CN107446350B - 一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法 - Google Patents
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及泡沫塑料技术领域,特别是涉及一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法,通过将氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料引入玻璃态凝胶,利用玻璃态凝胶的均匀多孔使氟聚合物、液晶聚合物形成均匀的孔径,进一步通过玻璃态凝胶完全溶解除脱,得到高精度孔径的塑料泡沫。该方法为特殊聚合物制备高精度孔径的泡沫孔提供了技术支撑。该方法设备投入小,反应能耗低,玻璃态凝胶可重复使用,适合于规模化推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及泡沫塑料领域,特别是涉及一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法。
背景技术
泡沫塑料是气体分散于固体聚合物中形成的聚集体,具有质轻、隔热、缓冲、绝缘、防腐、价格低廉等优点,因此在日用品、包装、工业、农业、交通运输业、军事工业、航天工业得到广泛应用。当前泡沫塑料主要品种有聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氨酯(PUR)。
泡沫塑料的稳定发泡是获得良好的泡沫体的关键。常规的直接添加发泡剂难以得到稳定均匀的泡孔。近些年,采用膨胀微球对控制发泡的稳定性和均匀性由了较大的推升。
热膨胀性微球包括热塑性树脂的外壳和包封在外壳中的发泡剂,其通常称作热膨胀性微囊。热塑性树脂通常包括偏二氯乙烯系共聚物、丙烯腈系共聚物和丙烯酸酯共聚物。主要采用的发泡剂包括烃,如异丁烷和异戊烷等。热膨胀发泡微球具有优异的发泡性能,优良的耐溶剂性、耐磨性、电绝缘性,良好的机械性能以及无毒无污染等优点,可用于涂料、纺织、塑料加工、粘合剂、密封圈、合成革、保温、轻量化材料等领域。在此类微球中,发泡剂通常是沸点温度不高于热塑性聚合物壳软化温度的液体。一旦加热,发泡剂蒸发而增加内压,与此同时 , 壳体软化,从而导致该微球显著的膨胀。
但具体制备膨胀微球时,悬浮聚合通过将包括发泡剂和聚合单体的可聚合化合物分散至不相容液体如水中而形成壳,壳以包裹内发泡剂的薄层形式形成。在悬浮聚合工艺中,使用高温高压聚合工艺,但这些制备方法存在以下缺点:设备投入大,反应能耗高,在高温条件下聚合放热易使低沸点烃类发泡剂沸腾汽化,不易制备性能稳定的发泡微球且操作安全性低,环保要求严,生产成本难以控制。
因此我们致力于需求新的控制塑料发泡稳定性的技术。一方面希望克服熔体强度下降不易发泡的缺陷,另一方面,使得发泡孔径均匀,使得泡沫塑料具有良好的压缩强度。
发明内容
针对目前泡沫塑料存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法,通过多孔结构泡沫提高其发泡效率以及泡沫的孔均匀度、压缩强度、延伸强度。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法,其特征是具体的制备步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
其中,制备过程所用的原料包括以下重量份的物质:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物34-45份、液晶聚合物32-43份、填料19-26份、发泡剂12-16份。
进一步地,所述液晶聚合物为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、 聚对苯酰胺、聚对苯撑苯并噻唑中的一种。
进一步地,所述填料为聚乙烯和聚丙烯按照重量份1:3混合组成。
进一步地,所述发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成。
进一步地,所述玻璃态凝胶为孔径20-30μm分布超过90%的二氧化硅气凝胶。
本发明一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的方法,通过将氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料引入玻璃态凝胶,利用玻璃态凝胶的均匀多孔使氟聚合物、液晶聚合物形成均匀的孔径,进一步通过玻璃态凝胶完全溶解除脱,得到高精度孔径的塑料泡沫。该方法为特殊聚合物制备高精度孔径的泡沫孔提供了技术支撑。
与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和优异的效果在于:
(1)由于原料中添加的熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物和液晶聚合物混合,具有很高的耐热性、化学腐蚀性、耐久性和耐候性。与原料中其他组分混合,提高发泡效率和发泡塑料的压缩、延伸强度。
(2)制备方法中采用的先将原料填充到玻璃态凝胶中,然后在进行冷却后成型固化,依次成型效率高,操作便捷,可在实际的使用中被进一步推广。
(3)该方法设备投入小,反应能耗低,玻璃态凝胶可重复使用,适合于规模化推广。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物40份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺38份、填料23份、发泡剂15份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
所述玻璃态凝胶为孔径20-30μm分布超过90%的二氧化硅气凝胶
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
实施例2
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物34份、聚对苯酰胺5份、填料19份、发泡剂12份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
填料为聚乙烯和聚丙烯按照重量份1:3混合组成。发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成。
