CN107501260B - 一种Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax以及中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax以及中间体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107501260B CN107501260B CN201710692676.5A CN201710692676A CN107501260B CN 107501260 B CN107501260 B CN 107501260B CN 201710692676 A CN201710692676 A CN 201710692676A CN 107501260 B CN107501260 B CN 107501260B
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- piperazine
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- LQBVNQSMGBZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N venetoclax Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C=1CC(C)(C)CCC=1CN(CC1)CCN1C(C=C1OC=2C=C3C=CNC3=NC=2)=CC=C1C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1NCC1CCOCC1 LQBVNQSMGBZMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229960001183 venetoclax Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000012664 BCL-2-inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229940123711 Bcl2 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-{5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl}-3-methylisoxazole Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1Cl FCSKOFQQCWLGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n',n'-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical class CN(C)CCN DILRJUIACXKSQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备Bcl‑2抑制剂venetoclax所需中间体的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示,具体包括如下步骤:以化合物I2,4‑二氟苯甲酸为原料,经羟化和甲酯化反应制得化合物II 4‑氟水杨酸甲酯,化合物II与哌嗪偶联制得化合物III,化合物III与原料IV反应制得化合物V,化合物V与化合物VI 5‑溴‑7‑氮杂吲哚通过C‑O偶联制得化合物VII,即为中间体。本发明制备方法反应条件温和、操作简便、环保高效且成本低廉,易于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种Bc1-2抑制剂venetoclax以及中间体的新型合成方法。
背景技术
Venetoclax是艾伯维和罗氏公司合作研发的一种B-细胞淋巴瘤-2基因(B-ce111ymphoma-2,简称Bcl-2)抑制剂,在其I期临床试验(NCT01328626)中,对于入组的84例复发型/难治型CLL/SLL患者,venetoclax对CLL/SLL的应答率为79%(完全应答率为22%),中位持续应答时间为20.5个月;对于44例复发型/难治型非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,venetoclax的应答率为48%(完全应答率为7.5%)。后续研究证实,venetoclax的疗效与obinutuzumab、idelalisib、ibrutinib等抗肿瘤药物相当,并获得FDA的突破性药物认证。2016年6月,venetoclax被FDA批准上市,用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤,弥漫性大B-细胞淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤等疾病,是第一个应用于临床的Bcl-2抑制剂。
Venetoclax的化合物名称为2-[(7-氮杂吲哚)氧]-4-{4-{[4’-氯-5,5-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-[1,1’-联苯]-2-基]甲基}哌嗪-1-基}-N-{[3-硝基-4-{[(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)甲基]氨基}苯}磺酰基}苯甲酰胺,CAS号为1257044-40-8,结构如下所示:
专利WO2012058392(CN103167867)、WO2012071336、WO2010138588(CN201080023068)、US2014275540、CN201410582048等报道了venetoclax的制备方法,总结下来,其主要是通过思路1和思路2,把venetoclax分解成各个不同的片段,然后通过各片段间的组合拼接,制取目标产物。
