CN107531685B - 具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物 - Google Patents
具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107531685B CN107531685B CN201680008641.9A CN201680008641A CN107531685B CN 107531685 B CN107531685 B CN 107531685B CN 201680008641 A CN201680008641 A CN 201680008641A CN 107531685 B CN107531685 B CN 107531685B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- ethoxymethyl
- methyl
- amine
- azol
- Prior art date
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- -1 oxotriazolyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 212
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 37
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- HKHLLEPTTVBSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1SC=C(N=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(NCC1)=O)C HKHLLEPTTVBSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000005476 oxopyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000010839 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
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- KIECZPNABSVWNH-OAHLLOKOSA-N (5R)-1-[5-[2-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl]-5-methylimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C=1C=CC(=NC=1)N1C(NC[C@H]1C)=O)C KIECZPNABSVWNH-OAHLLOKOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBJGWUJYRDHDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)anilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC(NC2=NC=C(O2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=CC(COCC)=C1 SBJGWUJYRDHDBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FIJFTLZRJFJJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)anilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC(OCCO)=CC(NC2=NC=C(O2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=C1 FIJFTLZRJFJJHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RQPXDZRYAPBRHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)anilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC(OCCOC)=CC(NC2=NC=C(O2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=C1 RQPXDZRYAPBRHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LAKSUMNYPLRTDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3-(ethoxymethyl)-5-methylanilino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=C(C=C(C=1)C)NC=1SC=C(N=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(NCC1)=O LAKSUMNYPLRTDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXWMOVQGEFDBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3-(ethoxymethyl)anilino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=CC(NC2=NC(=CS2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=C1 ZXWMOVQGEFDBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YYHQBSIXIZKFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1SC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(NCC1)=O)C YYHQBSIXIZKFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VOKVJCQSCHSFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[5-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC1=NC(=NS1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(NCC1)=O)C VOKVJCQSCHSFJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFUULTLARLJBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[5-[2-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC(NC2=NC=C(O2)C2=CN=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=C(C)C=C1 RFUULTLARLJBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPQNZRRKCVTTFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-4-(4-pyrazol-1-ylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1SC=C(N=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=CC=C1)C ZPQNZRRKCVTTFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BYAKYFUORWVDSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-4-(6-pyrazol-1-ylpyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound N1(N=CC=C1)C1=CC=C(C=N1)C=1N=C(SC=1)NC1=C(C=CC(=C1)COCC)C BYAKYFUORWVDSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPMUGFCTFPDKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-(4-pyrazol-1-ylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1SC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=CC=C1)C ZPMUGFCTFPDKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGUZRIQSXXKNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound N1N=CC(=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CN=C(O1)NC1=C(C=CC(=C1)COCC)C QGUZRIQSXXKNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KAFCXUQOMWBXEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound N1N=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CN=C(O1)NC1=C(C=CC(=C1)COCC)C KAFCXUQOMWBXEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HVDYDLAZKVAIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(3-methoxypyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=C(C=C1)OC)C HVDYDLAZKVAIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IDSVPEUUTLWJBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=C(C=C1)C)C IDSVPEUUTLWJBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URNDZGDIXCGGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=CC(=C1)C)C URNDZGDIXCGGGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDXVGLKCUPRDAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylphenyl]-5-[4-(5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-2-amine Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=CC=C1C)C WDXVGLKCUPRDAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
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- QRCSISPIJNVFQQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N (5R)-1-[4-[2-[5-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylanilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl]-5-methylimidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C(C)OCC=1C=CC(=C(C=1)NC=1OC(=CN=1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C(NC[C@H]1C)=O)C QRCSISPIJNVFQQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QGBQAFISZCLPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-[3-(ethoxymethyl)anilino]-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl]imidazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCOCC1=CC=CC(NC2=NC=C(O2)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N2CCNC2=O)=C1 QGBQAFISZCLPMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000004304 oxazol-5-yl group Chemical group O1C=NC=C1* 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
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- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式(I)的化合物,其中A代表任选地被取代的杂环基团,B代表芳基或杂芳基基团,其中X、R1、R2、R3、R4和R5如说明书中所定义。式(I)的化合物对于破坏、抑制或预防细胞特别是恶性肿瘤细胞生长或扩散到牵涉各种人和动物疾病的周围组织中是有用的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及破坏、抑制、或预防细胞特别是恶性细胞生长或扩散到牵涉各种人和动物疾病的周围组织中的式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
