CN107519884B - 一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法 - Google Patents
一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VQVDTKCSDUNYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NHILTLCHCJZAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(O)(O)=O.CNC=O Chemical compound C(O)(O)=O.CNC=O NHILTLCHCJZAHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017504 Nd(NO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Inorganic materials [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种甲酸甲酯的制备方法,属于有机催化领域。将甲醇经汽化后,在常压下,一定的进样流速,一定的反应温度下,进入装载有Cu‑ZnO‑Nd2O3/SiO2催化剂的固定床反应器进行气相反应制备出甲酸甲酯。本发明的显著特征是所采用的SiO2气凝胶多元催化剂制备工艺简单,在反应过程中具有良好的催化活性和稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种甲酸甲酯的制备方法,属于有机催化领域,特指一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法。
背景技术
甲酸甲酯是一种重要的有机合成中间体,而且在C1化学产品中越来越受到重视。从甲酸甲酯出发,可以制备甲酸、醋酸、乙二醇、醋酐、丙酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基甲酰胺碳酸、碳酸二甲酯、甲醇、DL-甘氨酸等一系列琳琅满目的下游产品,几乎包括了C1化工的全部内容。它在医药和一系列有机化工产品的合成中被广泛应用。在农业中,它可用作杀虫剂,谷类作物杀菌剂、熏蒸剂和烟草处理剂等。同时甲酸甲酯也可作为汽油高辛烷值添加剂。
传统的甲酸甲酯制备方法主要有酯化法和甲醇羰基化法。酯化法是由甲酸与甲醇通过酯化反应合成甲酸甲酯,该方法需要以浓硫酸作为催化剂,工艺落后,消耗甲酸,设备腐蚀严重。国外已淘汰,国内个别小厂仍在采用。甲醇羰基化法是以甲醇和一氧化碳为原料合成甲酸甲酯,该方法的缺点是需要使用无水甲醇和高纯度的一氧化碳气体,造成该方法甲酸甲酯的生产成本较高。甲醇直接脱氢法制备甲酸甲酯具有原料单一,设备投资低,环境友好且可副产氢气等优点。但是甲醇催化脱氢制备甲酸甲酯工艺中,甲醇转化率和甲酸甲酯的收率较低,研究开发新的催化剂,以期最大限度地提高甲酸甲酯单程收率仍是目前的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明旨在开发一种高活性和高选择性的催化剂,用于甲醇直接催化脱氢制备甲酸甲酯。
本发明所说的甲醇直接脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,反应在固定床反应器中、气相常压的条件下进行。
SiO2气凝胶材料具有规则的孔道结构和较大比表面积,并且分子筛表面呈中性,十分适合用作催化剂载体,本发明所用催化剂是Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂,其中催化剂载体为SiO2气凝胶,催化剂中Cu的负载范围按照Cu在整个催化剂中所占比例:5wt%-30wt%,ZnO的负载范围按照ZnO在整个催化剂中所占比例:10wt%-30wt%,Nd2O3的负载范围按照Nd2O3在整个催化剂中所占比例:1wt%-5wt%,Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2气凝胶多元催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、首先,采用三水硝酸铜作为铜源,六水硝酸锌为锌源,六水硝酸钕为钕源,称取三水硝酸铜,六水硝酸锌,六水硝酸钕溶解于烧杯中,转入到三口烧瓶中,加去离子水,在65℃恒温水浴锅中快速搅拌,使其分散均匀;通过调节氨水溶液的加入量使得烧瓶中的反应混合物的pH值稳定在7.0,继续搅拌2h,加入催化剂载体,快速搅拌2h,制成负载型多组分金属混合物,然后经过滤、洗涤,洗涤后样品在120℃下干燥过夜,450℃焙烧4h,将样品压片,筛分成20-40目的颗粒,制成催化剂母体。
