CN107513387A - 一种转光剂及其制备方法和绿光转红光大棚薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种转光剂及其制备方法和绿光转红光大棚薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于转光剂和大棚薄膜领域。一种转光剂,化学式为:Na2+2yM1‑x‑yZr2O6:xEu2+,其中M代表Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素中的一种或几种的组合,且所述x的取值范围为0.01≤x≤0.2,y的取值范围为‑0.5≤y≤0.5。该转光剂的优点是化学及光稳定性好、发光效率高、颗粒分散均匀,易于与薄膜基体进行融合,发射光谱位于红光区域,与植物光合作用所需的橙红光相匹配,特别是其激发峰位于绿光区域,能够充分利用太阳光中含量最多的绿光成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于转光剂和大棚薄膜领域,特别是涉及一种转光剂和使用该转光剂的绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
背景技术
植物生理学研究表明,光合作用是植物进行生命活动和生长所需能量的最主要来源。对绿色植物而言,其光合作用主要是由叶绿素来完成的。科学研究表明,叶绿素的吸收光谱为400nm~480nm的蓝紫光区和600nm~680nm的红橙光区,也就是说,对光合作用有意义的是蓝紫光和红橙光,其它光的作用并不明显,甚至有害。然而,地球表面所接收到的太阳光中,波长为300nm~750nm的光大约仅占整个太阳光谱的一半,也就是说太阳光谱中还存在大量对植物生长有害的光,并且有益于植物生长的蓝紫光和红橙光强度不足,影响植物光合作用的效率。
转光膜是一种新型的功能性大棚薄膜,通过近十几年的研究开发与推广应用,已逐渐被广大菜农接受。不同光质膜可作为物理手段来调控植物生长。实践证明,转光膜在增强植物的光合作用、提高有效光的利用率、促进作物早熟增产、改善果实品质等方面都有较显著的效果。转光膜之所以能够进行光转换,其核心技术是在薄膜基体中添加了少量的转光剂,但是目前市场上应用的转光剂或多或少都存在一定的问题。比如稀土无机化合物型转光剂光稳定性好,但耐潮解性差且在树脂中的分散性差;稀土有机配合物型转光剂发光效率高且与树脂有很好的相容性,但也存在荧光衰减快和光稳定性差的问题;有机荧光染料在树脂中的分散性好,但发光强度不高且与作物的光谱匹配性不好。并且目前研究报道的农用转光材料主要是Eu3+、Sm3+和Mn4+等离子在红光区域的的锐峰发射,其吸收光谱均主要位于紫光和近紫外光区域。实际上,紫外光在日光成分中仅占1~3%,很多样品测试时,在紫外灯下有较明显的转光效果,但实际扣棚效果却不明显,其原因就是可转紫外光源少和转成的红光锐峰发射对光合作用所需光谱成分不吻合。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术中转光剂存在耐潮解性差、不易分散、荧光衰减快、光稳定性差、发光强度不高且与作物的光谱匹配性不好等一系列问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一种不易潮解、化学及光稳定性好、发光效率高,易于与薄膜基体进行融合的转光剂及其制备方法。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使用了上述转光剂的绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
为解决上述现有技术的不足,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种转光剂,化学式为:Na2+2yM1-x-yZr2O6:xEu2+,其中M代表Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素中的一种或几种的组合,且所述x的取值范围为0.01≤x≤0.2,y的取值范围为-0.5≤y≤0.5。
一种转光剂的制备方法,制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)以NaCO3、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2+2yM1-x-yZr2O6:xEu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,其中x的取值范围为0.01≤x≤0.2,y的取值范围为-0.5≤y≤0.5;(2)将步骤(1)获得的原料在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨后混合均匀;(3)将步骤(2)获得的混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,然后将刚玉坩埚和混合物一起放入高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1000-1400℃,灼烧时间为3-6小时,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出获得烧结体;(4)将步骤(3)获得的烧结体进行球磨粉碎,然后用蒸馏水洗涤烘干,即得所述转光剂。
作为优选,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气。
绿光转红光大棚薄膜,大棚薄膜由薄膜基体、转光剂和强化剂组成;按重量百分比计:转光剂为0.1-3.0%,强化剂为0.1%-5.0%,其余为薄膜基体;转光剂是权利要求1所述的转光剂。
作为优选,所述薄膜基体的成分为聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述强化剂为流滴剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂中的一种或几种组合。进一步的,所述流滴剂为硬脂酸甘油脂,光稳定剂为磷酸三甲酚,抗氧化剂为水杨酸苯酯、热稳定剂为硬脂酸锌。
作为优选,薄膜厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
绿光转红光大棚薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)转光母粒制备:按重量百分比称取薄膜基体树脂40-80份,转光剂10-30份,强化剂4-40份,然后在150-200℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,最后利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;(2)薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取转光母粒1-10%,薄膜基体材料90-99%,在150-200℃的条件下混合均匀,在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:(1)转光剂的制备工艺简单、材料成本低廉、不易潮解、化学及光稳定性好、发光效率高、颗粒分散均匀,易于与薄膜基体进行融合;(2)发射光谱位于红光区域,与植物光合作用所需的橙红光相匹配,特别是其激发峰位于绿光区域,能够充分利用太阳光中含量最多的绿光成分;(3)使用了该转光剂的绿光转红光大棚薄膜,能够充分利用太阳光中含量最多的绿光成分,绿光转红光效率高,促进植物生长的效果好。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的转光剂的激发和发射光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、MgCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2Mg0.98Zr2O6:0.02Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1000℃,灼烧时间为6小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚乙烯树脂40份,转光剂20份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂10份,磷酸三甲酚10份,水杨酸苯酯10份、硬脂酸锌10份;然后在200℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒2%,聚乙烯基体材料98%,在200℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.1mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