特别地,本发明涉及在治疗与细胞增生相关的疾病中有用的化合物,与细胞增生相关的疾病例如造血系统癌症,包括淋巴瘤、白血病和多发性骨髓瘤、实体癌,实体癌包括头颈癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胰脏癌、肺癌、神经细胞癌、骨癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌。
背景技术
癌症是能够侵袭身体任意部位的一大类疾病的通用术语。癌症的一个最典型特征是超出它们正常边界生长的异常细胞的快速生成,其然后可以侵入身体的邻近部位并扩散至其他器官,后一个过程被称为转移。转移是癌症致死的主要原因。
在世界范围内,癌症在发病率和死亡率中占主要原因,在2012年有约1400万新病例和820万癌症相关死亡。癌症死亡的最普遍原因是肺癌(159万死亡)、肝癌(745000死亡)、胃癌(723000死亡)、结直肠癌(694000死亡)、乳腺癌(521000死亡)、食道癌(400000死亡)。2012年,男性中最常被诊断为癌症的五个部位是肺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和肝癌。2012年,女性中最常被诊断为癌症的五个部位是是乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、宫颈癌和胃癌。
在接下来的二十年,预期新病例数目会上升约70%(World Cancer Report 2014,WHO)。
尽管在我们对成为癌症发生和进展以及其治疗的潜在分子靶向的基础的生物学的理解有了长足的进步,进入临床研发的全部新肿瘤药中有超过90%没有获得上市许可。很多药物在研发的后期—常常在III期临床试验中—由于不充分的活性、缺乏对抗这些药物耐药性的策略、意外的安全问题或确定功效的困难而失败,这是因为包括临床试验的令人困惑的结果的原因。此外,对癌症生物学的深入理解已经显示出,癌症是异质性疾病,这表明有效的癌症治疗将需要解决患者特异性分子缺陷和肿瘤微环境的方面有高度可能性。
癌症的广泛发生和这种疾病的高度异质性强调了用于治疗恶性肿瘤的改善的抗癌疗法的需要。多种癌症细胞系制剂的近期使用成为发现和评估潜在新抗癌的重要工具。事实上,多种肿瘤衍生细胞系可以概括新治疗剂的基因型应答关系,是最令人感兴趣的。
本发明提供了用于治疗与细胞增生相关的疾病的式(I)的新化合物,与细胞增生相关的疾病例如造血系统癌症或实体癌。本发明的化合物对于很多种癌症细胞系具有抗肿瘤活性。
式(I)的化合物包含被A和B部分对位取代的六元芳基或杂芳基部分。WO2013/014170公开了包含被杂芳基基团和杂环基团间位取代的六元芳基或杂芳基部分的化合物。WO2013/014170的化合物是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,且可以用于治疗增生性疾病。出人意料的是,本发明的式(I)的化合物并非酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,但仍具有抗恶性细胞增生性质。因此,本发明的化合物提供了治疗与细胞增生相关的疾病的新路线。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种式(I)的化合物:
其中,A、B、X、R1、R2、R3、R4和R5定义如下。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,B是五元环杂芳基基团。
根据一个实施方式,B不选自1,2二嗪基、三唑吡啶基或三唑基。根据一个实施方式,如果B是唑基,A不是四唑基或四氢吡啶基。根据一个实施方式,如果B是噻唑基,A不是咪唑基、三唑基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基或1,4-嗪基。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,X是CH,A是2-氧代咪唑烷基或吡唑基基团。
根据一个实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R3是氢。
根据一个实施方式,式(I)的化合物为如下定义的式(II)。
根据一个实施方式,式(I)的化合物为如下定义的式(III)。
根据一个实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1是甲基,R2、R3和R5是氢,R4是-CH2OC2H5。
根据一个实施方式,本发明的化合物选自:
1-{4-[2-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-4-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
(5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-苯基)-[5-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基]-胺;
1-{4-[5-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-[1,2,4]噻二唑-3-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
(5-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯基)-[5-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基]-胺;
1-{4-[2-(5-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-噻唑-5-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
1-{4-[2-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-5-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
(5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-苯基)-[4-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基]-胺;
{4-甲基-3-[4-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基氨基]-苯基}-甲醇;
1-{4-[2-(3-乙氧甲基-(5-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-4-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
4-(6-(1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-N-(5-(乙氧甲基)-2-甲基苯基)噻唑-2-胺;
1-(4-(2-((3-(乙氧甲基)苯基)氨基)噻唑-4-基)苯基)咪唑烷-2-酮。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,其包含根据本发明的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或载体。
根据一个实施方式,药物组合物包含根据本发明的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐作为唯一的活性药物成分。
根据一个实施方式,本发明的药物组合物还包括另一种活性药物成分。
本发明还涉及一种药剂,其包含根据本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,用于治疗血液疾病和/或增生性疾病。
根据一个实施方式,血液疾病选自淋巴瘤;白血病,例如急性髓性白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)或慢性骨髓白血病(CML);多发性骨髓瘤(MM);骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS);骨髓增生异常伴有骨髓纤维化。
根据一个实施方式,增生性疾病是癌症,例如头颈癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胰脏癌、肺癌、神经细胞癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌或前列腺癌。
本发明还涉及一种药物组合物,其包含根据本发明的化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐和另一种活性药物成分,作为在治疗选自血液疾病和增生性疾病的疾病中连续、同时或分开使用的联合制剂。
定义
除非另有说明,本文使用的以下术语定义如下。
除非另外指出,本文并没有明确定义的取代基的命名是通过命名官能团的端基部分随后命名与连接点相邻的官能团得到的。例如,取代基“芳基烷基”指基团(芳基)-(烷基)-。
如本文所用的术语“取代基”或“被取代的”指化合物或基团上的氢基被任何期望的基团取代,该基团在未保护形式或当使用保护基保护下对反应条件是基本稳定的。优选的取代基的实例是在本文公开的示例性化合物和实施方式中出现的那些,以及卤素、如上定义的烷基或芳基、羟基、如上定义的烷氧基、硝基、巯基、杂环烷基、杂芳基、氰基、如上定义的环烷基以及增溶性基团、-NRR’、-NR-CO-R’、-CONRR’、-SO2NRR’基团,其中R和R’各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳基、如上定义的杂环烷基或杂芳基基团。
如本文所用的,术语“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文所用的,术语“烷基”指具有1至10个碳原子、优选1至6个碳原子、更优选1至4个碳原子的饱和直链或带支链的非环烃。代表性的饱和直链烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基;而饱和带支链的烷基包括异丙基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、2,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,4-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基己基、3,3-二甲基戊基、3,3-二甲基己基、4,4-二甲基己基、2-乙基戊基、3-乙基戊基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、2-甲基-2-乙基戊基、2-甲基-3-乙基戊基、2-甲基-4-乙基戊基、2-甲基-2-乙基己基、2-甲基-3-乙基己基、2-甲基-4-乙基己基、2,2-二乙基戊基、3,3-二乙基己基、2,2-二乙基己基、3,3-二乙基己基等。包括在本发明化合物中的烷基可以任选地被一种或更多种取代基取代。包括在本发明化合物中的烷基可以任选地被增溶性基团取代。
如本文所用的,术语“烷氧基”指通过氧原子连接至其他部分的如上定义的烷基。烷氧基的实例包括甲氧基、异丙氧基、乙氧基、叔丁氧基等。烷氧基可以任选地被一种或更多种取代基取代。包括在本发明化合物中的烷氧基可以任选地被增溶性基团取代。
如本文所用的,术语“杂环”全体指杂环烷基和杂芳基。
如本文所用的,术语“杂环烷基”指具有2至11个碳原子、可以是饱和或不饱和的但并非芳香族的、含选自O、N或S的至少一种杂原子的单环或多环基团。杂环烷基的实例包括(但不限于):哌啶基、哌嗪基、N-甲基哌嗪基、2-氧代哌嗪基、2-氧代哌啶基、2-氧代吡咯烷基、4-哌啶基、吡咯烷基、乙内酰脲基、戊内酰胺基(valerolactamyl)、氧化乙烯基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、2-氧代咪唑烷基、四氢-嘧啶基-2-酮、2-氧代吡咯烷基、四氢吡啶基、四氢嘧啶基、四氢噻喃基砜、四氢噻喃基亚砜、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、硫代吗啉基亚砜、硫代吗啉基砜、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基-2-酮、四氢噻吩基和四氢-1,1-二氧代噻吩基。通常,单环杂环烷基具有3至7元。优选的3至7元单环杂环烷基是具有5或6个环原子的那些。杂原子可以用本领域普通技术人员已知的保护基取代,例如,氮上的氢可以用叔丁氧基羰基取代。此外,杂环烷基可以任选地用一种或更多种取代基取代。另外,杂环与其他基团的连接点可以是杂环的碳原子或杂原子。在该定义中仅预期这种被取代的杂环基团的稳定异构体。
如本文所使用的,术语“杂芳基”或类似术语指单环的或多环的杂芳环,其包括碳原子环成员和一种或更多种杂原子环成员(例如氧、硫或氮)。通常,杂芳基基团具有1至约5个杂原子环成员和1至约14个碳原子环成员。代表性的杂芳基基团包括吡啶基、1-氧代-吡啶基、呋喃基、苯并[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并[1,4]二英、噻吩基、吡咯基、唑基、二唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、异唑基、喹啉基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、三唑基、噻二唑基、异喹啉基、吲唑基、苯并唑基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚嗪基、咪唑并吡啶基、四唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并二唑基、吲哚基、四氢吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、咪唑并吡啶基、喹唑啉基、嘌呤基、吡咯并[2,3]嘧啶基、吡唑并[3,4]嘧啶基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基和苯并(b)噻吩基。杂原子可以用本领域普通技术人员已知的保护基取代,例如,氮上的氢可以用叔丁氧基羰基取代。此外,氮或硫杂原子环成员可以是氧化的。在一个实施方式中,杂原子环选自5至8元单环杂芳基环。根据具体的实施方式,杂芳基基团是五元环杂芳基基团。杂芳香环或杂芳环与其他基团的连接点可以是杂芳香环或杂芳环的碳原子或杂原子。
如本文所使用的,术语“芳基”指包含碳和氢原子的单环或多环芳香基团。合适的芳基基团的实例包括但不限于苯基、甲苯基、蒽基、芴基、茚基、薁基(azulenyl)和萘基,以及苯并稠合的碳环部分例如5,6,7,8-四氢萘基。
术语“环烷基基团”指包含所示环原子数的、饱和或部分不饱和的、单环、稠合双环或桥多环集合。这包括经取代或未经取代的环烷基基团。例如,环烷基基团可以是C3至C10烷基基团,例如C3或C4,特别是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基或环辛基基团等。
如本文所使用的,术语“增溶性基团”指相比不包括该基团的类似化合物,改善化合物在水或水溶液中溶解度的基团。这种增溶性基团的非限制性实例是在用于形成带电部分的条件下离子化的那些基团(例如羧酸、磺酸、磷酸、胺等);包含永久电荷的基团(例如季铵基团);和/或杂原子或杂原子基团例如O、S、N、NH、N-(CH2)zR、N-(CH2)z-C(O)R、N-(CH2)z-C(O)OR、N-(CH2)z-S(O)2R、N-(CH2)z-S(O)2OR、N-(CH2)z-C(O)NRR’,其中z是0至6的整数;R和R’各自独立地选自氢、包含1至10个碳原子并任选地被一种或更多种杂原子如卤素(选自F、Cl、Br或I)、氧和氮取代的烷基;以及包含1至10个碳原子的烷氧基;以及芳基和杂芳基。