步骤2、将催化剂母体在氮气与氢气的混合气中进行还原活化预处理,在0.1MPa压力下,以2℃/min程序升温至240℃,此段过程混合气中H2体积分数为10%;再以1.0℃/min程序升温至300℃,此过程中H2体积分数调节为30%,在300℃恒温还原6h,制成Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3含量分别为5wt%-30wt%,10wt%-30wt%,1wt%-5wt%的Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2催化剂。
步骤3、将甲醇经过汽化后进入装载有步骤(2)中所述还原后的催化剂的固定床反应器(长20cm,内径0.5cm)中进行气相催化脱氢反应,其中催化剂装填量为5g,进样流速8mL/h,反应在常压下进行,反应温度220-300℃,在给定温度下连续取样lh,用乙醇循环冷凝装置冷凝收集产物。
本发明的显著特征是所采用的SiO2气凝胶多元催化剂制备工艺简单,在反应过程中具有良好的催化活性和稳定性;例如,使用本发明的催化剂,在液相空速为0.5h-1,常压,300℃反应条件下,甲醇的单程转化率高达71.4%,甲酸甲酯的选择性达到62.1%。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施实例对本发明做进一步说明
实施例1
催化剂的制备:
制备Cu(10)-ZnO(10)-Nd2O3(1)/SiO2催化剂,其中Cu的负载量10wt%,ZnO的负载量10wt%,Nd2O3的负载量为1wt%。准确称取3.8017g Cu(NO3)2·3H2O,3.6556g Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,0.2606g Nd(NO3)3·6H2O于烧杯中,溶解后,倒入1000ml的三口烧瓶中,加去离子水稀释至400ml,水浴温度65℃下,在剧烈的搅拌下,逐滴加入1mol/L的氨水溶液将pH调至7.0,继续搅拌2h后,加入载体SiO2气凝胶材料7.9g,再快速搅拌2h;然后经过滤、洗涤,洗涤后样品在120℃下干燥过夜,450℃焙烧4h,将样品压片,筛分成20-40目的颗粒,制成催化剂母体。
催化剂的活化预处理:
采用固定床反应器,催化剂装填量5g催化剂,原料乙醇经气化后进入不锈钢管状反应器(长20cm,内径0.5cm)反应;在活性测试前,催化剂先用H2-N2(10:90,V/V,250ml/min)混合气进行还原活化,在0.1MPa压力下,以2℃/min程序升温至240℃,此段过程混合气中H2体积分数为10%;再以1.0℃/min程序升温至300℃,此过程中H2体积分数逐渐调节为30%,在300℃恒温还原6h。
甲醇气相脱氢制备甲酸甲酯:
常压下将甲醇以8ml/h的速率输送到上述固定床反应器的汽化室中,在220℃汽化后进入反应器反应,考察反应温度分别为220,240,260,280,300℃,在给定的温度下连续取样l h,用乙醇循环冷凝装置冷凝收集产物凝收集产物,冷凝的产物和尾气分别用两台气相色谱仪(分别装备FID和TCD检测器)进行分析,尾气流量用皂沫流量计进行标定,测试的结果经过计算列于表1。
根据表1,当反应温度为220℃时,甲醇的转化率为15.8%,甲酸甲酯的选择性为93.2%。当反应温度升至300℃时,甲醇的转化率提高至71.4%,甲酸甲酯的选择性降至62.1%。结果表明,反应温度对Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂催化甲醇制备甲酸甲酯有重要影响。
表1.Cu(10)-ZnO(10)-Nd2O3(1)/SiO2气凝胶催化甲醇转化率和反应产物选择
实施例2
同实施例1,但改变催化剂中Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量,使Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量分别为5wt%,0wt%,0wt%,所得结果见表2。
如表2所示,选用Cu(5)-ZnO(0)-Nd2O3(0)/SiO2为催化剂,当反应温度为220℃时,甲醇的转化率仅为5.6%。当反应温度升至300℃时,甲醇的转化率提高至36.9%。对比实施例1,结果表明,催化剂中ZnO和Nd2O3的存在,有利于甲醇的转化,对Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂催化甲醇制备甲酸甲酯有重要影响。
表2.Cu(5)-ZnO(0)-Nd2O3(0)/SiO2气凝胶催化甲醇转化率和反应产物选择
实施例3
同实施例1,但改变催化剂中Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量,使Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量分别为10wt%,20wt%,1wt%,所得结果见表3。
如表3所示,选用Cu(10)-ZnO(20)-Nd2O3(1)/SiO2为催化剂,当反应温度为220℃时,甲醇的转化率为8.6%。当反应温度升至300℃时,甲醇的转化率提高至53.1%。对比实施例1,结果表明,催化剂中ZnO的含量和反应温度对Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂催化甲醇制备甲酸甲酯有重要影响。
