CN1075971C

CN1075971C - Method and apparatus for knurling workpiece, method of molding articles with such workpiece, and such molded article

Info

Publication number: CN1075971C
Application number: CN95197973A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒂莫西·L·胡普曼; 斯坦利·B·柯林斯; 詹姆斯·A·塞维图斯
Original assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: 3M Co
Priority date: 1995-10-05
Filing date: 1995-10-05
Publication date: 2001-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 2015-10-05
Also published as: CN1200689A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for knurling and processing work pieces. A knurling pattern is provided with an inclined helical angle corresponding to a longitudinal shaft of a cylindrical work piece. The present inveniton also discloses a molding product manufactured by the method that the inverse pattern of the knurling pattern is printed on the molding product in the method that the molding product is molded by a knurling work piece, a method which forms a structural abrasive product by the molding product and the abrasive product manufactured by the method.

Description

Be used for the method for annular knurl processing work and the annular knurl workpiece that is processed into

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of annular knurl processing work and annular knurl workpiece that is processed into of being used for.

Technical background

The present invention is used to make an abrasive product, and this abrasive product is for being provided with a structured abrasives layer on a base material.This abrasive material comprises accurate abrasive particle and adhesive, and three-dimensional abrasive material complex is molded onto on the base material.

Structured abrasives is a kind of abrasive product, wherein has the abrasive material complex that comprises the many abrasive particles that are dispersed in the adhesive on the first type surface of base material.Adhesive plays the medium effect that disperses abrasive particle, and also complex can be adhered on the base material.Complex has predetermined 3D shape, for example taper.Under a kind of form, the size of given composition shape can be made uniform basically, and can be dispersed into predetermined arrangement.Predetermined arrangement can be rectilinear or can be rectangular.

This structured abrasive article can be by a kind of roughly following method preparation.The slurry that contains the mixture of adhesive precursor and many abrasive particles is applied on the tool of production, and this instrument has the die cavity that becomes negative shape with abrasive material complex net shape.Base material is contacted with the exposing surface of the tool of production, and first first type surface of the moistening base material of slurry is to form intermediate like this.Then, break away from intermediate that the exposing surface of the tool of production is partly solidified at least with adhesive before forming structured abrasive article, sclerosis or gel.Unload abrasive product and fully sclerosis (if not sclerosis fully its step formerly) from the tool of production then.In addition, slurry can be applied on first first type surface of base material, and the tool of production can contact with first first type surface of base material then.The delicate nature of complex can produce has highly conforming abrasive product.This uniformity also can make its performance splendid.

Structured abrasives, the method and apparatus description to some extent in the United States Patent (USP) 5,152,917 " structured abrasive article " (Pieper etc.) of authorizing on October 6th, 1992 that is used to make this structured abrasives, this paper is with reference to its entire chapter document.Enlightened a kind of abrasive product in the embodiment of Pieper etc., comprised the abrasive product with precision molding abrasive material complex that is adhered on the base material, wherein this complex comprises abrasive particle and adhesive.Pieper etc. has also enlightened a kind of basically according to the method for aforesaid this structured abrasive article of manufacturing in other some chapters.It can be band, sheet that Pieper etc. have enlightened the tool of production, be coated with roller, be installed in the sleeve or the mould that are coated with on the roller, and preferable instrument is to be coated with roller.People such as Pieper have enlightened in some instances by thermoplastic resin being molded on the metal tools can copy the plastics-production instrument by prototype tool.This metal tools can by with a plurality of metal parts that are processed into required configuration by diamond turning, etching, milling, be assembled into a branch of making, perhaps process by other mechanical device or by electroforming.

Structured abrasives and other example of making its method and apparatus are disclosed in during the United States Patent (USP) 5,435,816 of authorizing July 25 nineteen ninety-five such as Spurgeon etc. " makes the method for abrasive product ", herein with reference to its entire chapter document.Enlightened a kind of method of making abrasive product among the embodiment of Spurgeon etc., these goods comprise according to aforesaid method roughly and are adhered to abrasive material complex at interval accurate and directed in the basic unit.Except other operation, people such as Spurgeon have also enlightened a kind of thermoplastic tool of production that can make according to following operation.A kind of master tool at first is provided.This master tool preferably is made of metal, as nickel.This master tool can be made by any traditional handicraft, as etching, milling, annular knurl, electroforming, diamond turning, Laser Processing etc.This master tool has the anti-pattern that is used for the tool of production in its surface.Can carry out mold pressing to form pattern to thermoplastic material with master tool.When but being in flow regime, thermoplastic material can carry out mold pressing.After mold pressing, thermoplastic material can cool off.Spurgeon etc. have also enlightened the tool of production and can have been made by thermosetting resin or radiation hardening resin.And Spurgeon etc. have also mentioned available annular knurl processing master tool haply, but they do not have to specifically describe, illustrate or propose the concrete grammar of annular knurl processing master tool.

Known have two kinds of annular knurl method for processing.Annular knurl processing is generally undertaken by the first annular knurl processing method, is called roller annular knurl or shaping annular knurl.The shaping annular knurl is pressed in by the knurled wheel that will have pattern on the working surface and carries out on the workpiece.Knurled wheel has the pattern opposite with the pattern that will give workpiece.The checkering tool working surface is pressed on the workpiece with sufficient force so that workpiece outer surface cold forming or add and be pressed into the figure consistent with the knurled wheel pattern.The relative workpiece of knurled wheel is directed to carry out by making to be called the second annular knurl processing method of cutting annular knurl, like this knurled wheel by removing metal fillings on workpiece cutting pattern.Two kinds of traditional annular knurl processing methods all are the patterns at the bottom of the biography seal rhombus, and wherein rhombus all is arranged on the direction vertical with the cylindrical work longitudinal axis.Also adopted traditional annular knurl processing method to pass the square ground patterns of seal, wherein each limit of square and workpiece longitudinal axis are at 45.The same with argyle design, square pattern also is arranged on the direction vertical with the cylindrical work longitudinal axis.These processing methods generally all are used for a non-slippage pattern biography is printed on handle for tool, machinery control knop or the similar articles.

Referring now to Fig. 1-10 a kind of known tradition cutting Knurling device and method are described.Shown in Fig. 1-2, checkering tool 10 is used for a kind of pattern is rolled into the cylindrical outer surface 34 of workpiece 30.First knurled wheel 12 and second knurled wheel 14 all are installed on the knurled wheel support 16.As shown in Figure 3, tool holder 16 comprises a pair of erection column that has first section 20 and second sections 22 separately.Cap screw 18 was inserted the centre bore of knurled wheel and was fixed on second section of erection column 22.First knurled wheel 12 and second knurled wheel 14 rotate freely around axle 26 and axle 28 respectively.Knurled wheel support 16 has Center Symmetry Plane 24.Erection column is parallel to plane 24 for first section 20.Second section 22 of erection column and central plane 24 are at angle.This angle makes the pivot center 26 relative central planes 24 angled (a) of first knurled wheel 12.Angle (a) is for perpendicular to the page and comprise the plane of axis 26 and perpendicular to the angle between the central plane 24 of the page.Pivot center 28 directions of second knurled wheel 14 are relative central plane 24 angled (b).Angle (b) is for perpendicular to the page and comprise the plane of axis 28 and perpendicular to the angle between the central plane 24 of the page.Equally as shown in Figure 6, the direction of second section of erection column makes the axis 26 of first knurled wheel to workpiece 30 angle of inclination (f ₁).Angle (f ₁) for tangent first plane in surface of the work and the first knurled wheel contact point place with perpendicular to page or leaf and comprise angle between second plane of axis 26.Equally, the axis 28 of second knurled wheel is as shown in Figure 8 to workpiece 30 angle of inclination (f ₂).Angle (f ₂) for tangent first plane in surface of the work and the second knurled wheel contact point place with perpendicular to page or leaf with comprise angle between second plane of axis 28.

Knurled wheel 12 is illustrated in Fig. 9 and 10 in more detail.Knurled wheel 12 has a plurality of teeth 44 on the working surface outside it.Each tooth 44 comprises tooth ridge 48, mark of mouth 50 and side surface 52.Knurled wheel 12 comprises that also principal phase is to surface 42 (only showing one side).Converge first type surface 42 places at the side surface 52 of tooth 44 and be formed with an edge 46.Tooth 44 has tooth ridge angle theta.The tooth 44 of second knurled wheel 14 has the configuration identical with first knurled wheel 12.

The Zeus of a kind of typical checkering tool 10 for buying from the Eagle Rock technology Co., Ltd in pennsylvania, USA Bath city ^TMNo. 209, board cutting checkering tool.As shown in Figure 3, this checkering tool 10 generally has first and second

knurled wheels

12,14, and wherein the direction of tooth 44 is parallel to each wheel axis 26,28.Therefore, tooth has the angle (c) that records with the workpiece contact point at wheel, it be angle (a) and (b) with, and its center is on central plane 24.Angle (a) and (b) generally respectively be 30 ° is so angle (c) is 60 °.Under this structure, checkering tool 10 will form knurled pattern at the bottom of the rhombus, have 60 ° and 120 ° of diagonal angles at the bottom of the quadrangle rhombus.This checkering tool 10 also constitutes and can make each erection column around its longitudinal axis rotation of first section 20 separately.This rotates regulated quantity and can proofread and correct according to the diameter of workpiece 30.This regulated quantity can be made angle (a) and (b), (f according to concrete workpiece ₁) and (f ₂) with the workpiece of annular knurl cutting various sizes.

Known cutting tool 10 operations are illustrated among Fig. 1 and 2.The erection column pivot is adjusting angle (a) and (b), (f suitably to calibrate according to diameter of work ₁) and (f ₂).Workpiece 30 can be rotated along direction A by a kind of traditional lathe drive unit.Instrument 10 moves until obtain required cooperation between tooth 44 and workpiece 30 to workpiece 30.Workpiece 30 can make knurled wheel rotate in opposite direction in the rotation of direction A.Instrument 10 is installed in as known in the art in the proper implements drive unit, and horizontal on the direction B parallel with workpiece 30 longitudinal axis 36.So annular knurl is processed first end 32 from workpiece 34, and carry out to the second end (not shown) continuously along direction B.Because the bisecting line of bottom angle (c) and the central plane 24 of cutting tool 10 all are parallel to the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece, so knurled pattern is arranged on the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece 30 at the bottom of the rhombus.

