CN107486195A - 低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107486195A CN107486195A CN201610412871.3A CN201610412871A CN107486195A CN 107486195 A CN107486195 A CN 107486195A CN 201610412871 A CN201610412871 A CN 201610412871A CN 107486195 A CN107486195 A CN 107486195A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- dehydrogenation
- low
- preparation
- carbon paraffin
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dichromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
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- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkanes alkene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003158 γ-Al2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
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- C07C2523/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36
- C07C2523/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,将高价铬前驱物溶于还原剂溶液里,浸渍到氧化铝基载体中,在反应温度为30~200℃,反应时间为0.5~20h的条件下反应,然后洗涤、过滤、干燥后,浸渍助剂,再经干燥、焙烧后得到低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂。本发明的优点是Cr团簇可控,通过原位还原的方法获得适中Cr分散度的催化剂,降低了催化剂表面B酸酸量,提高了活性原子Cr的利用效率,催化剂的脱氢活性、选择性、抗积碳性能提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,特别是一种丙烷脱氢制丙烯和丁烷脱氢制丁烯的催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着全球石油化工行业的快速发展,对低碳烯烃的需求也日益增长。低碳烷烃脱氢技术是增产C3~C4烯烃的有效途径。
低碳烷烃催化脱氢反应受热力学平衡的限制,须在高温、低压的苛刻条件下进行。过高的温度,使烷烃裂解反应及深度脱氢加剧,选择性下降;同时加快催化剂表面积碳,使催化剂迅速失活。
目前,国外企业已经开发出多套丁烷催化脱氢制丁烯工业化技术,配套的脱氢催化剂分别是Pt/Al2O3系催化剂和氧化铬/氧化铝(Cr2O3/Al2O3)系催化剂。
传统的氧化铬/氧化铝催化剂一般采用浸渍法制备,CN86104031A公开了一种制备C3~C5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的方法,该方法将具有微球形状的氧化铝进行两次焙烧,将焙烧后的产品用含铬和钾化合物的溶液浸渍并干燥,然后将所得产品用含硅的化合物溶液浸渍,最后进行干燥和焙烧。异丁烷脱氢转化率为53%,选择性为88%,丙烷脱氢转化率为46%,选择性为82%。CN1213662A制备了一种流化床用微球催化剂,该催化体系铬含量6%~30%,K2O含量0.4%~3%,氧化硅含量0.08%~3%,锡含量为0.1%~3.5%,用氧化铝补足到100%。
CN1185994A公开了一种用于异丁烷催化脱氢制异丁烯的催化剂,用共沉淀法和混浆法制备的催化剂表示式为AaBbCcDdOx,用浸渍法制备的负载型催化剂的表示式:AaBbCc/载体,元素A为Cr,元素B为Cu和La,元素C为K,元素D为Al,负载催化剂的载体为γ-Al2O3。在异丁烷空速400h-1时,异丁烷转化率不大于60%,选择性93%左右。
US2010/0312035公开了一种脱氢催化剂,催化剂组成为氧化铬、氧化锂、氧化钠、氧化铝以及碱土金属氧化物。CN104010725A通过喷雾干燥三羟铝石粉末、在三羟铝石浆中利用酸来沉淀二氧化硅、或者利用硅酸钠溶液来浸渍三羟铝石或与之共挤出而制备的二氧化硅稳定的氧化铝粉末被发现为较好的催化剂载体前体,用这些包含二氧化硅的载体材料制备的催化剂具有更高的水热稳定性。
CN103447065A涉及一种丁烷脱氢催化剂及制备方法。丁烷脱氢催化剂由下列物质按重量百分比组成:三氧化二铬:12~20,氧化钾:1~2,五氧化二钒:1~2,二氧化硅:1~2,分子筛:补足到100。工艺步骤包括:⑴浸渍,将分子筛用含铬、钾、及钒化合物的溶液进行浸渍,产品进行干燥;⑵晶格固定,将步骤⑴干燥后的产品再用硅化合物溶液进行活性组分晶格固定;⑶产品焙烧,将步骤⑵干燥后的产品以一定的加温速度加热焙烧,直至达到600℃,并保温1h;有益效果是:防止催化剂在使用过程中活性相的损毁及流失,提高了催化剂机械强度及长期运行稳定性。
CN101940922公开了一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以含铬氧化铝为载体,其中氧化铬在载体中的重量含量为2.0%~15%,活性金属组分铬引入氧化铝载体中的方法是部分采用混捏法,部分采用浸渍法,并采用三步焙烧法和水热法处理混入铬的拟薄水铝石,这样能改善载体的孔结构和表面性质,并进一步调变活性金属铬在载体中的含量、分布及金属活性与氧化铝间的相互作用,不但提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性,而且增强了催化剂的抗积碳能力,延长催化剂的使用寿命。
CN103769078A公开了一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以Al2O3为载体,以铬为活性组分,以碱金属为助催化组分,按最终催化剂的重量为基准,氧化铬的含量为10%~30%,碱金属氧化物含量为0.5%~3.0%,余量为氧化铝,所述的活性组分铬在浸渍碱金属助催化组分前和浸渍碱金属助催化组分后分步浸渍到氧化铝载体上。上述低碳烷烃脱氢制烯烃催化剂在丙烷脱氢制丙烯中应用,具有高的活性稳定性及丙烯选择性,并且制备方法简单,适于工业应用。