在一些实施方式中,增溶性基团是任选地包括1至5个取代基的杂环烷基,取代基本身可以是增溶性基团。
在一个具体的实施方式中,增溶性基团为下式:
其中,L选自CH和N;M选自–CH(R)-、-CH2-、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(-(CH2)z-R)-、-N(-(CH2)z-C(O)R)-、-N(-(CH2)z-C(O)OR)-、-N(-(CH2)z-S(O)2R)-、-N(-(CH2)z-S(O)2OR)-和-N(-(CH2)z-C(O)NRR’)-,其中z是0至6的整数,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、包含1至10个碳原子并任选地被一种或更多种杂原子如卤素(选自F、Cl、Br和I)、氧和氮取代的烷基;以及包含1至10个碳原子的烷氧基,NRR’基团其中R和R’各自独立地选自氢、如上定义的任选地被至少一个杂原子取代的烷基基团、特别是被任选地被取代的包含1至10个碳原子的烷基任选地取代的氧或氮;以及芳基和杂芳基,条件是L和M分别不同时为CH和CH2。
在另一个具体的实施方式中,增溶性基团选自吗啉基,哌啶基,吡咯烷基,N-(C1-C6)烷基哌啶基、特别是N-甲基哌啶基和N-乙基哌啶基,N-(4-哌啶基)哌啶基,4-(l-哌啶基)哌啶基,1-吡咯烷基哌啶基,4-吗啉哌啶基、4-(N-甲基-l-哌嗪基)哌啶基,哌嗪基,N-(C1-C6)烷基哌嗪基、特别是N-甲基哌嗪基和N-乙基哌嗪基,N-(C3-C6)环烷基哌嗪基、特别是N-环己基哌嗪基,吡咯烷基,N-(C1-C6)烷基吡咯烷基、特别是N-甲基吡咯烷基和N-乙基吡咯烷基,二吖庚因基(diazepinyl),N-(C1-C6)烷基吖庚因基、特别是N-甲基吖庚因基和N-乙基吖庚因基,高哌嗪基(homopiperazinyl),N-甲基高哌嗪基,N-乙基高哌嗪基,咪唑基等。
本文使用术语“溶剂合物”用于描述包含本发明的化合物和一种或更多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子如乙醇的分子复合物。当所述溶剂是水时,使用术语“水合物”。
本文使用术语“溶剂合物异构体”用于描述包含本发明的化合物和一种或更多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子如乙醇的两种或更多种分子复合物,其中所述复合物区别在于每分子本发明化合物它们的溶剂分子数。当所述溶剂是水时,使用术语“水合物”。
本文使用术语“代谢物”用于描述母体化合物通过代谢的生化转化得到的化合物。
具体实施方式
化合物
本发明涉及作为单个试剂或与其他细胞毒素剂结合能够对多种肿瘤细胞系显示抗恶性细胞增生活性的化合物。
在第一个实施方式中,本发明旨在式(I)的化合物,其可以表示为物质的游离碱形式或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地选自:
-氢;
-杂环;
-氰基;
-CF3;
-NRR’;
-OH;
-卤素,优选地选自F、Cl、Br和I;
-任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;
-任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷氧基;
-CO-NRR’;
-SO2-NRR’;
-NR-CO-R’;和
-NR-SO2R’;
其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、环烷基、杂环、增溶性基团和任选地被选自OR”、NR”R”’、NR”COR”’和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;其中R”和R”’各自独立地选自氢、烷基或环烷基;
A是任选地被取代的杂环基,优选A是任选地被选自卤素、烷基、芳基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、巯基、杂环烷基、杂芳基、氰基、环烷基、增溶性基团、-NRR’、-烷基-NRR’的一种或更多种基团取代的杂环基;-NR-CO-R’、-烷基-NR-CO-R’、-CONRR’和-SO2NRR’基团;其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂环烷基和杂芳基基团;
B是芳基或杂芳基;
X是N或C-R6,其中R6选自氢、氰基、CF3、烷基和烷氧基。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对其中R3是氢的化合物。
根据另一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对下式(II)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1、R2和R4各自独立地选自:氢;杂环;氰基;-CF3;-NRR’;-OH;卤素,优选选自F、Cl、Br和I;任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷氧基;-CO-NRR’;-SO2-NRR’;-NR-CO-R’和-NR-SO2R’;
其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、环烷基、杂环、增溶性基团和任选地被选自OR”、NR”R”’、NR”COR”’和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;其中R”和R”’各自独立地选自氢、烷基或环烷基;
A选自任选地被取代的杂环基,优选的A是任选地被选自卤素、烷基、芳基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、巯基、杂环烷基、杂芳基、氰基、环烷基、增溶性基团、-NRR’、-烷基-NRR’的一种或更多种基团取代的杂环基;-NR-CO-R’、-烷基-NR-CO-R’、-CONRR’和-SO2NRR’基团;其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂环烷基和杂芳基基团;
B是五元环杂芳基基团。
根据另一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对下式(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1和R2各自独立地选自:氢;杂环;氰基;-CF3;-NRR’;-OH;卤素,优选选自F、Cl、Br和I;任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;任选地被选自杂环、NRR’、OR和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷氧基;-CO-NRR’;-SO2-NRR’;-NR-CO-R’和-NR-SO2R’;
其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、环烷基、杂环、增溶性基团和任选地被选自OR”、NR”R”’、NR”COR”’和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基;其中R”和R”’各自独立地选自氢、烷基或环烷基;
A是任选地被取代的杂环基,优选地A是任选地被选自卤素、烷基、芳基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、巯基、杂环烷基、杂芳基、氰基、环烷基、增溶性基团、-NRR’、-烷基-NRR’的一种或更多种基团取代的杂环基;-NR-CO-R’、-烷基-NR-CO-R’、-CONRR’和-SO2NRR’基团;其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂环烷基和杂芳基基团;
B是五元环杂芳基基团。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1代表氢或烷基基团,优选R1代表氢或C1至C3烷基,更优选R1代表氢、甲基、乙基或丙基,还更优选R1代表氢或甲基。根据另一个具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1代表烷基基团,优选R1代表C1至C3烷基,更优选R1代表甲基、乙基或丙基,还更优选R1代表甲基。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R2代表氢或任选地被烷氧基取代的烷基基团,优选R2代表氢、甲基或–CH2-O-C2H5。根据另一个具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R2代表氢。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R3代表氢。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R4代表任选地被选自NRR’和OR的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基基团;任选地被选自NRR’和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷氧基基团;或-CO-NRR’;其中R和R’各自独立地选自氢和任选地被选自OR”、NR”R”’、NR”COR”’和增溶性基团的一种或更多种基团取代的烷基基团;其中R”和R”’各自独立地选自氢或烷基。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R4代表被OR取代的烷基基团,其中R代表烷基基团;或者R4代表烷氧基基团;优选R4代表–CH2-O-C2H5或–O-CH3。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R5代表氢。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1代表烷基基团,R2代表氢,R3代表氢,R4代表被OR取代的烷基基团,其中R代表烷基基团;或者R4代表烷氧基基团;R5代表氢。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1代表甲基,R2代表氢,R3代表氢,R4代表-CH2-O-C2H5或–O-CH3;R5代表氢。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,R1是甲基,R2、R3和R5是氢,R4是-CH2OC2H5。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,X代表N或C-R6,其中R6选自氢和烷氧基基团。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,X代表N、CH或C(OCH3)。根据优选的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,X代表CH。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,A代表杂环烷基基团。或者,在本发明的化合物中,A代表杂芳基基团。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,A代表三唑基、氧代三唑基、咪唑基、氧代咪唑烷基、吡唑基、吡啶基、氧代吡啶基、噻唑基或氧代吡咯烷基。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,A代表2-氧代咪唑烷基或吡唑基,更优选A代表2-氧代咪唑烷基。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,A是被选自卤素、烷基、芳基、羟基、烷氧基、硝基、巯基、杂环烷基、杂芳基、氰基、环烷基、增溶性基团、-NRR’、-烷基-NRR’的一种或更多种基团取代的杂环基基团;-NR-CO-R’、-烷基-NR-CO-R’、-CONRR’和-SO2NRR’基团;其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂环烷基和杂芳基基团。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,A是被烷基、烷氧基、-烷基-NRR’或-烷基-NR-CO-R’取代的杂环基基团,更优选A被甲基、甲氧基、-CH2-CH2-NH2或-CH2-CH2-NHCO-CH3取代。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,B代表芳基基团。或者,B代表杂芳基基团。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,B代表五元环杂芳基。根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,B代表二唑基、唑基、噻二唑基或噻唑基,优选B代表二唑基、唑基或噻唑基。根据具体的实施方式,B不选自1,2二嗪基、三唑吡啶基或三唑基。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,B代表唑基或噻唑基。根据具体的实施方式,当B是唑基时,A不是四唑基或四氢吡啶基。根据具体的实施方式,当B是噻唑基时,A不是咪唑基、三唑基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基或1,4-嗪基。
根据具体的实施方式,在本发明的化合物中,X是CH,A是2-氧代咪唑烷基或吡唑基基团。
根据一个实施方式,在式(III)的化合物中,R1和R2各自独立的是氢或烷基基团(优选C1至C3烷基,更优选甲基、乙基或丙基),A是2-氧代咪唑烷基,B是杂芳基基团。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对下式(IVa)或(IVb)的化合物:
其中,B、R1、R2和R4如上所述。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对下式(Va)或(Vb)的化合物:
其中,A、R1、R2和R4如上所述。
根据一个实施方式,在式(I)的化合物中,本发明针对下式(VIa)、(VIb)、(VIc)或(VId)的化合物:
其中,R1、R2和R4如上所述。
下表1中描述了上式的优选化合物的实例:
表1:
其中,化合物中存在一个或更多个手性中心,可以存在对映异构体或非对映异构体的混合物。这种化合物可以以对映体纯形式或非对映体纯形式用作药物,作为外消旋混合物或富集一种或更多种立体异构体的混合物。本发明要求保护的范围描述了这种化合物的外消旋形式以及单独的对映异构体、非对映异构体和立体异构体富集的混合物。
