CN107439168A - Ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method, comprise the following steps：(i) ramie Silage cultivation and harvesting method, 1. site preparation；2. transplant；3. growing season management；4. harvest；(ii) 1. rape Silage cultivation and harvesting method are sowed；2. growing season management；3. preventing disease pest control；3. harvest.This sheep raising method of the present invention can save fine fodder and improve meat guality, can also improve the planting benefit of ramie.

Description

Ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method

Technical field

The invention belongs to arviculture field, and in particular to ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method.

Background technology

Northern China crops are mostly a shortenings, therefore the phenomenon that fodder grass lacks just occurs in autumn and winter, particularly fresh Blue or green fodder grass.After the harvesting of south China crops, substantial amounts of agricultural crop straw goes out of use or burned, i.e. waste of resource, pollutes again Environment.Ramie is Urticaceae Section of Genus Boehmeria undershrub or shrub perennial plant, and tiller is good, and reproducibility is strong, is that ancient Chinese is important One of industrial crops, ramie protein content is higher, nutritious, at the same time as excellent ensilage.Rape is cruciate flower Section, Brassica genus, annual herb.Rape is one of important oil crops of Chinese tradition, nutritious, wherein Vitamin C content It is very high, and the forage crop that a kind of nutritive value is high.The present invention provides a kind of ramie rape multiple cropping cultivation mode, passes through control In ramie rape growth period, crushing straw carries out ensiling, ammonification, rubs raise livestock after a microbial during harvest, not only blue or green fresh, agreeable to the taste, And winter-spring season can be relaxed and eat the deficient puzzlement of feed raw, it is a kind of crop fodder model of effective utilization.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method, this method utilizes ramie and rape Breeding time it is poor, there is provided a kind of high-efficiency feed Multiple Cropping Patterns, solve the problems, such as that winter-spring season part eats feed scarcity raw.

Ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(i) ramie Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1. site preparation

Select irrigation and drainage facility, soil plough horizon is deep, and soil pH value is advisable plot with 5.5~6.5, using machinery plough it is whole rake the soil level, make Plot is smooth consistent, and soil block is uniform in size, no weeds；

2. nursery and transplanting

First start nursery in late January, the ramie seed to have germinateed is sowed at smooth good ground, lid kind watering mu is applied 30kg and answered Thin film is covered behind Hefei again.Growth is transplanted after 30-40 days, i.e., selection is fine at the beginning of late Febuary or 3 months, and temperature is high And transplanted when stable, per Mu Shi 50kg composite fertilizers during transplanting, every mu is transplanted 3000 plants or so, water is watered after transplanting is good, due to ramie Fiber crops are perennial crops, Second Year and later without transplant again；

3. growing season management

Whole growth period attention control pest and disease damage and weeds, spray once micro- fertilizer for every 15 days, micro- fertilizer including manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer and Boron fertilizer；

4. harvest

Ramie Stalk is easy to aging, fibrosis, to preserve its good feeding value, it is necessary to which harvesting in time, ensiling preserve, and this was both Be advantageous to make full use of ramie cauline leaf resource, be also beneficial to cattle and sheep forage grass four seasons stable market supply；

Ramie after transplanting because the secondary growth of factor first such as temperature and transplanting more slowly, it is necessary to 45 days or so, Ramie Growth The requirement that height could meet to make feed in 80cm or so, grow for the second time and later every 28 days or so harvests once, receive always Or so the middle ten days in October is received, can be gathered in 6-7 times in 1 year, watering in time and Mu Shi 30kg composite fertilizers after often harvesting once, Ensure lower stubble fast-growth；Ensiling processing is carried out after harvesting in time, be to avoid and become sour and rot；

(ii) rape Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1. sow

A herbicide is sprayed in time after mid or late October ramie last time is gathered in, and then selects temperature at 20 DEG C or so Fine day directly broadcasts rape seed, and every mu is broadcast 0.3kg, while per Mu Shi 50kg composite fertilizers, watering in time；

2. growing season management

Due to being live no-tillage rape, Weed infestation is serious, carries out 1 tillage and weeding in seedling stage, is sprayed in combination with actual conditions Spraying herbicide；

And selected a good opportunity before year and carry out seeing that seedling final singling is filled the gaps with seedlings；

In terms of preventing disease pest control；

The pest and disease damage of rape mainly " disease of three worm two " is i.e.：Aphid, cabbage caterpillar, dish set worm, virosis and sclerotiniose；Endangered with aphid Evil is most heavy, while aphid also transmitted virus disease, so to accomplish to control morning, cure, plays a part of controlling worm diseases prevention；