CN103769079A公开了一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂以La氧化铝为载体,以铬为活性组分,以氧化物的重量含量计,最终催化剂中氧化镧含量为0.1~5.0,氧化铬含量为5~20,含La氧化铝载体中的La通过在氧化铝制备过程中成胶时引入。所述低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:含La氧化铝载体的制备及含La的氧化铝采用浸渍法负载活性组分铬过程。所述的脱氢催化剂在丙烷脱氢制丙烯中应用,该催化剂不含有碱性氧化物,避免了碱性氧化物与活性组分间的强相互作用,提高了脱氢催化剂的活性、稳定性及丙烯的选择性。
以上催化剂制备方法常采取浸渍法,活性组分铬的分散状态很难调控,过高的分散度会造成催化剂的稳定性差;过低的分散度可导致催化剂的活性差。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,通过原位反应调整Cr物种在载体上的分散状态,使催化剂的活性、选择性以及稳定性相应得到提高。
本发明提供一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,将高价铬前驱物溶于还原剂溶液里,浸渍到氧化铝基载体中,在反应温度为30~200℃,反应时间为0.5~20h的条件下反应,然后洗涤、过滤、干燥后,浸渍助剂,再经干燥、焙烧后得到低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述高价铬前驱物优选为CrO3、(NH4)2Cr2O7、Na2Cr2O7、K2Cr2O7、(NH4)2CrO4、Na2CrO4和K2CrO4中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述还原剂溶液优选为乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的水溶液。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述还原剂溶液为葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的水溶液时,葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的质量浓度优选为1wt.%~60wt.%,更优选为3wt.%~30wt.%。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述氧化铝基载体优选为氧化铝载体或含有耐熔无机氧化物的氧化铝载体;所述耐熔无机氧化物优选为氧化硅、氧化锆和氧化钛中的一种或几种;所述耐熔无机氧化物在氧化铝基载体中的含量优选为5wt.%以下。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述还原剂与高价铬前驱物的摩尔比优选为0.1~10:1,更优选为0.5~5:1。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述助剂优选为Na、K、Ca、Sr、La、Sn、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe和Zn中的一种或几种的硝酸盐或乙酸盐。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述干燥、焙烧是在空气气氛下进行,所述干燥优选是在60~150℃下干燥1~8h;所述焙烧优选是在600~750℃下焙烧1~20h。
本发明所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其中,所述反应温度优选为60~140℃,反应时间优选为0.5~3h。
本发明的优点是Cr团簇可控,通过原位还原的方法获得适中Cr分散度的催化剂,降低了催化剂表面B酸酸量,提高了活性原子Cr的利用效率,催化剂的脱氢活性、选择性、抗积碳性能提高。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:将高价铬的前驱物溶于还原剂溶液里,浸渍到氧化铝基载体中,在温度为30~200℃,优选为60~140℃条件下,反应0.5~20h,优选为0.5~3h,然后洗涤、过滤、干燥后,浸渍功能助剂,再经干燥、焙烧后得到催化剂。催化剂中Cr2O3的含量为3wt.%~20wt.%,助剂含量为0.5wt.%~6wt.%。
所述的高价铬的前驱物为CrO3、(NH4)2Cr2O7、Na2Cr2O7、K2Cr2O7、(NH4)2CrO4、Na2CrO4、K2CrO4的一种或多种。
所述的还原剂溶液为能够使高价铬还原为正三价铬的试剂,选自乙二醇、丙三醇,或者含有葡萄糖、草酸、抗坏血酸组分的水溶液。所述的还原剂溶液优选为乙二醇与葡萄糖水溶液。本发明中对所述的含有葡萄糖、草酸、抗坏血酸组分的水溶液的质量浓度不作特殊限定,其浓度只要能够使高价铬的前驱物溶解即可,其质量浓度一般为1wt.%~60wt.%,优选为3wt.%~30wt.%。
所述的氧化铝基载体是指氧化铝载体或含少量其他耐熔无机氧化物的氧化铝为载体,其他耐熔无机氧化物一般为氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化钛的一种或多种,在氧化铝基载体中的含量在5wt.%以下。
所述还原剂与高价铬的摩尔比0.1~10:1,优选0.5~5:1。
所述的助剂为Na、K、Ca、Sr、La、Sn、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Zn的一种或多种的硝酸盐、乙酸盐,优选为K和Cu的硝酸盐或乙酸盐。
所述的催化剂干燥、焙烧是在空气气氛下进行,所述的干燥是在60~150℃下干燥1~8h;所述的焙烧是在600~750℃下焙烧1~20h。
采用本发明方法所制得的催化剂性质如下:比表面积80~200m2·g-1,孔容0.2~0.6cm3·g-1,平均孔直径4~15nm。
所述催化剂用于C3~C6烷烃组分的催化脱氢。