手性化合物的单一立体异构体一般由光学纯前体制得,或通过色谱分析例如手性高压液相色谱(HPLC)分离对映异构体制得。外消旋混合物也可以通过与适当反应性的手性化合物反应而通过色谱分析分离而转化成可分离的非对映异构体。或者,分离可以通过转化成手性盐实现。例如,包含碱性基团的外消旋手性化合物可以与手性酸如马来酸形成非对映异构盐。如此制得的非对映异构盐的混合物可以通过分步结晶分离。通过这些方法合成的纯合成非对映异构体然后可以通过本领域技术人员已知的传统化学方法转化成期望的立体异构体。在本发明中,手性外消旋化合物可以通过手性HPLC、在合适的手性固定相上、用庚烷/乙醇的混合物或纯醇(甲醇或乙醇)洗脱分离。立体异构体的聚集体可以通过本领域技术人员已知的传统技术分离。参见例如Ernest L.Eliel的“Stereochemistry ofOrganic Compounds”(Wiley,New York,1994)。
式(I)的化合物可以以药学上可接受的无机酸或有机酸衍生的盐的形式被使用。除非另外指出,“药学上可接受的盐”指通过式(I)的化合物与酸或碱结合制得的盐,酸的阴离子或碱的阳离子一般被认为适合于人体食用。药学上可接受的盐由于其相对于母体化合物的极大水溶性,作为本发明方法的产物是特别有用的。对于在药物中的用途,本发明的化合物的盐是无毒的“药学上可接受的盐”。包含在术语“药学上可接受的盐”中的盐指本发明化合物的无毒盐,其一般通过使游离碱与合适的有机或无机酸反应制备得到。在可能的情况下,合适的本发明化合物的药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括源于无机酸的那些,无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸、碳酸、磺酸和硫酸,以及源于有机酸的那些,有机酸例如醋酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、乙醇酸、异硫羰酸(isothionic)、乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、琥珀酸、甲苯磺酸、酒石酸和三氟乙酸。合适的有机酸一般包括例如脂肪酸、脂环酸、芳香酸、芳脂酸、杂环酸、羧酸以及有机酸的磺酸类。合适的有机酸的具体实例包括醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、羟乙酸盐、葡糖酸盐、双葡萄糖酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐、丙酮酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯酸盐、邻氨基苯甲酸、硬脂酸盐、水杨酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸盐、苯乙酸盐、扁桃酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(巴莫酸盐)、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、泛酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、替磺胺酸、环己基氨基磺酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、粘酸盐、半乳糖醛酸盐、己二酸盐、藻朊酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、糖基庚酸盐(glycoheptanoate)、甘油磷酸盐、硬脂酸庚酸盐、己酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、palmoate、果胶酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、硫氰酸盐和十一烷酸盐。此外,当本发明的化合物携带酸性部分时,其合适的药学上可接受的盐可以包括碱金属盐,例如钠盐或钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如钙盐或镁盐;与合适的有机配体形成的盐,例如季铵盐。在另一个实施方式中,碱盐是由形成无毒盐的碱制成的,包括铝盐、精氨酸盐、苄星青霉素盐(benzathine)、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、甘氨酸盐、赖氨酸盐、葡甲胺盐、乙醇胺盐、氨丁三醇盐和锌盐。有机盐可以由仲胺盐、叔胺盐或季胺盐制得,例如氨丁三醇、二乙胺、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺(N-甲葡糖胺)和普鲁卡因。含碱性氮的基团可以被例如低级烷基(CrCe)卤化物(例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、二烃(基)硫酸盐(例如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基和二戊基的磺酸盐)、长链卤化物(例如癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基和十八烷醇的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、芳基烷基卤化物(例如苄基和苯乙基的溴化物)等试剂季胺化。酸和碱的半盐也可以由例如半硫酸盐和半钙盐制得。
表述“式(I)的化合物”包括本文公开的全部子式和具体实施方式。此外,除非另外指出,表述“式(I)的化合物”包括全部形式的式(I)的化合物,包括其水合物、溶剂合物异构体、结晶形式和非结晶形式、同晶体、多晶型和代谢物。例如,式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以以非溶剂合物和溶剂合物的形式存在。当溶剂或水紧密结合时,复合物将具有明确的化学计量学,与湿度无关。然而,当溶剂或水弱结合时,如在通道溶剂合物(channel solvates)和吸湿性化合物中,水/溶剂含量取决于湿度和干燥条件。在这种情况下,非化学计量学会是常态。式(I)的化合物的立体异构体包括顺式和反式异构体、光学异构体例如本发明化合物的R和S对映体、非对映异构体、几何异构体、旋转异构体、构象异构体和互变异构体,包括显示出超过一种异构现象的化合物;及其混合物(例如外消旋体和非对映异构对)。除非另外指出,表述“式(I)的化合物”包括化合物的互变异构形式。其中结构异构体是经由低能量势垒可相互转化的,可以发生互变异构现象。这可以在包含例如亚氨基、酮基或肟基的本发明化合物中采用质子互变异性的形式,或被称为包含芳香族部分的化合物中的价键互变异构。其结果是单个化合物可以显示出超过一种同分异构现象。固体和液体形式的互变异构体的各种比例取决于分子上的多种取代基以及用于分离化合物的具体结晶技术。
药物组合物、药剂和用途
本发明还涉及药物组合物,其包含如上所述的化合物。
相应的,本发明涉及包含至少一种本发明的化合物和可接受的药物赋形剂的药物组合物。
根据一个实施方式,本发明涉及包含式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和至少一种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂的药物组合物。
如本领域技术人员已知,各种形式的赋形剂可以以适合给药的模式使用,且其中一些可以促进活性分子的效力,例如通过促进释放曲线致使该活性分子整体上对于预期治疗更加有效。
因此,本发明的药物组合物能够以各种形式施用,例如以可注射的、可研碎的或可摄取的形式,例如经由肌肉内、静脉内、皮下、真皮内、口服、外用、直肠、阴道、眼睛、鼻、透皮或肠胃外途径。本发明特别覆盖了根据本发明的化合物用于制备组合物、特别是药物组合物的用途。
这种药剂可以采用适用于口服的药物组合物的形式,其可以以合适剂量、使用本领域熟知的药学上可接受的载体配制。这种载体能够使得药物组合物配制为片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、液体、凝胶剂、糖浆、药浆、悬浮剂等用于被患者摄取。除了活性成分,这些药物组合物可以包含合适的药学上可接受的载体,载体包括帮助将活性化合物加工成可以在药学上使用的制剂的赋形剂和助剂。用于配制和施用的进一步细节可以在最新版本的Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(Maack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.)中找到。
本发明的组合物也可以采用用于外用的药物或化妆品组合物的形式。
这种组合物可以以凝胶剂、糊剂、乳膏、霜剂、洗剂、液体混悬剂、水-醇或油性溶液、或洗剂型或浆液型的分散剂、或无水或亲脂性凝胶剂、或液体乳剂或乳状型半固体稠度的乳剂的形式存在,通过分散水相中的脂肪相获得,反之亦然,或以柔性悬浮剂或乳剂、半固体稠度的霜剂或凝胶型的形式存在,或者以微乳剂、微胶囊、微粒的形式存在,或以囊泡分散至离子和/或非离子型的形式存在。根据标准的方法制备这些组合物。
根据本发明的组合物可以包含皮肤学和化妆品中常用的任何成分。其可以包含选自亲水或亲脂凝胶剂、亲水或亲脂活性试剂、防腐剂、润肤剂、黏性增强聚合物、湿润剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、溶剂、香料、填料、掩蔽剂、杀菌剂、除味剂和着色物质的至少一种成分。
对于在本发明中使用的油,可以提及的是矿物油(液状石蜡)、植物油(乳木果的液体部分、葵花油)、动物油、合成油、硅油(环甲硅油)和氟化油。脂肪醇、脂肪酸(硬脂酸)和蜡(石蜡、棕榈蜡、蜂蜡)也可以用作脂肪物质。
可以在本发明中使用的乳化剂包括例如硬脂酸甘油酯、聚山梨醇酯60和PEG-6/PEG-32/硬脂酸乙二醇酯混合物。
可以在本发明中使用的亲水凝胶剂包括例如聚羧乙烯聚合物(卡波姆)、丙烯酸共聚物例如丙烯酸酯/烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、多糖例如羟丙基纤维素、粘土和天然树胶。可以用在本发明的亲脂凝胶剂包括例如改性粘土例如膨润土(bentones)、脂肪酸的金属盐例如硬脂酸铝和疏水性二氧化硅、或者乙基纤维素和聚乙烯。
对于亲水性活性试剂,可以使用蛋白质或蛋白水解物、氨基酸、多元醇、尿素、尿囊素、糖和糖的衍生物、维生素、淀粉和植物提取物,特别是芦荟的那些。
对于亲脂性活性试剂,可以使用视黄醇(维生素A)及其衍生物、生育酚(维生素E)及其衍生物、必需脂肪酸、神经酰胺和精油。当使用时,这些试剂增加了额外的保湿或皮肤软化性质。
此外,组合物中可以包括表面活性剂以提供化合物的更深渗透,该化合物作为单一试剂或与其他细胞毒性试剂结合能够对多种细胞系显示出抗恶性细胞增生活性。
在预期的成分中,本发明包含渗透促进剂,其例如选自矿物油、水、乙醇、三醋精、甘油和丙二醇;凝聚剂,例如选自聚异丁烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯和聚乙烯醇;增稠剂。
增强药物局部吸收的化学方法是本领域熟知的。例如,具有渗透增强性质的化合物包括月桂醇硫酸酯钠盐(Dugard,P.H.and Sheuplein,R.J.,"Effects of IonicSurfactants on the Permeability of Human Epidermis:An Electrometric Study,"J.Ivest.Dermatol.,第60卷,第263-69页,1973)、十二烷基胺氧化物(Johnson等人,US4411893)、氮酮(Rajadhyaksha,US4405616和3989816)和癸基甲基亚砜(Sekura,D.L.andScala,J.,"The Percutaneous Absorption of Alkylmethyl Sulfides,"Pharmacologyof the Skin,Advances In Biology of Skin,(Appleton-Century Craft)第12卷,第257-69页,1972)。已经观察到增加两性分子头部基团的极性增加了其渗透增强性质,但是以增加其皮肤刺激性质为代价(Cooper,E.R.and Berner,B.,"Interaction of Surfactantswith Epidermal Tissues:Physiochemical Aspects,"Surfactant Science Series,第16卷,Reiger,M.M.编辑(Marcel Dekker,Inc.),第195-210页,1987)。
第二类化学促进剂一般指共溶剂。这些材料相对容易地被局部吸收,通过各种机理实现了一些药物的渗透增强。乙醇(Gale等人的美国专利第4615699号和Campbell等人的美国专利第4460372号和第4379454号)、二甲亚砜(US3740420和US3743727和US4575515)和丙三醇衍生物(US4322433)是已经显示出增强吸收多种化合物的能力的化合物的几个实例。
本发明的药物组合物也可以用于将雾化制剂施用于患者呼吸道的目标区域。
US5906202公开了用于输运雾化迸发(aerosolized bursts)的药物制剂的设备和方法。制剂优选溶液,例如水溶液、乙醇溶液、水/乙醇溶液、盐溶液、胶态悬浮液和微晶悬浮液。例如,雾化颗粒包含上述活性成分和载体(例如药学活性的呼吸道药物和载体),其形成于迫使制剂经过喷嘴,喷嘴优选为柔软多孔膜的形式。颗粒的尺寸足够小使得当颗粒形成时其保持悬浮在空气中足够量时间使得患者可以将颗粒吸入到患者肺中。
本发明包括US5556611中描述的体系:
-液化气体系(液化气用作推进气,例如压力容器中的低沸点FCHC或丙烷、丁烷),
-悬浮气雾剂(活性物质颗粒以固体形式悬浮在液体推进剂相中),
-压缩气体系(使用压缩气如氮气、二氧化碳、一氧化二氮或空气)。
因此,制备根据本发明的药物制剂,其中活性物质溶解于或分散于合适的无毒介质中,所述溶液或分散剂被雾化成气雾剂,即极其微小地分散在载气中。这在技术上是可行的,例如以气雾剂推进气包、泵式喷雾器或本身已知用于液体雾化和固体粉化的其他装置的形式,其特别允许准确的单次剂量。
因此,本发明还针对包含以上定义的化合物以及这种制剂的喷雾器设备,优选具有计量剂量阀门。
本发明的药物组合物也可以用来鼻腔给药。
在这种情况下,用于将化合物施用到鼻粘膜表面的药学上可接受的载体会被普通技术人员容易地理解。在由Arthur Osol编辑的1980年第16版“Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences”中描述了这些载体。
合适的载体的选择取决于预期施用的具体种类。对于经由上呼吸道的施用,组合物可以配制为溶液,例如水或生理盐水、缓冲的或非缓冲的、或作为悬浮液,作为滴剂或喷剂用于鼻腔施用。优选地,这种溶液或悬浮液相对于鼻腔分泌物是等渗的,且具有大致相同的pH,其范围例如约pH 4.0至约pH 7.4,或pH 6.0至pH 7.0。缓冲液应该是生理上兼容的,简单地举例来说,包括磷酸盐缓冲液。例如,代表性的鼻血管收缩药描述为被缓冲至约pH6.2(Remington’s,Id,第1445页)。当然,普通技术人员可以容易地确定用于鼻和/或上呼吸道施用的无害水载体的合适含盐量和pH。
常用的鼻内载体包括鼻用凝胶、霜剂、糊剂或软膏剂,黏度为约10cps至约3000cps,或约2500cps至6500cps,或更大,其也可以用于提供与鼻粘膜表面更加持久的接触。简单地举例来说,这种载体粘性制剂也可以是基于烷基纤维素和/或本领域已知的其他高黏度生物相容性载体(参见Remington’s,如上引用的)。优选的烷基纤维素是例如浓度为每100ml载体约5mg至约1000mg或更多的甲基纤维素。简单地举例来说,甲基纤维素的更优选浓度为每100ml载体约25mg至约150mg。
其他成分,例如已知的防腐剂、着色剂、润滑油或黏性矿物油或植物油、香料、天然或合成植物提取物例如芳香油以及湿润剂和黏度增强剂例如甘油也可以包括在内来为制剂提供额外的黏度、保水性和令人愉悦的质地和气味。对于根据本发明的溶液或悬浮液的鼻腔黏膜施用,本领域各种装置可用于滴剂、液滴和喷雾的产生。