Prevention and controls：（1）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with 21% desinsection pioneer's 60-80 milliliters, cabbage caterpillar can be prevented and treated Set with dish；（2）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with net 2 bags of aphid lice and can prevent eliminating aphis；Aphis propagation virosis, virosis When generation is serious, yield is not only influenceed, the oil content of vegetable seeds is also reduced, reduces the resistance of plant, cause the intrusion of other diseases, Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the preventing and treating to aphid；（3）, mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with viral A100 grams, grave illness field was every seven days Spray again once, be used in conjunction secondary, there is preferable prevention effect to virosis；

3. harvest

Direct-sowing rape makees the feeding i.e. rape SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING at the beginning of Second Year 3 months can be harvested in one month, and now rape cauline leaf is raised Material nutrient be worth highest, can be gathered in, be crushed, being packed and ensilingization processing etc. link；Because ramie is perennial plant, Directly germinateed after March, into next circulation cropping pattern.

The present invention can be staggered with rape fodder growth period for a long time using ramie feed metaplasia, carried out multiple cropping, improved The yield supply of Spring In Southern ensilage.

Embodiment

First, ramie Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1st, site preparation

Irrigation and drainage facility is selected, soil plough horizon is deep, and soil pH value is advisable plot with 5.5~6.5, uses machinery

Plough it is whole rake the soil level, make plot smooth consistent, soil block is uniform in size, no weeds.

2nd, transplant

In late January, ramie seed is first broadcast and nursery is carried out in smooth good greenhouse, and growth moves after 30-40 days

Plant, transplanting Qian Mushi 30kg composite fertilizers make base manure, and selection is fine at the beginning of late Febuary or 3 months, when temperature is high and stable The ramie root and stem of certain plants is transplanted, every mu is transplanted 3000 root and stem of certain plants or so, and water is watered after transplanting is good.

3rd, growing season management

Whole growth period keeps field without weeds, sprays once within every 15 days micro- fertilizer, micro- fertilizer is including manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer and boron fertilizer.

4th, harvest

Ramie Stalk is easy to aging, fibrosis, to preserve its good feeding value, it is necessary to which harvesting in time, ensiling preserve, and this was both Made full use of beneficial to ramie cauline leaf resource, be also beneficial to cattle and sheep forage grass four seasons stable market supply.

Ramie after transplanting probably needs 45 days left sides because the secondary growth of factor first such as temperature and transplanting is more slow

Right growth could meet the requirement for making feed, and second and later every 28 days or so harvesting once, is gathered in 10 always In the middle ten days in month, ensiling processing is carried out after harvesting in time, be to avoid and become sour and rot.

Ramie is perennial crop, is watered and Mu Shi 30kg composite fertilizers in time after harvest, ensures lower stubble fast-growth.

2nd, rape Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1st, sow

A herbicide is sprayed in time after mid or late October ramie last time is gathered in, and then selects temperature at 20 DEG C or so Fine day directly broadcasts rape seed, and every mu is broadcast 0.3kg, while per Mu Shi 50kg composite fertilizers, watering in time.

2nd, growing season management

Due to being live no-tillage rape, Weed infestation is serious, carries out 1 tillage and weeding in seedling stage, is sprayed in combination with actual conditions Spraying herbicide.And selected a good opportunity before year and carry out seeing that seedling final singling is filled the gaps with seedlings.

3rd, in terms of preventing disease pest control.The pest and disease damage of rape mainly " disease of three worm two " is i.e.：Aphid, cabbage caterpillar, dish set worm, disease Viral disease and sclerotiniose.It is most heavy with aphid damage at present, while aphid also transmitted virus disease, so to accomplish to control morning, cure, play Control the effect of worm diseases prevention.Prevention and controls：（1）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with 21% desinsection pioneer's 60-80 milliliters, can Preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and dish set.（2）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with net 2 bags of aphid lice and can prevent eliminating aphis.Aphis propagation virus Disease, when virosis occurs serious, yield is not only influenceed, also reduce the oil content of vegetable seeds, reduce the resistance of plant, cause other diseases Harmful intrusion, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the preventing and treating to aphid.（3）, mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings, grave illness with viral A100 grams Field was sprayed once again every seven days, was used in conjunction secondary, had preferable prevention effect to virosis.