思路1(结构分段示意及合成路线如下所示):首先,通过适当的制备方法得到片段1、片段2和片段4。其次,片段1与片段2偶联,所得产物经水解后得到片段3,再与片段4缩合,得到目标产物。
思路2(结构分段示意及合成路线如下所示):该思路中,片段1和片段4的制备方法同思路1,在制取片段1后,使之与中间体5偶联,再水解后制取片段5,片段5与中间体6偶联,得到的产物随之水解,得到片段3,最后,片段3与片段4偶联,得到目标产物。
在目前报道的所有关于venetoclax的合成路线中,都需要经历以5-溴-7-氮杂吲哚(2)为原料,经羟基化生成5-羟基-7-氮杂吲哚(3),再与2,4-二氟水杨酸甲酯偶联,制备片段1的过程。在片段1的制备过程中,从原料2向中间体3的制备过程较为复杂,导致整个合成路线成本较高(中间体3的制备成本占据了片段1总制备成本的90%)。另外,由于原料2,4-二氟水杨酸甲酯结构中含有两个氟原子,且反应选择性差,导致片段1的产率低,且纯化难度较大,是造成合成路线成本高的另一个原因。因此,现有的合成路线均存在着弊端,亟待研究新的合成路线。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有合成路线的缺陷,提供一种Bc1-2抑制剂venetoclax以及中间体的新型制备方法,该制备方法反应条件温和、操作简便、环保高效且成本低廉,易于大规模生产。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种制备Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax所需中间体的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示,具体包括如下步骤:
以化合物I 2,4-二氟苯甲酸为原料,经羟化和甲酯化反应制得化合物II 4-氟水杨酸甲酯,化合物II与哌嗪偶联制得化合物III,化合物III与原料IV反应制得化合物V,化合物V与化合物VI 5-溴-7-氮杂吲哚通过C-O偶联制得化合物VII,即为中间体。其中,原料VI可直接购买普通市售产品即可。
具体的,化合物II与哌嗪偶联反应制备化合物III所需的反应温度范围为10-60℃,反应时间为3-8h,化合物II与哌嗪的投料比为1:2.0-3.0;或化合物II与哌嗪的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5,同时用缚酸剂替代哌嗪加入至缚酸剂与哌嗪两者的摩尔之和为化合物II的2-3倍;所述缚酸剂包括有机碱和无机碱,有机碱如:三乙胺或N,N-二异丙基乙胺等;无机碱如:Na2CO3,K2CO3,Cs2CO3、NaOH或KOH等。
具体的,化合物III与原料IV反应时,在试剂三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠或硼氢化钠存在的条件下于10-60℃还原胺化反应3-12h制备获得化合物V,化合物III与原料IV的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5。具体的,化合物V与化合物VI在有机溶剂、催化剂、配体及碱存在条件下,于80-120℃偶联反应5-24h制得化合物VII,其中,化合物V与化合物VI的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5;所述催化剂包括含铜氧化物或复合物,具体为Cu、CuO、Cu2O、CuI、CuI2、CuBr、CuBr2、CuCl、CuCl2或Cu(OTf)2;所述配体为1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,2-二氨基乙烷、N1,N1,N2,N2-四甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N1,N2-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N1,N2-二乙基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N,N-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、3,4,7,8-四甲基-1,10-菲罗啉、2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲罗啉、4,7-二甲氧基-1,10-菲罗啉、1,10-菲罗啉、丙二酸二叔丁酯、1,2-环己二醇、乙二醇、R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚、1,1'-联二萘胺、N、N’-二甲基联二萘胺、N、N’-二苄基联二萘胺、2-丙酰基环己酮、2-乙酰基环己酮、2-异丁酰基环己酮、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺、N-羟基马来酰亚胺、2-环己酮甲酸乙酯、N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、8-羟基喹啉、肌氨酸、脯氨酸或吡咯-2-羧酸等;所述碱为K2CO3、Na2CO3、NaOH、KOH、Cs2CO3或K3PO4。所述有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等。
利用上述中间体制备Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax的方法,其合成路线如下所示,具体包括如下步骤:化合物VII水解后获得化合物VIII,化合物VIII与原料IX缩合反应获得目标产物venetoclax;
本发明方法中,venetoclax的结构分段示意及合成路线如下所示。此路线以2,4-二氟苯甲酸(化合物I)为原料,经羟化、甲酯化得到2-羟基-4-氟水杨酸甲酯(化合物II)(K.U.Tabuchi,etal.Journal of Fluorine Chemistry.2003,97–99),化合物II与哌嗪偶联得到化合物III,化合物III与原料IV缩合、还原制得到化合物V,化合物V与原料VI偶联制得化合物VII,化合物VII经水解、再与化合物IX缩合,即得到目标产物venetoclax。