高价铬与还原剂反应生成Cr2O3,通过孔道的限域作用与反应条件的调控,Cr2O3直接生成亚纳米的团簇然后附着在孔壁上,在此过程中团簇大小均一且可以调控。相对于浸渍法、沉淀法等方法,这种原位反应的方法可以得到不同分散度的Cr2O3基催化剂。高度分散的Cr表面含有较多的Cr-OH,对应较多的B酸中心,在低碳烷烃脱氢反应中,容易导致深度裂解反应诱使催化剂快速积碳而失活,催化剂的选择性较差,失活速度较快;在低分散度情况下,Cr原子聚集成大颗粒的Cr2O3,由于低碳烷烃脱氢反应是表面催化反应,颗粒内部的Cr原子被完全包裹导致原子利用效率变低,同时,大颗粒的Cr2O3容易诱导裂解等副反应发生,相对应具有较低的催化活性与选择性。本发明通过有效的调控Cr物种在载体上的分散状态,催化剂的活性、选择性以及稳定性相应得到提高。
实施例1
2.23g(NH4)2Cr2O7溶于8ml乙二醇中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。该粉末放置到120℃烘箱中处理4h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、80℃下干燥2h。0.37gKNO3溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,680℃焙烧5h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂A。
对比例1
7.08gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.37gKNO3溶于4ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,680℃焙烧5h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂B。
实施例2
1.77gCrO3、2.48g(NH4)2C2O4溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。粉末放置到60℃烘箱中处理6h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、100℃下干燥2h。0.78gCu(NO3)2·3H2O、1.12gFe(NO3)3·9H2O溶于7ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,120℃下干燥3h,700℃焙烧6h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂C。
对比例2
7.08gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.78gCu(NO3)2·3H2O、1.12gFe(NO3)3·9H2O溶于3.5ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,700℃焙烧6h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂D。
实施例3
1.30gK2Cr2O7溶于8ml丙三醇中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。粉末放置到140℃烘箱中处理1h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、80℃下干燥4h。0.33gNaNO3、0.82gNi(NO3)2·6H2O溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,60℃下干燥6h,720℃焙烧4h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂E。
对比例3
3.54gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.33gNaNO3、0.82gNi(NO3)2·6H2O溶于6.0ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,720℃焙烧4h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂F。
实施例4
2.30gNa2CrO4、0.39g葡萄糖溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。粉末放置到85℃烘箱中处理4h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、95℃下干燥3h。0.37gKNO3、0.32gLa(NO3)3·6H2O、1.14gFe(NO3)2·9H2O溶于7ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,70℃下干燥5h,690℃焙烧6h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂G。
对比例4
5.66gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.37gKNO3、0.32gLa(NO3)3·6H2O、1.14gFe(NO3)2·9H2O溶于4.8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,690℃焙烧6h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂H。
实施例5
3.77gK2CrO4、2.82g抗坏血酸溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。粉末放置到60℃烘箱中处理1h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、80℃下干燥4h。0.28gKNO3、0.65gCu(NO3)2·3H2O溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,60℃下干燥6h,720℃焙烧4h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂I。
对比例5
7.79gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.28gKNO3、0.65gCu(NO3)2·3H2O溶于3.0ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,720℃焙烧4h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂J。