包括滴管或喷雾装置的预测量的单位剂量分配器被制备为包含一个或更多个剂量的待施用的药物,滴管或喷雾装置包含用于作为滴剂或喷雾递送的溶液或悬浮液,,预测量的单位剂量分配器也是本发明的另一个目的。本发明还包括一种试剂盒,其包含一个或更多个单位脱水剂量的化合物,以及任何需要的盐和/或缓冲剂、防腐剂、着色剂等,准备好通过添加适量的水制备溶液或悬浮液。
本发明的其他方面是针对所述化合物用于制备药剂的用途。特别地,本发明涉及一种药剂,其包含根据本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。换言之,本发明包括通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖而治疗疾病的方法,其包含将如上定义的有效量的至少一种化合物施用于需要这种治疗的对象。
有利地,根据本发明的化合物可以以有效量使用。这些数量一般包括每天每千克体重0.1mg至2g本发明的化合物。
在另一个方面,本发明针对用于调整、调节和/或抑制细胞增殖的方法。所述方法包括将如上定义的至少一种式(I)的化合物、例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐施用于细胞。
目前公开的方法可以用于治疗对象的血液疾病和/或增生性疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是增生性疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是血液疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是增生性血液疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病是癌症。
在一个实施方式中,所述对象已经被诊断为具有增生性疾病或病症。在一个实施方式中,所述对象已被诊断为具有血液疾病或病症。
在一个实施方式中,目前公开的方法不会诱导或导致蛋白激酶的抑制。
与这些血液疾病和增生性疾病相关的已知疾病或病症包括例如:
-血液疾病例如淋巴瘤和白血病,包括非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、B细胞慢性骨髓细胞性白血病(B-CLL)/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)、原发性巨球蛋白血症(WM)、边缘带淋巴瘤(MZL)、伯基特淋巴瘤和外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL);以及多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、骨髓增生异常伴有骨髓纤维化;
-增生性疾病例如肥大细胞增多症,包括色素性荨麻疹(UP)、持久斑疹性毛细管扩张(TMEP)、静止性系统性肥大细胞增多症、侵入性系统性肥大细胞增多症和白血病系统性肥大细胞增多症;
-增生性疾病例如实体瘤,包括头颈癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胰脏癌、肺癌、神经细胞癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、骨癌、骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌或前列腺癌。
式(I)的化合物,例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用于治疗如上公开的疾病或病症,例如血液病症和/或增生性病症。增生性病症可以是癌症。
在一个实施方式中,式(I)的化合物例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于治疗如上所公开的疾病或病症例如血液和/或增生性疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是增生性疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是血液疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病或病症是增生性血液疾病或病症。在具体的实施方式中,疾病是癌症。
在具体的实施方式中,式(I)的化合物用于调整、调节和/或抑制造血肿瘤细胞系增生。在具体的实施方式中,式(I)的化合物用于调整、调节和/或抑制实体瘤细胞系增生。
在目前公开的方法中,式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以用作唯一的活性药物成分或与另一种活性药物成分相结合。在一个实施方式中,式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐被用作单独的活性药物成分。在一个实施方式中,式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与另一种活性药物成分相结合使用。
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗选自血液病症和增生性病症的疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括以提供治疗效果足够的量同时或依次向需要其的人或动物对象施用至少一种式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐结合另一种活性药物成分。
本发明针对药物组合物,其包含式(I)的化合物例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和另一种活性药学试剂,作为在选自血液病症和增生性病症的疾病或病症的治疗中连续、同时或分开使用的联合制剂。
本发明针对式(I)的化合物例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐任选地与另一种活性药学试剂结合用于制备治疗选自血液病症和增生性病症的疾病或病症的药剂的用途。
尽管以上公开的方法和用途指式(I)的化合物例如式(II)或(III)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,每当技术上兼容时,其被理解为同样指包括相同化合物的药物组合物。
一般合成步骤
本发明的化合物可以通过几种方法制备,包括在方案1-2中列出的方法,其中取代基如以上式(I)中所定义,除非进一步指出。以下描述的合成方法仅仅是示例性的,本发明的化合物可以通过如本领域普通技术人员掌握的替代路线来合成。
相应地,氨基唑衍生物V的合成使用Van Leusen等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,1972,23,2369)的方法(方案1),经历了首先使芳醛I与对甲苯磺酰甲基异腈(TosMIC)反应以制备相应的唑衍生物II。使用文献方法制备非商购醛以引入醛基,或使用金属有机试剂和DMF从相应的溴化芳香族化合物引入醛基、或根据Frey等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,2001,39,6815)的方法从相应甲苯的氧化引入醛基、或Bombrun等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,2005,36,6033)的方法中使用的使用溴代甲基吡啶的二溴化然后使用碳酸钙水溶液的水解反应引入醛基。其次,那些化合物II然后通过合适的有机碱对唑部分去质子化而进一步官能化,随后使用亲电子的氯化作用制备2-氯代唑化合物III。在合适的试剂如醇的存在下以及在升高的温度的加热下,通过苯胺化合物IV(其中R’是氢)的直接亲核取代反应通常应该提供最终的目标化合物V。化合物V也可以通过在氢化钠的存在下以及在合适溶剂中例如四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺中,使化合物IV(其中R’是乙酰基团)和化合物III反应得到(WO/2007/131953)。
首先使用Iwao等人(J.Org.Chem.2009,74,8143)描述的Wittig反应使芳醛I与(甲氧甲基)三苯基氯化钾反应以制得相应的enole醚衍生物VI,经历氨基噻唑衍生物VIII的合成。其次,使用Zhao等人(Tetrahedron Lett.,2001,42,2101)的方法对enole醚衍生物VI、硫脲衍生物VII和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)进行环合反应。通过使苯胺IX和硫氰酸铵反应合成硫脲衍生物VII。
方案1
在合适的溶剂例如醇的存在下、在碱性条件下、在升高的温度的加热下使用Hantzsch反应通过2-溴酮X和硫脲衍生物VII的环合反应,经历氨基噻唑衍生物XI的合成。
或者,式(I)的化合物可以根据以下方案2,经由铜或钯偶联反应,通过使化合物XII和任选地被取代的杂环A-L反应,其中Y可以是I、Br或Cl,L是氢、硼酸、硼酸酯或三烷基聚酰胺制得。本领域普通技术人员能够识别化合物XII可以或者根据以上方案1中列出的步骤制备。
方案2
实施例
现在通过代表目前优选实施方式的实施例说明本发明,其构成本发明的一部分但并不用于限制本发明的范围。
A.化合物合成
参考以下制备实施例会更充分的理解本发明,但其不应该解释为限制本发明的范围。一般来说:所用的全部化学品都是商业试剂级产品。溶剂是无水商业级且使用时无需进一步纯化。通过使用预涂敷硅胶60F 254的Merck TLC层析板通过在UV光下可视的薄层色谱分析监控反应进程。1H NMR光谱的多重性显示为单重(s)、宽单重(br s)、双重(d)、三重(t)、四重(q)以及多重(m),NMR光谱在Bruker 300或500MHz光谱仪上进行。
缩略词
n-Buli 正丁基锂
t-BuOH 叔丁醇
CaCO3 碳酸钙
CCl4 四氯化碳
C2Cl6 六氯乙烷
CDCl3 氘代氯仿
Cs2CO3 碳酸铯
CuI 碘化亚铜
DCC 二环己基碳二亚胺
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMAP 4-二甲氨基吡啶
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO-d6 六氘代二甲基亚砜
EDCI 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳化二亚胺
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
Et2O 乙醚
Et3N 三乙胺
h 小时
H2O 水
H4N2 一水合肼
HCl 盐酸
Conc.HCl 浓盐酸(37%)
HOBt 羟基苯并三唑
iPrOH 2-丙醇
K2CO3 碳酸钾
KHCO3 碳酸氢钾
LiHMDS 双(三甲基硅基)氨基锂
MeOH 甲醇
MgSO4 硫酸镁
Mins 分钟
NaCl 氯化钠
NaH 氢化钠
NaHCO3 碳酸氢钠
NaNO2 亚硝酸钠
NaOEt 乙醇钠
NaOH 氢氧化钠
NBS N-溴代丁二酰亚胺
NH4Cl 氯化铵
NH4SCN 硫氰酸铵
Pd/C 钯碳10重量%
Pd2(dba)3 三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)
PE 石油醚
(PhCO)2O2 过氧化苯甲酰
SnCl2.2H2O 二水合氯化锡(II)
RT 室温
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TosMIC 对甲苯磺酰甲基异腈
Xantphos 4,5-双(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽
A.1.化合物001:
化合物001的合成方法
2-溴代-5-(二溴甲基)吡啶(Ia)的制备
向2-溴代-5-甲基-吡啶(3.000g,17.44毫摩尔)的CCl4(30ml)溶液加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(6.829g,38.36毫摩尔)和过氧化苯酰(506mg,2.09毫摩尔)。反应混合物在黑暗条件下、在90℃下搅拌16小时。冷却反应混合物,加入PE。将得到的固体过滤,用更多的PE洗涤。将经冷却的混合物蒸发干燥,用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取。将经合并的有机物经MgSO4干燥,过滤和蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用10%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体Ia(4.6g,80%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.46(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.87(dd,J=8.4,2.7Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.61(s,1H)。
6-溴烟醛(Ib)的制备
中间体Ia(3.650g,11.07毫摩尔)、碳酸钙(2.437g,24.35毫摩尔)的水(80ml)溶液在105℃下搅拌16小时。将经冷却的混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发以得到中间体Ib(1.890g,92%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.05(s,1H),8.78(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.98(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=8.2Hz,1H)。
向中间体Ib(1.600g,8.60毫摩尔)的MeOH(35ml)溶液加入K2CO3(3.567g,25.80毫摩尔)和TosMIC(2.015g,10.32毫摩尔)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物16小时。将经冷却的混合物蒸发干燥,用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体Ic(1.371g,71%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.68(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.78(dd,J=8.3,2.5Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.46(s,1H)。