本发明所示的venetoclax的结构分段示意
本发明所示的venetoclax的合成路线。
和现有技术相比,本发明方法具有以下优点:
1)原料廉价易得,反应操作简单,各个中间体化合物纯化简单,有利于提高终产品的质量;
2)规避了5-羟基-7-氮杂吲哚(化合物3)这一昂贵的中间体及其复杂的制备过程,既节省了原材料成本,又简化了制备工艺;
3)选择性的在2,4-二氟苯甲酸的2-位引入羟基,避开了目前报道的合成路线中因使用2,4-二氟苯甲酸甲酯(化合物4)而造成的反应选择性差、收率低、纯化困难等不利因素,大大降低了合成成本。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例一:4-氟水杨酸甲酯(化合物II)的制备
4-氟水杨酸甲酯(II)的制备包括两步。
第一步:4-氟水杨酸的制备
将二甲基亚砜(DMSO,4L)加入到干燥的10L四口瓶中,于搅拌下加入2,4-二氟苯甲酸(500g,3.16mol)和NaOH(253g,6.32mol),并升温至130℃,反应约8h,TLC检测,待反应完全,反应体系降至室温,将反应液缓缓倒入40L冰水中,用浓盐酸调pH至2~3(调pH过程中温度不高于20℃),有大量固体析出,继续搅拌2h后抽滤,滤饼用适量水洗涤,得白色固体,60℃减压干燥12h,得4-氟水杨酸450g,收率90%。mp 184.9~185.2℃。
第二步:4-F-水杨酸甲酯的制备
将甲醇(4L)加入干燥的10L四口瓶中,搅拌下加入4-氟水杨酸(500g,3.20mol),然后缓缓加入SOCl2(761g,6.40mol),反应过程中控温,使之不超过60℃,加毕,保温反应约5h,TLC检测,待反应完毕,减压浓缩至反应液体积为1.5L,降温至-5-0℃,搅拌析晶2h后抽滤,滤饼用适量冰甲醇洗涤直至中性,得到白色固体,30℃减压干燥12h,得到4-氟水杨酸甲酯432g,收率74.9%。mp 39.4~40.2℃。
实施例二:化合物III的制备
将DMSO(5L)加入干燥的10L四口瓶中,搅拌下加入化合物II(400g,2.35mol),缓缓加入哌嗪(607g,7.05mol),室温反应5h,TLC检测,待反应完毕,将反应液缓缓倒入40L冰水中,并用乙酸乙酯(20L×3)萃取,合并乙酸乙酯,有机相用饱和食盐水(10L×3)洗涤三次,干燥、减压浓缩,得到化合物III 500g,粗收率90%。不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
实施例三:化合物V的制备
将二氯甲烷(7L)加入10L四口瓶中,搅拌下加入化合物III(500g,2.11mol)和原料IV(577g,2.32mol),并缓缓加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(352g,1.67mol),控温不高于30℃,加毕,室温反应5h,TLC监测,待反应完毕,加入饱和食盐水(1.5L×2)洗涤两次,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,抽滤,减压浓缩,浓缩物溶于乙酸乙酯(1L)中,并加热至50℃溶解,再缓缓滴加正己烷(5L),有固体逐渐析出,保温10~15℃搅拌2h,抽滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯与正己烷(体积比1:3)的混合溶剂(0.5L)洗涤,50℃鼓风干燥,得类白色固体794g,收率80%。mp 136.1~137.3℃。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ10.83(s,1H),7.63(d,J=7.28-7.25(m,2H),6.98-6.95(m,2H),6.36-6.28(m,2H),3.87 9.0Hz,1H),(s,3H),3.21-3.35(m,4H),2.77-2.90(m,2H),2.20-2.40(m,6H),2.01(s,2H),1.49-1.44(m,2H),0.98(s,6H).HRMS(ESI):m/z calcd for(C27H33ClN2O3+H)+:469.2252;found:469.2277。
实施例四:化合物VII的制备(方法一)
将DMSO(5L)加入干燥的10L四口瓶中,搅拌下加入化合物V(469g,1.00mol)、原料VI(216.7g,1.10mol)和Cs2CO3(488g,1.5mol),体系抽真空并用氮气置换三次,氮气氛围下加入CuI(1.9g,0.01mol)和丙二酸二叔丁酯(216.2g,1.00mol),慢慢升温至120℃,反应12h,HPLC检测,待化合物V的量小于5%,停止反应,体系降至室温,并慢慢倒入20L冰水中,用乙酸乙酯(15L×3次)洗涤水层,合并乙酸乙酯,用5%的氨水(10L×1)洗涤,再用饱和食盐水(10L×3)洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥、抽滤,滤液减压浓缩至体积约2L时加入环己烷(10L)搅拌析晶,并慢慢降温至5℃,搅拌不少于3h,抽滤,滤饼用混合溶剂(乙酸乙酯:环己烷=1:5,500mL)洗涤,滤饼于60℃鼓风干燥8h,得到类白色固体483g,收率75%,mp154.3~155.1℃。1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):11.62(s,1H),8.00–7.98(m,1H),7.74(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.49-7.41(m,2H),7.36–7.33(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.06–7.03(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.76–6.71(m,1H),6.38–6.35(m,2H),3.65(s,3H),3.20-3.05(m,4H),2.80–2.70(m,2H),2.30–2.10(m,6H),2.00-1.90(m,2H),1.45–1.35(m,2H),0.93(s,6H)。HRMS(ESI):m/zcalcd for(C34H37ClN4O3+H)+:585.2627;found:585.2641。
