CN107412930A - A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107412930A CN107412930A CN201710263730.4A CN201710263730A CN107412930A CN 107412930 A CN107412930 A CN 107412930A CN 201710263730 A CN201710263730 A CN 201710263730A CN 107412930 A CN107412930 A CN 107412930A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- controller
- respiratory cycle
- regulating valve
- air
- patient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004712 air sac Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
- A61B7/003—Detecting lung or respiration noise
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of respiratory assistance apparatus, and it includes air bottle, oxygen cylinder, regulating valve, gas mixer chamber, breathing mask, belly bladder, breath sound harvester, ultrasonoscopy device and controller.Respiration assistance service can be accurately provided to patient according to the real-time biological information of patient by the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical instruments field, and in particular to one kind is according to the real-time biological information of patient, there is provided accurately supply
The respiratory assistance apparatus of oxygen amount.
Background technology
Some patients of the respiratory disease requirement with these diseases are supplied to air or oxygen-enriched air mixture.Gas
This supply can be used commonly known as respiratory assistance apparatus respiratory assistance apparatus carry out, conventional lung ventilator is all by both
Fixed oxygen-supplying amount, frequency is supported to provide oxygen rich gas for patient.However, the patient's condition of different patients is not quite similar, even for same
One patient, it is also not necessarily identical in the health of different time.Therefore, conventional lung ventilator can not because of people and preferably, or
Because when and accurate Respiration assistance service preferably is provided.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes following technical scheme：
A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus, including air bottle, oxygen cylinder, the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, gas mixer chamber and
Breathing mask, first regulating valve are used for the pressure and/or flow for adjusting the air stream from air bottle, second regulation
Valve is used for the pressure and/or flow for adjusting the pure oxygen gas flow from oxygen cylinder, pure oxygen mixed with air in gas mixer chamber to
Predetermined concentration simultaneously exports oxygen rich gas for patient's use to breathing mask, in addition to：
Breath sound harvester, for gathering sound caused by the breathing of patient lung, formation sound wave signal, and pass
Transport to controller；
Ultrasonoscopy device, for sending ultrasonic wave to patient lung and receiving the ultrasonic wave of lung's backspace, form reflection
The ultrasonoscopy of patient lung real-time planar area, and the ultrasonoscopy is transmitted to controller；
Belly bladder, it is the flexible air-bag of banding, can circumferentially be located at the belly of patient, and pass through the 3rd with air bottle
Regulating valve connects；
Controller, it is filled with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the 3rd regulating valve, breath sound harvester, ultrasonoscopy
Confidence number connects, and the controller generates sound wave change curve according to the sound wave signal, and calculates each breathing respectively
The slope of inspiratory limb broken line in cycle and the slope of expiration section broken line, meanwhile, controller calculates each according to the ultrasonoscopy
The maximum and minimum of the area of plane of the lung of individual respiratory cycle；
When the slope of the inspiratory limb broken line in the slope more previous respiratory cycle of the inspiratory limb broken line in any respiratory cycle
Change, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller makes the abnormal judgement of air-breathing, further, controller meter
The difference between the maximum of the respiratory cycle and the maximum of previous respiratory cycle is calculated, if the difference is negative, and difference is exhausted
Second predetermined value is more than to value, then controller controls the second regulating valve to make the pure oxygen that the inspiratory limb of next respiratory cycle is provided
Flow increase；
When the slope of the expiration section broken line in the slope more previous respiratory cycle of the expiration section broken line in any respiratory cycle
Change, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller makes exhale abnormal judgement, further, controller meter
The difference between the minimum of the respiratory cycle and the minimum of previous respiratory cycle is calculated, if the difference is just, and difference is exhausted
To value be more than second predetermined value, then controller control the 3rd regulating valve, make belly bladder next respiratory cycle expiration section
Inflated by air bottle so that air sac pressing belly, form abdominal pressure, promote patient's exhaled gas.
Preferably, oxygen concentration sensor is provided with the gas mixing room.
Preferably, the belly bladder is additionally provided with the vent valve for deflation, and belly bladder is connected to gas by vent valve
Body mixing chamber.