4th, harvest

Direct-sowing rape make it is feeding can be harvested at the beginning of 3 months, now rape cauline leaf make feed nutritive value height, mechanical receipts can be carried out Cut, while the link such as crush, pack.It is complete etc. to undertake rolling for machinery because ramie has very strong stooling and reproducibility, The processing of ensiling in time after rape harvesting.Fertilizing, watering carries out the circulation harvesting of next year on plot simultaneously.

The present invention can be staggered with rape fodder growth period for a long time using ramie feed metaplasia, carried out multiple cropping, improved The yield supply of Spring In Southern ensilage.

The present invention is not limited solely to above example, and anyone can obtain its similar side under the enlightenment of the present invention Method, but it makees any change in form, and existing same or like technical scheme both falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. ramie rape multiple cropping Silage cultivation and harvesting method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(i) ramie Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1. site preparation

Select irrigation and drainage facility, soil plough horizon is deep, and soil pH value is advisable plot with 5.5~6.5, using machinery plough it is whole rake the soil level, make Plot is smooth consistent, and soil block is uniform in size, no weeds；

2. nursery and transplanting

First start nursery in late January, the ramie seed to have germinateed is sowed at smooth good ground, lid kind watering mu is applied 30kg and answered Thin film is covered behind Hefei again；

Growth is transplanted after 30-40 days, i.e., selection is fine at the beginning of late Febuary or 3 months, and temperature is transplanted when high and stable, is transplanted When per Mu Shi 50kg composite fertilizers, every mu is transplanted 3000 plants or so, and water is watered after transplanting is good, because ramie is perennial crop, the 2 years and later without transplanting again；

3. growing season management

Whole growth period attention control pest and disease damage and weeds, spray once micro- fertilizer for every 15 days, micro- fertilizer including manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer and Boron fertilizer；

4. harvest

Ramie Stalk is easy to aging, fibrosis, to preserve its good feeding value, it is necessary to which harvesting in time, ensiling preserve, and this was both Be advantageous to make full use of ramie cauline leaf resource, be also beneficial to cattle and sheep forage grass four seasons stable market supply；

Ramie after transplanting because the secondary growth of factor first such as temperature and transplanting more slowly, it is necessary to 45 days or so, Ramie Growth The requirement that height could meet to make feed in 80cm or so, grow for the second time and later every 28 days or so harvests once, receive always Or so the middle ten days in October is received, can be gathered in 6-7 times in 1 year, watering in time and Mu Shi 30kg composite fertilizers after often harvesting once, Ensure lower stubble fast-growth；Ensiling processing is carried out after harvesting in time, be to avoid and become sour and rot；

(ii) rape Silage cultivation and harvesting method

1. sow

A herbicide is sprayed in time after mid or late October ramie last time is gathered in, and then selects temperature at 20 DEG C or so Fine day directly broadcasts rape seed, and every mu is broadcast 0.3kg, while per Mu Shi 50kg composite fertilizers, watering in time；

2. growing season management

Due to being live no-tillage rape, Weed infestation is serious, carries out 1 tillage and weeding in seedling stage, is sprayed in combination with actual conditions Spraying herbicide；

And selected a good opportunity before year and carry out seeing that seedling final singling is filled the gaps with seedlings；

In terms of preventing disease pest control；

The pest and disease damage of rape mainly " disease of three worm two " is i.e.：Aphid, cabbage caterpillar, dish set worm, virosis and sclerotiniose；Endangered with aphid Evil is most heavy, while aphid also transmitted virus disease, so to accomplish to control morning, cure, plays a part of controlling worm diseases prevention；

Prevention and controls：（1）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with 21% desinsection pioneer's 60-80 milliliters, cabbage caterpillar can be prevented and treated Set with dish；（2）, every mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with net 2 bags of aphid lice and can prevent eliminating aphis；Aphis propagation virosis, virosis When generation is serious, yield is not only influenceed, the oil content of vegetable seeds is also reduced, reduces the resistance of plant, cause the intrusion of other diseases, Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the preventing and treating to aphid；（3）, mu be watered 40 kilograms of even sprayings with viral A100 grams, grave illness field was every seven days Spray again once, be used in conjunction secondary, there is preferable prevention effect to virosis；

3. harvest

Direct-sowing rape makees the feeding i.e. rape SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING at the beginning of Second Year 3 months can be harvested in one month, and now rape cauline leaf is raised Material nutrient be worth highest, can be gathered in, be crushed, being packed and ensilingization processing etc. link；Because ramie is perennial plant, Directly germinateed after March, into next circulation cropping pattern.