在密封管中,向中间体Ic(1.000g,4.44毫摩尔)的干燥甲苯(6mL)溶液依次加入吡唑(454mg,6.66毫摩尔)、碳酸钾(1.228g,8.88毫摩尔)、消旋-反式-N,N’-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺(137μL,0.89毫摩尔)和碘化亚铜(42mg,0.22毫摩尔)。将反应混合物在110℃下搅拌3天。将经冷却的混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体Id(817mg,87%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.85(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.65(dd,J=2.6,0.5Hz,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.31(dd,J=8.6,2.3Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.6,0.7Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),6.61(dd,J=2.6,1.7Hz,1H)。
在-78℃下,在10分钟内向中间体Id(817mg,3.85毫摩尔)的干燥THF(26ml)搅拌溶液逐滴加入LiHMDS的干燥THF(4.23ml,4.23毫摩尔)溶液。反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。然后,加入C2Cl6(1.094g,4.62毫摩尔),反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体Ie(736mg,78%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.65(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),8.27(dd,J=8.6,2.3Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.92(s,1H),7.87(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),6.72–6.55(m,1H)。
N-(5-甲氧基-2-甲苯基)乙酰胺(If)的制备
在0℃下,向5-甲氧基-2-甲基-苯胺(4.000g,29.16毫摩尔)的干燥DCM(60ml)溶液逐滴依次加入干燥Et3N(12.2ml,87.48毫摩尔)和乙酰氯(4.2ml,58.32毫摩尔)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物用水稀释,用DCM萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用40%至60%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体If(4.952g,95%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.63(dd,J=8.3,2.3Hz,1H),3.77(s,3H),2.18(s,3H),2.17(s,3H)。
在0℃下,向分散在矿物油(162mg,4.06毫摩尔)的氢氧化钠60%的干燥DMF(5ml)溶液逐滴加入中间体If(363mg,2.03毫摩尔)的干燥DMF(5ml)溶液。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,在0℃下将中间体Ie(500mg,2.03毫摩尔)的干燥DMF(5ml)溶液逐滴加入。反应混合物在0℃下搅拌3小时。将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用NaHCO3饱和溶液(三次)、水、NaCl饱和溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用10%至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体001(480mg,68%)。1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.38(s,1H),8.68(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.62(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.12(dd,J=8.6,2.3Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.59(s,2H),7.09(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.66–6.51(m,2H),3.73(s,3H),2.23(s,3H)。
A.2.化合物002:
化合物002的合成方法
3-甲氧基-4-硝基苯甲醛(IIa)的制备
向3-羟基-4-硝基苯甲醛(2.000g,11.98毫摩尔)的DMF(24ml)溶液加入K2CO3(1.687g,12.22毫摩尔)和碘甲烷(1.52ml,24.44毫摩尔)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物4小时。将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用NaHCO3饱和溶液(三次)、水、NaCl饱和溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发以得到中间体IIa(2.137g,98%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.06(s,1H),7.93(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.54(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H),4.04(s,3H)。
如上从中间体IIa制备中间体Ic得到中间体IIb(2.708g,100%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(s,1H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.35(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=8.4,1.7Hz,1H),4.05(s,3H)。
向中间体IIb(2.708g,12.30毫摩尔)的EtOH/DCM(104/46ml)溶液加入SnCl2·2H2O(13.875g,61.50毫摩尔)和浓HCl(10ml)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物16小时。加入水并加入NaOH水溶液(2.5M)直到得到碱性pH。将粗产物用DCM萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析使用0至40%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂纯化以得到中间体IIc(1.972g,84%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.26(s,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.10(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.06(dd,J=8.0,1.8Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.07(s,2H),3.83(s,3H)。
在0℃下,向中间体IIc(1.972g,10.37毫摩尔)的HCl 6N(25ml)的悬浮液逐滴加入NaNO2(787mg,11.47毫摩尔)的水溶液(10ml)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。然后,加入SnCl2·2H2O(6.784g,30.07毫摩尔),在0℃下搅拌反应混合物2小时。加入2.5N NaOH溶液直到得到碱性pH,将粗产物用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发以得到中间体IId(1.834g,86%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.27(s,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.20(dd,J=8.2,1.7Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.05(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.29(s,1H),4.05(s,2H),3.31(s,3H)。
向中间体IId(1.834g,8.94毫摩尔)的EtOH(30ml)溶液加入丙二醛双(二甲缩醛)(1.63ml,9.84毫摩尔)和浓HCl(1ml)。将反应混合物在70℃下搅拌2小时。将经冷却的混合物蒸发干燥,用NaHCO3饱和溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体IIe(1.380g,64%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.85(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.40(s,1H),7.36(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.46–6.43(m,1H),3.97(s,3H)。
如上从中间体IIe制备中间体Ie,然后通过硅胶层析用0至20%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体IIf(1.380g,88%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.13(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.33(s,1H),7.30(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),6.48–6.42(m,1H),3.98(s,3H)。
向中间体IIe(300mg,1.09毫摩尔)的干燥iPrOH(2ml)溶液加入中间体IIg(171mg,1.04毫摩尔)和HCL的乙醚溶液(220μl,0.22毫摩尔)。将反应混合物在90℃下搅拌16小时。将经冷却的混合物蒸发干燥,用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至40%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体002(230mg,55%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.33(s,1H),8.20(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.74–7.66(m,2H),7.55(s,1H),7.39(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J=8.3,1.7Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),6.52–6.45(m,1H),4.43(s,2H),3.95(s,3H),3.49(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.30(s,3H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
(IIg)的合成方法
4-乙氧甲基-1-甲基-2-硝基苯(IIh)的制备
向乙醇钠(75mL,246.42毫摩尔)的干燥乙醇溶液加入4-氯甲基-1-甲基-2-硝基苯(15.000g,82.14毫摩尔)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。加入水,在减压下移除乙醇。将粗产物用DCM萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体IIh(15.364g,96%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=7.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.52(s,2H),3.56(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.58(s,3H),1.26(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-硝基苯(IIg)的制备
向中间体IIh(15.364g,78.70毫摩尔)的乙醇(500ml)溶液依次逐滴加入Pd/C(5.405g,0.33重量%)和一水合肼(10.7mL,212.49毫摩尔)。将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌2小时。然后,经由板过滤热混合物,用乙醇洗涤。浓缩滤液得到中间体IIg(13.779g,100%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.01(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.68(s,1H),6.67(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.41(s,2H),3.59(s,2H),3.51(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.15(s,3H),1.23(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
A.3.化合物003:
化合物003的合成方法
1-(5-(乙氧甲基)-2-甲苯基)硫脲(IIIa)的制备
在室温下向硫氰酸钾(2.534g,33.29毫摩尔)的丙酮(35ml)溶液逐滴加入苯甲酰氯(3.5ml,30.26毫摩尔)溶液。在50℃下搅拌反应混合物15分钟。然后加入中间体IIg(5.000g,30.26毫摩尔)的丙酮(15ml)溶液,将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌15分钟。加入水,过滤固体,用更多水和乙醚洗涤以得到白色固体。在室温下搅拌含碳酸钾(7.946g,57.49毫摩尔)的后者的MeOH(27ml)溶液3小时。在减压下移除甲醇,将固体用水和乙醚洗涤以得到中间体IIIa(5.800g,78%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.20(s,1H),7.21(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.14(s,1H),7.10(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.40(s,2H),3.47(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.17(s,3H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
4-(4-溴苯基)-N-(5-(乙氧甲基)-2-甲苯基)噻唑-2-胺(IIIb)的制备
向2,4’-二溴苯乙酮(1.500g,5.39毫摩尔)的EtOH(54ml)溶液加入中间体IIIa(1.211g,5.39毫摩尔)和碳酸氢钾(1.621g,16.02毫摩尔)。将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌16小时。将经冷却的混合物蒸发以干燥,用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体IIIb(2.000g,92%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.37(s,1H),8.01(s,1H),7.82(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.35(s,1H),7.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.44(s,2H),3.50(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H),1.16(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
1-{4-[2-(5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-苯基氨基)-噻唑-4-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮(003)的制备
在密封管中,向IIIb(500mg,1.29毫摩尔)的干燥二氧六环(7ml)溶液依次加入2-咪唑烷酮(556mg,6.45毫摩尔)、碳酸铯(1.052g,3.23毫摩尔)、Xantphos(75mg,0.13毫摩尔)。在加入Pd2(dba)3(35mg,0.04毫摩尔)之前将反应混合物用氮气脱气20分钟。然后,将反应混合物在110℃下搅拌16小时。就经冷却的混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用60%至90%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体003(260mg,52%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.29(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),7.81(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.12(s,1H),6.96(s,1H),6.93(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.44(s,2H),3.91–3.83(m,2H),3.50(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.45–3.37(m,2H),2.27(s,3H),1.17(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
A.4.化合物004:
化合物004的合成方法
(E/Z)-1-(4-(2-甲氧基乙烯基)苯基)-1H-吡唑(IVa)的制备
在0℃下,向(甲氧基甲基)三苯基氯化磷(5.973g,17.43毫摩尔)的干燥THF(40ml)溶液逐滴加入n-BuLi的干燥THF(4.7mL,11.62毫摩尔)溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。然后,在0℃下,逐滴加入4-(1H-吡唑-1-基)苯甲醛(1.000g,5.81毫摩尔)的干燥THF(20ml)溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。将经冷却的混合物用NH4Cl的饱和溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至20%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体(E/Z)50/50Iva(758mg,65%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.71(s,2H),7.65(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.62–7.56(m,4H),7.30(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.07(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),6.47–6.43(m,2H),6.17(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.83(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),5.24(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.70(s,3H)。
5-(4-(1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-N-(5-(乙氧甲基)-2-甲苯基)噻唑-2-胺(004)的制备
向中间体Iva(200mg,1.00毫摩尔)的二氧六环/水(1/1mL)溶液加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(196mg,1.10毫摩尔)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物1小时。然后,加入中间体IIIa(224mg,1.00毫摩尔),在80℃下搅拌反应混合物16小时。将经冷却的混合物用NH4Cl饱和溶液稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体004(270mg,69%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.42(s,1H),8.50(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.79(s,1H),7.75(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.67(s,1H),7.60(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.60–6.52(m,1H),4.42(s,2H),3.48(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
A.5.化合物005:
化合物005的合成方法
如上从4-(1H-吡唑-1-基)苯甲醛制备中间体Ic,然后通过硅胶层析用40%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体Va(23.637g,96%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.78(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.76–7.72(m,3H),7.38(s,1H),7.26(s,1H),6.54–6.47(m,1H)。
如上从中间体Va制备中间体Ie,然后通过硅胶层析用30%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体Vb(7g,100%)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.31(s,1H),6.53–6.46(m,1H)。
(Vc)的合成方法
叔丁基4-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸酯(Vf)的制备
在0℃下,向4-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸(6.000g,33.12毫摩尔)的干燥DCM溶液逐滴依次加入DMAP(404mg,3.312毫摩尔)、t-BuOH(2.946g,27.602毫摩尔)和DCC(8.200g,27.602毫摩尔)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物48小时。然后,过滤反应混合物,用更多DCM洗涤,浓缩滤液。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至20%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体Vf(6.793g,86%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.51(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.08(dd,J=8.0,1.7Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.64(s,3H),1.60(s,9H)。
叔丁基3-氨基-4-苯甲酸甲酯(Vg)的制备
向用氮气脱气的中间体Vf(6.793g,28.64毫摩尔)的EtOH(60ml)溶液加入Pd/C(1.200g)和环己烯(60ml)。将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌16小时。经由板过滤反应混合物,用更多EtOH洗涤,浓缩滤液得到中间体Vg(6.200g,100%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.07(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.68(s,2H),2.20(s,3H),1.57(s,9H)。
叔丁基3-乙酰胺基-4-苯甲酸甲酯(Vc)的制备
如上从中间体Vg制备中间体If,然后通过硅胶层析用25%至40%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体Vc(6.296g,84%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17(s,1H),7.71(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H),2.19(s,3H),1.57(s,9H)。
如上从中间体Vb和Vc制备001,然后通过硅胶层析用10%至40%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体Vf(1.100g,65%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.47(s,1H),8.54(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.51(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.53(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.50(s,1H),7.32(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.59–6.52(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),1.54(s,9H)。
向中间体Vd(1.100g,2.64毫摩尔)的DCM(13ml)溶液逐滴加入TFA(2.7ml)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物16小时。浓缩反应混合物,在Et2O中研磨固体并过滤得到中间体Ve(1.200g,96%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.55(s,1H),8.57(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.54(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.57(dd,J=7.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),7.33(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.62–6.48(m,1H),2.37(s,3H)。
向中间体Ve(200mg,0.42毫摩尔)的干燥DMF(2ml)溶液依次加入HOBt(83mg,0.61毫摩尔)、EDCI(159mg,0.83毫摩尔)、Et3N(464μl,6.32毫摩尔)和2-吗啉代乙胺(72μl,0.55毫摩尔)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。将混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用NaHCO3饱和溶液(三次)、水、NaCl饱和溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用0至20%的MeOH/EtOAc作为洗脱剂以得到005(165mg,83%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.41(s,1H),8.54(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.32(s,1H),8.29(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.47(s,1H),7.45(dd,J=7.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.59–6.53(m,1H),3.61–3.52(m,4H),3.42–3.33(m,2H),2.47(m,2H),2.42(m,4H),2.34(s,3H)。
A.6.化合物006:
化合物006的合成方法
如上从4-溴苯甲醛制备中间体Ic以得到中间体VIa(15.000g,95%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92(s,1H),7.56(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.36(s,1H)。
如上从中间体VIa制备中间体Ie,然后通过硅胶层析用5%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体VIb(9.000g,98%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.46(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.29(s,1H)。