By the present invention can according to the biological information of patient, because of people preferably, because when and accurate breathing preferably is provided
Assistant service.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the principle assumption diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows the change of breath sound；
Fig. 3 shows the area change of lung ultrasound image.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, respiratory assistance apparatus includes：
Air bottle 1, oxygen cylinder 3, the first regulating valve 2, the second regulating valve 4, gas mixer chamber 5 and breathing mask 6, described
One regulating valve 2 is used for the pressure and/or flow for adjusting the air stream from air bottle 1, and second regulating valve 4, which is used to adjust, to be come
From the pressure and/or flow of the pure oxygen gas flow of oxygen cylinder 3, pure oxygen is mixed to predetermined concentration simultaneously with air in gas mixer chamber 5
Oxygen rich gas is exported to breathing mask 6 to use for patient, in addition to：
Breath sound harvester 7, for gather patient lung breathing caused by sound, formed sound wave signal, and
Transmit to controller 11；
Ultrasonoscopy device 8, for sending ultrasonic wave to patient lung and receiving the ultrasonic wave of lung's backspace, form reflection
The ultrasonoscopy of patient lung real-time planar area, and the ultrasonoscopy is transmitted to controller 11；
Belly bladder 9, it is the flexible air-bag of banding, can circumferentially be located at the belly of patient, and pass through the with air bottle 1
Three regulating valves 10 connect；
Controller 11, it is with the first regulating valve 2, the second regulating valve 4, the 3rd regulating valve 10, breath sound harvester 7, super
The signal of acoustic image device 8 connects.
As shown in Fig. 2 controller 11 generates sound wave change curve according to the sound wave signal, and calculate respectively each
The slope of inspiratory limb broken line in respiratory cycle and the slope of expiration section broken line, meanwhile, as shown in figure 3, controller 11 is according to institute
State the maximum and minimum of the area of plane of the lung of ultrasonoscopy calculating each respiratory cycle；
During eupnea, sound wave change curve each respiratory cycle it is linear basically identical, and when expiratory dyspnea when,
It can cause to be short of breath, the slope of each section of broken line can change.When the inspiratory limb broken line in any respiratory cycle slope compared with
The slope of inspiratory limb broken line in the previous respiratory cycle changes, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller is made
The abnormal judgement of air-breathing；
Further, within a respiratory cycle, the lobe of the lung because of suction gas and volume becomes big, because of exhaled gas, volume becomes
Small, there is maximum and minimum in the shaded area for being reflected in the ultrasonoscopy Shang Ze lungs of lung.Normal breathing, maximum
It is substantially invariable with minimum, such as has difficulty in breathing, the lobe of the lung can not obtain enough air and becoming size has variation.Control
Device processed calculates the difference DELTA F between the maximum of the respiratory cycle and the maximum of previous respiratory cycle, if the difference DELTA F is
It is negative, and the absolute value of difference DELTA F is more than second predetermined value, then the second regulating valve of controller control makes the suction of next respiratory cycle
The flow increase for the pure oxygen that gas section is provided；
When the slope of the expiration section broken line in the slope more previous respiratory cycle of the expiration section broken line in any respiratory cycle
Change, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller makes exhale abnormal judgement, further, controller meter
The difference DELTA F between the minimum of the respiratory cycle and the minimum of previous respiratory cycle is calculated, if the difference DELTA F is just, and it is poor
Value Δ F absolute value is more than second predetermined value, then controller controls the 3rd regulating valve, makes belly bladder in next respiratory cycle
Expiration section inflated by air bottle so that air sac pressing belly, formed abdominal pressure, promote patient's exhaled gas.
One skilled in the art would recognize that without departing substantially from as the spirit and scope of the invention described in general manner,
Various changes and/or modification can be carried out to the invention shown in each specific embodiment.Therefore, in terms of all
For, embodiment here is considered as illustrative and and non-limiting.Equally, the present invention includes any feature
Combination, the combination of any feature especially in Patent right requirement, even if the combination of this feature or feature is not in patent
It is explicitely stated in claim or each embodiment here.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of respiratory assistance apparatus, it is characterised in that device, controller, respiratory surface including gathering user's biological information
Cover, belly bladder and apparatus of oxygen supply, controller adjust oxygen-supplying amount in real time according to the real-time biological information of user.
