the periphery of the axial loading device and is used for applying preset impact force to the sample;
the digital signal controller is used for controlling the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment to work;
the sample heightening device comprises: a base; the adjusting rod is arranged between the base and the axial loading equipment; a first motor for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller; the height-adjusting piston is arranged on the base and is driven by the first motor to adjust the height of the sample;
the axial loading device comprises: the lower plate is used for being fixedly connected with the sample heightening equipment; an upper plate fixedly connected with the lower plate through a pressure rod; a second motor for operating according to the control of the digital signal controller; the pressure head is arranged at the bottom of the upper plate and is driven by the second motor to load a preset axial pressure on the sample; a backing plate disposed between the ram and the sample;
the impact protection apparatus includes: the cushion block is connected with the sample; the protective box is wrapped by the cushion block, and a channel groove for transmitting the light air cannon pellets to the cushion block is arranged in the protective box; the split washer is arranged at the inlet of the protective box, and the through hole of the split washer is communicated with the channel groove; and the gun tube is used for launching the light air gun shots at a preset distance of the entrance of the protective box.
2. The low-speed light air gun impact test device according to claim 1, wherein the digital signal controller is provided with motor control software, or is connected with a terminal provided with the motor control software;
the motor control software is software for controlling the sample heightening equipment and the axial loading equipment to work.
3. The low velocity light air cannon impact test apparatus of claim 2, wherein the motor control software is further adapted to control the operation of the impact protection device.
4. The low-speed light air cannon impact test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the specimen elevating device further comprises:
and the bolts are used for locking the base on the ground.
5. The low-speed light air cannon impact test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the axial loading device further comprises:
a first clamp and a second clamp for locking the sample;
the first clamp is fixedly connected with the lower plate; the second clamp is arranged between the base plate and the sample and is fixedly connected with the base plate.
6. The low-speed light air cannon impact test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the impact protection device further comprises:
the buffer object is arranged between the inner wall of the protective box and the channel groove;
the bullet storage groove is arranged at the bottom of the protective box.
7. The low-velocity light air cannon impact test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the diverter gasket is arcuate.
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| CN201710896598.0A CN107643221B (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2017-09-28 | Low-speed light air gun impact test device |
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| CN201710896598.0A CN107643221B (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2017-09-28 | Low-speed light air gun impact test device |
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| CN113281197B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-11-15 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | Vertical light gas gun capable of moving in multiple dimensions |
| CN113503769B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-10-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Impact force measurement experimental device based on light air gun and its installation method |
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