如上从中间体VIb和IIg制备002,然后通过硅胶层析用0%至20%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂得到中间体VIc(4.234g,68%)。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.32(s,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.61(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.50(d,J=9.9Hz,3H),7.16(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.40(s,2H),3.47(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H),1.14(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
在密封管中,向VIc(500mg,1.29毫摩尔)的干燥二氧六环(7ml)溶液依次加入2-咪唑烷酮(556mg,6.45毫摩尔)、碳酸铯(1.052g,3.23毫摩尔)、Xantphos(75mg,0.13毫摩尔)。在加入Pd2(dba)3(35mg,0.04毫摩尔)之前将反应混合物用氮气脱气20分钟。然后,将反应混合物在110℃下搅拌16小时。将将冷却的混合物用水稀释,用EtOAc萃取两次。将经合并的有机物用水、饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。终产物通过硅胶层析纯化、使用10%至50%的EtOAc/环己烷作为洗脱剂以得到中间体006(260mg,52%)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.16(s,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.63(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.52(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.28(s,1H),7.16(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.00(s,1H),6.93(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.42(s,2H),3.91–3.85(m,2H),3.48(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.45–3.38(m,2H),2.28(s,3H),1.15(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
A.7.化合物007-064:
根据上述方法和一般合成步骤合成表1的化合物007-050。
B.药理学实例——抗肿瘤活性
B.1.简介:
到1980年代中期,已经在世界范围内建立了很多肿瘤细胞系,很多可以从资源库例如美国典型培养物中心购买。在1980年代后期,开发了“美国国家癌症研究所60种人肿瘤细胞系抗癌药物筛选”(NCI60)作为生长抑制活性的化合物的筛选工具。由60种人肿瘤细胞系组成、代表9种癌症类型的NCI60已经成为研究群体的化合物评价资源(Sharma等人,Nature Reviews,2010,10,241;Shoemaker,Nature Reviews,2006,6,813)。
这种高通量、基于细胞的分析方法对发现随后证实治疗活性的几种试剂是至关重要的。NCI60对于目前化学疗法的可能最显著的贡献是在2003年由FDA批准的蛋白酶体抑制剂Bortezomib的开发。
尽管用于评估药物疗效的这种方法的生理相关性和有效性仍有争议,但是大多数研究者认同其仍然是我们用于识别和表征可以潜在产生癌症患者临床益处的药物制剂的最好工具。
针对代表17种癌症类型即白血病(由1种细胞系表示)、淋巴瘤(4种细胞系)、骨髓瘤(1种细胞系)、结直肠癌(2种细胞系)、头颈癌(3种细胞系)、肺癌(3种细胞系)、黑素瘤(2种细胞系)、胰脏癌(2种细胞系)、前列腺癌(2种细胞系)、卵巢癌(2种细胞系)、乳腺癌(2种细胞系)、肾癌(2种细胞系)、胃癌(2种细胞系)、肝癌(2种细胞系)、恶性胶质瘤(2种细胞系)、骨肉瘤(1种细胞系)、尤文肉瘤(1种细胞系)的一组约34种人肿瘤细胞系测试式(I)的化合物。
B.2.方法:
基于细胞增生的化合物筛选
对肿瘤细胞系进行CellTiter-Blue基于细胞的存活/增生检测(Promega G8080)。在96孔板中接种总共1×104个细胞/孔/50μl。通过添加0至10μM的1/10连续稀释的2x药物溶液以启动治疗。细胞在37℃下生长48小时,然后用10μl/孔的Promega CellTiter-Bleue试剂在37℃下培养4小时。所形成的试卤灵(resorufin)染料的量由其在590nm下使用多孔扫描分光光度计(OPTIMA,BMG labtech,法国)的荧光发射来定量。使用没有细胞的空白孔作为用于分光光度计的背景对照。
测试的细胞系的实例
A375、A4513、A498、A549、ACHN、AGS、BT20、BXPC3、CALU6、CLS354、DLD1、DU145、H1299、HCT116、HEP2、HEPG2、HGC27、HL60、HUT78、KARPAS299、MDAMB231、MELWO、MESSA、OPM2、PANC1、PC3、PLCPRF5、REC1、RL、SW579、TOV112D、U118、U2OS、U87MG。
B.3.结果:
式(I)的化合物的抗肿瘤活性
表2:式(I)的化合物对于造血肿瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性(经测量的IC50)
上表2中给出的IC50表达为:
++++:IC50≤100nM
+++:100<IC50≤500nM
++:500<IC50≤1000nM
+:IC50>1000nM
N.D.:未确定
表3:式(I)的化合物对于实体瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性(经测量的IC50)
表3(续):式(I)的化合物对于实体瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性(经测量的IC50)
表3(续):式(I)的化合物对于实体瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性(经测量的IC50)
表3(续):式(I)的化合物对于实体瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性(经测量的IC50)
上表3中给出的IC50表达为:
++++:IC50≤100nM
+++:100<IC50≤500nM
++:500<IC50≤1000nM
+:IC50>1000nM
N.D.:未确定
发明人观察到通过本发明的这类式(I)的化合物对于以上列出的细胞系有非常有效的抗增生作用。表2和表3中列出的化合物充分代表了这类式(I)的化合物。
C.蛋白激酶抑制的缺失
通过本发明的化合物进行体外激酶分析以证明蛋白激酶抑制的缺失。
DiscoveRx(Ambit Biosciences)已经开发了高通量系统(KINOMEscanTM)用于筛选针对大多数的人激酶(456种激酶)的化合物。
本发明的化合物在浓度为1μM下筛选,以百分比对照(%对照)报告主要筛选结合相互作用的结果,其中较低数值表明较高采样数。使用DMSO作为阴性对照(100%对照),同时使用高亲和力化合物作为阳性对照(0%对照)。%对照如下计算:
选择性评分或S-评分是化合物选择性的定量测定。通过用化合物结合的激酶数除以被测试的不同激酶总数来计算,排除突变变量。S(10)=(%对照<10的激酶数)/(经测试的激酶数),S(1)=(%对照<1的激酶数)/(经测试的激酶数)。
举例来说,化合物003、006和033的S-评分在下表中示出。
表:在1μM下测试的实例003、006和033的S-评分表
本发明的化合物,尤其是以上所示的化合物003、006和033不会与456种经测试的激酶有效相互作用。由于化合物没有共同的激酶靶向酶(化合物003和033),并且在无激酶抑制下仍然显示出抗增生活性(化合物006),剩余的很少激酶抑制活性不能解释观察到的抗增生行为。
Claims (16)
1.一种式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
R1和R5各自独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基;
R2选自氢、任选地被一种或更多种C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C4烷基和任选地被一种或更多种-OR基团取代的C1-C4烷氧基,其中R选自氢和C1-C4烷基;
R3是氢;
R4是-CH2OC2H5;
A是选自三唑基、氧代三唑基、咪唑基、氧代咪唑烷基、吡唑基、吡啶基、氧代吡啶基、噻唑基和氧代吡咯烷基的杂环基,其任选地被选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、-C1-C4烷基-NRR’和-C1-C4烷基-NR-CO-R’基团的一种或更多种基团取代;
其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢和甲基;
X是N或CH
条件是:
当B是噻唑基时,A不是咪唑基或三唑基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X是CH,A是2-氧代咪唑烷基或吡唑基基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物是式(II)的化合物:
其中:
R1选自氢和C1-C4烷基;
R2选自氢和任选地被一种或更多种C1-C4烷氧基基团取代的C1-C4烷基和任选地被一种或更多种-OR基团取代的C1-C4烷氧基,其中R选自氢和C1-C4烷基;
R4是-CH2OC2H5;
A是选自三唑基、氧代三唑基、咪唑基、氧代咪唑烷基、吡唑基、吡啶基、氧代吡啶基、噻唑基和氧代吡咯烷基的杂环基,其任选地被选自C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、-C1-C4烷基-NRR’和-C1-C4烷基-NR-CO-R’基团的一种或更多种基团取代;其中,R和R’各自独立地选自氢和甲基;和
条件是:
当B是噻唑基时,A不是咪唑基或三唑基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1是甲基,R2和R5是氢。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其选自:
1-{4-[2-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-4-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
(5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-苯基)-[5-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基]-胺;
1-{4-[5-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-[1,2,4]噻二唑-3-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
1-{4-[2-(5-乙氧甲基-(2-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-5-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
(5-乙氧甲基-2-甲基-苯基)-[4-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯基)-噻唑-2-基]-胺;
1-{4-[2-(3-乙氧甲基-(5-甲基-苯基氨基))-噻唑-4-基]-苯基}-咪唑烷-2-酮;
4-(6-(1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-N-(5-(乙氧甲基)-2-甲基苯基)噻唑-2-胺;
1-(4-(2-((3-(乙氧甲基)苯基)氨基)噻唑-4-基)苯基)咪唑烷-2-酮。
7.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物和至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂和/或载体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物作为唯一的活性药物成分。
9.根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其还包含另一种活性药物成分。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物在制备药物中的用途。
11.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗血液疾病和/或增生性疾病的药物中的用途。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中血液疾病选自淋巴瘤;白血病;多发性骨髓瘤(MM);骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS);骨髓增生异常伴有骨髓纤维化。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其中白血病选自急性髓性白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)和慢性骨髓白血病(CML)。
14.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其中增生性疾病是癌症。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用途,其中癌症选自头颈癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胰脏癌、肺癌、神经细胞癌、多形性胶质母细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌。
16.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物作为联合制剂在制备用于在连续、同时或分开治疗选自血液疾病和增生性疾病的疾病的药物中的用途,所述药物组合物包含根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物和另一种活性药物成分。
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