2. a kind of respiratory assistance apparatus, including air bottle, oxygen cylinder, the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, gas mixer chamber and exhale
Mask is inhaled, first regulating valve is used for the pressure and/or flow for adjusting the air stream from air bottle, second regulating valve
For adjusting the pressure and/or flow of the pure oxygen gas flow from oxygen cylinder, pure oxygen is mixed to pre- with air in gas mixer chamber
Determine concentration and export oxygen rich gas to breathing mask to use for patient, it is characterised in that：
Breath sound harvester, for gather patient lung breathing caused by sound, formed sound wave signal, and transmit to
Controller；
Ultrasonoscopy device, for sending ultrasonic wave to patient lung and receiving the ultrasonic wave of lung's backspace, form reflection patient
The ultrasonoscopy of lung's real-time planar area, and the ultrasonoscopy is transmitted to controller；
Belly bladder, it is the flexible air-bag of banding, can circumferentially be located at the belly of patient, and pass through the 3rd regulation with air bottle
Valve connects；
Controller, it believes with the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the 3rd regulating valve, breath sound harvester, ultrasonoscopy device
Number connection, the controller generate sound wave change curve according to the sound wave signal, and calculate each respiratory cycle respectively
The slope of interior inspiratory limb broken line and the slope of expiration section broken line, meanwhile, controller calculates each exhale according to the ultrasonoscopy
Inhale the maximum and minimum of the area of plane of the lung in cycle；
When the slope of the inspiratory limb broken line in the slope more previous respiratory cycle of the inspiratory limb broken line in any respiratory cycle occurs
Change, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller makes the abnormal judgement of air-breathing, further, controller calculates this
Difference between the maximum of respiratory cycle and the maximum of previous respiratory cycle, if the difference is negative, and the absolute value of difference
More than second predetermined value, then controller controls the stream for the pure oxygen that the second regulating valve provides the inspiratory limb of next respiratory cycle
Amount increase；
When the slope of the expiration section broken line in the slope more previous respiratory cycle of the expiration section broken line in any respiratory cycle occurs
Change, and when rate of change is more than first predetermined value, controller makes abnormal judgement of exhaling, further, controller, which calculates, to be somebody's turn to do
Difference between the minimum of respiratory cycle and the minimum of previous respiratory cycle, if the difference is just, and the absolute value of difference
More than second predetermined value, then the 3rd regulating valve of controller control, makes belly bladder empty in the expiration section of next respiratory cycle
Inflating gas cylinder so that air sac pressing belly, form abdominal pressure, promote patient's exhaled gas.
3. the respiratory assistance apparatus as described in claim 1-2, oxygen concentration sensor is provided with the gas mixing room.
4. the respiratory assistance apparatus as described in claim 1-3, the belly bladder is additionally provided with the vent valve for deflation, belly
Air bag is connected to gas mixer chamber by vent valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710263730.4A CN107412930B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710263730.4A CN107412930B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107412930A true CN107412930A (en) | 2017-12-01 |
| CN107412930B CN107412930B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
Family
ID=60423916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710263730.4A Active CN107412930B (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107412930B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110404145A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 罗远明 | A kind of accurate adjustable and without carbon dioxide retention oxygen therapy device of fraction of inspired oxygen |
| CN114052767A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-02-18 | 常州复睿特生物科技有限公司 | Lung cancer molecular marker detection device |
| CN116369898A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-07-04 | 青岛市第五人民医院 | Respiratory data reminding system for critical diseases |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2090274U (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1991-12-11 | 燕相山 | Auxiliary respiratory apparatus |
| US20080202525A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | General Electric Company | Setting mandatory mechanical ventilation parameters based on patient physiology |
| CN104399164A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-11 | 北京神鹿腾飞医疗科技有限公司 | Intelligent respirator and aerating method of using the respirator |
| CN104840351A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-19 | 韩锋 | Wearable external chest compression respirator synchronous to expiratory phase |
| WO2016020825A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Translating respiratory therapy parameters |