实施例五:化合物VII的制备(方法二)
将DMF(5L)加入干燥的10L四口瓶中,搅拌下加入化合物V(469g,1.00mol)、原料VI(216.7g,1.10mol)和K3PO4(424.5g,2.00mol),体系抽真空氮气置换三次,氮气氛围下加入Cu(OTf)2(361mg,0.1mol)和1,1'-联二萘胺(28.4g,0.1mol),慢慢升温至120℃反应12h,HPLC检测化合物V小于5%,停止反应,降温至室温,体系慢慢倒入20L冰水中,用乙酸乙酯(15L×3)洗涤水层,合并乙酸乙酯层,用5%的氨水(10L×3)洗涤,再用饱和食盐水(10L×3)洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥、抽滤,滤液减压浓缩至体积约2L时加入环己烷(10L)搅拌析晶,慢慢降温至5℃并搅拌不少于3小时,抽滤,滤饼用混合溶剂(乙酸乙酯:环己烷=1:5,500mL)洗涤,滤饼于60℃鼓风干燥8h,得类白色固体451g,收率70%。
实施例六:Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax的制备
具体为:将化合物VII水解后获得化合物VIII,化合物VIII与原料IX缩合反应获得目标产物venetoclax;化合物VIII、原料IX及终产物venetoclax的制备可参考专利WO2012058392(CN103167867)、WO2012071336、WO2010138588(CN201080023068)、US2014275540、CN201410582048等报道的方法,此为本领域公知常识,故不再赘述。
Claims (2)
1.一种制备Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax所需中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,其合成路线如下所示,具体包括如下步骤:
以化合物I 2, 4-二氟苯甲酸为原料,经羟化和甲酯化反应制得化合物II 4-氟水杨酸甲酯,化合物II与哌嗪偶联制得化合物III,化合物III与原料IV反应制得化合物V,化合物V与化合物VI 5-溴-7-氮杂吲哚通过C-O偶联制得化合物VII,即为中间体;
化合物II与哌嗪偶联反应制备化合物III所需的反应温度范围为10-60℃,反应时间为3-8h,化合物II与哌嗪的投料比为1:2.0-3.0;或化合物II与哌嗪的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5,同时用缚酸剂替代哌嗪加入至缚酸剂与哌嗪两者的摩尔之和为化合物II的2-3倍;所述缚酸剂为三乙胺、N, N-二异丙基乙胺、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、NaOH或KOH;
化合物III与原料IV反应时,在试剂三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠或硼氢化钠存在的条件下于10-60℃反应3-12h制备获得化合物V,化合物III与原料IV的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5;
化合物V与化合物VI在有机溶剂、催化剂、配体及碱存在条件下,于80-120℃偶联反应5-24h制得化合物VII,其中,化合物V与化合物VI的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.5;所述催化剂为Cu、CuO、Cu2O、CuI、CuI2、CuBr、CuBr2、CuCl、CuCl2或Cu(OTf)2;所述配体为1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,2-二氨基乙烷、N1, N1, N2, N2-四甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N1, N2-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N1, N2-二乙基乙烷-1,2-二胺、N, N-二甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺、3,4,7,8-四甲基-1,10-菲罗啉、2, 9-二甲基-1,10-菲罗啉、4, 7-二甲氧基-1,10-菲罗啉、1,10-菲罗啉、丙二酸二叔丁酯、1,2-环己二醇、乙二醇、R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚、1,1'-联二萘胺、N、N’-二甲基联二萘胺、N、N’-二苄基联二萘胺、2-丙酰基环己酮、2-乙酰基环己酮、2-异丁酰基环己酮、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺、N-羟基马来酰亚胺、2-环己酮甲酸乙酯、N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、8-羟基喹啉、肌氨酸、脯氨酸或吡咯-2-羧酸。
2.如权利要求1所述制备Bcl-2抑制剂venetoclax所需中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱为K2CO3、Na2CO3、NaOH、KOH、Cs2CO3或K3PO4。
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