As mentioned above, known checkering tool 10 can workpiece upload the seal square at the bottom of knurled pattern.This can be undertaken by checkering tool is arranged in as shown in Figure 4.The checkering tool of Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 3ly do not exist together only is that knurled wheel 12 ' and 14 ' has wherein replaced

wheel

12 and 14 respectively.In first knurled wheel 12 ', it is first tine angle (d) that the direction of tooth 44 is left wheel axis 26.In second knurled wheel 14 ', it is second tine angle (e) that tooth 44 leaves wheel axis 28.Known, the direction of the

relative axis

26,28 with (e) of angle (d) is for deviating from central plane 24 as shown in the figure, perhaps all towards central plane 24.Therefore, by the formed angle of the tooth on each knurled wheel (c) equal angle (a) and (d) sum add upper angle (b) and (e) sum.Adopt the aforesaid instrument of buying, angle (a) and (b) all be 30 ° separately, angle (d) and (e) respectively do for oneself 15 °.This takes turns 12 ' and 14 ' tooth and leaves central plane 24 angles at 45 separately.This constitutes 90 ° of angles (c), and its bisecting line is parallel to central plane 24.The operation of the instrument 10 of Fig. 4 such as above described identical in conjunction with Fig. 3 instrument.

The pattern that is passed seal by Fig. 4 instrument can be a square ground patterns, and it is arranged on the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece 30.This pattern is illustrated among Figure 13.Knurled pattern will comprise from the outward extending taper 60 of surface of the work.Taper 60 has peak point 62, side 64 and side surface 66.The end of each taper, be made of basic limit 68.Be that 90 ° of angles (c) make basic limit 68 constitute a square.And because angle (c) is the center with plane 24, cone shaped pattern is arranged in vertical with the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece 30.Attentively observe and can see, peak 62a, the 62b of adjacent conical 60 is arranged on the straight line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece 30.

Though the checkering tool of just having addressed of buying is claimed to be the cutting checkering tool, the inventor carefully observes, and is surprised to find that second cutting wheel 14 can not replace cold forming to be cut into pattern in workpiece by removing metal fillings.Thereby, known devices and method can not resemble described herein in the annular knurl processing method two knurled wheels by removing the effect that chip plays the cutting metal certain cutting checkering tool.The practical operation situation of known rose work method will be described in conjunction with Fig. 5-8.

Fig. 5 and 6 has described the direction of first knurled wheel, 12 relative workpiece 30.Clear for illustrating, the remainder of not shown instrument 10.As shown in Figure 11, between the ridge 48 of tooth 44 and surface of the work, be formed with clearance angle α.As shown in Figure 3, workpiece 30 can make first knurled wheel 12 at direction of motion M in the rotation of direction A ₁Last rotation.Workpiece rotates A can resolve into two vectors: 1) wheel motion M ₁With 2) the tangential motion T of relative surface of the work ₁Tangential motion T ₁Be parallel to workpiece longitudinal axis 36, and be in and make tooth 44 cooperate with workpiece on limit 46 before this, and form the cutting annular knurl.Can see motion T ₁Tangential vector equate with sin (a).When the approximate zero of angle (a), tangential vector T ₁Approximate zero, thereby also approximate zero of the motion of the cutting edge 46 relative surface of the works of annular knurl tooth.

As shown in Figure 5, workpiece and the relative motion of the first round 12 are that workpiece is cooperated by the front 46 of each relevant tooth 44 earlier.Figure 11 is the local enlarged diagram of this mated condition of expression.This relative motion is represented by arrow C.This is the limit 46 of tooth flank surface 52 and first type surface 42 intersections, and it plays the cutting edge effect that material is removed from surface of the work 34.Angle of inclination beta tilts at the moving direction of cutting edge 46.This is called " negative incidence " and does not resemble the positive rake effectively, and wherein the inclination angle tilts leaving the direction that cutting edge moves.Fig. 3,5,6 and 11 show the effect of the first cutting knurled wheel 12 that in fact plays the effect of cutting annular knurl.The value of angle (a) is enough big, like this tangential motion T ₁Be enough to produce the cutting annular knurl.

Fig. 7 and 8 shows the direction of second knurled wheel, 14 relative workpiece 30.For clarity sake, the remainder of instrument 10 is not shown.As shown in Figure 12, between the ridge 48 of tooth 44 and surface of the work, be formed with clearance angle α.As shown in Figure 3, the rotation of workpiece 30 on direction A can make second knurled wheel 14 at direction of motion M ₂Last rotation.Workpiece rotates A can resolve into two vectors: 1) wheel motion M ₂With 2) the tangential motion T of relative surface of the work ₂Tangential motion T ₂The longitudinal axis 36 that is parallel to workpiece, and be not first part that contacts with workpiece on the limit 46 of this side up tooth 44.As seen, motion T ₂Tangential vector equal sin (b).When angle (b) approximate zero, tangential vector T ₁Approximate zero.

As shown in Figure 7, to take turns 14 relative motion be that workpiece contacts with tooth ridge 48 earlier rather than contacts with limit 46 earlier to workpiece and second.Figure 12 is the local enlarged diagram of this contact of expression.Relative motion is represented by arrow C.In fact tooth flank surface 52 drags after direction of relative movement with the limit 46 of first type surface 42 intersections.Therefore, workpiece is earlier by ridge 48 contacts of leaving limit 46.This can make the pressurization of second knurled wheel 14 or be shaped and be not from workpiece 30 cuttings and remove material.

Thereby, as seen need a kind of Knurling device and method of certain cutting annular knurl workpiece.Also need a kind of Knurling device and method, wherein knurled pattern does not originally line up in the direction perpendicular to the workpiece longitudinal axis.In addition, also need to provide a kind of workpiece, it can be used for making at low cost the uninterrupted tool of production of any Len req.Also need to provide a kind of cutting knurled wheel with positive rake.

The general introduction of invention

Proposed a kind of method of annular knurl processing work according to an aspect of the present invention, knurled pattern is not on the direction that is arranged in perpendicular to the workpiece longitudinal axis like this.This method may further comprise the steps:

A) first group of rill passed print on the workpiece, wherein first group of rill has relatively the first rill helical angle perpendicular to the reference plane of workpiece longitudinal axis; And

B) second group of rill biography printed on this workpiece, wherein second group of rill has the second rill helical angle of described relatively reference plane, second group of rill and first group of rill intersect, thereby knurled pattern biography is printed on the workpiece outer surface, the pattern that passes seal by this method is continuous and continual on the workpiece circumference, and first and second groups of rill helical angles different amounts basically.

Said method can form a plurality of tapers (in other pattern) on the workpiece outer surface, each taper comprises first opposite flank that is made of first rill and second opposite flank that is made of second rill.In one embodiment, described taper is the tack taper.The method had both comprised that the cutting annular knurl also comprised the shaping annular knurl.

The present invention has proposed a kind of annular knurl processing work that is shaped by said method on the other hand.Wherein knurled pattern is not on the direction vertical with the cylindrical work longitudinal axis.The annular knurl workpiece comprises:

Have the cylinder of a longitudinal axis and a cylindrical outer surface, have knurled pattern on the described outer surface;

Wherein said knurled pattern comprises:

First group of rill, described first group of rill have relatively the first rill helical angle perpendicular to the reference plane of described workpiece longitudinal axis;

Second group of rill, described second group of rill has the second rill helical angle of described relatively reference plane, and described second group of rill and described first group of rill intersect; And

Described knurled pattern is continuous and continual around described workpiece circumference, and the described first and second rill helical angles are different measuring basically.

In one embodiment, first and second rills intersect a plurality of tapers of formation on the described outer surface of described workpiece, and each taper comprises first opposite flank that is made of first rill and second opposite flank that is made of second rill.In one embodiment, but the taper of described taper tack.

The summary of accompanying drawing

Introduce the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, identical structure is illustrated by same numeral among wherein several figure, and wherein:

Fig. 1 is used for the known devices of annular knurl processing work and the local schematic end view of method;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1 device;

Fig. 3 is the known checkering tool that intercepted along the line 3-3 among Fig. 1 and the front view of two knurled wheels;

Fig. 4 similarly schemes with Fig. 3, shows another embodiment of known knurled wheel;

Fig. 5 is the view of the first known knurled wheel with a known way contact workpiece, has for clarity sake removed support;

Fig. 6 is along the view of Fig. 5 wheel on direction 6;

Fig. 7 is the view of the second known knurled wheel with a known way contact workpiece, has for clarity sake removed support;

Fig. 8 is the view that is intercepted along knurled wheel direction 8 among Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the plane of known knurled wheel;

Figure 10 is the partial cross section view of wheel 10-10 along the line among Fig. 9;

Figure 11 is the zoomed-in view of the first known wheel contact workpiece when using with a known way;

Figure 12 is the zoomed-in view of the second known wheel contact workpiece when using with a known way;

Figure 13 passes the pattern plane that prints on the workpiece with known checkering tool with a known way;

Figure 14 is the front view according to checkering tool of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the local schematic end view according to a step of the apparatus and method that are used for the annular knurl workpiece of the present invention;

Figure 16 is the device of Figure 15 and the top view of workpiece;

Figure 17 is and the similar view of Figure 15 to show second step of the method according to this invention;

Figure 18 is the top view of Figure 17 device and workpiece;

Figure 19 passes the pattern plane that prints on the workpiece by apparatus and method of the present invention;

Figure 20 is the partial cross section view of workpiece 20-20 along the line among Figure 19;

Figure 21 is the partial cross section view according to knurled wheel of the present invention;

Figure 22 is the zoomed-in view of the knurled wheel contact workpiece among Figure 21;

Figure 23 is the partial schematic diagram that is used to make the apparatus and method of the tool of production of the present invention;

Figure 24 is the plane of the tool of production of Figure 23;

Figure 25 is a partial schematic diagram of producing the apparatus and method of abrasive product with the tool of production of the present invention;

Figure 26 is and the similar view of Figure 25 to show the another kind of embodiment of apparatus and method;

Figure 27 is the plane of the abrasive article that makes according to the present invention; And

Figure 28 is the cross-sectional view of the abrasive article 28-28 along the line among Figure 27.