所述玻璃态凝胶为孔径20-30μm分布超过90%的二氧化硅气凝胶。
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
实施例3
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物35份、聚对苯撑苯并噻唑43份、填料20份、发泡剂16份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
填料为聚乙烯和聚丙烯按照重量份1:3混合组成。发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成。
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
实施例4
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物37份、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺42份、填料21份、发泡剂12份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成。
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
实施例5
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物38份、液晶聚合物41份、填料22份、发泡剂16份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。
发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成。所述玻璃态凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶。
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
实施例6
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物39份、 聚对苯酰胺40份、填料24份、发泡剂14份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫。所述玻璃态凝胶为孔径20-30μm分布超过90%的二氧化硅气凝胶。
将实施例得到的精准孔径塑料泡沫进行性能测试,其压缩强度、孔径均匀性均优于膨胀微球发泡的泡沫塑料。如表1所示。
对比例1
一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫,包括以下重量份的原料:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物39份、 聚对苯酰胺40份、填料24份、膨胀微球发泡剂14份。
用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫的制备方法,操作步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入模具,并使其完全填充;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;得到径塑料泡沫。
将得到的塑料泡沫进行性能测试,如表1所示。
表1:
样品 | 压缩强度(MPa) | 延伸强度(MPa) | 90%孔径分布 | 密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>) |
实施例1 | 1.41 | 1.03 | 50-100μm | 11.17 |
实施例2 | 1.39 | 1.07 | 35-80μm | 11.25 |
实施例3 | 1.41 | 1.01 | 50-120μm | 11.89 |
实施例4 | 1.43 | 1.10 | 45-95μm | 11.79 |
实施例5 | 1.39 | 1.09 | 60-120μm | 11.76 |
实施例6 | 1.41 | 1.02 | 70-120μm | 11.91 |
对比例1 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 12-450μm | 33.91 |
由上表可得出结论,本发明提供的用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准尺寸的塑料泡沫及制备方法,(1)由于原料中添加的熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物和液晶聚合物混合,具有很高的耐热性、化学腐蚀性、耐久性和耐候性。与原料中其他组分混合,提高发泡效率和发泡塑料的压缩、延伸强度和优异的孔径分布。
(2)制备方法中采用的先将原料填充到模板中,然后在进行冷却后成型固化,依次成型效率高,操作便捷,可在实际的使用中被进一步推广。
(3)设备投入小,反应能耗低,玻璃态凝胶可重复使用,适合于规模化推广。
Claims (1)
1.一种用玻璃态凝胶为模板制备精准孔径塑料泡沫的方法,其特征是具体的制备步骤如下所示:
1)将熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物、液晶聚合物、填料、发泡剂按重量份混合,缓慢倒入玻璃态凝胶,并使其完全填充;所述液晶聚合物为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺、聚对苯酰胺、聚对苯撑苯并噻唑中的一种;所述填料为聚乙烯和聚丙烯按照重量份1:3混合组成;所述发泡剂为超细铝粉:石油醚:碳酸氢钠按照重量份5:1:1的组分混合而成;所述玻璃态凝胶为孔径20-30μm分布超过90%的二氧化硅气凝胶;
2)将填充好的模板快速加热产生气泡后,冷却固化后成型;
3)将成型后的模板浸泡在氢氧化钠溶液中,待玻璃态凝胶完全溶解,得到与玻璃态凝胶孔相反的精准孔径塑料泡沫;
其中,制备过程所用的原料包括以下重量份的物质:熔体粘滞的含氟聚合物34-45份、液晶聚合物32-43份、填料19-26份、发泡剂12-16份。
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