图1为本发明提供的实施例1制备的转光剂激发和发射光谱图。从图中可以发现,其适合的激发光波长覆盖了460-580nm范围的绿光,当用540nm的绿光激发时,其发射峰位置为645nm,半高宽为80nm,与植物进行光合作用所需要的光谱匹配。
不使用膜种植的生菜A、使用市售膜种植的生菜B和使用实施例1制备的绿光转红光大棚薄膜种植的生菜C进行生菜生长指标试验。生菜生长指标动态测定说明:随机选取20株样本参数接近的生菜,重复3次,测量生菜株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽。取样后先称量地上和地下部的鲜重,然后在60℃烘箱中烘至恒重后测其干重;叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量测定采用分光光度法;粗蛋白含量测定采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法;Vc含量测定采用分光光度法;可溶性糖含量测定采用蒽酮比色法;硝酸盐含量测定采用紫外分光光度法。试验是单因素实验设计方案,意味除了膜的不同或者有无膜,别的条件基本一致,所以这些指标如果有显著差异,都是由膜的不同所造成的,天数是播种后40天,试验数据下表1。
表1:
不使用膜种植的黄瓜A、使用市售膜种植的黄瓜B和使用实施例1制备的绿光转红光大棚薄膜种植的黄瓜C进行黄瓜生长指标试验。生菜生长指标动态测定说明:随机选取20株样本参数接近的生菜,重复3次。育苗后65天,试验数据下表2。
表2:
黄瓜A | 黄瓜B | 黄瓜C | |
总产量(kg/pot) | 0.77±0.0208 | 0.82±0.0208 | 0.89±0.0024 |
单果重(g) | 90.23±1.1 | 93.5±1.18 | 97.88±1.21 |
直径(mm) | 27.07±0.88 | 27.97±0.24 | 29.89±0.54 |
瓜长(cm) | 16.3±0.52 | 17.47±0.35 | 17.69±0.52 |
含水率(%) | 95.82±0.14 | 96.11±0.52 | 95.98±0.22 |
维生素(mg/kg) | 134.33±7.01 | 137.23±3.17 | 129.87±6.12 |
硝酸盐(mg/kg) | 227.59±9.24 | 186.32±5.29 | 182.32±2.6 |
可溶性糖(mg/g) | 8.64±0.06 | 9.26±0.09 | 9.67±0.05 |
有机酸(mg/g) | 7.6±0.32 | 8.1±0.17 | 7.79±0.12 |
实施例2
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、MgCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na3Mg0.499Zr2O6:0.001Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1100℃,灼烧时间为5小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚乙烯树脂45份,转光剂30份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂10份,磷酸三甲酚5份,水杨酸苯酯5份、硬脂酸锌5份;然后在180℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒10%,聚乙烯基体材料90%,在200℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.1mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例3
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、CaCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2Ca0.96Zr2O6:0.04Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1200℃,灼烧时间为4小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚氯乙烯树脂50份,转光剂25份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂5份,磷酸三甲酚10份,水杨酸苯酯5份、硬脂酸锌5份;然后在180℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒4%,聚氯乙烯基体材料96%,在180℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.15mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例4
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式NaCaSr0.3Zr2O6:0.2Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1300℃,灼烧时间为3时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚氯乙烯树脂55份,转光剂25份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂5份,磷酸三甲酚5份,水杨酸苯酯5份、硬脂酸锌5份;然后在160℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒8%,聚氯乙烯基体材料92%,在160℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.15mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例5
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、SrCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2Sr0.98Zr2O6:0.02Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1400℃,灼烧时间为3小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物树脂60份,转光剂20份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂5份,磷酸三甲酚5份,水杨酸苯酯5份、硬脂酸锌5份;然后在160℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒5%,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物基体材料95%,在180℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.1mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例6
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、MgCO3、SrCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2.4Mg0.09Sr0.7Zr2O6:0.01Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1300℃,灼烧时间为4小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚丙烯树脂65份,转光剂20份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂5份,磷酸三甲酚5份,水杨酸苯酯5份;然后在160℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒5%,聚丙烯基体材料95%,在160℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.1mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例7
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、BaCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2Ba0.96Zr2O6:0.04Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1200℃,灼烧时间为5小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物树脂70份,转光剂10份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂10份,磷酸三甲酚5份,硬脂酸锌5份;然后在150℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒1%,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物基体材料99%,在150℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.2mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
实施例8
转光剂制备:首先,以高纯的NaCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na1.6Ca0.04Sr0.1BaZr2O6:0.06Eu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合均匀;然后将混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,在高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1100℃,灼烧时间为6小时,烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出烧结体并对其进行球磨粉碎、洗涤烘干,即得一种转光剂。
薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取聚丙烯树脂80份,转光剂16份,强化剂分别为硬脂酸甘油脂1份,磷酸三甲酚1份,水杨酸苯酯1份、硬脂酸锌1份;然后在150℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;最后,按重量百分比称取转光母粒10%,聚丙烯基体材料90%,在180℃的条件下在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜,薄膜厚度为0.15mm,即可获得一种绿光转红光大棚薄膜。
Claims (9)
1.一种转光剂,其特征在于化学式为:Na2+2yM1-x-yZr2O6:xEu2+,其中M代表Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba元素中的一种或几种的组合,且所述x的取值范围为0.01≤x≤0.2,y的取值范围为-0.5≤y≤0.5。
2.一种转光剂的制备方法,其特征在于制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)以NaCO3、MgCO3、CaCO3、SrCO3、BaCO3、ZrO2和Eu2O3为原料,按照化学式Na2+2yM1-x-yZr2O6:xEu2+的化学计量比称取各原料,其中x的取值范围为0.01≤x≤0.2,y的取值范围为-0.5≤y≤0.5;(2)将步骤(1)获得的原料在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨后混合均匀;(3)将步骤(2)获得的混合物放入刚玉坩埚中,然后将刚玉坩埚和混合物一起放入高温管式炉中进行灼烧,灼烧温度为1000-1400℃,灼烧时间为3-6小时,灼烧完成后样品随炉降温至室温,最后取出获得烧结体;(4)将步骤(3)获得的烧结体进行球磨粉碎,然后用蒸馏水洗涤烘干,即得所述转光剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种转光剂的制备方法,其特征在于烧结气氛为5%的氢气和95%的氮气混合气。
4.绿光转红光大棚薄膜,大棚薄膜由薄膜基体、转光剂和强化剂组成;其特征在于按重量百分比计:转光剂为0.1-3.0%,强化剂为0.1%-5.0%,其余为薄膜基体;转光剂是权利要求1所述的转光剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的绿光转红光大棚薄膜,其特征在于所述薄膜基体的成分为聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的绿光转红光大棚薄膜,其特征在于所述强化剂为流滴剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂中的一种或几种组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的绿光转红光大棚薄膜,其特征在于所述流滴剂为硬脂酸甘油脂,光稳定剂为磷酸三甲酚,抗氧化剂为水杨酸苯酯、热稳定剂为硬脂酸锌。
8.根据权利要求4所述的绿光转红光大棚薄膜,其特征在于薄膜厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
9.绿光转红光大棚薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于绿光转红光大棚薄膜如权利要求4所述,制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)转光母粒制备:按重量百分比称取薄膜基体树脂40-80份,转光剂10-30份,强化剂4-40份,然后在150-200℃的塑炼机中混合均匀,最后利用造粒机挤出制作成转光母粒;(2)薄膜吹制:按重量百分比称取转光母粒1-10%,薄膜基体材料90-99%,在150-200℃的条件下混合均匀,在吹膜机上吹制成薄膜。
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Application publication date: 20171226 |