Detailed description of the present invention

The invention provides a kind of novel method and device that is used for the annular knurl processing work.Made workpiece can be used for making a kind of improved tool of production, to be used for the manufacturing structure abrasive article.Certainly, method and apparatus as herein described can be used for the annular knurl processing work of other purpose, and can be used for by being not that workpiece for the tool of production as herein described is produced goods

Rose work method and device

Referring to Figure 14, the checkering tool 10 of visible preferred embodiment according to the present invention.Checkering tool 10 is used for the pattern annular knurl is worked into the cylindrical outer surface 34 of workpiece 30.First knurled wheel 12 ' and second knurled wheel 14 all are installed on the knurled wheel support 16.Tool holder 16 comprises a pair of mounting column, and they have first section 20 and second sections 22 separately.Band cap screw 18 inserts the centre bore of knurled wheels and is fixed to second section of mounting column 22.The first round 12 ' and second takes turns 14 and freely rotates around axis 26 and 28 respectively.Knurled wheel support 16 has a Center Symmetry Plane 24.The first mounting column section 20 is parallel to this plane 24.The second mounting column section 22 and central plane 24 are at angle.This structure makes the pivot center 26 relative central planes 24 angled (a) of first knurled wheel 12 '.Angle (a) is one to be formed on perpendicular to the page and to contain the plane of axis 26 and perpendicular to the angle between the central plane 24 of the page.The pivot center 28 relative central planes 24 angled (b) of second knurled wheel 14.Angle (b) is for perpendicular to the page and contain the plane of axis 28 and perpendicular to the angle between the central plane 24 of the page.As Fig. 3,6 is the same with the instrument of the prior art shown in 8, and second section direction of mounting column makes the axis 26 of first knurled wheel to workpiece 30 obliquely-angled (f ₁) and the axis 28 that makes second knurled wheel to workpiece 30 obliquely-angled (f ₂).Checkering tool 10 configurations make each mounting column around its longitudinal axis rotation of first section 20 separately.This rotation regulated quantity can be proofreaied and correct according to the diameter of workpiece 30.This regulated quantity will make angle (a) and (b), (f ₁) and (f ₂) to specific workpiece orientation to adapt to the workpiece of cutting annular knurl various sizes.

As shown in Figures 9 and 10, each knurled wheel working surface outside it has a plurality of teeth 44.Tooth 44 comprises tooth ridge 48, tooth paddy 50 and side surface 52.Each knurled wheel comprises that also principal phase is to surface 42 (only illustrating one).Side surface 52 and first type surface 42 intersections at tooth 44 form limit 46.Tooth has the ridge angle theta.

A kind of preferable Zeus of tool holder 16 for buying from the Eagle Rock technology Co., Ltd in pennsylvania, USA Bath city ^TMNo. the 209th, board cutting checkering tool.Angle (a) and (b) generally respectively do for oneself 30 °, formed angle (c) is 60 °.As mentioned above, this checkering tool 10 generally disposes first and second knurled wheels in a known way, and wherein tooth 44 all is parallel to

wheel axis

26,28 separately, perhaps the off-

axis

26,28 equally all of the tooth on each wheel.Therefore, when instrument 10 provided in a known way, tooth had the angle (c) of center on central plane 24.This structure can be arranged knurled pattern as described above on the vertical direction of workpiece longitudinal axis 36.In some cases, this structure is applicable to the present invention.

In addition, as shown in figure 14, the invention provides a kind of checkering tool 10, wherein first knurled wheel 12 ' and second knurled wheel 14 all have different angle (d) and tooth pattern (e).For example, illustrated 12 ' the first round tine angle (d) of taking turns with relative wheel axis 26, the illustrated wheel has the tooth that aligns with wheel axis 28 on 14, and making second like this, to take turns tine angle (e) be 0 °.So formed angle (c) is that angle (a) and angle (d) add upper angle (b) sum between tooth.This makes the bisecting line of angle (c) and central plane 24 not parallel and angled (g) (illustrated, as to be benchmark with the plane 24 ' parallel with central plane 24).As seen, angle (g) equals 1/2nd of angle (d).Deflecting angle (g) makes knurled pattern not on the direction vertical with the workpiece longitudinal axis 36, but the direction of vertical axes 36 becomes helical angle (h) relatively, hereinafter will describe in detail.

In a kind of preferable structure, first round angle and second is taken turns angle (a) and (b) is respectively done for oneself 30 °, and first round tine angle (d) is 30 °, and second to take turns tine angle (e) be 0 °.This can provide cutting bottom angle (c) 90 °, and it prints to square bottom surface knurled pattern biography on the workpiece.This structure also can provide the 15 ° of angles (g) that depart from central plane 24.This can pass the helical angle on the knurled pattern (h) and print on the workpiece 30, preferably sees Figure 19.Can learn that the deflecting angle (g) of bottom angle (c) can equate with the cone-type spiral angle (h) on the workpiece.Yet the inventor observes and to learn, the helical angle on the workpiece (h) roughly equates with tooth deflecting angle (g), and generally is slightly less than tooth drift angle (g).Can believe the angle (f of non-zero ₁) and (f ₂) effect produced angle (g) and (h) between little difference.

Some other structure also is possible.Wheel axis angle (a) and (b) can be any required, enough big angle to be keeping above-mentioned cutting annular knurl, and can equate with another or not wait.Any, two or neither one knurled wheel can have tine angle (d), (e).For non-zero helical angle (h) is provided, must provide slightly drift angle (g) to bottom angle (c) on knurled pattern.This can by suitable chosen axis line angle (a) and (b) and incline drift angle (d) and the combination (e) of desired tooth realize.If angle (a) is identical with (b), the tine angle of taking turns so on 12 and 14 must be different.If tine angle equates, must provide different wheel angle (a) and (b).If different wheel angle (a) and (b) is provided, wheel tine angle (d) can be identical with (e), and is perhaps different, just can not as long as they do not make wheel angle (a) and difference change (b) bear.Equally, can recognize, and rotate and to provide helical angle (h) to knurled pattern relative to the longitudinal axis 36 of workpiece 30 by entire tool 10 with the annular knurl bottom angle (c) that centers on plane 24 and do not have drift angle (g).

For square end knurled pattern, must select to take turns angle (a) and (b), tine angle (d) and (e) so that 90 ° bottom angle (c) to be provided.For knurled pattern at the bottom of the rhombus of any required angle, can provide non-90 ° angle (c) by selecting wheel angle and tine angle.For example, aforesaid, 60 ° angle (c) will pass the seal knurled pattern, wherein have 60 ° at diagonal angle and 120 ° of diagonal angles at the bottom of the rhombus.

The adoptable tool holder that other can be buied includes, but is not limited to the CNC-107-100 instrument buied by Texas, USA East bernard city Dorian Tool international corporation among the present invention.

Preferred approach according to annular knurl processing work of the present invention is illustrated among Figure 15-18.As shown in figure 15, cutting tool 10 at first only has first knurled wheel 12 ', and does not have second knurled wheel.Workpiece 30 rotates at direction A around its longitudinal axis 36.Instrument 10 is shifted to workpiece 30 then until obtain required contact between knurled wheel and workpiece.Workpiece rotates the first annular knurl crop rotation rightabout in the rotation of direction A.As shown in figure 16, instrument 10 is on the direction B of the axle 36 that is parallel to workpiece, and 32 places move around since first end.Tooth 44 on the first round 12 ' forms the first spiral rill pattern then in workpiece outer surface 34.The cutting edge 46 of annular knurl tooth is illustrated among Figure 11 with contacting of workpiece.As in conjunction with 3 introduce, the rotation of workpiece 30 is at direction M ₁Last driving knurled wheel has the tangential motion vector T of relative surface of the work ₁, and make the limit 46 first contact workpieces 30 of annular knurl tooth 44.This can make wheel 12 ' cutting annular knurl by Figure 15 and 16 described such uses the time.For less clearance angle α and angle of inclination beta, the rill angle of the first group rill of cutting in workpiece is substantially equal to the ridge angle theta of annular knurl tooth.Spiral rill in the workpiece will have first ridge 38 corresponding with cutting gear teeth paddy 50.Rill also has first paddy 40 corresponding with first gear teeth ridge 48.The helical angle of first rill is substantially equal to first round angle (a) and tine angle (d) sum.The first rill helical angle G ₁Be shown among Figure 16, when being measured as positive angle G when changeing counterclockwise from the reference system R vertical with the workpiece longitudinal axis 36 ₁Helical angle G ₁Value and all related helical angles of this paper be defined as follows.Recording pitch earlier is the distance that spiral advances in once rotating.The arc tangent that helical angle is defined as by π multiply by screw diameter divided by pitch then.Helical angle shown in the figure is simplified slightly, and marks.In a preferred embodiment, tool holder 16 is configured to first round angle (a) with 30 ° and 30 ° first round tine angle (d), and such first rill will have and be substantially equal to 60 ° helical angle G ₁Clearance angle α and workpiece 30 and make direction of relative movement between first knurled wheel 12 ' of limit 46 cutting contact mainly by rotation direction A decision, and be not the less speed decision that laterally moves around by direction B.Therefore, the direction of instrument 10 from second end of workpiece 30 to first end 32 laterally moved around, with the cutting annular knurl first spiral rill pattern.

After forming first rill, remove the first round 12 ', and take turns 14 with second as illustrated in fig. 17 and be installed on the support 16.Workpiece 30 is gone up rotation with the direction of the first round 12 ' middle appearance or opposite direction A ' now.Instrument 10 is shifted to workpiece 30 then up to obtain required contact between second knurled wheel 14 and workpiece.The rotation of workpiece on direction A ' rotated second knurled wheel in the opposite direction.As shown in figure 18, instrument 10 laterally moves around on the direction B of the axle 36 that is parallel to workpiece, and this is since first end, 32 places.Second take turns 14 tooth 44 and on workpiece outer surface 34, form the second spiral rill pattern then.These rills intersect with first rill.Visible cutting edge 46 of annular knurl tooth and contacting of workpiece in Figure 11.Wheel 14 during again referring to the described use traditional approach of Fig. 3, visible tangential motion T ₂Cutting annular knurl when making wheel formation annular knurl and being not formation use traditional approach.Yet, when workpiece when direction A ' go up to rotate according to the present invention, the rotation of workpiece is moving can make second take turns with as shown in Figure 3 known way in side M in the opposite direction ₂Last rotation.The wheel motion vector M that this is opposite ₂Have relative surface of the work and be parallel to the tangential vector T that is in the longitudinal axis 36 that causes making tooth limit 46 first contact workpiece directions ₂Thereby, make wheel 14 when used according to the invention, cut annular knurl.This can make the first and second knurled wheel boths cut annular knurl.As mentioned above, for less clearance angle α and angle of inclination beta, the angle of the rill that is cut in workpiece is substantially equal to the ridge angle of annular knurl tooth.The second spiral rill in the workpiece will have second ridge 38 ' corresponding with cutting gear teeth paddy 50.Second rill also has second paddy 40 ' corresponding with first gear teeth ridge 48.The helical angle of second rill is substantially equal to second and takes turns angle (b) and second and take turns tine angle (e) sum.In Figure 18, when when reference system R changes clockwise, recording the second rill helical angle G ₂For just.In a preferred embodiment, tool holder 16 is configured to has 30 ° second take turns second of angle (b) and 0 ° and take turns tine angle (e).Second rill will be perpendicular to first rill then, and constitute the knurled pattern of square base on workpiece 30.When using first cutting wheel, clearance angle α and workpiece 30 and the direction that makes limit 46 cut the relative motion between second knurled wheel 14 of contact are mainly determined by rotation direction A ', rather than are determined by the less speed that laterally moves around of direction B.Therefore, second end of instrument 10 from workpiece 30 laterally can be moved around to the direction to first end 32, with the cutting annular knurl second spiral rill pattern.

The ability that adopts said apparatus and method to cut annular knurl is really compared with the shaping annular knurl and is had the following advantages.The cutting annular knurl can pass knurled pattern on the harder workpiece be imprinted on than suitable shaping annular knurl, makes workpiece 30 can adopt harder, corrosion-resistant material more.In addition, will just can cut annular knurl to workpiece than adopting the shaping annular knurl to apply littler power by tool holder, this makes makes simply, and can reduce the wearing and tearing and the distortion of tool holder and workpiece.The cutting annular knurl can not resemble the external diameter that increases workpiece 30 the shaping annular knurl yet.And the comparable shaping annular knurl of cutting annular knurl produces the rill that better constitutes in workpiece, and can control the size and the configuration of taper 60 preferably.Equally, the cutting annular knurl can form other rill geometries except the V-arrangement rill of having described easily, and the shaping annular knurl is not suitable for to produce and needs by to pressurization of the lot of materials in the workpiece or cold forming rill geometry.

Can select the slewing rate of workpiece, the advanced speed and the depth of cut of checkering tool to produce required product.Have been found that following parameter is useful, but the present invention is not restricted therefrom: workpiece rotational frequency is 50 to 100 rev/mins; The instrument process of the each rotation of workpiece is 0.13-0.25 millimeter (a 0.005-0.010 inch); And the annular knurl rill degree of depth is 0.25-0.91 millimeter (a 0.010-0.036 inch).Adopt checkering tool can obtain the whole desired depth of rill in one-pass, the repeatedly feed that perhaps increases the degree of depth is dark up to obtaining required rill.And, require first and second rills to have same depth, this can obtain easily by said method, wherein once uses a knurled wheel.As well-known in the art, under situation from suitable lubricant/cooling fluid to workpiece that introduce, can preferably carry out annular knurl.

Be illustrated among Figure 19 by said method and the made knurled pattern of device.This knurled pattern comprises a plurality of tapers of giving prominence to from workpiece 60 60.The side 64 that taper comprises peak 62 separately, stretch out from the peak, basic limit 68 and be the side surface 66 on boundary by side and Ji Bian.When cutting tool 10 was configured to have the bottom angle (c) and its second-class line and central plane 24 not parallel and angled (g), this can pass angle (g) helical angle (h) about equally on seal and the knurled pattern shown in Figure 19.That is, (not being 0 ° or 90 °) at helical angle (h) oblique angle, this with before be arranged on the workpiece circumference that is in workpiece longitudinal axis vertical direction.This figure 20 illustrates the cross section of taper 60.First group of rill has the rill limit 66a that intersects with second group of rill with rill limit 66b.Thereby intersecting of two groups of rills constitutes taper 60.Each taper has a pair of relative side 66a that is made of the first adjacent rill and a pair of opposed side edges 66b that is made of adjacent second rill.As seen, the angle θ that is had by the rill of annular knurl tooth 40 cutting equates with the annular knurl tooth ridge angle theta that is used for less clearance angle α and angle of inclination beta haply.Then, the taper peak will have included angle, and it equates with angle θ.In a preferred embodiment, knurled wheel tooth angle θ is 90 °, thereby taper peak included angle is 90 °.Can adopt non-90 ° tooth angle to pass the non-90 ° taper peak included angle of seal.

Shown herein knurled pattern has and converges in the some taper peak at 62 places.This occurs in whole tooth depth when the cutting gear teeth 44 when all contacting with workpiece, and the gamut of workpiece is all contacted with limit 46, promptly from ridge 48 to paddy 50.Also can obtain other pattern according to the present invention.For example, the tack taper, be that taper has flat-top and is not to be spike 62, this can by make annular knurl tooth 44 only the partial depth contact make.By making the tooth 44 contact portion degree of depth, limit 46 can not touch the gamut of tooth paddy 50.This can make the part outer surface 34 of workpiece 30 keep its original not annular knurl state, thereby produces flat-top taper 60.Employing has flat or crooked tooth paddy 50 or is being that tooth 44 flat or other configuration outside the ridge of limit also can obtain the flat-top taper at 48 places between the tooth 44.

Knurled pattern with non-zero helical angle (h) also can adopt the shaping annular knurl to process according to the present invention and obtain.In this structure, checkering tool 10 constitutes with knurled wheel 12,14: limit 46 does not have enough tangential motion vector T of big relative workpiece 30 ₁Or T ₂Thereby except cutting with tooth limit 46, knurled pattern is by tooth ridge 48 impressions or shaping.In order to be shaped or to impress the have helical angle knurled pattern of (h), can be as the described selected angle (a) and (b) of literary composition, (d) and (e), the bisecting line of bottom angle (c) is not parallel with central plane 24 like this, thereby produces deflecting angle (g).

Another embodiment according to knurled wheel 12 of the present invention is shown among Figure 21.In this embodiment, the first type surface 42 of knurled wheel sinks at 54 places and cuts.Shown depression 54 is the curved surface around the circumference extension of wheel 12.Depression can produce improvement angle of inclination beta as shown in figure 22.Depression 54 can replace smooth or any other configuration to produce zero or positive rake.Depression 54 preferably extends to ridge 48 places along a direction, and inwardly stretches enough deeply improving the cutting characteristic of limit 46 and first type surface 42 from ridge 48, and preferably at least inwardly reaches tooth paddy 50.Zero or positive rake β compares with above-mentioned negative incidence with respect to known cutting wheel and can produce more effective cutting, and also can reduce the workpiece burr.

Though knurled wheel 44 shown in this article forms ridge and forms paddy at 50 places at 48 places, the present invention also can adopt the knurled wheel of other favourable configuration.For example, except the ridge 48 and paddy 50 that adopt straight line or straight flange, also can replace with the ridge 48 or the paddy 50 that comprise plane surface, circular surfaces or other configuration.Equally, except the plane, tooth flank surface 52 can be crooked or other configuration.These other profiles of tooth are applicable to the cutting annular knurl preferably, and are not to be the shaping annular knurl, but some configuration can be used for the annular knurl that is shaped in some cases.

Moulding article

Figure 23 illustrates adopt workpiece or mother-tool 30 make moulding articles, as the preferred approach of the tool of production.The tool of production 82 is by pushing a kind of mouldable material, preferably make for thermoplastic to the knurled outer surface 34 of mother-tool 30 at station 100.Thermoplastic material is crushed on the surface 34 at pressure roller 102 places.The tool of production 82 is peeled off and around to reel 106 from mother-tool 30 then.In this mode, can obtain the tool of production 82 of any Len req.Molded surface 86 will have the anti-pattern of pattern on mother-tool 30 annular knurls processing outer surface 34.When biography prints to pattern on mother-tool 30 outer surfaces 34 when being the positive pattern of final prepared structured abrasive article (or other required goods), the pattern on the molded surface 86 will be the anti-pattern of end article pattern.As shown in figure 24, tool of production molded surface 86 comprises a plurality of taper chase lines 88, and they all are the anti-shapes of the taper 60 on the mother-tool 30.Taper chase line comprises top, the end 90, side 92, side surface 94 and top 96.When mother-tool 30 has the knurled pattern of band helical angle (h), the taper chase line pattern in moulding article will have the angle (h) with respect to the longitudinal axis of equal amount goods, and opposite with angle (h) direction on the mother-tool.Rear surface 84 is more smooth and smooth.The tool of production 82 can be required final manufactured goods, and in the case, the pattern on the outer surface 34 of mother-tool 30 will be the negative pattern or the anti-pattern of required final pattern on the tool of production 82.

The thermoplastic material that can be used for constituting the tool of production 82 comprises polyester, Merlon, poly-(ether sulfone), polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-(methyl methacrylate), polyurethanes, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polystyrene or its composition.Thermoplastic material can comprise additive, as plasticizer, free radical scavenger or stabilizing agent, heat stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet radiation absorber, drier, coating, pigment and other processing aid.These materials preferably see through ultraviolet ray and visible light basically.

Because workpiece, mother-tool 30 have continuous, continual knurled pattern around its circumference, thus can be molded as the tool of production at low cost at any Len req of direction D, and on molded patterns, do not produce seam or interruption.This can be convenient to produce structured abrasive article any length, that have uninterrupted structured abrasives complex pattern.This structured abrasive article has the structured abrasive article of seam or interruption to compare with other in pattern owing to the seam in the tool of production, and the possibility of shelling or stripping layer is very little.

The tool of production 82 also can be by making by 30 pairs of moldable material embossing of employing annular knurl mother-tool.This can carry out printing on the workpiece with molded surface 86 biographies of the tool of production that will have anti-knurled pattern under required power and temperature.This technology can be used the single or multiple lift tool of production 82.For example, in the multilayer tool of production, molded surface 86 can comprise and be applicable to the material that is molded as required pattern, and rear surface 84 can comprise a kind of suitable firmly or long life material to adapt to situation about being run into when the tool of production 82 uses.

The tool of production 82 also can be made by the hardening heat thermosetting resin.Can make according to following program by the tool of production that thermosets is made.A kind of unhardened thermosetting resin is applied on the mother-tool 30.When unhardened resin is on the mother-tool surface, can harden or polymerization by heating, it will be fixed to have the anti-shape of mother-tool picture on surface like this.Then, the thermosetting resin that hardens from the mother-tool surface removal.The tool of production can be made by the radiation curing resin of sclerosis, such as, the oligourethane of propylene acidifying.The tool of production of radiation curing is to make with the same way as of the tool of production that is made by thermosetting resin, and different is to solidify by radiation, for example ultraviolet radiation.

Though the inventive method as herein described and device are specially adapted to the manufacturing structure abrasive material, the present invention is not restricted therefrom.For example, described rose work method of the present invention and device can be used for itself being the workpiece 30 of end article, rather than are used for the mother-tool of following process.In addition, when workpiece was mother-tool, its purposes was not limited to be used to make the tool of production in following process.That is itself final manufactured goods of the moulding article that is molded as by the annular knurl workpiece.And annular knurl workpiece 30 can be used as the spreader of the rotogravure printing of making abrasive material or other goods.

The method of manufacturing structure abrasive product

The first step of making abrasive coating is the preparation abrasive slurries.Abrasive slurries mixes adhesive precursor, abrasive particle and optional additive by any suitable hybrid technology.Hybrid technology for example comprises low the shearing and high shear mixing, and high shear mixing is preferable.Also ultrasonic wave energy can be used to reduce the viscosity of abrasive slurries with blend step.Usually, abrasive particle all is to add in the adhesive precursor gradually.Minimum by in blend step, vacuumizing the bubbles volume that makes in the abrasive slurries.In some cases, as required, preferably abrasive slurries is heated to uniform temperature to reduce its viscosity.For example, abrasive slurries can be heated to about 30 ℃ to 70 ℃.Yet the temperature of abrasive slurries should be chosen to can not produce injurious effects to the base material that it imposed on.Importantly, abrasive slurries have can fine coating rheological characteristic, and wherein abrasive particle and other filler can not precipitate.

Make abrasive coating of the present invention two kinds of main method can be arranged.First method can produce a kind of abrasive material complex with precise shape substantially.In order to obtain precise shape, adhesive precursor is partly solidified or gel at least, and abrasive slurries is present in the chamber of the tool of production.Second method can produce a kind of abrasive material complex with non-precise shape substantially.In the second approach, abrasive slurries is coated in the chamber of the tool of production to produce the abrasive material complex.Yet abrasive slurries is removed from the tool of production in the adhesive precursor sclerosis or before solidifying.Then, adhesive precursor sclerosis or curing.Because adhesive precursor is unhardened, flows and make the distortion of abrasive material complex and abrasive slurries can take place in the chamber of the tool of production.

With regard to these two kinds of methods, if adopt the resinoid precursor, according to the chemical property of adhesive precursor, the energy can be heat energy or radiant energy.With regard to these two kinds of methods, if adopt the thermoplastic adhesives precursor, thermoplastic cooling, its curable and formation abrasive material complex like this.

Figure 25 schematically shows the method and apparatus 110 that is used to make abrasive product.It is banded that a kind of tool of production of being made by above-mentioned technology 82 is, and it has molded surface 86, rear surface 84 and two ends.Base material 112 with first first type surface 113 and second first type surface 114 leaves a winder station 115 not.Simultaneously, the tool of production 82 leaves not winder station 116.The molding of the tool of production 82 or contact surface 86 are coated with abrasive particle and adhesive precursor mixture at coating station 118 places.Before application step, this mixture can heat to reduce its viscosity.Coating station 118 can comprise any traditional coating unit, as scraper apparatus for coating, the mouth pattern that a falls apparatus for coating, curtain flow coat coating device, vacuum port pattern apparatus for coating or extrusion molding mouth pattern apparatus for coating.After the tool of production 82 molded surfaces 86 were coated with, the base material 112 and the tool of production 82 pooled together, like this first first type surface 113 of the moistening base material 112 of mixture.In Figure 25, mixture is exerted pressure by contact pressure roller 120 and is contacted with base material 112, and it also makes the tool of production/mixture/backing layer be pressed against on the support drum 122.Have been found that it is favourable applying 45 pounds power with pressure roller, but can select actual power according to well-known in the art Several Factors.Then, by radiation source 124 transmissions cross the back side 84 sufficient dosages of the tool of production 82 the energy, preferable be radiant energy, and be transmitted in the mixture so that adhesive precursor partially hardened at least, thereby form the machinable structure 126 that is shaped.The tool of production 82 separates from the machinable structure 126 that is shaped then.The tool of production 82 occurs in roller 127 from machinable structure 126 separation that are shaped.The examples of material that is applicable to the tool of production 82 comprises Merlon, polyester, polypropylene and polyethylene.In some tools of production of making by thermoplastic, the operating condition that is used to make abrasive product should set for can not take place overheated.If it is overheated to produce, this can make thermoplasticity tool variations or fusing.Under some situation, ultraviolet light can produce heat.Roller 127 can be that the chill roll of sufficient size and temperature is to cool off the required tool of production.The contact surface of the tool of production or molded surface 86 can contain release coating, break away from from the tool of production so that abrasive product is easier.The example of this release coating comprises silicones and closes the compound of fluorine.Machinable structure 126 that is shaped and the angle y between the tool of production 82 best steepening at once passing roller 127 after for example surpasses 30 °, with machinable structure 126 of facilitating shaping thoroughly separation from the tool of production 82.

The tool of production 82 is again on reel 128, and is recycling like this.The machinable structure 126 that is shaped is on reel 130.If adhesive precursor is not fully sclerosis also, then by be exposed to the additional energy, as hardening fully in thermal source or another radiation source, to form the abrasive product of coating.In addition, the energy that does not need to use in addition also can fully harden, and causes the final abrasive product that forms coating.Adopt as this paper, " fully sclerosis " speech and similar term mean that all adhesive precursor fully hardens, and made like this product will play abrasive product, for example be coated with the effect of abrasive product.

After abrasive product was made, it can warpage and/or moistening before changing.Before using, abrasive product can be transformed into any required form, as taper, endless belt, sheet, dish etc.

Figure 26 shows the device 140 of the another kind of method that is used for preparing a kind of abrasive product, at this device, the tool of production 82 is the endless belts with contact or molded surface 86 and back side 84.Base material 142 with first first type surface 143 and second first type surface 141 leaves unwinding station 145.The molded surface 86 of the tool of production is coated with by abrasive particle and adhesive precursor mixture at coating station 146 places.Mixture is pressed on the first surface 143 of base material 142 by contact pressure roller 48, and contact pressure roller 148 it also make the tool of production/mixture/backing layer be pressed against on the support drum 150, like this first first type surface 143 of the moistening base material 142 of mixture.The tool of production 82 is through three rotating drums 152,154 and 156.Then, the back side 84 of the tool of production 82 is crossed in the energy (preferably for radiation source) transmission, and is transmitted in the mixture so that adhesive precursor partially hardened at least can have a kind of radiation source 158 here.Second radiation source 160 also can be arranged.These energy can be of the same type or dissimilar.At adhesive precursor at least behind the partially hardened, separating shaped machinable structure 162 from the tool of production 82, and on reel 164.The tool of production 82 occurs in roller 165 from machinable structure 162 separation that are shaped.Machinable structure 162 that is shaped and the angle γ between the tool of production 82 best steepening at once passing roller 165 after for example surpasses 30 ° with machinable structure 126 of facilitating shaping thoroughly separation from the tool of production 82.In a plurality of rollers one, for example roller 152 can be that the chill roll of sufficient size and temperature is to cool off the required tool of production 82.If adhesive precursor is not fully sclerosis also, then by be exposed to the additional energy, as hardening fully in thermal source or another radiation source, to form the abrasive product of coating.In addition, do not need to use the energy can fully harden in addition yet and cause the final abrasive product that forms coating.

In another embodiment, often need be full of the mixture of abrasive particle and adhesive precursor between the front surface at tool of production contact surface and back fully.Equally in another embodiment, slurry may be imposed on the base material 112 and slurry is contacted with the tool of production, rather than be coated on slurry in the tool of production and slurry is contacted with base material.

In a kind of preferred approach of this embodiment, the radiant energy transmission is crossed the tool of production 82 and is directly entered mixture.Preferably, the material of making the tool of production 82 can not absorb a large amount of radiant energy or can not degraded by the radiation the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge.For example, if adopt the electron beam energy, preferably the tool of production is made without cellulosic material, because electronics will degraded cellulose.If adopt ultraviolet radiation or visible radiation, the material of the tool of production should be distinguished the enough ultraviolet lights of transmission or visible radiation and produce required hardenability.In addition, the bonding base material 112 on it of complex can make the radiant energy transmission wherein.When radiation transmission is crossed instrument, can adopt the base material of meeting absorbed radiation energy, because radiant energy does not need transmission to cross base material.

The tool of production 82 should be operated under the speed that is enough to avoid by the radiation source degraded.The tool of production with higher radioresistance source degraded can operated than under the low velocity; The tool of production with the degraded of low radioresistance source can be operated under fair speed.In a word, the suitable speed of the tool of production depends on the material of making the tool of production.The bonding base material on it of complex abrasive material should be operated under the speed identical with the tool of production.Speed should be chosen to can not produce adverse effect to the base material or the tool of production together with other parameter, for example temperature and tension force.Have been found that base material speed is favourable between 15 to 76 meters/minute (50 to 250 feet per minute), yet also can adopt other speed within the scope of the present invention.

The preferred embodiment of producing abrasive product 200 according to said method is shown in Figure 27 and 28.Abrasive product 200 comprises the base material 112 with first first type surface 113 and second first type surface 114.Structured abrasives complex 212 is adhered on first first type surface 113 of base material 112.Complex 212 comprises the abrasive particle 213 that is dispersed in the adhesive 214.Surface 215 constitutes the precise shape of aforesaid complex 212.As shown in figure 28, complex 212 can be close on another complex at its base portion place.The configuration of complex 212 will conform to the configuration of workpiece 30 upper conical 60 basically, and will be the anti-shape of the tool of production 82 upper conical chase lines 88 substantially.When the knurled pattern on the mother-tool 30 has helical angle (h), abrasive product will have the abrasive material complex that is arranged in the pattern, and have the angle (h) of relative abrasive product longitudinal axis.This can provide the function of being avoided owing to being ground by abrasive product 200 surface being produced " cut ".Cut can take place when abrasive material complex 212 is arranged in complex 212 crest lines that more seriously grind in the complex pattern surperficial.For enough big angle (h) is arranged, can avoid producing from the teeth outwards cut owing to ground by abrasive product 200.

The energy

When abrasive slurries comprised the resinoid precursor, adhesive precursor was hardened or polymerization.These polymerizations generally take place when being exposed to a kind of energy.The energy comprises heat energy and radiant energy.The amount of the energy depends on Several Factors, as the chemical property of adhesive precursor, the size of abrasive slurries, quantity, type and the optional amount of additives and the kind of abrasive particle.For heat energy, temperature can change to 150 ℃ from about 30 ℃, generally between 40 to 120 ℃.Time can change to more than 24 hours from about 5 minutes.Radiation energy comprises electron beam, ultraviolet ray or visible light.Electron beam irradiation, being also referred to as ionising radiation and can be used for can source class being about 0.1 to 10 millirad, preferably is the energy level in about 1 to 10 millirad.Ultraviolet radiation belongs to non-particle radiation, and its wave-length coverage is about 200 to 400 millimicrons, preferably in 250 to 400 millimicrons of scopes.Preferably adopt 300 to 600 watts/inch ultraviolet ray.Visible radiation belongs to non-particle radiation, and wave-length coverage is about 400 to 800 millimicrons, preferably in 400 to 550 millimicrons of scopes.Other energy comprises infrared ray and microwave.

Base material

The material that is applicable to the base material 112 of abrasive product 200 as herein described comprises the composition and the previous materials deformable body after treatment of thin polymer film, paper, fabric, metallic film, vulcanised fibre, adhesive-bonded fabric base material, previous materials.Preferably thin polymer film preferably as in the art or handle after thin polymer film to improve the viscosity of abrasive coating.

Abrasive coating

Be applicable to that the abrasive coating of making abrasive product according to the inventive method comprises the abrasive material complex 200 of a plurality of precise shapes, wherein the abrasive material complex comprises a plurality of abrasive particles 213 that are dispersed in the adhesive 214.This adhesive can be attached to the abrasive material complex on base material first first type surface.The abrasive material complex preferably has perceptible precise shape.Preferably, abrasive particle can not stretch out the shaping plane before adopting the coating abrasive product.Because the coating abrasive product is used for lapped face, complex is gone to pot and manifests original abrasive particle.

" complex of precision form " used herein but for solidifying the complex be shaped by the flowing mixture that makes abrasive particle and curable adhesive, and this mixture both had been pressed in and had been full of the lip-deep cavity of the tool of production on the base material.The abrasive material complex of this precision form thereby have and the accurate identical shape of cavity.A plurality of these species complexs can provide three dimensional shapes, and it is protruding with non-optional pattern from substrate surface, i.e. the anti-pattern of tool of production pattern.Each complex is limited by the border, and the bonding substrate surface on it of the foundation on border and the complex of precision form connects.The remainder on border is limited by the lip-deep cavity of the tool of production that complex hardens therein.The complex whole outer surface is in its forming process or be subjected to base material or be subjected to the constraint of cavity.The abrasive material complex can a plurality ofly be dispersed in unhardened not gel adhesive (slurry that is called the abrasive particle in the adhesive precursor forms by comprising.When curing or gel, complex is solidified into, promptly is fixed into predetermined shape and predetermined arrangement.

The weight ratio of abrasive particle and adhesive roughly is about 1: 1 to 4: 1, preferably is 2: 1 to 3: 1.This ratio changes according to the size of abrasive particle and the adhesive kind that is adopted.

Abrasive particle

The abrasive particle 213 of abrasive coating generally has the particle size in from 0.1 to 1500 micrometer range approximately, preferably between 0.1 to 400 micron, better between 0.1 to 100 micron.The narrowly distributing of particle size can often provide a kind of abrasive product that produces the fine finishining aspect on the workpiece that is scratched.The example of this abrasive particle comprises aloxite (AI (it comprises brown aluminium oxide, heat treatment aluminium oxide and white aluminium oxide), ceramic alumina, carborundum (comprising green, white and black carborundum), chromium oxide, zirconia-alumina, diamond, iron oxide, ceria, cubic system boron nitride, boron carbide, garnet and its composition.In the example of suitable heat treatment aluminium oxide, the P-240 grade aluminum oxide can buy from German Gusler city H.C.Starck Co., Ltd.

" abrasive particle " speech is also comprising the connotation that single abrasive particle all is combined together to form abrasive material group.Abrasive material group is being known and at United States Patent (USP) 4,311 in the art, and 489 (Kressner) disclose among 4,652,275 (Bloecher etc.) and 4,799,939 (Bloecher etc.) to some extent.

On abrasive particle, also a face coat can be arranged.Face coat can have the different function of many kinds.In some cases, face coat can increase the viscosity to adhesive, the wearing character of change abrasive particle etc.Face coat comprises coupling agent, halide salt, oxidized metal, the carbonization metal of the metal nitride of (comprising silica), infusibility, infusibility etc.

In the abrasive material complex, also the dilution particle can be arranged.The size of these dilution particles can have the identical order of magnitude with abrasive particle.Particles such as this dilution comprise gypsum, marble, lime stone, flint, silica, glass envelope, bead, alumina silicate etc.

Adhesive

Abrasive particle all is dispersed in the organic bond 214 to form abrasive material complex coating.This adhesive must can provide a kind of medium, and abrasive particle can be distributed in wherein.Adhesive preferably can comparatively fast solidify or gel, can make abrasive product apace like this.Some adhesive gels get comparatively fast, but need the long period to solidify fully.Gel can make the shape of complex be retained to the curing beginning always.The adhesive of curing or gel fast can form the coating abrasive product of the abrasive material complex with high-consistency fast.Organic bond can be the thermoplastic cements, and preferably a kind of resinoid.Adhesive can be made of adhesive precursor.In the manufacture process of abrasive coating, the resinoid precursor is exposed to the energy, and this energy helps initiated polymerization or solidification process.The energy comprises heat energy and radiant energy, and radiant energy can comprise electron beam, ultraviolet ray and visible light.After this polymerization process, adhesive precursor is transformed into the adhesive of curing.For the thermoplastic adhesives precursor, in the manufacture process of abrasive product, the thermoplastic adhesives precursor is cooled to cause the degree of adhesive precursor curing in addition.When adhesive precursor solidifies, form the abrasive material complex.

Adhesive in the abrasive material complex generally also helps the abrasive material complex is adhered on first first type surface of base material.Yet, in some cases, additional adhesive layer is arranged between substrate surface and complex.This additional adhesive layer can select from various bonds as herein described, and perhaps optional have any other adhesive.

Mainly contain two class thermosetting resins, i.e. condensation cured and addition polymerization resin.Preferable adhesive precursor all is the addition polymerization resin, because they very easily solidify when being exposed to radiant energy.The addition polymerization resin can the polymerization by cationic mechanism or free mechanism.According to the chemical property of the energy that is adopted and adhesive precursor, curing agent, initator or catalyst help initiated polymerization usually.

Typical adhesive precursor comprises that phenolic resins, Lauxite, melamine are by-formaldehyde resin, propylene acidifying polyurethane salt, propylene acidifying epoxy resin, alkylene unsaturated compound, the aminoplast derivative with side position unsaturated carbonyl, the isocyanurate derivative with at least one acrylic acid side group, the isocyanate derivates with at least one acrylic acid side group, vinethene, epoxy resin and its mixture and composition.Acrylate one speech comprises acrylate and methacrylate.

Because its hot property, be easy to obtain, price is low and be easy to handle, phenolic resins is widely used for the abrasive product adhesive.The phenolic resins that two kind shapes are arranged, i.e. bakelite and linear phenol-aldehyde resin.The formaldehyde of solvable resol (solvable fusible acid aldehyde resin) less than 1: 1, preferably is 1.5: 1 to 3: 1 to the phenolic aldehyde mole ratio.The formaldehyde of linear phenol-aldehyde resin (solvable fusible acid aldehyde resin) to the mole ratio of phenol was at least 1: 1.The phenolic resins that can buy comprises " Durez " and " Varcum " board of Occidental chemicals company, " Resinox " board of Monsanto, " Aerofene " board of Ashland Chemical company and " Arotap " board phenolic resins of AshlandChemical company.

Propylene acidifying polyurethane is that end has hydroxyl, the polyester of NCO expansion or the diacrylate of polyethers, the example of its commodity has the UVITHANE 782 of Morton Thiokol Chemical, the CMD6600 of RadcureSpecialties, CMD8400 and CMD8805.

Propylene acidifying epoxides is the diacrylate of epoxy resin, for example the diacrylate of bisphenol A epoxide resin.Its commodity example has the CMD3500 of Radeure Specialties, CMD3600 and CMD3700.

The unsaturated-resin that contains ethylene linkage comprises carbon containing, hydrogen, oxygen, and optional nitrogen, the monomeric compound and the polymer of halogen atom.Oxygen or nitrogen-atoms or this two kinds of atoms are present in ether, ester, carbamate, acid amides and the urea groups usually.The unsaturated compound that contains ethylene linkage should use molecular weight less than about 4000, and they are preferably by the ester that contains aliphatic monohydroxy or aliphatic polyhydric compound and unsaturated carboxylic acid, generates as reactions such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, iso-crotonic acid, maleic acids.The representative example of acrylate has methyl methacrylate, EMA, styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyltoluene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, methacrylic acid glycol ester, hexanediol diacrylate, diacrylate triethyleneglycol ester, three acrylic acid trihydroxy methyl propyl ester, three acrylic acid glyceride, pentaerythritol triacrylate, methacrylic acid pentaerythritol ester, pentaerythritol tetracrylate.Other unsaturated-resin that contains ethylene linkage comprises the ester class and the amide-type of monoene propyl group, polyenoid propyl group and many methylallyls of carboxylic acid, for example diallyl phthalate, diallyl adipate and N, N diallyl adipamide.Other nitrogenous compound also has: three (2 acrylyl oxy-ethyl) isocyanuric acid ester, 1,3,5 three (2 methylacryoyloxyethyl) s triazine, acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N methacrylamide, N, N DMAA, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-vinyl piperidones.

Each molecule of amino resin or oligomer have at least one side chain α, β unsaturated carbonyl.These examples of material comprise the group of acrylate, methacrylate or acrylamide type.This class examples of material has N-(methylol) acrylamide, N, N '-(oxygen ethanetetrayl) diacrylamine, neighbour and to acrylamide group methyl phenol, acrylamide group methyl novolac and their composition.These materials are known and at United States Patent (USP) 4,903 in the prior art field, also have further narration among 440 (Larson etc.) and 5,236,472 (Kirk).

Have the acrylate-based isocyanurate derivative of at least one side chain and have the acrylate-based isocyanate derivates of at least one side chain, among 274 people such as () Beottcher further narration is arranged, list for reference here at United States Patent (USP) 4,652.A kind of isocyurnate material that should adopt is the triacrylate of three (ethoxy) isocyanuric acid ester.

Epoxy resin has oxirane, mat ring opening and polymerization.This epoxide resin comprises cyclosiloxane monomer epoxy resins and oligomeric epoxy resins.The example of the epoxy resin that some should adopt has 2,2-two (4 (2, the 3-glycidoxy) phenyl-propane) trade name " Epon 828 ", " Epon1004 " and " Epon1001F " of (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A) and Shell Chemical Co. ", the trade name " DER-331 " of Dow Chemical Co., " DER-332 " and " DER-334 ".Other epoxy resin that is suitable for also has the glycidol ether (as trade name " DEN-431 " and " DEN-428 " of Dow Chemical Co.) of novolaks.

Epoxy resin of the present invention can carry out polymerization by adding a kind of suitable cation curing agent mat cationic mechanism.Cation curing agent produces the polymerization that acid source causes epoxy resin.These cation curing agents can comprise a kind ofly having cation and halogen-containing metal or metalloid and cooperate anionic salt.Other cation curing agent comprises a kind ofly having organometallic ligand Heyang ion and halogen-containing metal or metalloid and cooperate anionic salt, these curing agent are known in the prior art field, and at United States Patent (USP) 4, among 751,138 (Tumey etc.) (listing for reference here) (the 6th hurdle the 65th walks to the 9th hurdle the 45th row) further narration is arranged.Another is that known example is organic metal salt and salt in the prior art field, at United States Patent (USP) 4,985,340 (Palazzotto) (listing for reference here) (the 4th hurdle the 65th walks to the 14th hurdle the 50th row) and european patent application 306, among 161 (Brown-Wensley etc.) and 306,162 (people such as Palazzotto) narration is arranged all.Other cation curing agent known in the prior art field comprises the ion salt of organometallic complex, and metal wherein is selected from periodic table IVB, VB, VIB, VII B and VIIIB family, in european patent application 109,851 (Palazzotto etc.) narration is arranged.

With regard to the free radical curable resin,, be preferably abrasive slurries and also contain a kind of free radical curing agent in some cases.But during as if the employing electron beam energy, then curing agent is also not always required, because electron beam itself can produce free radical.

The example of free radical thermal initiator comprises peroxide, for example benzoyl peroxide, azo-compound, Benzophenones and quinones.To the ultraviolet ray or the visible light energy, this curing agent is sometimes referred to as light trigger.When being subjected to action of ultraviolet light, can produce the initator of radical source, include, but is not limited to organic peroxide, azo-compound, quinones, Benzophenones, nitroso compound, acryloyl group halide, hydrazone class, sulfhydryl compound, pyrylium compound, three acryloyl imidazoles, bisglyoxaline class, chlorine alkyl triazine, benzoin ethers, benzil ketals class, thioxanthene ketone, acetophenone derivative and their mixture.The light trigger preferably that is used for ultraviolet radiation is 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-diphenyl-1-ketenes.Example about the initator that is subjected to visible light interaction energy generation radical source known in the prior art field can be referring to United States Patent (USP) 4,735,632 (0xnan etc.), the light trigger preferably that is used for visible light are the trade name of Ciba Geigy Corp. " Irgacure 369 ".

Additive

The abrasive slurries that is used to produce abrasive coating also can contain some optional additives, for example filler (comprising grinding aid), fiber, lubricant, wetting agent, thixotropy material, surfactant, pigment, dyestuff, antistatic additive, coupling agent, antitack agent, plasticizer, suspending agent, and composition thereof etc.The consumption of these materials is advisable to reach desired properties.Adopt these materials may influence the corrosion resistance of abrasive complex.Sometimes be to add certain additive wittingly to make more corrosion-vulnerable of abrasive material complex, removing the abrasive particle of rust, thereby new abrasive particle exposed.

This term of filler comprises that also those are called the material of grinding aid in abrasive industry.Grinding aid is defined as a kind of particulate matter, and it adds for the chemistry and the physical process of grinding has remarkable influence and improve nonferromagnetic substance.The example of grinding aid chemical classes comprises wax, organohalogen compounds, halide salts, metal and alloy thereof.Organohalogen compounds generally can decompose in process of lapping, discharge halogen acids or gaseous halide.This class examples of substances has chlorinated wax, as Tetrachloronaphthalene, Pentachloronaphthalene and polyvinyl chloride.Halide salts such as sodium chloride, elpasolite, sodium cryolite, ammonium ice crystal, potassium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, silicon fluoride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride.The example of metal has tin, lead, bismuth, cobalt, antimony, cadmium, iron, titanium.Other various grinding aids have sulphur, organic sulfur compound, graphite and metal sulfide.

The antistatic additive example has graphite, carbon black, vanadium oxide, wetting agent etc., at United States Patent (USP) 5,061, among 294 (Harmer etc.), 5,137,542 (people such as Buchanan) and 5,203,884 (Buchanan etc.) narration is arranged, and lists for reference here.

Coupling agent has and can produce the coupling bridge between adhesive precursor and filler particles or abrasive particle, and the adding of these coupling agents can reduce the coating viscosity that is used to form abrasive material complex slurry significantly.Its example has silane, titanate and zircoaluminate.An example of suitable silane coupler is the 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxy silane of the trade mark " A-174 " buied from Union Carbide.The suitable content of coupling agent is about 0.01-3 (weight) % in the abrasive slurries.

An example as suspending agent is the amorphous silicon stone granulate of a kind of specific area less than 150 meters squared per gram, it can trade name " OX-50 " available from DeGussa Corp..

Also can make the abrasive material composite particle precursor within the scope of the invention.Haply, this method may further comprise the steps: a) abrasive slurries is coated in the cavity of the tool of production; B) abrasive slurries is in exposed state with the cure adhesive precursor, forms adhesive and form the abrasive material complex; C) the abrasive material complex is removed from the tool of production; And d) the abrasive material complex is transformed into composite particle precursor.These abrasive material composite particle precursors can be used for bonding material, coating abrasive material and on-woven abrasive material.This method is described in greater detail among the PCT WO95/01241, can be with reference to its entire chapter document.

Further describe operation of the present invention below with reference to specific example.These examples can further specify various concrete and preferred embodiment and technology.Yet, should be appreciated that in the scope of the invention and also can make multiple changes and improvements.

Example 1

Annular knurl technology

Eight inches, 28 inches long, No. 1026 mild steel workpiece of a kind of diameter are electroplated the white nickel of skim earlier to prevent to get rusty and to improve viscosity to electro-coppering.Then electroplating one deck hardness on white nickel is 0.050 inch hard copper of 240 Knoop hardnesses.One end of electroplating parts is installed in the four paws anchor clamps, and its other end with center support in the tailstock of the Clausing engineering lathe that disposes low-lift pump and aqueous coolant.The workpiece outer surface is stayed 0.030 inch hard copper by smooth cutting.

A kind of Zeus cutting checkering tool of model 209 is provided, and it has first knurled wheel of being made by high-speed steel (" HSS ") 12 '.First knurled wheel has 30 ° of left tine angles, 36 teeth of per inch (" TPI "), and tooth has 90 ° of angles at tooth ridge place.This instrument also can have second knurled wheel 14 that HSS makes.Second knurled wheel has 0 ° of tine angle, and 36TPI has 90 ° of angles at tooth ridge place.By the wheel mounting column being set for the direction that two knurled wheels are regulated in 200 millimeters (7.9 inches) workpiece O.D. positions.The relative separately tool focus plane 24 of wheel axis is approximated to 30 °.The cutting checkering tool is installed on the cross travelling carriage of lathe then.The height of instrument is adjusted to two knurled wheels contact workpiece simultaneously.Remove top wheel 12 ' then.Cooling fluid inflow second is taken turns 14 and is sentenced the chip that rinses out shaping.

1) second takes turns 14 and contact with workpiece.Lathe makes workpiece rotate with 80rpm at direction A ', and the feed speed of instrument on direction B is 0.010 inch from right to left/commentaries on classics.The depth of cut of regulating the first round 14 makes it to be about 75% of full annular knurl.

2) remove second then and take turns 14, and refill the first round 12 '.Lathe makes workpiece rotate with parameter same as described above at direction A, and tool direction B is for from right to left.

3) remove the first round 12 ', and refill second and take turns 14.This 3rd step is the repetition of first step, and just instrument is adjusted to full knurl depth can be provided.

4) remove second and take turns 14, and refill the first round 12 '.This 4th step is the repetition in second step, and just instrument is adjusted to full knurl depth is provided.

5) remove the first round 12 ', and refill second and take turns 14.This 5th step is the repetition in the 3rd step, is full knurl depth.

Record from the direction that is parallel to a limit of tapered base, the annular knurl surface of the work that is produced has the knurled pattern of per inch 36.7 square base cone shapes again, and average height is 0.0099 inch.Corresponding to the round tooth paddy of knurled wheel, conical top also is round.The peak of cone shaped pattern is 11.5 ° perpendicular to the helical angle on workpiece longitudinal axis plane relatively.Workpiece coating one deck electroless nickel protective layer gets rusty and improves the releasing property of polymer before use preventing.

The tool of production

Workpiece can be used for making the tool of production by technology as shown in figure 23.At first workpiece is installed in 30 places.Workpiece or mother-tool remain on 60 ℃ (140 °F), and roller 102 is at 21 ℃ (70 °F).The Escorene polypropylene 3445 of 214 ℃ (417) is expressed on the mother-tool.Speed with 3.6 meters/minute (11.8fpm) is collected 0.022 inch thick seamless film.Film surface has the taper chase line pattern of non-interruption, has the anti-pattern of these patterns on the annular knurl surface of the work.

Abrasive product

Adopt technology shown in Figure 25 to prepare abrasive product.The tool of production is installed as parts 82, and the chase line is on side 86.Base material 112 is the heavy poly-cottons of X.On front side 113, be subjected to latex rubber/phenolic resins and handle (is 85 minutes/15 minutes based on cured resin).

By descending the composition in the tabulation to mix with a high shear mixer, disperse until all agglomerate solids, thus the precursor of preparation radiation curing.

Composition	Percentage by weight
Composition	Percentage by weight	Three acrylic acid trihydroxy methyl propyl ester	39.54
The triacrylate compound of tris(2-hydroxy ethyl)isocyanurate	16.95	Three acrylic acid trihydroxy methyl propyl ester	39.54

Potassium tetrafluoroborate 98% pure micropowder	38.97
Potassium tetrafluoroborate 98% pure micropowder	38.97	Amorphous silica Degussa OX-50	1.99
Silane coupler Union GarbideA-174	1.99	Amorphous silica Degussa OX-50	1.99
Silane coupler Union GarbideA-174	1.99	Light trigger, Irgacure 369, Ciba Geigy company	0.56

Then, be that 58.5 180BT-R level is mixed the abrasive slurries that made radiation curing in 20 minutes a high shear mixer by being 41.5 above-mentioned precursor with percentage by weight with the percentage by weight of buying from Maryland, USA Baltimore city U.S.Electrofused Minierals company.

Adopt the scraper apparatus for coating of sleeping that abrasive slurries is coated in the chase line 118 of the tool of production, and have 51 microns (2 miles) gaps.Radiation source is two visible lamps, respectively does for oneself 600 watts/inch.This technology is carried out under 15 meters/minute (50 feet per minutes).Abrasive product is removed from device shown in Figure 25, and heats 12 hours with abundant curing latex/phenolic aldehyde back of the body processing layer under 115 ℃ of (240) conditions.

Structured abrasives is transformed into 7.6 centimetres (3 inches) by 335 centimetres of (132 inches) tape loops and tests on 304 stainless steel test blocks on the upright grinder of the back of the body.On the test block lapped face, do not find cut or rill pattern.