表3.Cu(10)-ZnO(20)-Nd2O3(1)/SiO2气凝胶催化甲醇转化率和反应产物选择
实施例4
同实施例1,但改变催化剂中Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量,使Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3的负载量分别为30wt%,30wt%,5wt%,所得结果见表4。
如表4所示,选用Cu(30)-ZnO(30)-Nd2O3(5)/SiO2为催化剂,当反应温度为220℃时,甲醇的转化率为16.1%。当反应温度升至300℃时,甲醇的转化率提高至60.9%。对比实施例1、2、3,实验结果表明,催化剂中Cu、ZnO和Nd2O3的含量和反应温度对Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂催化甲醇制备甲酸甲酯有重要影响。
表4.Cu(30)-ZnO(30)-Nd2O3(5)/SiO2气凝胶催化甲醇转化率和反应产物选择
Claims (7)
1.一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,将甲醇经汽化后,在常压下进入装载有催化剂的固定床反应器进行气相反应制备出甲酸甲酯,其特征在于:所述催化剂为Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2多元催化剂,其以SiO2气凝胶作为催化剂载体,Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3负载在SiO2气凝胶上形成多元催化剂,催化剂中Cu的负载范围:10wt%,ZnO的负载范围:10wt%,Nd2O3的负载范围:1wt%;
所述多元催化剂Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2的制备方法如下:
步骤1、首先,采用三水硝酸铜作为铜源,六水硝酸锌为锌源,六水硝酸钕为钕源,称取三水硝酸铜,六水硝酸锌,六水硝酸钕溶解于烧杯中,转入到三口烧瓶中,加去离子水,在恒温水浴锅中快速搅拌使其分散均匀;通过调节氨水溶液的加入量使得烧瓶中的反应混合物的pH值稳定在7.0,继续搅拌,加入催化剂载体,快速搅拌,制成负载型多组分金属混合物,然后经过滤、洗涤,洗涤后样品干燥过夜,焙烧,将样品压片,筛分成颗粒,制成催化剂母体;
步骤2、将催化剂母体在氮气与氢气的混合气中进行还原活化预处理,制成Cu,ZnO,Nd2O3含量分别为10wt%, 10wt%,1wt%的Cu-ZnO-Nd2O3/SiO2催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于:所述固定床反应器为不锈钢管状反应器,长20 cm,内径0.5 cm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,所述将甲醇经汽化后,在常压下,进入装载有催化剂的固定床反应器进行气相反应制备出甲酸甲酯的具体步骤为:将甲醇经过220 ℃汽化后进入装载有多元催化剂的固定床反应器中进行气相催化脱氢反应,其中多元催化剂装填量为5g,进样流速8mL/h,反应在常压下进行,反应温度300℃,在给定温度下连续取样1h,用乙醇循环冷凝装置冷凝收集产物。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,恒温水浴锅的温度为65℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,继续搅拌的时间为2h;加入催化剂载体后快速搅拌的时间为2h。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,干燥温度为120℃;焙烧温度为450℃,时间为4h;筛分成颗粒的大小为20−40目。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种催化剂催化甲醇脱氢制备甲酸甲酯的方法,其特征在于,所述还原活化预处理的步骤为:在0.1MPa压力下,以2℃/min程序升温至240℃,此段过程混合气中H2体积分数为10%;再以1.0℃/min程序升温至300℃,此过程中H2体积分数调节为30%,在300℃恒温还原6h。
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以Cu-ZnO/SiO2作催化剂在甲醇脱氢制甲酸甲酯反应中ZnO的助催化作用;孙晓宇等;《复旦学报(自然科学版)》;19950430;第34卷(第2期);214页,第1.1.1节催化剂的制备,第215-216页,2.1催化剂活性考察,图1,第216页,图2 * |
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