实施例6
3.23g(NH4)2CrO4溶于8ml乙二醇中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。该粉末放置到150℃烘箱中处理0.5h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、80℃下干燥2h。0.28gKNO3、0.65gCu(NO3)2·3H2O溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,680℃焙烧8h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂K。
对比例6
3.23g(NH4)2CrO4、0.28gKNO3、0.65gCu(NO3)2·3H2O溶于7.6ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,680℃焙烧8h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂L。
取以上各实施例所制备的催化剂在微反装置上评价,丙烷催化脱氢评价条件为:体积空速1200h-1,反应温度610℃,反应压力为常压;异丁烷催化脱氢评价条件为:体积空速600h-1,反应温度590℃,反应压力为常压。
实施例7
1.66g(NH4)2Cr2O7、1.63gNa2CrO4、0.92g葡萄糖溶于8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中。该粉末放置到95℃烘箱中处理2h,用去离子水洗涤、过滤、60℃下干燥10h。0.16gCa(NO3)2·4H2O、0.11gSr(NO3)2、2.33gCo(NO3)2·6H2O溶于7ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到上述处理过的粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,750℃焙烧10h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂M。
对比例7
9.3gCr(NO3)3·9H2O、0.16gCa(NO3)2·4H2O、0.11gSr(NO3)2、2.33gCo(NO3)2·6H2O溶于3.8ml去离子水中,等体积浸渍到10g多孔γ-Al2O3粉末中,80℃下干燥4h,750℃焙烧10h,经过成型筛分得到催化剂记作催化剂N。
表1催化剂的活性评价
从表1催化剂评价结果可以看出,使用原位还原合成的催化剂(A、C、E、G、I、K、M)转化率、选择性及稳定性上优于对应的直接浸渍的催化剂(B、D、F、H、J、L、N)。通过改变制备过程中的反应条件、优化助剂,催化剂性能有进一步提高。丙烷脱氢起始收率>46%,异丁烷脱氢起始收率>62.2%。
Claims (11)
1.一种低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将高价铬前驱物溶于还原剂溶液里,浸渍到氧化铝基载体中,在反应温度为30~200℃,反应时间为0.5~20h的条件下反应,然后洗涤、过滤、干燥后,浸渍助剂,再经干燥、焙烧后得到低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高价铬前驱物为CrO3、(NH4)2Cr2O7、Na2Cr2O7、K2Cr2O7、(NH4)2CrO4、Na2CrO4和K2CrO4中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂溶液为乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的水溶液。
4.如权利要求3所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂溶液为葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的水溶液时,葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的质量浓度为1wt.%~60wt.%。
5.如权利要求4所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂溶液为葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的水溶液时,葡萄糖、草酸或抗坏血酸组分的质量浓度为3wt.%~30wt.%。
6.如权利要求1所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化铝基载体为氧化铝载体或含有耐熔无机氧化物的氧化铝载体;所述耐熔无机氧化物为氧化硅、氧化锆和氧化钛中的一种或几种;所述耐熔无机氧化物在氧化铝基载体中的含量为5wt.%以下。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂与高价铬前驱物的摩尔比为0.1~10:1。
8.如权利要求7所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂与高价铬前驱物的摩尔比为0.5~5:1。
9.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助剂为Na、K、Ca、Sr、La、Sn、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe和Zn中的一种或几种的硝酸盐或乙酸盐。
10.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干燥、焙烧是在空气气氛下进行,所述干燥是在60~150℃下干燥1~8h;所述焙烧是在600~750℃下焙烧1~20h。
11.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的低碳烷烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应温度为60~140℃,反应时间为0.5~3h。
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