Example 2

Annular knurl technology

Electroplate 0.060 inch soft copper layer on eight inches, 28 inches long steel workpiece surfaces of a kind of diameter earlier.One end of workpiece be installed in the four paws anchor clamps and its other end with center support in the tailstock of Lodge that disposes low-lift pump and aqueous coolant and Shipley engineering lathe.The workpiece outer surface is stayed 0.015 inch soft copper by smooth cutting.

Dispose two cobalt chromium cutting knurled wheels on the Dorian CNC-107-100-3M checkering tool, 50TPI, tooth ridge angle is 90 °.The tine angle of each wheel is 0 °.It is 43 ° that the erection column direction of checkering tool makes the angle (a) on relative workpiece centre plane 24 of the first round 12, and second takes turns 14 angles is-47 °, so depart from (g) of bottom angle is 2 °.Checkering tool is installed on the cross travelling carriage of lathe.The checking tool handle is to determine that it is perpendicular to workpiece.Remove second and take turns 14.Cooling fluid flows to the chip of taking turns when sentencing its shaping of flush away.

1) lathe moves with 66rpm along direction A, and tool feeding speed is 0.010 inch/commentaries on classics at direction B from left to right.The depth of cut of the first round 12 is adjusted to and reaches entire depth.Knurled wheel produces 1.5 inches long chips.

2) remove the first round 12, and take turns 14 with second and refill.With the 66rpm operation, instrument is 0.010 inch/commentaries on classics in direction B feed speed from left to right to lathe at direction A '.Depth of cut is adjusted to and reaches entire depth.Observe workpiece and show jagged and distortion in first group of rill.

3) remove wheel and be installed on primary importance again from the second place.Make the 3rd cleaning passage first group of rill bottom, the degree of depth is identical with beginning cutting just.The knurled wheel orbiting is good.Check to show from first group of rill to get on flash removed and distortion and stay sharp edges and constitute good taper.Only slightly some discontinuous burrs are stayed on second group of rill.

Made workpiece records the tapered array that per inch has 50 square bottom surface on the direction on a limit that is parallel to the taper bottom surface, its average height is 0.0094 inch.The point cutting edge of a knife or a sword is 1.1 ° perpendicular to the snail angle of workpiece longitudinal axis relatively.Workpiece scribbles one deck electroless nickel protective layer, gets rusty and can improve the releasing property of polymer before use preventing.

The tool of production

Process workpiece by as shown in figure 23 can be used for making the tool of production.At first workpiece is installed in 30 places.Workpiece or mother-tool remain on 60 ℃ (140 °F), and roller 102 is at 21 ℃ (70 °F).The Escorene polypropylene 3445 of 214 ℃ (417) is expressed on the mother-tool.Speed with 3.6 meters/minute (11.8fpm) is collected 0.022 inch thick seamless film.Film surface has the taper chase line pattern of non-interruption, has the anti-pattern of these patterns on the annular knurl surface of the work.

Abrasive product

Adopt technology shown in Figure 26 to prepare abrasive product.Tool of production tape loop fetches preparation by supersonic welding.To be with as parts 82 and install, and the chase line is on side 86.Base material 142 is the heavy artificial silk of J.On front side 143, be subjected to glue hole/phenolic resins processing layer (is 85 minutes/15 minutes based on cured resin).Make abrasive product as described in Example 1, different is that abrasive slurries adopts the P-320F7TX that buys from Massachusetts, United States Newton city H.C.Stark company to make.

Abrasive slurries adopts the scraper apparatus for coating of sleeping to be coated in the chase line 146 of the tool of production, and has 76 microns (3 miles) gaps.Radiation source is a visible lamp, and it is 600 watts/inch.This technology is carried out under 15 meters/minute (50 feet per minutes).Abrasive product is removed from device shown in Figure 26, and heats 12 hours under 115 ℃ of (240) conditions, with abundant curing latex/phenolic aldehyde back of the body processing layer.

Structured abrasives is transformed into 7.6 centimetres (3 inches) by 335 centimetres of (132 inches) tape loops and tests on 304 stainless steel test blocks on the upright grinder of a back of the body.Ripple or cut pattern biography with 0.020 inch interval print to the test piece surface.The helical angle of this sample is not enough to prevent that tapered tip on the structured abrasives is to the scribing of test block.

Example 2

Annular knurl technology

Eight inches, 28 inches long, No. 1026 low-carbon (LC) steel riders of a kind of diameter are installed in the four paws anchor clamps, and its other end with center support in the tailstock of Lodge that disposes low-lift pump and aqueous coolant and Shipley engineering lathe.It is 209 Zeus cutting checkering tool that a kind of model is provided, and it has first knurled wheel of being made by high-speed steel (" HSS ") 12 '.First knurled wheel 12 ' has 30 ° of left tine angles, 25TPI, and tooth has 90 ° of angles at tooth ridge place.This instrument also can have second knurled wheel 14 that HSS makes.Second knurled wheel has 0 ° of tine angle, and 25TPI has 90 ° of angles at tooth ridge place.The wheel mounting column is adjusted to 200 millimeters (7.9 inches) workpiece O.D. positions.After the cutting checkering tool being installed and being regulated its height, remove first cutting wheel 12 '.Cooling fluid flows to the chip that produces when wheel is gone up with its shaping of flush away.

1) with the 77rpm operation, tool feeding speed is 0.010 inch/commentaries on classics to lathe from right to left along direction A '.Regulating second, to take turns that 14 depth of cut makes it be about 75% of full annular knurl.

2) remove second then and take turns 14, and refill the first round 12 '.With the state operation identical with step 1, the instrument forward travel state is also identical with step 1 at direction A for lathe.

3) remove the first round 12 ', and refill second and take turns 14.This 3rd step is the repetition of first step, and different is, and knurled wheel is adjusted to that full knurl depth can be provided.

4) remove second and take turns 14, and refill the first round 12 '.This 4th step is the repetition in second step, and different is, and knurled wheel is adjusted to that full knurl depth is provided.

Formed annular knurl surface of the work has pointed, the good square base cone shape that is shaped, and its average height is 0.0141 inch.This taper peak has relatively 11.5 ° of helical angles perpendicular to the plane of workpiece longitudinal axis.This workpiece coating one deck electroless nickel protective layer is to prevent to get rusty and to improve the releasing property of use prepolymer.

The tool of production and abrasive product

The annular knurl workpiece is used for by 0.024 inch thick tool of production of example 1 described explained hereafter.Adopt this tool of production of technology shown in Figure 25 to can be used for making coating medium.Base material 112 is the heavy poly-fibers of X, and is subjected to handling identical processing with example 1 latex phenolic resins.Abrasive slurries is made into by 40.20% radiation curing precursor and 59.80% 150BT-R that buys from Maryland, USA Baltimore city U.S.Electrofused Minerals company.

Abrasive slurries adopts scraper coating device to be coated in the chase line 118 of the tool of production, and has 51 microns (2 miles) gaps.Radiation source is two visible lamps, respectively does for oneself 600 watts/inch.This technology is carried out under 30 meters/minute (100 feet per minutes).Abrasive product is removed from device shown in Figure 25, and heats 12 hours under 115 ℃ of (240) conditions, with abundant curing latex/phenolic aldehyde back of the body processing layer.

The coating abrasive material is transformed into 7.6 centimetres (3 inches) by 335 centimetres of (132 inches) tape loops and abrasive particle is tested on 304 stainless steel test blocks on the upright grinder of the back of the body.On the test block lapped face, do not find cut or rill pattern.

Invention has been described according to several embodiment.Aforementioned detailed description and example only are convenient to be expressly understood the present invention, and can not form restriction to the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, only otherwise depart from the scope of the present invention also and can make many variations.Thereby scope of the present invention should be not limited to details as herein described and structure, and should be decided by the described structure of claims and its equivalent structures.

Claims

1. the method for an annular knurl processing work, this workpiece has a longitudinal axis, said method comprising the steps of:

A) first group of rill biography printed on the workpiece, wherein first group of rill has relatively and the first rill helical angle of the reference plane of workpiece longitudinal axis quadrature;

B) second group of rill biography printed on this workpiece, wherein second group of rill has the second rill helical angle of described relatively reference plane, second group of rill and first group of rill intersect, thereby knurled pattern biography is printed on the workpiece outer surface, wherein pattern is continuous and continual on the workpiece circumference, and wherein first and second groups of rill helical angles are different measuring basically.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described first and second helical angle sums are roughly 90.。

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, first helical angle is roughly 60 °, and second helical angle is roughly 30 °.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the difference of the first and second rill helical angles is at least 5 °.

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, first and second rills comprise separately at the bottom of first grooved surfaces, second grooved surfaces and the rill that wherein first and second grooved surfaces are respectively at the bottom of the workpiece outer surface reaches rill.

6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, is formed in a line of the first and second grooved surfaces intersections at the bottom of the rill.

7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, first and second rills intersect a plurality of tapers of formation on the workpiece outer surface, and each described taper comprises first opposite flank that is made of first rill and second opposite flank that is made of second rill.

8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described taper is the tack taper.

9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step a) comprises first group of rill of shaping annular knurl, and step b) comprises second group of rill of shaping annular knurl.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step a) comprises first group of rill of cutting annular knurl, and step b) comprises second group of rill of cutting annular knurl.

11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, step a) and b) in a kind ofly comprise the cutting annular knurl, and another kind comprises the shaping annular knurl.

12. the annular knurl workpiece with cylindrical outer surface that is processed into by the described method annular knurl of claim 1-11, described annular knurl workpiece comprises:

Cylinder with longitudinal axis and cylindrical outer surface has knurled pattern on the described outer surface;

Wherein said knurled pattern comprises:

First group of rill, described first group of rill have relatively and the first rill helical angle of the reference plane of the described longitudinal axis quadrature of described workpiece;

13. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the described first and second helical angle sums are roughly 90 °.

14. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described first helical angle is roughly 60 °, and described second helical angle is roughly 30 °.

15. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the difference of the described first and second rill helical angles is at least 5 °.

16. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described first and second groups of rills comprise separately at the bottom of first grooved surfaces, second grooved surfaces and the rill that wherein said first and second grooved surfaces are respectively at the bottom of the described outer surface of described workpiece stretches to described rill.

17. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, comprises a line that is formed on the described first and second grooved surfaces intersections at the bottom of the described rill.

18. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that, first and second rills intersect a plurality of tapers of formation on the workpiece outer surface, and each described taper comprises first opposite flank that is made of first rill and second opposite flank that is made of second rill.

19. annular knurl workpiece as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described taper is the tack taper.