| CN106372447A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 苏州市克拉思科文化传播有限公司 | Intelligent medical sickbed management system |
| CN106512163A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-03-22 | 山东省千佛山医院 | Intelligent oxygen-supplying and remote monitoring respirator |
-
2017
- 2017-04-21 CN CN201710263730.4A patent/CN107412930B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2090274U (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1991-12-11 | 燕相山 | Auxiliary respiratory apparatus |
| US20080202525A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | General Electric Company | Setting mandatory mechanical ventilation parameters based on patient physiology |
| WO2016020825A1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2016-02-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Translating respiratory therapy parameters |
| CN104399164A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-11 | 北京神鹿腾飞医疗科技有限公司 | Intelligent respirator and aerating method of using the respirator |
| CN104840351A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-19 | 韩锋 | Wearable external chest compression respirator synchronous to expiratory phase |
| CN106372447A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 苏州市克拉思科文化传播有限公司 | Intelligent medical sickbed management system |
| CN106512163A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-03-22 | 山东省千佛山医院 | Intelligent oxygen-supplying and remote monitoring respirator |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110404145A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-11-05 | 罗远明 | A kind of accurate adjustable and without carbon dioxide retention oxygen therapy device of fraction of inspired oxygen |
| CN114052767A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-02-18 | 常州复睿特生物科技有限公司 | Lung cancer molecular marker detection device |
| CN116369898A (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2023-07-04 | 青岛市第五人民医院 | Respiratory data reminding system for critical diseases |
| CN116369898B (en) * | 2023-06-06 | 2024-02-20 | 青岛市第五人民医院 | Respiratory data reminding system for critical diseases |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107412930B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US12048813B2 (en) | Methods, systems and devices for non-invasive ventilation including a non-sealing ventilation interface with an entrainment port and/or pressure feature | |
| CN1867371B (en) | Arrangement for respiratory support for a patient airway prosthesis and catheter | |
| JP5184534B2 (en) | Ventilation device and method that allows a patient to speak with or without a tracheostomy tube check valve | |
| JP6153725B2 (en) | Ventilation assistance system and ventilator including an unsealed ventilation interface with intake ports and / or pressure features | |
| US9132250B2 (en) | Methods, systems and devices for non-invasive ventilation including a non-sealing ventilation interface with an entrainment port and/or pressure feature | |
| EP2316514B1 (en) | Composite lung therapy device | |
| JP4602980B2 (en) | Device for non-invasive ventilation | |
| JP2010502402A5 (en) | ||
| CN105980014A (en) | Dual pressure sensor patient ventilator | |
| US10335564B2 (en) | System and method for controlling exsufflation pressure during in-exsufflation | |
| US20160045696A1 (en) | Toroidal ring ventilator | |
| CN107412930B (en) | A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus | |
| CN102625720B (en) | For including the mthods, systems and devices with the invasive ventilation of non-tight vented interface of free space nozzle characteristics | |
| CN101104092A (en) | Ventilator device for treating obstructive sleep apnea and method for its control | |
| CN109715236A (en) | In patient's artificial respiration or during supporting breathing, control of breathing applies the aerosol of powder type | |
| CN106943652B (en) | A kind of respiratory assistance apparatus | |
| CN106964043B (en) | A kind of respiratory auxiliary system based on cloud computing | |
| US20220241545A1 (en) | Apparatus for supplying therapeutic gas to a patient, with control of the pressure at the mask | |
| CN116271378A (en) | Comfortable device capable of accurately controlling concentration of inhaled air and simultaneously detecting respiratory flow | |
| CN110681013A (en) | Nonlinear air resistance and flushing module and breathing machine | |
| CN106964044B (en) | Respiratory diagnosis and treatment system based on cloud computing | |
| CN220801650U (en) | Comfortable device capable of accurately controlling concentration of inhaled air and simultaneously detecting respiratory flow | |
| US20240342419A1 (en) | Methods, systems and devices for non-invasive ventilation including a non-sealing ventilation interface with an entrainment port and/or pressure feature | |
| CN213789846U (en) | Respiratory training system | |
| US20220105290A1 (en) | Apparatus and installation for supplying therapeutic gas to a patient with flow control |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20180903 Address after: 314100 C7 building 201, Chuang Road, Dayun Town, Jiashan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 201 Applicant after: Jiaxing Lai Pu Sheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 238000 pre war administrative villages in ban Tang street, Ju Chao District, Chaohu, Anhui Applicant before: Shuai Mengqi |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |