CN107406445A - 新颖环丙苯并呋喃基吡啶并吡嗪二酮类 - Google Patents
新颖环丙苯并呋喃基吡啶并吡嗪二酮类 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107406445A CN107406445A CN201680008557.7A CN201680008557A CN107406445A CN 107406445 A CN107406445 A CN 107406445A CN 201680008557 A CN201680008557 A CN 201680008557A CN 107406445 A CN107406445 A CN 107406445A
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- optionally
- alkyl
- dihydro
- substitutes
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- -1 benzofuranyl pyrido-pyrazine diones Chemical class 0.000 title description 92
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 148
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 128
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 124
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 110
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 102
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 102
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 85
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 81
- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 65
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- GXWNSJYVSIJRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-8-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine Chemical compound CC1=NC(Br)=CN2C=CN=C12 GXWNSJYVSIJRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 claims description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 9
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZRNSSRODJSSVEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentacosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C ZRNSSRODJSSVEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluoromethane Natural products FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 22
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 171
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 93
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 78
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 39
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 38
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 33
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 29
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 28
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 28
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 25
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N serotonin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2C(CCN)=CNC2=C1 QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 22
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diethylethanamine Substances CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 102000002659 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108010043324 Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases Proteins 0.000 description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
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- INJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanfacine Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(=O)CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl INJOMKTZOLKMBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 7
- LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-iodosuccinimide Chemical compound IN1C(=O)CCC1=O LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 7
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 7
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- VHNYOQKVZQVBLC-RTCGXNAVSA-N (4r,7e,9as)-7-[[3-methoxy-4-(4-methylimidazol-1-yl)phenyl]methylidene]-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1,3,4,8,9,9a-hexahydropyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-6-one Chemical group C1([C@@H]2COC[C@@H]3CC\C(C(N32)=O)=C/C=2C=C(C(=CC=2)N2C=C(C)N=C2)OC)=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1 VHNYOQKVZQVBLC-RTCGXNAVSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QWGDMFLQWFTERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N amoxapine Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2N=C1N1CCNCC1 QWGDMFLQWFTERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 6
- MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N selegiline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940124648 γ-Secretase Modulator Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明公开了化合物及所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中所述化合物具有式(I)结构:其中X、R1、R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a、R5b、R6、R7、R10、R11及y系如说明书中所定义。本文亦公开了对应的药物组合物、治疗方法、合成方法及中间体。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明系关于用于治疗神经退行性病症及/或神经病症(诸如阿兹海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease))等等的式I的新环丙苯并呋喃基吡啶并吡嗪二酮类化合物。
【背景技术】
痴呆起因于多种不同病理过程。导致痴呆的最常见病理过程系阿兹海默氏症(AD)、脑淀粉样血管病(CM)及朊病毒介导的疾病(参见,例如Haan等人,Clin.Neurol.Neurosurg.1990,92(4):305-310;Glenner等人,J.Neurol.Sci.1989,94:1-28)。AD几乎影响全部超过85岁的人类(美国人口的最快速增长部分)的一半。因此,预期到2050年美国AD患者数量从约400万增加至约1400万。
本发明系关于用于治疗神经退行性病症及/或神经病症(诸如阿兹海默氏症及唐氏综合征)的γ-分泌酶调节剂群组(参见Ann.Rep.Med.Chem.2007,Olsen等人,42:27-47)。
【发明内容】
本发明系关于如式I描述的γ-分泌酶调节剂:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X系含有1至3个杂原子的(5至14元)杂芳基;
R1,若化学上容许,系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代(oxo)、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;
R2a及R2b,若化学上容许,在每次出现时,系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R2a及R2b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基或(4至10元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基及所述(4至10元)杂环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R4a及R4b,若化学上容许,系各自独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R4a及R4b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R5a及R5b在每次出现时系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R5a及R5b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及-OR9组成的群;条件是R6及R7不均是羟基;
R8在每次出现时系独立地选自由氰基、卤素、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
R9系选自由氢及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
y系选自1、2、3或4的整数;
环B系任选地被一至三个R10取代;其中各R10系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或两个R10取代基与其连接的碳原子一起形成任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基;
环D系任选地被一至四个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的(4至6元)杂环烷基;-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;且
R4及R5在每次出现时各自独立地选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
本发明化合物包括如本文描述的实施例2-22、C22、C33、C40及C44或其药学上可接受的盐。
本文亦提供包括含药学有效量的一或多种本文描述的化合物及其药学上可接受的媒剂、载剂载体或赋形剂的组合物。
式I化合物系γ-分泌酶调节剂。γ-分泌酶在产生与阿兹海默氏症相关联的淀粉样β蛋白质(Aβ)斑方面具有作用。由此,据信式I化合物可用于治疗各种与Aβ产生有关的神经退行性病症及/或神经病症。
从描述本发明的说明书及随附权利要求,本发明的其他特征及优点将显而易见。
【发明详述】
此文档中的标题仅用于由读者快速查阅。其不应被理解为以任何方式限制本发明或权利要求的范围。
定义及示例
如本说明书(包括权利要求)全篇使用,除非另作特定说明,以下术语具有下文定义的含义。复数及单数应当作可互换的,而非指定数量。
术语“(C1-C6)烷基”指含有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基取代基(即,藉由移除氢获自烃的取代基)。此等取代基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基(包括正丙基及异丙基)、丁基(包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基及叔丁基)、戊基及己基。
如本文使用的术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基”指如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷基部分可被一或多个卤素原子取代以形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷基的代表实例包括(但不限于)氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氟乙基、二氟乙基、五氟乙基,等等。
术语“(C1-C3)烷基”指含有1至3个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基取代基(即,藉由移除氢获自烃的取代基)。此等取代基的实例包括甲基、乙基及丙基(包括正丙基及异丙基)。
术语“(C2-C6)烯基”指具有2至6个碳原子且具有至少一个碳-碳双键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链基团。代表实例包括(但不限于)乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基(烯丙基)、异丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基及2-丁烯基。当本发明化合物含有(C2-C6)烯基时,所述化合物可呈纯E(反式异侧)形式、纯Z(同侧顺式)形式、或其任何其混合物存在。
术语“任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基”指如上文定义的(C2-C6)烯基,其中一或多个氢原子系被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(C2-C6)炔基”指具有2至6个碳原子且具有至少一个碳-碳三键的脂族烃,包括具有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链基团。炔基的代表实例包括(但不限于)乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、3-丁炔基、2-戊炔基及1-丁炔基。
术语“任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基”指如上文定义的(C2-C6)炔基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“卤素”指氟(可表示为-F)、氯(可表示为-Cl)、溴(可表示为-Br)、或碘(可表示为-I)。
如本文使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷氧基”意指经由氧原子连接至母分子部分的如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷基。实例包括(但不限于)甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-丙氧基、丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基及己氧基。
如本文使用的术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基”指如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。例如,(C1-C6)烷氧基可被一或多个卤素原子取代以形成“卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基”。卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基的代表实例包括(但不限于)氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、氟乙氧基及五氟乙氧基等等。
如本文使用的术语“(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基”意指经由如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷基连接至母分子部分的如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷氧基。实例包括(但不限于)甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基等等。
如本文使用的术语“任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基”意指如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
如本文使用,术语“硫(C1-C6)烷基”意指经由硫原子连接至母分子部分的如上文定义的(C1-C6)烷基。硫(C1-C6)烷基的代表实例包括(但不限于)硫甲基、硫乙基、硫(叔丁基)及硫己基。
如本文使用,术语“任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基”指如上文定义的硫(C1-C6)烷基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(C3-C8)环烷基”指藉由从具有3至8个碳原子的饱和碳环分子移除氢而获得的碳环取代基。“(C3-C6)环烷基”指藉由从具有3至6个碳原子的饱和碳环分子移除氢而获得的碳环取代基。“(C3-C8)环烷基”可系单环,其实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基及环辛基。或者,环烷基可含有超过一个环,诸如(C4-C8)双环烷基。术语“(C4-C8)双环烷基”指含有4至8个碳原子的双环系统。所述双环烷基可是稠合的,诸如双环[1.1.0]丁烷、双环[2.1.0]戊烷、双环[2.2.0]己烷、双环[3.1.0]己烷、双环[3.2.0]庚烷及双环[3.3.0]辛烷。术语“双环烷基”亦包括桥接双环烷基系统,例如但不限于双环[2.2.1]庚烷及双环[1.1.1]戊烷。
术语“任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基”指如上文定义(C3-C8)的环烷基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(C6-C10)芳基”指含有6至10个碳原子的由一个环或两个稠合的环组成的芳族取代基。此等芳族取代基的实例包括(但不限于)苯基及萘基。(C6-C10)芳基亦可包括任选地稠合至如本文定义的(C3-C6)环烷基环的苯基及萘基取代基(例如,双环[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5三烯基)或任选地稠合至如本文定义的(5至6元)杂环烷基环的苯基及萘基取代基(例如二氢苯并呋喃基、苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基及氧代异吲哚啉基),其中具有此类稠合芳基作为取代基的基团系连接至所述芳基的碳原子。当所述芳基系苯基时,本文亦将其称为“任选取代的苯基”。
术语“任选取代的(C6-C10)芳基”指如上文定义的(C6-C10)芳基,其中一或多个氢原子被选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
如本文使用,术语“杂环烷基”指如上文定义的环烷基,其中环碳原子中的至少一者由选自氮、氧或硫的杂原子替代。“(4至10元)杂环烷基”指含有总共4至10个环原子的如上文定义的杂环烷基取代基,其中所述环原子中的至少一者系选自氧、氮、或硫的杂原子。杂环烷基可系具有至多10个总成员的单环。或者,如上文定义的杂环烷基可包含2或3个稠合在一起的环,其中至少一个此类环含有作为环原子的杂原子(即,氮、氧或硫)。在具有杂环烷基取代基的基团中,连接至所述基团的所述杂环烷基取代基的环原子可系至少一个杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时),或者,其可系环碳原子,其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在相同的环中或其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在不同的环中。相似地,若所述杂环烷基取代基继而被基团或取代基取代,则所述基团或取代基可连接至至少一个杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时),或者,其可连接至环碳原子,其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在相同的环中或其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在不同的环中。
“杂环烷基”定义中亦包括的是稠合至(C6-C10)芳族环或(5至10元)杂芳族环的杂环烷基。当此类稠合杂环烷基被一或多个取代基取代时,除非另作说明,否则所述一或多个取代基系各自连接至所述杂环烷基的杂原子(当该杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时)或所述杂环烷基的碳原子。杂环烷基环的实例包括(但不限于)氮杂环丁烷基、二氢呋喃基、二氢噻吩基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、四氢三嗪基、四氢吡唑基、四氢噁嗪基、四氢嘧啶基、八氢苯并呋喃基、八氢苯并咪唑基、八氢苯并噻唑基、咪唑烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、噁唑烷基、噻唑烷基、吡唑烷基、硫代吗啉基、四氢吡喃基、四氢噻嗪基、四氢噻二嗪基、四氢噁唑基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁烷基、四氢二嗪基、噁嗪基、噁噻嗪基、奎宁环基、苯并二氢吡喃基、异苯并二氢吡喃基、二氢苯并噁嗪基、吲哚啉基、异吲哚啉基、二氢苯并呋喃基、四氢喹啉基、异氧铬基、二氢-1H-异吲哚基、2-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚酮基、3-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚基等等。杂环烷基环的额外实例包括四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、咪唑烷-1-基、咪唑烷-2-基、咪唑烷-4-基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-基、吡咯烷-3-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-基、哌啶-3-基、哌啶-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、哌嗪-2-基、1,3-噁唑烷-3-基、1,4-氧氮杂环庚烷-4-基、异噻唑烷基、1,3-噻唑烷-3-基、1,2-吡唑烷-2-基、1,2-四氢噻嗪-2-基、1,3-噻嗪烷-3-基(1,3-thiazinan-3-yl)、1,2-四氢二嗪-2-基、1,3-四氢二嗪-1-基、1,4-噁嗪-4-基、噁唑烷酮基、2-氧代-哌啶基(例如,2-氧代-哌啶-1-基),等等。
术语“任选取代的杂环烷基”(例如,任选取代的(4至6元)杂环烷基)指如上文定义的杂环烷基,其中一或多个氢原子(在化学上容许的情况下)被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
术语“(5至14元)杂芳基”指具有5至14个环原子的杂芳环,其中所述环原子中的至少一者系杂原子(即,氧、氮、或硫),剩余环原子独立选自由碳、氧、氮及硫组成的群。“(5至6元)杂芳基”指具有5至6个环原子的杂芳环,其中所述环原子中的至少一者系杂原子(即,氧、氮、或硫),剩余环原子独立选自由碳、氧、氮及硫组成的群。“(6元)杂芳基”指具有6个环原子的杂芳环。“(5元)杂芳基”指具有5个环原子的杂芳环,其中所述环原子中的至少一者系杂原子。杂芳基可由单一环或者2或3个稠合的环组成。杂芳基的实例包括(但不限于)6元环取代基,诸如吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基及哒嗪基;5元杂芳基,诸如三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-、1,2,4-、1,2,5-或1,3,4-噁二唑基、噁唑基、噻吩基、噻唑基及吡唑基;6/5元稠环取代基,诸如吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、异苯并硫代呋喃基(isobenzothiofuranyl)、苯并硫代呋喃基(benzothiofuranyl)、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、呋喃并吡啶基、嘌呤基、咪唑吡啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、三唑并嘧啶基、三唑并吡啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑并吡啶基、噻吩并吡啶基、三唑并嘧啶基、三唑并吡啶基(例如,[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)及邻氨基苯甲基(anthranilyl);及6/6元稠环取代基,诸如喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、氧代色烯基(oxochromenyl)及1,4-苯并噁嗪基。在具有杂芳基取代基的基团中,连接至所述基团的所述杂芳基取代基的环原子可系至少一个杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时),或者,其可系环碳原子,其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在相同的环中或其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在不同的环中。相似地,若所述杂芳基取代基继而被基团或取代基取代,所述基团或取代基可连接至至少一个杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时),或者,其可连接至环碳原子,其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在相同的环中,或其中所述环碳原子可与所述至少一个杂原子在不同的环中。
应理解,所述“(5至14元)杂芳基”可任选地稠合至如本文定义的(C3-C8)环烷基或(4至10元)杂环烷基。具有此类稠合杂芳基作为取代基的基团系连接至所述杂芳基的芳香碳,或连接至所述杂芳基的杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时)。此类稠合杂芳基可被至多四个取代基取代;除非另作说明,否则所述取代基各自连接至所述杂芳基的芳香碳,或连接至所述杂芳基的杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时)。
术语“任选取代的(5至14元)杂芳基”、“任选取代的(5至6元)杂芳基”及“任选取代的(5至6元)含氮杂芳基”指如上文定义的(5至14元)杂芳基、(5至6元)杂芳基及(5至6元)含氮杂芳基,其中一或多个氢原子(在化学上容许的情况下)被选自由卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C(=O)R5)、-N(R4)C(=O)-OR5、-C(=O)-N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群的取代基替代,其中R4及R5各自独立地系氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。所述取代基可于任何可利用的碳原子连接至所述杂芳基部分或连接至杂原子(当所述杂原子系具有适当化合价的氮时)。
术语“氢”指氢取代基,且可表示为-H。
术语“羟基(hydroxy)”或“羟基(hydroxyl)”指-OH。当与另一或多个术语结合使用时,词头“羟基”指该词头连接的取代基被一或多个羟基取代基取代。具有连接一或多个羟基取代基的碳的化合物包括,例如,醇、烯醇及苯酚。
术语“氰基”(亦称为“腈”)意指-CN,其亦可表示为:
术语“氧代”意指=O基团。
若将取代基描述为“取代的”,则所述取代基的碳或氮上的氢取代基被非氢取代基代替。因此,例如,取代的烷基取代基系这样的烷基取代基,其中所述烷基取代基上的氢取代基被至少一个非氢取代基代替。出于阐明的目的,单氟烷基系被一个氟取代基取代的烷基,二氟烷基系被两个氟取代基取代的烷基。应理解,若在取代基上有超过一个取代,各个非氢取代基可相同或不同(除非另作说明)。
若将取代基描述作为“任选取代的”,则所述取代基可系(1)未取代的,或(2)取代的。若将取代基的碳描述为任选地被取代基清单中的一或多个取代,则在所述碳上的氢中的一或多个(到存在的任一个的程度)可单独地和/或一起被独立选择的任选存在的取代基取代。若将取代基的氮描述为任选地被取代基清单中的一或多个取代,则在所述氮上的氢中的一或多个(到存在的任一个的程度)可各自被独立选择的任选存在的取代基替代。作为又一实例,当任选存在的取代基(例如,R10或R11)可存在时,那些取代基如在本说明书中所指出的,而当不存在时,所述任选存在的取代基所能连接的原子(即,C或N)则具有必要数量的所连接的氢。
此说明书可互换地使用术语“取代基”、“原子团”及“基团”。
若将取代基描述为任选地被至多特定数量的非氢取代基取代,则所述取代基可系(1)未取代的;或(2)被至多所述特定数量或至多所述取代基上的可取代位置的最大数量(以较小者为准)的非氢取代基取代。因此,例如,若将取代基描述为任选地被至多3个非氢取代基取代的杂芳基,则任何具有小于3个可取代位置的杂芳基任选地被至多仅与所述杂芳基所具有的可取代位置同样多的非氢取代基取代。为了阐明,四唑基(仅具有一个可取代位置)任选地被至多一个非氢取代基取代。为进一步阐明,若氨基氮被描述为任选地被至多2个非氢取代基取代,那么,若所述氨基氮系伯氮,则所述氮任选地被至多2个非氢取代基取代,然而,若所述氨基氮系仲氮,则所述氨基氮任选地被至多仅1个非氢取代基取代。
若将取代基描述为“独立地选择”自一群组,则各个取代基的选择独立于另一或多者。各取代基因此可与其他一或多个取代基相同或不同。
如本文使用,除非说明,否则取代基的连接点可系取代基的任何适宜位置。
当与取代基的键显示为穿过连接在环中的两个原子的键时,则此类取代基可键接至所述环中可取代的任何成环原子。
“患者”指温血动物,诸如,例如,猪、牛、鸡、马、天竺鼠、小鼠、大鼠、沙鼠、猫、兔、狗、猴子、黑猩猩及人类。
除非另作说明,否则如本文使用的“治疗(treating)”或“治疗(treat)”意指逆转、缓和、抑制此类术语适用的疾病或病症或者此类疾病或病症的一或多个症状的进程,或者预防此类术语适用的疾病或病症或者此类疾病或病症的一或多个症状。除非另作说明,否则如本文使用的术语“治疗(treatment)”指治疗(treating)的行为,“治疗(treating)”系如紧接上文所定义。术语“治疗(treating)”亦包括个体的辅助治疗及新辅助治疗。
“药学上可接受的”表明物质或组合物必须系与构成制剂的其他成分和/或以其治疗的哺乳动物在化学或毒理学上相容。
“异构体”意指如下文定义的“立体异构体”及“几何异构体”。
“立体异构体”指具有一或多个手性中心的化合物,其可各自以R或S构型存在。立体异构体包括全部非对映异构体形式、对映异构体形式及差向异构体形式以及外消旋物及其混合物。
“几何异构体”指以顺式、反式、抗、反式(E)及顺式(Z)形式以及其混合物存在的化合物。
如本文使用的术语“式I”、“式II”及“式III”可在下文称为“本发明化合物”。亦将此类术语定义为包括式I至III的化合物的全部形式,包括其水合物、溶剂合物、异构体、晶体及非晶形式、同晶型体、多晶型物及代谢产物。例如,式I至III的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以非溶剂化形式及具有诸如水、乙醇等的药学上可接受的溶剂的溶剂化形式存在。当所述溶剂或水紧密结合时,该复合物具有不依赖湿度的良好定义的化学计量。然而,当所述溶剂或水为弱结合时,如在通道溶剂合物(channel solvate)及吸湿性化合物中,所述水/溶剂的含量将取决于湿度及干燥条件。在此类情形下,非化学计量可系常态。一般而言,出于本发明的目的认为溶剂化形式等效于非溶剂化形式。
本发明化合物可作为包合物或其他复合物存在。在本发明范围内包括复合物诸如包合物、药物-主体包含复合物,其中所述药物及主体以化学计算量或非化学计算量存在。亦包括含有二或多个有机组分和/或无机组分的本发明化合物的复合物,其可呈化学计算量或非化学计算量。所得复合物可系离子化的、部分离子化的、或非离子化的。对于此类复合物的综述,参见Haleblian的J.Pharm.Sci.,64(8),1269-1288(1975年8月)。
本发明化合物可作为几何异构体存在。本发明化合物可具有一或多个不对称中心,由此作为二、或多个立体异构型式存在。本发明包括本发明化合物的全部个别立体异构体及几何异构体及其混合物。个别对映体可藉由拆分、手性层析、或其他为本领域技术人员所熟知的方法,或藉由在合成中使用相关对映反应物或试剂获得。
本发明化合物的碳-碳键在本文可使用实线实心楔或点楔描绘。描绘与不对称碳原子的键使用实线意在表明包括于此碳原子处全部可能的立体异构体(例如,特定对映体、外消旋混合物等等)。描绘不对称碳原子的键使用实心楔或点楔意在表明存在所显示的立体异构体。当存在于外消旋化合物中时,实心楔和点楔用以限定相对立体化学,而非绝对立体化学。使用(+/-)标记具有此类表明的相对立体化学的外消旋化合物。例如,除非另作说明,否则希望本发明化合物可作为立体异构体存在,所述立体异构体包括顺式及反式异构体、光学异构体诸如R及S对映体、非对映体、几何异构体、旋转异构体、构象异构体、阻转异构体及其混合物。本发明化合物可显示超过一种类型的异构现象,并由其混合物(诸如外消旋物或非对映体对)组成。亦包括这样的酸加成盐或碱加成盐,其中抗衡离子系旋光的(例如,D-乳酸盐或L-赖氨酸)或外消旋的(例如,DL-酒石酸盐或DL-精氨酸)。
当任何外消旋物结晶时,二种不同类型的晶体系可能的。第一种类型系上文提及的外消旋化合物(真正的外消旋物),其中产生含有两种等摩尔量的对映体的一种均相形式的晶体。第二种类型系外消旋混合物或聚集物,其中产生等摩尔量的两种晶体形式,其各自包括单一对映体。
本发明亦包括全部药学上可接受的同位素标记化合物,除一或多个原子由具有相同原子序数但原子质量或质量数的不同于自然界主导的原子质量或质量数的原子替代外,其系与在式I至III中引述的那些化合物相同。适合包含于本发明化合物中的同位素实例包括(但不限于)氢同位素,诸如2H、3H;碳同位素,诸如11C、13C及14C;氯同位素,诸如36Cl;氟同位素,诸如18F;碘同位素,诸如123I及125I;氮同位素,诸如13N及15N;氧同位素,诸如15O、17O及18O;磷同位素,诸如32P;及硫同位素,诸如35S。本发明的某些同位素标记化合物(例如掺入放射性同位素的那些)可用于药物及/或底物组织分配研究(例如,测定)。鉴于掺入便利性及已有的检测方式,放射性同位素氚(即3H)及碳-14(即14C)可特别用于此目的。被较重同位素(诸如氘(即2H))替代可提供源自更大代谢稳定性的一些治疗优点(例如体内半衰期增加或剂量需求降低),并因此可在一些环境下系优选的。被发射正电子的同位素(诸如11C、18F、15O及13N)替代可用于正子发射断层扫描(PET)研究以检查底物受体占用情况。通常,可藉由本领域技术人员已知的习知技术或藉由与随附的路线和/或实施例及制法中所述的那些方法类似的方法,藉由使用适当同位素标记的试剂代替先前使用的非标记试剂来制备本发明的同位素标记化合物。本发明的药学上可接受的溶剂合物包括其中的结晶溶剂可被同位素取代的那些,例如D2O、丙酮-d6、DMSO-d6。本发明化合物以及在下文描述的实施例1至22中例示的化合物包括这些化合物的同位素标记形式,诸如但不限于氘化及氚化同位素及上文讨论的全部其他同位素。
本发明化合物可以衍生自无机酸或有机酸的盐的形式使用。取决于特定化合物,所述化合物的盐可能因所述盐的一或多种物理性质而是有利的,诸如在不同温度及湿度下增强的药物稳定性、或在水或油中的理想溶解度。在一些情形中,化合物的盐亦可作为辅助手段用于所述化合物的分离、纯化和/或拆分。
在意图将盐给药于患者的情况下(例如与用于体外情况相反),所述盐优选地是药学上可接受的。术语“药学上可接受的盐”指藉由将本发明化合物与酸(其阴离子一般认为适宜人类吸收)、或碱(其阳离子一般认为适宜人类吸收)混合制备的盐。由于与母体化合物相比其较高的水溶性,药学上可接受的盐特别可用作本发明方法的产物。
当可能时,本发明化合物的适合的药学上可接受的酸加成盐包括衍生自无机酸(诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硝酸、碳酸、磺酸及硫酸)及有机酸(诸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、乙醇酸、2-羟乙基磺酸(Isothionic acid)、乳酸、乳糖酸、马来酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、琥珀酸、甲苯磺酸、酒石酸及三氟乙酸)的那些。适合的有机酸一般包括(但不限于)脂族酸、环脂族酸、芳族酸、芳脂族酸、杂环酸、羧酸及磺酸类的有机酸。
适合的有机酸的特定实例包括(但不限于)乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乙醇酸盐、葡萄醣酸盐、二葡萄醣酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、丙酮酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、邻氨基苯甲酸盐、硬脂酸盐、水杨酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、扁桃酸盐、恩贝酸盐(双羟萘酸盐)、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、泛酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、磺胺酸盐(sufanilate)、环己氨基磺酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、粘酸盐(galactarate)、半乳糖醛酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、糖庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、扑酸盐、果胶酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、硫氰酸盐及十一烷酸盐。
此外,若本发明化合物具有酸性部分,则其适合的药学上可接受的盐可包括碱金属盐(例如,钠或钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙或镁盐);及与适合的有机配体形成的盐,例如季铵盐。在另一实施方案中,碱盐系由形成无毒性盐的碱形成,包括铝、精氨酸、苄星青霉素、胆碱、二乙胺、二醇胺、甘氨酸、赖氨酸、葡甲胺(N-甲基葡萄胺)、乙醇胺、缓血酸胺及锌盐。
有机盐可自诸如以下的仲胺盐、叔胺盐或季胺盐制得:缓血酸胺、二乙胺、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺及普鲁卡因(procaine)。碱性含氮基团可用诸如以下的试剂季胺化:低级烷基(C1-C6)卤化物(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物)、二烷基硫酸盐(例如,二甲基、二乙基、二丁基及二戊基硫酸盐)、长链卤化物(例如,癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基及硬脂基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物)、芳基烷基卤化物(例如,苄基及苯乙基溴化物)等等。
在一实施方案中,亦可形成酸及碱的半盐,例如,半硫酸盐及半钙盐。
亦在本发明的范围内的是所谓的本发明化合物的“前药”。因此,当给药于人体内或上时,本发明化合物的某些本身具有小或无药学活性的衍生物可转化为具有期望活性的本发明化合物(例如,藉由水解)。此类衍生物称为“前药”。关于前药使用的其他信息可发现于“Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,第14卷,ACS Symposium Series(T.Higuchi及V.Stella)”及“Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design”Pergamon Press,1987(E.B.Roche编,美国制药协会(American Pharmaceutical Association))。例如,本发明的前药可通过用本领域技术人员已知作为“前-部分(pro-moieties)”(例如,如在H.Bundgaard的“Design of Prodrugs”(Elsevier,1985)中描述的)的特定部分替代存在于本发明化合物中的适当官能团来制备。
本发明亦包括含有保护基的本发明化合物。本领域技术人员会理解,本发明化合物亦可使用某些用于纯化或储存并可在给药于患者前移除的保护基制备。官能团的保护及脱保护描述于“Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”,由J.F.W.McOmie编著,Plenum Press(1973)及“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,第三版,T.W.Greene与P.G.M.Wuts,Wiley-Interscience(1999)中。
通常,以有效治疗本文描述的病症的量给药本发明化合物。可藉由任何适合的途径,以适合此途径的药物组合物的形式并以对于预期的治疗有效的量给药本发明化合物。本领域技术人员使用医学技术领域熟悉的临床前及临床途径容易确定治疗医学病症的进程所需的化合物的治疗有效剂量。本文使用的术语“治疗有效量”指所给药的化合物的量,所述量会在某种程度上缓解待治疗病症的一或多个症状。
化合物
如上所描绘的式I化合物具有由3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮表示的稠合双环核心。在所述核心左侧,吡啶酮环被R6、R7取代,且(5至14元)杂芳基部分由X表示,其中X进一步被R1取代;且在所述核心右侧,吡嗪酮环被R4a、R4b、R5a、R5b及由以下结构表示的侧环丙苯并呋喃基部分取代:
在某些实施方案中,在如上描绘的式I中,R1、R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a、R5b、R6、R7、R10、R11及y系如上文定义;且X由以下表示:
Xi)含有1至3个杂原子的(5至6元)杂芳基;
Xii)含有1至3个杂原子的(6元)杂芳基;或
Xiii)含有1至3个杂原子的(5元)杂芳基。
在某些其他实施方案中,所述(5至6元)杂芳基系选自由三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、噻唑基、异噁唑基、噁唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基及哒嗪基组成的群。
在某些实施方案中,所述(6元)杂芳基系选自由吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基及哒嗪基组成的群。
在某些其他实施方案中,所述(5元)杂芳基系选自由三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、噻唑基、异噁唑基及噁唑基组成的群。
在某些其他实施方案中,X系(5元)杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基系咪唑基。
在某些其他实施方案中,X系(5元)杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基系三唑基。
在某些其他实施方案中,在如上描绘的式I中,X系由如紧接上文所描述的实施方案之一表示,其中:
R1,若化学上容许,系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代(oxo)、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;
R2a及R2b,若化学上容许,在每次出现时,系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R2a及R2b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基或(4至10元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基及所述(4至10元)杂环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R4a及R4b,若化学上容许,系各自独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R4a及R4b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R5a及R5b在每次出现时系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R5a及R5b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及-OR9组成的群;条件是R6及R7不均是羟基;
R8在每次出现时系独立地选自由氰基、卤素、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
R9系选自由氢及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
y系选自1、2、3或4的整数;
环B系任选地被一至三个R10取代;其中各R10系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或两个R10取代基与其连接的碳原子一起形成任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基;
环D系任选地被一至四个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的(4至6元)杂环烷基;-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;且
R4及R5在每次出现时各自独立地选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
在某些其他实施方案中,在如上描绘的式I中,X系选自由三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、噻唑基、异噁唑基及噁唑基组成的群的(5元)杂芳基,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a及R2b系各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、氰基、卤素、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
y系1;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、-SF5、-N(R4)(R5)、硝基及任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基及(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个独立选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代,其中R4及R5系各自独立选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
在某些实施方案中,在如紧接上文所描述的式I中:
R1系任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;且
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系
i)氢;或
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代。
在某些其他实施方案中,R1系甲基;且R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢。
在某些其他实施方案中,R1系甲基;R2a、R2b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢;且R4a及R4b之一者系氢且另一者系甲基。
在另一实施方案中,R1系甲基;R2a及R2b之一者系氢且另一者系甲基;且R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢。
为进一步阐明本发明化合物,其中X系(5元)杂芳环且所述(5元)杂芳基环系咪唑基或三唑基,下文描述以下亚属:
如下文描绘的式II系如上文描绘的式I的子集,其中X系(5元)杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基系咪唑基,R1系(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基,R6及R7各自系氢,y系1,并且所述环丙苯并呋喃基部分系经由所述环丙苯并呋喃基部分的苄位连接;
在某些实施方案中,在如上文描绘的式II或其药学上可接受的盐中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自卤素、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
在某些实施方案中,式II系如紧接上文所描述:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个氟原子取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立选自氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯,或
ii)(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯;
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基且所述甲基系任选地被一至三个氟取代(例如,氟甲基、二氟甲基、或三氟甲基);及
iii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷氧基系甲氧基且所述甲氧基系任选地被一至三个氟取代(例如,氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、或三氟甲氧基)。
在任何上文提及的式II的实施方案中,R1系(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述烷基系甲基。在某些实施方案中,当R1系甲基时,式I的R1-X部分系4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基。
如下文描绘的式III系如上文所描绘的式I的子集,其中X系(5元)杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基系三唑基,R1系(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基,R6及R7各自系氢,y系1,且所述环丙苯并呋喃基部分系经由所述环丙苯并呋喃基部分的苄位连接:
在某些实施方案中,在如上文所描绘的式III或其药学上可接受的盐中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b系各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自卤素、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基。
在某些实施方案中,式III系如紧接上文所描述的:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个氟原子取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b系各自独立选自氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯,或
ii)(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯;
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基且所述甲基系任选地被一至三个氟取代(例如,氟甲基、二氟甲基、或三氟甲基);及
iii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷氧基系甲氧基且所述甲氧基系任选地被一至三个氟取代(例如,氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、或三氟甲氧基)。
在任何上文提及的式III实施方案中,R1系(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述烷基系甲基。在某些实施方案中,其中R1系甲基,R1-X部分系3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基。
在某些其他实施方案中,本发明化合物系选自由下列组成的群:
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-[4-(羟甲基)-1H-咪唑-1-基]-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;及
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;或
其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一实施方案中,所选择的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗神经退行性病症及神经病症,包括阿兹海默氏症或尼曼匹克(Niemann-Pick)症C型。
在某些实施方案中,所选择的本发明化合物可用于减少有此需要的个体的淀粉样β(Aβ)蛋白质的产生。
在某些实施方案中,所选择的本发明化合物可用于治疗患者的阿兹海默氏症或尼曼匹克症C型,该方法包括向有此需要的患者给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些实施方案中,本发明系关于包含所选择的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐及药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明系关于减少有此需要的个体的淀粉样β(Aβ)蛋白质的产生的方法,所述方法包括向所述个体给药治疗有效量的式I、式II或式III化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些其他实施方案中,本发明系关于治疗有此需要的个体的阿兹海默氏症的方法,所述方法包括向所述个体给药治疗有效量的式I、式II或式III化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐。
药物学
阿兹海默氏症(AD)研究表明,该疾病与在大脑中各种形状及尺寸斑积聚有关。有关AD的原发斑系由淀粉样β肽(Aβ)构成。当淀粉样前驱蛋白(APP)经历藉由天冬胺酰基蛋白酶β-及γ-分泌酶的连续蛋白质水解时产生Aβ(Haas等人,“Trafficking and proteolyticprocessing of APP”。Cold Spring Harbor Perspect.Med.,2011)。γ-分泌酶系由至少四种不同整合蛋白质组成的大型复合物,其中一者系早衰蛋白质及已识别为保护催化的天冬氨酸盐的催化组分(De Strooper,Bart等人,“Presenilins andγ-Secretase:Structure,Function,and Role in Alzheimer’s Disease”。Cold Spring HarborPerspect.Med.2012;2:a006304)。首先发现早衰蛋白质1及2为导致早发性阿兹海默氏症的错义突变位点。随后发现编码的多通路膜蛋白为导致产生获自淀粉样蛋白前驱体的淀粉样β蛋白质的羧基末端的γ-分泌酶、包膜天冬胺酰基蛋白酶复合物的催化组分(DeStrooper,Bart等人;2012)。因此,对于药物发现而言,靶向γ-分泌酶复合物已成为阿兹海默氏症研究的主要焦点。
据信本发明化合物系γ-分泌酶调节剂,其调节γ-分泌酶复合物使得较长的病原性Aβ肽(即Aβ42)减少及较短的Aβ类(即Aβ37和/或Aβ38)增加。γ-分泌酶调节剂可用于治疗哺乳动物(优选人类)的涉及γ-分泌酶复合物的中枢神经系统症状或疾病,诸如尼曼匹克症C型;神经疾病(诸如偏头痛;癫痫;阿兹海默氏症、帕金森病;脑损伤;中风;脑血管疾病(包括脑动脉硬化、脑淀粉样血管病、遗传性脑出血及大脑缺氧缺血));认知障碍(包括失忆、老年性痴呆、HIV-有关痴呆、阿兹海默氏症、亨廷顿氏病、路易体性痴呆、血管性痴呆、药物-有关痴呆、肌震颤、肌张力障碍、谵妄、皮克氏病、克雅氏病、HIV病、妥瑞氏综合征、癫痫症及轻度认知障碍);迟延性运动障碍;肌肉痉挛及有关肌肉痉挛或变弱的疾病(包括颤动);智力缺陷(包括痉挛状态、唐氏综合征及脆性X染色体综合征);睡眠障碍(包括嗜睡、昼夜节律睡眠障碍、失眠症、深眠状态及睡眠剥夺)及精神疾病诸如焦虑(包括急性应激障碍、广泛性焦虑症、社交焦虑症、惊恐性障碍、创伤后应激障碍、广场恐怖症及强制性障碍);做作性疾病(包括急性幻觉性躁狂);冲动控制障碍(包括强迫性赌博及间歇性爆发障碍);情感障碍(包括I型双相情感障碍、II型双相情感障碍、躁狂症、混合情感状态、重度抑郁、慢性抑郁、季节性抑郁、神经病性抑郁、经前综合征(PMS)、经前焦虑障碍(PDD)及产后抑郁);神经运动性障碍、精神障碍(包括神经分裂症、分裂情感障碍、精神分裂及妄想症);药物依赖(包括麻醉药依赖、酒精中毒、安非他明依赖、可卡因成瘾、尼古丁依赖及戒药综合征);进食障碍(包括厌食症、贪食症、暴饮暴食症、过食症、肥胖症、强迫进食障碍及食冰癖);性功能障碍;尿失禁;神经损伤障碍(包括眼睛损伤、视网膜病变或眼黄斑变性;耳鸣、听力障碍与听力损失;脑水肿)及儿科精神疾病(包括注意力缺乏症、注意力缺乏/多动症、行为障碍及自闭症),包括向哺乳动物给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些实施方案中,本发明化合物可用于治疗哺乳动物(优选人类)的神经疾病(诸如偏头痛;癫痫症;阿兹海默氏症;帕金森病;尼曼匹克症C型;脑损伤;中风;脑血管疾病;认知障碍;睡眠障碍)或精神疾病(诸如焦虑;做作性疾病;冲动控制障碍;情感障碍;精神运动性障碍;精神障碍;药物依赖;进食障碍;及儿科精神障碍),包括向所述哺乳动物给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物亦可用于改善记忆(短期及长期)及学习能力。
目前,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV-TR)第四版文本修订(2000年,美国精神病学协会(American Psychiatric Association),华盛顿D.C.)提供用于识别众多本文描述的疾病的诊断工具。本领域技术人员了解本文描述的疾病(包括在DMS-IV中描述的那些)存在替代命名法、疾病分类学及分类系统,而且所述术语及分类系统随着医学科学的进步而演进。
制剂
本发明化合物可经口给药。经口给药可包括吞咽,使得所述化合物进入胃肠道,或可采用含服或舌下给药,由此所述化合物直接从嘴进入血液。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物亦可直接给药至血液、肌肉、或内部器官中。肠胃外给药的适宜途径包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、胃内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内及皮下。肠胃外给药的适宜装置包括针(包括微型针)注射器、无针注射器及输注技术。
在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物亦可局部给药至皮肤或粘膜,即,皮肤或经皮。在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物亦可经鼻或藉由吸入给药。在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物可经直肠或阴道给药。在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物亦可直接给药至眼睛或耳朵。
化合物及/或含有所述化合物的组合物的剂量方案系基于各种因素,包括患者的类型、年龄、体重、性别及医学病症;症状严重性;给药途径;及采用的特定化合物的活性。由此剂量方案可广泛变化。约0.01mg至约100mg/千克体重/天的数量级剂量水平可用于治疗上文指出的症状。在一实施方案中,本发明化合物的总日剂量(一次或分次剂量给药)通常系约0.01至约100mg/kg。在另一实施方案中,本发明化合物的总日剂量系约0.1至约50mg/kg,及在另一实施方案中,约0.5至约30mg/kg(即,mg本发明化合物/kg体重)。在一实施方案中,剂量系0.01至10mg/kg/天。在另一实施方案中,剂量系0.1至1.0mg/kg/天。剂量单位组合物可包含这样的量或其约数以构成日剂量。在众多情况中,在一天中可重复数次(通常不超过4次)所述化合物的给药。若需要,通常可使用每天多个剂量以增加总日剂量。
用于经口给药的此类组合物优选呈包含0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100、125、150、175、200、250及500毫克活性成分的片剂形式提供,以对给予患者的剂量进行症状性调整。药剂通常含有约0.01mg至约500mg活性成分,或在另一实施方案中,含有约1mg至约100mg活性成分。在恒速输注期间,静脉内剂量可从约0.1至约10mg/kg/分钟变化。
根据本发明,适合的个体包括哺乳类个体。本发明的哺乳动物包括(但不限于)犬、猫、牛、山羊、马、绵羊、猪、啮齿动物、兔类动物、灵长类等等,及包括子宫内哺乳动物。在一实施方案中,人类系适合的个体。人类个体可系任一性别或于任何成长阶段。
在另一实施方案中,本发明包括一或多种本发明化合物在制备用于治疗本文指出的病症的药剂中的用途。
为治疗上文提及的病症,本发明化合物可作为化合物本身而给药。或者,由于其与母体化合物相比的更大水溶性,药学上可接受的盐适合于医学应用。
在另一实施方案中,本发明包括药物组合物。此类药物组合物包含与药学上可接受的载体一起提供的本发明化合物。所述载体可系固体、液体、或二者,且可与所述化合物调配为单位剂量组合物,例如,片剂,其可含有0.05重量%至95重量%活性化合物。本发明化合物可与作为可靶向的药物载体的适合聚合物偶联。亦可存在其他药学活性物质。
可藉由任何适合途径,优选地以适合此类途径的药物组合物的形式,并以对于预期的治疗有效的剂量给药本发明化合物。例如,可经口、经直肠、肠胃外、或局部给药活性化合物及组合物。
固体剂型的经口给药可系(例如)以离散单位存在,诸如硬或软胶囊、丸剂、扁囊剂、锭剂或片剂,各自含有预定量的至少一种本发明化合物。在另一实施方案中,经口给药可系以粉剂或颗粒剂形式。在另一实施方案中,口服剂型系舌下,诸如例如锭剂。在此类固体剂型中,本发明化合物一般与一或多种辅组结合。此类胶囊或锭剂可包括控释制剂。在胶囊、片剂及丸剂的情形下,所述剂型亦可包含缓冲剂或可以肠溶包衣制备。
在另一实施方案中,经口给药可系液体剂型。用于经口给药的液体剂型包括(例如)含有通常用于此项技术的惰性稀释剂(即水)的药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、混悬剂、糖浆及酏剂。此类组合物亦可包含辅剂,诸如湿润剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、调味剂(例如甜味)和/或芳香剂。
在另一实施方案中,本发明包括肠胃外剂型。“肠胃外给药”包括(例如)皮下注射、静脉内注射、腹膜内注射、肌肉内注射、胸骨内注射及输注。可根据已知技术使用适合的分散剂、湿润剂及/或助悬剂调配可注射制剂(即,无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液)。
在另一实施方案中,本发明包括局部剂型。“局部给药”包括(例如)经皮给药(诸如经由经皮贴片或离子导入装置)、眼内给药、或鼻内或吸入给药。用于局部给药的组合物亦包括(例如)局部用凝胶、喷雾剂、软膏及乳膏。局部制剂可包含增强活性成分透过皮肤或其他受影响区域的吸收或渗透的化合物。当本发明化合物藉由经皮装置给药时,可使用储库和多孔膜类型或固体基质类型的贴片完成给药。用于此目的的典型制剂包括凝胶、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液、乳膏、软膏、散粉、敷料、泡沫剂、膜剂、皮肤贴片、薄膜(wafer)、植入物、海绵、纤维、绷带及微乳液。亦可使用脂质体。典型载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体石蜡、白矿脂、甘油、聚乙二醇及丙二醇。可掺入渗透增强剂——参见,例如,Finnin及Morgan,J.Pharm.Sci.,88(10),955-958(1999)。
适合局部给药至眼睛的制剂包括(例如)其中本发明化合物溶于或悬浮在适合的载体中的滴眼液。适合用于经眼或耳给药的典型制剂可系在等渗、经pH调节的无菌盐水中的微粒化悬浮液或溶液滴剂形式。适合经眼及耳给药的其他制剂包括软膏、生物可降解(例如,可吸收凝胶海绵、胶原蛋白)及不可生物降解(例如,聚硅氧)植入物、薄膜、接触镜(len)及微粒或囊状系统,诸如微脂粒或脂质体。聚合物诸如交联聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、玻尿酸、纤维素聚合物(例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、或甲基纤维素)、或杂多醣聚合物(例如结冷胶)可与防腐剂(诸如苯扎氯铵)一起掺入。此类制剂亦可藉由离子导入法递送。
对于鼻内给药或藉由吸入给药而言,本发明的活性化合物方便地以来自由患者压出或抽出的泵喷雾容器的溶液或悬浮液形式递送,或作为从使用适合的抛射剂的加压容器或喷雾器的气溶胶喷雾呈现。适宜用于鼻内给药的制剂系通常从干燥粉末吸入器以干燥粉末形式(单独;作为混合物,例如与乳糖的干燥掺合物;或作为混合组分粒子,例如,与磷脂(诸如卵磷脂)混合)给药或作为来自加压容器、泵、喷雾、雾化器(优选使用电液动力学的雾化器以产生细雾)或喷雾器(使用或不使用适合的抛射剂(诸如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷))的气溶胶喷雾。对于鼻内使用而言,该粉末可包含生物黏附剂,例如,甲壳素或环糊精。
在另一实施方案中,本发明包括直肠剂型。此类直肠剂型可呈(例如)栓剂的形式。可可黄油系传统的栓剂基质,但若适当,可使用各种替代物。
亦可使用在医药技术中已知的其他载体材料及给药模式。可藉由任何熟知的药学技术(诸如有效调配及给药程序)来制备本发明药物组合物。上文有关有效调配及给药程序的考虑系本领域熟知的并描述于标准教科书中。药物调配系在(例如)Hoover,John E.,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania,1975;Liberman等人编,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Marcel Decker,New York,N.Y.,1980;及Kibbe等人编,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(第3版),美国医药协会,华盛顿,1999中讨论。
本发明化合物亦可单独或与其他治疗剂组合用于治疗各种症状或疾病状态。本发明化合物及其他治疗剂可同时(以相同剂型或以分开的剂型)或顺序给药。例示性治疗剂可系(例如)促代谢型谷氨酸受体激动剂。
二或多种化合物的“组合”给药意指在时间上足够紧密地给药两种化合物,使得一者的存在改变另一者的生物学效力。该二种或多种化合物可同时、同步(concurrrently)或顺序给药。此外,可藉由在给药前混合化合物,或藉由在相同时间点但在不同解剖部位或藉由不同给药途径给药化合物,来进行同时给药。
词组“同步给药(concurrent administration)”、”联合给药(co-administration)”、“同时给药”及“同时地给药”意指组合给药所述化合物。
本发明包括由本发明化合物提供的γ-分泌酶调节剂化合物及一或多种额外药学活性剂的组合的用途。若给药活性剂的组合,则其可以分开的剂型顺序或同时给药,或组合在单一剂型中。由此,本发明亦包括含有一定量的下列的药物组合物:(a)包括本发明化合物或所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐的第一药剂;(b)第二药学活性剂;及(c)药学上可接受的载体、媒剂或稀释剂。
可根据待治疗的疾病、病症或病患选择各种药学活性剂以与本发明化合物组合使用。可与本发明组合物组合使用的药学活性剂包括但不制于:
(i)乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,诸如盐酸多奈哌齐(donepezil hydrochloride)(ARICEPT、MEMAC)、水杨酸毒扁豆碱(physostigmine salicylate)(ANTILIRIUM)、硫酸毒扁豆碱(ESERINE)、美曲膦脂(metrifonate)、新斯的明(neostigmine)、更斯的明(ganstigmine)、吡啶斯的明(pyridostigmine)(MESTINON)、阿伯农(ambenonium)(MYTELASE)、得玛卡(demarcarium)、Debio9902(亦称为ZT-1;Debiopharm)、雷斯替明(rivastigmine)(EXELON)、拉多替吉(ladostigil)、NP-0361、氢溴酸加兰他敏(galantamine hydrobromide)(RAZADYNE、RIMINYL、NIVALIN)、他克林(tacrine)(COGNEX)、托塞啶(tolserine)、马来酸维吖啶(velnacrine maleate)、美莫喹恩(memoquin)、石杉碱A(HUP-A;NeuroHitech)、苯羟基丙胺酸(phenserine)、腾喜龙(edrophonium)(ENLON、TENSILON)及INM-176;
(ii)淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段),诸如共轭至泛HLA DR-结合抗原决定簇的Aβ1-15(PADRE)、ACC-001(Elan/Wyeth)、ACI-01、ACI-24、AN-1792、Affitope AD-01、CAD106及V-950;
(iii)淀粉样蛋白-β(或其片段)的抗体,诸如坡那珠单抗(ponezumab)、松兰珠单抗(solanezumab)、八平珠单抗(bapineuzumab)(亦称为AAB-001)、AAB-002(Wyeth/Elan)、ACI-01-Ab7、BAN-2401、静脉内Ig(GAMMAGARD)、LY2062430(人源化m266;Lilly)、R1450(Roche)、ACU-5A5、huC091,及在国际专利公开案第WO04/032868号、第WO05/025616号、第WO06/036291号、第WO06/069081号、第WO06/118959号、美国专利公开案第US2003/0073655号、第US2004/0192898号、第US2005/0048049号、第US2005/0019328号、欧洲专利公开案第EP0994728号及第1257584号,及美国专利第5,750,349号中所揭示的那些;
(iv)减少或抑制淀粉样蛋白的药剂(包括减少淀粉样蛋白产生、累积及纤维化的那些)诸如地美本(dimebon)、达伐替(davunetide)、依普沙特(eprodisate)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)、SK-PC-B70M、塞来考昔(celecoxib)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、阿那索斯(anapsos)、奥拉西坦(oxiracetam)、普拉西坦(pramiracetam)、伐尼克兰(varenicline)、尼麦角林(nicergoline)、初乳肽(colostrinin)、双诺色林(bisnorcymserine)(亦称为BNC)、NIC5-15(Humanetics)、E-2012(Eisai)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)、氯碘羟喹(clioquinol)(亦称为PBT1)、PBT2(Prana Biotechnology)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)(ANSAID,FROBEN)及其R-对映体他氟比尔(tarenflurbil)(FLURIZAN)、硝基氟比洛芬(nitroflurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)(FENOPRON、NALFON)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)(ADVIL、MOTRIN、NUROFEN)、布洛芬赖氨酸、甲芬那酸(meclofenamic acid)、甲芬那酸钠(MECLOMEN)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)(INDOCIN)、双氯芬酸钠(VOLTAREN)、双氯芬酸钾、舒林酸(sulindac)(CLINORIL)、硫化舒林酸、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)(DOLOBID)、萘普生(naproxen)(NAPROSYN)、萘普生钠(ANAPROX,ALEVE)、ARC031(Archer Pharmaceuticals)、CAD-106(Cytos)、LY450139(Lilly)、胰岛素降解酶(亦称为胰岛素酶)、银杏叶提取物EGb-761(ROKAN,TEBONIN)、曲米沙特(tramiprosate)(CEREBRIL,ALZHEMED)、依罗沙特(eprodisate)(FIBRILLEX,KIACTA)、化合物W(3,5-双(4-硝基苯氧基)苯甲酸)、NGX-96992、脑啡肽酶(neprilysin)(亦称为中性肽链内切酶(NEP))、鲨肌醇(scyllo-inositol)(亦称为青蟹肌醇(scyllitol))、阿伐他汀(atorvastatin)(LIPITOR)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)(ZOCOR)、KLVFF-(EEX)3、SKF-74652、甲磺酸伊布莫仑(ibutamoren mesylate)、BACE抑制剂诸如ASP-1702、SCH-745966、JNJ-715754、AMG-0683、AZ-12304146、BMS-782450、GSK-188909、NB-533、E2609及TTP-854;γ-分泌酶调节剂诸如ELND-007;及RAGE(晚期糖基化终产物受体)抑制剂,诸如TTP488(Transtech)及TTP4000(Transtech),及在美国专利第7,285,293号中所揭示的包括PTI-777的那些;
(v)α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,诸如胍法辛(guanfacine)(INTUNIV、TENEX)、可尼丁(clonidine)(CATAPRES)、阿拉明(metaraminol)(ARAMINE)、甲基多巴(methyldopa)(ALDOMET、DOPAMET、NOVOMEDOPA)、替扎尼定(tizanidine)(ZANAFLEX)、苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine)(亦称为新星奈佛林(neosynephrine))、甲氧胺、西拉唑啉(cirazoline)、胍法辛(guanfacine)(INTUNIV)、洛非西定(lofexidine)、甲苯噻嗪、莫达非尼(modafinil)(PROVIGIL)、阿屈非尼(adrafinil)及阿莫非尼(armodafinil)(NUVIGIL);
(vi)β-肾上腺素能受体阻断剂(β阻断剂),诸如卡替洛尔(carteolol)、艾司洛尓(esmolol)(BREVIBLOC)、拉贝洛尔(labetalol)(NORMODYNE、TRANDATE)、氧烯洛尔(oxprenolol)(LARACOR,TRASACOR)、心得乐(pindolol)(VISKEN)、普萘洛尔(propanolol)(INDERAL)、索他洛尔(sotalol)(BETAPACE,SOTALEX,SOTACOR)、噻吗咯尔(timolol)(BLOCADREN、TIMOPTIC)、醋丁洛尔(acebutolol)(SECTRAL、PRENT)、纳多洛尔(nadolol)(CORGARD)、酒石酸美托洛尔(metoprolol tartrate)(LOPRESSOR)、琥珀酸美托洛尔(metoprolol succinate)(TOPROL-XL)、阿替洛尔(atenolol)(TENORMIN)、布托沙明(butoxamine)及SR 59230A(Sanofi);
(vii)抗胆碱能剂,诸如阿米曲替林(amitriptyline)(ELAVIL、ENDEP)、布替林(butriptyline)、甲磺酸苯扎托品(benztropine mesylate)(COGENTIN)、三己芬迪(trihexyphenidyl)(ARTANE)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)(BENADRYL)、邻甲苯海明(orphenadrine)(NORFLEX)、莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)、阿托品(atropine)(ATROPEN)、东莨菪碱(scopolamine)(TRANSDERM-SCOP)、甲基溴化东莨菪碱(scopolamine methylbromide)(PARMINE)、双环维林(dicycloverine)(BENTYL、BYCLOMINE、DIBENT、DILOMINE)、托特罗定(tolterodine)(DETROL)、奥昔布宁(oxybutynin)(DITROPAN、LYRINEL XL、OXYTROL)、溴化环戊噻吩(penthienate bromide)、丙胺太林(propantheline)(PRO-BANTHINE)、赛克利嗪(cyclizine)、盐酸托法尼(imipramine hydrochloride)(TOFRANIL)、马来酸丙咪嗪(imipramine maleate)(SURMONTIL)、洛非帕明(lofepramine)、地昔帕明(desipramine)(NORPRAMIN)、多塞平(doxepin)(SINEQUAN,ZONALON)、三甲丙咪嗪(trimipramine)(SURMONTIL)及胃长宁(glycopyrrolate)(ROBINUL);
(vii)抗惊厥剂,诸如卡马西平(carbamazepine)(TEGRETOL,CARBATROL)、奥卡西平(oxcarbazepine)(TRILEPTAL)、苯妥英钠(phenytoin sodium)(PHENYTEK)、磷苯妥英(fosphenytoin)(CEREBYX,PRODILANTIN)、α-正丙基戊酸钠二聚物(divalproex sodium)(DEPAKOTE)、加巴喷丁(gabapentin)(NEURONTIN)、普加巴林(pregabalin)(LYRICA)、topirimate(TOPAMAX)、丙戊酸(valproic acid)(DEPAKENE)、丙戊酸钠(DEPACON)、1-苄基-5-溴尿嘧啶、普罗加胺(progabide)、贝克拉胺(beclamide)、唑尼沙胺(zonisamide)(TRERIEF、EXCEGRAN)、CP-465022、瑞替加滨(retigabine)、他仑帕奈(talampanel)及普里米酮(primidone)(MYSOLINE);
(ix)抗精神病药,诸如鲁拉西酮(lurasidone)(LATUDA亦称为SM-13496;Dainippon Sumitomo)、阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)(ABILIFY)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)(THORAZINE)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)(HALDOL)、伊洛培酮(iloperidone)(FANAPTA)、癸酸三氟噻吨(flupentixol decanoate)(DEPIXOL,FLUANXOL)、血安平(reserpine)(SERPLAN)、匹莫齐特(pimozide)(ORAP)、癸酸氟非那嗪(fluphenazine decanoate)、盐酸氟奋乃静(fluphenazine hydrochloride)、丙氯拉嗪(prochlorperazine)(COMPRO)、氯氧平(asenapine)(SAPHRIS)、洛沙平(loxapine)(LOXITANE)、吗茚酮(molindone)(MOBAN)、羟哌氯丙嗪(perphenazine)、硫利哒嗪(thioridazine)、甲哌硫丙硫蒽(thiothixine)、三氟啦嗪(trifluoperazine)(STELAZINE)、雷美尔通(ramelteon)、氯氮平(clozapine)(CLOZARIL)、去甲氯氮平(norclozapine)(ACP-104)、利培酮(risperidone)(RISPERDAL)、帕利哌酮(paliperidone)(INVEGA)、美哌隆(melperone)、奥兰扎平(olanzapine)(ZYPREXA)、奎硫平(quetiapine)(SEROQUEL)、他奈坦(talnetant)、阿米舒必利(amisulpride)、齐拉西酮(ziprasidone)(GEODON)、布南色林(blonanserin)(LONASEN)及ACP-103(Acadia Pharmaceuticals);
(x)钙离子通道阻断剂,诸如洛美利嗪(lomerizine)、齐考诺肽(ziconotide)、尼伐地平(nilvadipine)(ESCOR,NIVADIL)、地帕地平(diperdipine)、阿莫地平(amlodipine)(NORVASC,ISTIN,AMLODIN)、非洛地平(felodipine)(PLENDIL)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)(CARDENE)、利心平(nifedipine)(ADALAT、PROCARDIA)、MEM 1003及其母体化合物尼莫地平(nimodipine)(NIMOTOP)、尼索地平(nisoldipine)(SULAR)、尼群地平(nitrendipine)、拉西地平(lacidipine)(LACIPIL,MOTENS)、乐卡地平(lercanidipine)(ZANIDIP)、利法里嗪(lifarizine)、地尔硫(diltiazem)(CARDIZEM)、异搏定(verapamil)(CALAN,VERELAN)、AR-R 18565(AstraZeneca)及尼卡丁(enecadin);
(xi)儿茶酚对甲基转移酶(COMT)抑制剂,诸如硝替卡朋(nitecapone)、托卡朋(tolcapone)(TASMAR)、恩他卡朋(entacapone)(COMTAN)及托酚酮(tropolone);
(xii)中枢神经系统刺激剂,诸如托莫西汀(atomoxetine)、瑞波西汀(reboxetine)、壮阳碱(yohimbine)、咖啡因(caffeine)、苯甲吗啉(phenmetrazine)、苯甲曲秦(phendimetrazine)、苯异妥英(pemoline)、芬坎法明(fencamfamine)(GLUCOENERGAN,REACTIVAN)、芬乙茶碱(fenethylline)(CAPTAGON)、哌苯甲醇(pipradol)(MERETRAN)、地阿诺(deanol)(亦称为二甲基氨基甲醇)、利他林(methylphenidate)(DAYTRANA)、盐酸哌甲酯(methylphenidate hydrochloride)(RITALIN)、右哌甲酯(dexmethylphenidate)(FOCALIN)、安非他明(amphetamine)(单独或与其他CNS刺激物结合,例如ADDERALL(天冬氨酸安非他明、硫酸安非他明、糖酸右旋安非他明及硫酸右旋安非他明))、硫酸右旋安非他明(DEXEDRINE,DEXTROSTAT)、甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine)(DESOXYN)、赖非他明(lisdexamfetamine)(VYVANSE)及苄非他明(benzphetamine)(DIDREX);
(xiii)皮质类固醇,诸如普赖松(prednisone)(STERAPRED,DELTASONE)、强的松(prednisolone)(PRELONE)、强的松乙酸盐(OMNIPRED、PRED MILD、PRED FORTE)、强的松磷酸钠(ORAPRED ODT)、甲基强的松(MEDROL);甲基强的松乙酸盐(DEPO-MEDROL)及甲基强的松琥珀酸钠(A-METHAPRED,SOLU-MEDROL);
(xiv)多巴胺受体激动剂,诸如阿朴吗啡(apomorphine)(APOKYN)、溴麦角隐亭(bromocriptine)(PARLODEL)、卡麦角林(cabergoline)(DOSTINEX)、二氢西丁(dihydrexidine)、二氢麦角隐亭(dihydroergocryptine)、非诺多泮(fenoldopam)(CORLOPAM)、麦角乙脲(lisuride)(DOPERGIN)、特他洛尔培高利特(terguridespergolide)(PERMAX)、吡贝地尔(piribedil)(TRIVASTAL,TRASTAL)、普拉克索(pramipexole)(MIRAPEX)、喹吡罗(quinpirole)、罗匹尼罗(ropinirole)(REQUIP)、罗替戈汀(rotigotine)(NEUPRO)、SKF-82958(GlaxoSmithKline)、卡利拉嗪(cariprazine)、帕多卢诺(pardoprunox)及沙立佐坦(sarizotan);
(xv)多巴胺受体拮抗剂,诸如氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静(fluphenazine)、易宁优(haloperidol)、洛克塞平(loxapine)、理思必妥(risperidone)、硫利哒嗪(thioridazine)、替沃吨(thiothixene)、三氟拉(trifluoperazine)、四苯喹嗪(tetrabenazine)(NITOMAN、XENAZINE)、7-羟基氯氧平、氟哌利多(droperidol)(INAPSINE、DRIDOL、DROPLETAN)、多潘立酮(domperidone)(MOTILIUM)、L-741742、L-745870、奎丙灵(raclopride)、SB-277011A、SCH-23390、依考匹泮(ecopipam)、SKF-83566及甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)(REGLAN);
(xvi)多巴胺再吸收抑制剂,诸如安非他酮(bupropion)、沙芬酰胺(safinamide)、马来酸诺米芬新(nomifensine maleate)(MERITAL)、伐诺司林(vanoxerine)(亦称为GBR-12909)及其癸酸酯DBL-583及阿米庚酸(amineptine);
(xvii)γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体激动剂,诸如巴氯芬(baclofen)(LIORESAL、KEMSTRO)、丝洛芬(siclofen)、戊巴比妥(pentobarbital)(NEMBUTAL)、普罗加胺(progabide)(GABRENE)及氯美噻唑(clomethiazole);
(xviii)组织胺3(H3)拮抗剂,诸如环丙沙芬(ciproxifan)、盐酸替洛利(tiprolisant)、S-38093、依达双沙(irdabisant)、匹托利沙(pitolisant)、GSK-239512、GSK-207040、JNJ-5207852、JNJ-17216498、HPP-404、SAR-110894、反-N-乙基-3-氟-3-[3-氟-4-(吡咯烷-1-基甲基)苯基]环丁烷甲酰胺(PF-3654746及揭示于美国专利公开案第US2005-0043354号、第US2005-0267095号、第US2005-0256135号、第US2008-0096955号、第US2007-1079175号及第US2008-0176925号;国际专利公开案第WO2006/136924号、第WO2007/063385号、第WO2007/069053号、第WO2007/088450号、第WO2007/099423号、第WO2007/105053号、第WO2007/138431号及第WO2007/088462号;及美国专利第7,115,600号中的那些);
(xix)免疫调节剂,诸如醋酸格拉替美(glatiramer acetate)(亦称为共聚体-1;COPAXONE)、MBP-8298(合成髓鞘碱性蛋白肽)、富马酸二甲酯、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)(亦称为FTY720)、罗喹美克(roquinimex)(LINOMIDE)、拉喹莫德(laquinimod)(亦称为ABR-215062及SAIK-MS)、ABT-874(人类抗-IL-12抗体;Abbott)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)(RITUXAN)、阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)(CAMPATH)、达克珠单抗(daclizumab)(ZENAPAX)及那他珠单抗(natalizumab)(TYSABRI);
(xx)免疫抑制剂,诸如氨甲蝶呤(methotrexate)(TREXALL,RHEUMATREX)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)(NOVANTRONE)、吗替麦考酚酯(mycophenolate mofetil)(CELLCEPT)、霉酚酸钠(mycophenolate sodium)(MYFORTIC)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)(AZASAN、IMURAN)、巯基嘌呤(mercaptopurine)(PURI-NETHOL)、环磷酰胺(NEOSAR,CYTOXAN)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)(LEUKERAN)、克拉屈滨(cladribine)(LEUSTATIN,MYLINAX)、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein)、依那西普(etanercept)(ENBREL)及4-(苄氧基)-5-[(5-十一烷基-2H-吡咯-2-亚基)甲基]-1H,1'H-2,2'-联吡咯(亦称为PNU-156804);
(xxi)干扰素,包括干扰素β-1a(AVONEX,REBIF)及干扰素β-1b(BETASERON、BETAFERON);
(xxii)左旋多巴(或其甲酯或乙酯),单独或与DOPA脱羧酶抑制剂(例如,卡比多巴(carbidopa)(SINEMET,CARBILEV,PARCOPA)、苄丝肼(benserazide)(MADOPAR)、α-甲基多巴、单氟甲基多巴、二氟甲基多巴、溴克立辛(brocresine)、或m-羟基苄基肼)组合;
(xxiii)N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,诸如美金刚(memantine)(NAMENDA,AXURA,EBIXA)、金刚烷胺(amantadine)(SYMMETREL)、阿坎酸(acamprosate)(CAMPRAL)、贝生罗地(besonprodil)、克他命(ketamine)(KETALAR)、德芦西明(delucemine)、地塞比诺(dexanabinol)、右依法克生(dexefaroxan)、右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)、去甲右美沙芬(dextrorphan)、曲索罗地(traxoprodil)、CP-283097、荷美坦(himantane)、依达他多(idantadol)、伊培沙宗(ipenoxazone)、L-701252(Merck)、兰西明(lancicemine)、左吗啡(levorphanol)(DROMORAN)、LY-233536及LY-235959(均Lilly)、美沙酮(methadone)(DOLOPHINE)、奈拉美生(neramexane)、培净福太(perzinfotel)、苯环己哌啶(phencyclidine)、噻奈普汀(tianeptine)(STABLON)、地佐环平(dizocilpine)(亦称为MK-801)、EAB-318(Wyeth)、伊菠加因(ibogaine)、老刺木碱(voacangine)、替来他明(tiletamine)、瑞鲁左乐(riluzole)(RILUTEK)、阿替加奈(aptiganel)(CERES0TAT)、加维斯替奈(gavestinel)及瑞马西胺(remacimide);
(xxiv)单胺氧化酶(MAO)抑制剂,诸如司来吉兰(selegiline)(EMSAM)、盐酸司来吉兰(塞利吉林)(L-deprenyl、ELDEPRYL、ZELAPAR)、去甲基司来吉兰、溴法罗明(brofaromine)、苯乙肼(phenelzine)(NARDIL)、反苯环丙胺(tranylcypromine)(PARNATE)、吗氯贝胺(moclobemide)(AURORIX,MANERIX)、贝氟沙通(befloxatone)、沙芬酰胺(safinamide)、异噁唑酰肼(isocarboxazid)(MARPLAN)、烟肼酰胺(nialamide)(NIAMID)、雷沙吉兰(rasagiline)(AZILECT)、异烟酰异丙肼(iproniazid)(MARSILID,IPROZID,IPRONID)、CHF-3381(Chiesi Farmaceutici)、异丙氯肼(iproclozide)、托洛沙酮(toloxatone)(HUMORYL、PERENUM)、二苯美仑(bifemelane)、脱氧瓦丝素(desoxypeganine)、去氢骆驼蓬碱(harmine)(亦称为骆驼蓬碱(telepathine)或巴那特林(banasterine))、二氢骆驼蓬碱(harmaline)、利奈唑胺(linezolid)(ZYVOX,ZYVOXID)及巴吉林(pargyline)(EUDATIN、SUPIRDYL);
(xxv)毒蕈碱受体(特别是M1亚型)激动剂,诸如西维美林(cevimeline)、左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam)、氯贝胆碱(bethanechol chloride)(DUVOID,URECHOLINE)、伊他美林(itameline)、毛果芸香碱(pilocarpine)(SALAGEN)、NGX267、槟榔碱(arecoline)、L-687306(Merck)、L-689660(Merck)、呋索碘铵(furtrethonium iodide)(FURAMON,FURANOL)、苯磺酸呋索铵(furtrethonium benzensul-fonate)、对甲苯磺酸呋索铵(furtrethonium p-toluenesulfonate)、McN-A-343、氧化震颤素(oxotremorine)、沙可美林(sabcomeline)、AC-90222(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)及卡巴可(carbachol)(CARBASTAT,MIOSTAT,CARBOPTIC);
(xxvi)神经保护药物,诸如伯舒替尼(bosutinib)、硫酸软骨素酶(condoliase)、爱莫克尔(airmoclomol)、拉莫三嗪(lamotrigine)、吡仑帕萘(perampanel)、茴拉西坦(aniracetam)、迷那普明(minaprime)、2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-咔唑-3-酮肟、去氨普酶(desmoteplase)、阿那替巴(anatibant)、虾青素(astaxanthin)、神经肽NAP(例如AL-108及AL-208;均获自Allon Therapeutics)、神经斯妥(neurostrol)、派拉朋耐(perampenel)、异丙克兰(ispronicline)、双(4-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基苄基)-2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-异丁基酒石酸盐(亦称为达罗林素B(dactylorhin B)或DHB)、氟美巴汀(formobactin)、扎利罗登(xaliproden)(XAPRILA)、乳胞素(lactacystin)、盐酸二美伯林(dimebolinehydrochloride)(DIMEBON)、地舒芬通(disufenton)(CEROVIVE)、阿伦酸(arundic acid)(ONO-2506,PROGLIA,CEREACT)、胞磷胆碱(citicoline)(亦称为胞苷5’-二磷酸胆碱)、依达拉奉(edaravone)(RADICUT)、AEOL-10113及AEOL-10150(均获自AeolusPharmaceuticals)、AGY-94806(亦称为SA-450及Msc-1)、粒细胞群落刺激因子(亦称为AX-200)、BAY-38-7271(亦称为KN-387271;Bayer AG)、安克洛酶(ancrod)(VIPRINEX,ARWIN)、DP-b99(D-Pharm Ltd)、HF-0220(17-β-羟基表雄酮(epiandrosterone);NewronPharmaceuticals)、HF-0420(亦称为寡托品(oligotropin))、5'-磷酸吡哆醛(亦称为MC-1)、微纤维蛋白溶酶、S-18986、吡氯佐坦(piclozotan)、NP031112、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、L-丝氨酰基-L-甲硫氨酰基-L-丙氨酰基-L-赖氨酰基-L-谷氨酰基-甘氨酰基-L-缬氨酸、AC-184897(Acadia Pharmaceuticals)、ADNF-14(National Institutes of Health)、乙烯二薁基硝酮(stilbazulenyl nitrone)、SUN-N8075(Daiichi Suntory BiomedicalResearch)及唑南帕奈(zonampanel);
(xxvii)烟碱受体激动剂,诸如地棘蛙素(epibatidine)、安非他酮(bupropion)、CP-601927、伐尼克兰(varenicline)、ABT-089(Abbott)、ABT-594、AZD-0328(AstraZeneca)、EVP-6124、R3487(亦称为MEM3454;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals)、R4996(亦称为MEM63908;Roche/Memory Pharmaceuticals)、TC-4959及TC-5619(均获自Targacept)及RJR-2403;
(xxviii)去甲肾上腺素(降肾上腺素)再吸收抑制剂,诸如阿托西汀(atomoxetine)(STRATTERA)、多塞平(doxepin)(APONAL,ADAPIN,SINEQUAN)、去甲替林(nortriptyline)(AVENTYL,PAMELOR,NORTRILEN)、阿莫沙平(amoxapine)(ASENDIN,DEMOLOX,MOXIDIL)、瑞波西汀(reboxetine)(EDRONAX,VESTRA)、维洛沙嗪(viloxazine)(VIVALAN)、麦普替林(maprotiline)(DEPRILEPT、LUDIOMIL、PSYMION)、安非他酮(bupropion)(WELLBUTRIN)及雷达法辛(radaxafine);
(xxix)磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂,包括(但不限于),(a)PDE1抑制剂(例如长春西汀(vinpocetine)(CAVINTON、CERACTIN、INTELECTOL)及揭示于美国专利第6,235,742号中者),(b)PDE2抑制剂(例如赤-9-(2-羟基-3-壬基)腺嘌呤(EHNA),BAY 60-7550,及揭示于美国专利第6,174,884号中的那些),(c)PDE3抑制剂(例如阿那格雷(anagrelide)、西洛他唑(cilostazol)、米立农(milrinone)、奥普力农(olprinone)、帕罗格列(parogrelil)及匹莫苯丹(pimobendan)),(d)PDE4抑制剂(例如,阿普司特(apremilast)、异丁司特(ibudilast)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、咯利普兰(rolipram)、Ro 20-1724、异丁司特(ibudilast)(KETAS)、吡拉米司特(piclamilast)(亦称为RP73401)、CDP840、西洛司特(cilomilast)(ARIFLO)、罗氟司特(roflumilast)、替普司特(tofimilast)、格力司特(oglemilast)(亦称为GRC 3886)、替托司特(tetomilast)(亦称为OPC-6535)、力瑞司特(lirimifast)、茶碱(theophylline)(UNIPHYL,THEOLAIR)、阿罗茶碱(arofylline)(亦称为LAS-31025)、多索茶碱(doxofylline)、RPR-122818、或松叶菊碱(mesembrine)),及(e)PDE5抑制剂(例如,西地那非(sildenafil)(VIAGRA、REVATIO)、他达拉非(tadalafil)(CIALIS)、伐地那非(vardenafil)(LEVITRA、VIVANZA)、乌地那非(udenafil)、阿伐那非(avanafil)、阿斯达莫(dipyridamole)(PERSANTINE)、E-4010、E-4021、E-8010、扎普司特(zaprinast)、西地那非(iodenafil)、米罗那非(mirodenafil)、DA-8159及揭示于国际专利申请案WO2002/020521、WO2005/049616、WO2006/120552、WO2006/126081、WO2006/126082、WO2006/126083及WO2007/122466中的那些),(f)PDE7抑制剂;(g)PDE8抑制剂;(h)PDE9抑制剂(例如,BAY 73-6691(Bayer AG)及揭示于美国专利公开案第US2003/0195205号、第US2004/0220186号、第US2006/0111372号、第US2006/0106035号及第USSN 12/118,062号(2008年5月9日申请)中的那些),(i)PDE10抑制剂诸如2-({4-[1-甲基-4-(吡啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]苯氧基}甲基)喹啉(PF-2545920)及SCH-1518291,及(j)PDE11抑制剂;
(xxx)喹啉类,诸如奎宁(包括其盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐及葡萄糖酸盐)、氯喹、甲氯喹、羟基氯喹(PLAQUENIL)、甲氟喹(LARIAM)及胺二喹(CAMOQUIN,FLAVOQUINE);
(xxxi)β-分泌酶抑制剂,诸如ASP-1702、SCH-745966、JNJ-715754、AMG-0683、AZ-12304146、BMS-782450、GSK-188909、NB-533、LY-2886721、E-2609、HPP-854、phenserinetartrate(POSIPHEN)、LSN-2434074(亦称为LY-2434074)、KMI-574、SCH-745966、Ac-rER(N2-乙酰基-D-精氨酰基-L-精氨酸)、洛伐他汀(loxistatin)(亦称为E64d)及CA074Me;
(xxxii)γ-分泌酶抑制剂及调节剂,诸如BMS-708163(Avagacest)、WO20060430064(Merck)、DSP8658(Dainippon)、ITI-009、L-685458(Merck)、ELAN-G、ELAN-Z、4-氯-N-[2-乙基-1(S)-(羟甲基)丁基]苯磺酰胺;
(xxxiii)血清素(5-羟色胺)1A(5-HT1A)受体拮抗剂,诸如螺旋哌丁苯(spiperone)、左吲哚洛尔(levo-pindolol)、BMY 7378、NAD-299、S(-)-UH-301、NAN 190、来考佐坦(lecozotan);
(xxxiv)血清素(5-羟色胺)2C(5-HT2c)受体激动剂,诸如戊卡色林(vabicaserin)及扎卡那平(zicronapine);
(xxxv)血清素(5-羟色胺)4(5-HT4)受体激动剂,诸如PRX-03140(Epix);
(xxxvi)血清素(5-羟色胺)6(5-HT6)受体激动拮抗剂,诸如A-964324、AVI-101、AVN-211、米安舍林(mianserin)(TORVOL,BOLVIDON,NORVAL)、美赛西平(methiothepin)(亦称为甲替平(metitepine))、利坦色林(ritanserin)、ALX-1161、ALX-1175、MS-245、LY-483518(亦称为SGS518;Lilly)、MS-245、Ro 04-6790、Ro 43-68544、Ro 63-0563、Ro 65-7199、Ro 65-7674、SB-399885、SB-214111、SB-258510、SB-271046、SB-357134、SB-699929、SB-271046、SB-742457(GlaxoSmithKline)、Lu AE58054(Lundbeck A/S)及PRX-07034(Epix);
(xxxvii)血清素(5-HT)再吸收抑制剂,诸如阿拉丙酯(alaproclate)、西酞普兰(citalopram)(CELEXA,CIPRAMIL)、依他普仑(escitalopram)(LEXAPRO、CIPRALEX)、氯丙咪嗪(clomipramine)(ANAFRANIL)、度洛西汀(duloxetine)(CYMBALTA)、非莫西汀(femoxetine)(MALEXIL)、苯氟拉明(fenfluramine)(PONDIMIN)、诺苯氟拉明(norfenfluramine)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)(PROZAC)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)(LUVOX)、吲达品(indalpine)、米那普仑(milnacipran)(IXEL)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)(PAXIL,SEROXAT)、舍曲林(sertraline)(ZOLOFT,LUSTRAL)、曲唑酮(trazodone)(DESYREL,MOLIPAXIN)、文拉法新(venlafaxine)(EFFEXOR)、齐美利定(zimelidine)(NORMUD,ZELMID)、比西发定(bicifadine)、去甲文拉法辛(desvenlafaxine)(PRISTIQ)、布索芬新(brasofensine)、维拉佐酮(vilazodone)、卡利拉嗪(cariprazine)、神经干细胞及特索芬辛(tesofensine);
(xxxviii)营养因子,诸如神经生长因子(NGF)、碱性纤维母细胞生长因子(bFGF;ERSOFERMIN)、神经营养素-3(NT-3)、心肌营养素-1、脑源性神经营养素(BDNF)、神经胚素、镍纹蛋白及胶质细胞源性神经营养素(GDNF),及刺激营养因子产生的药剂,诸如丙戊茶碱(propentofylline)、艾地苯醌(idebenone)、PYM50028(COGANE;Phytopharm)及AIT-082(NEOTROFIN);
(xxxix)甘氨酸转运蛋白-1抑制剂,诸如帕利伏汀(paliflutine)、ORG-25935、JNJ-17305600及ORG-26041;
(xl)AMPA-型谷氨酸受体调节剂,诸如吡仑帕奈(perampanel)、米巴帕他(mibampator)、瑟卢雷帕(selurampanel)、GSK-729327及N-{(3S,4S)-4-[4-(5-氰基噻吩-2-基)苯氧基]四氢呋喃-3-基}丙烷-2-磺酰胺;
等等。
本发明进一步包括适合用于进行上文描述的治疗方法的药盒。在一实施方案中,所述药盒含有第一剂型及所述剂型的容器,所述第一剂型包含足以进行本发明方法的量的一或多种本发明化合物。
在另一实施方案中,本发明的药盒包含一或多种本发明化合物。
可藉由下文描述的方法连同在有机化学领域中熟知的合成方法、或为本领域技术人员熟知的改良及衍生来制备本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本文使用的起始材料系市售或可藉由本领域熟知的常规方法(诸如那些揭示于标准参考书诸如Compendium ofOrganic Synthetic Methods,第I至XII卷(由Wiley-Interscience出版)的方法)制备。优选的方法包括(但不限于)下文描述的那些。
在任何以下合成顺序期间,可能需要和/或期望保护在任何相关分子上的敏感或反应性基团。这可藉由习知的保护基(诸如描述于T.W.Greene,Protective Groups inOrganic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1981;T.W.Greene与P.G.M.Wuts,ProtectiveGroups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1991;及T.W.Greene与P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,John Wiley&Sons,1999中的那些,其通过援引加入本文)实现。
可根据本文下文讨论的反应路线制备本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。除非另作说明,否则在所述路线中的取代基系如上文定义。可通过化学领域的普通技术人员熟知的标准程序实现产物的分离及纯化。
本领域技术人员会了解,用于所述路线、方法及实例的各种符号、上标及下标系所出于便于表示和/或反映将其引入所述路线的顺序而使用的,并非意在必须对应随附的权利要求中的符号、上标或下标。所述路线系用于合成本发明化合物的方法的代表。它们并非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
路线
当用于合成本发明化合物的中间体包含碱性中心时,其适合的酸加成盐可用于合成途径。此类适合的加成盐包括(但不限于)衍生自以下的那些:无机酸,诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、氢碘酸、硼酸、氟硼酸、磷酸、硝酸、碳酸及硫酸,及有机酸,诸如乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、乳酸、马来酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、琥珀酸、甲苯磺酸及三氟乙酸。适合的有机酸一般包括(但不限于)脂族酸、环脂族酸、芳族酸、芳脂族酸、杂环酸、羧酸及磺酸类的有机酸。
适合的有机酸的特定实例包括(但不限于)乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、苯甲酸盐、对羟基苯甲酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、己二酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、环戊丙酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、特戊酸盐及十一烷酸盐。
此外,若用于制备本发明化合物的中间体具有酸性部分,其适合的盐可用于合成。此类盐包括碱金属盐(例如,锂、钠或钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙或镁盐);及与适合的有机配体(诸如胺或季铵阳离子)形成的盐。此类酸性中间体的有机盐可由伯胺、仲胺或叔胺诸如甲胺、二乙胺、乙二胺或三甲胺制备。可藉由叔胺与诸如低级烷基(C1-C6)卤化物(例如,甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物)、二烷基硫酸盐(例如,二甲基、二乙基、二丁基及二戊基硫酸盐)、芳基烷基卤化物(例如,苄基及苯乙基溴化物)等的试剂来制备季胺。
路线1
上文路线1阐明用于制备式I描绘的化合物的一合成顺序。在如图描绘的合成的初始步骤中,在诸如盐酸的酸水溶液的存在下,加热式1.1化合物的适合的酯(其中R1通常系(C1-C6)烷基,诸如甲基、乙基、叔丁基等等)以获得对应的式1.2的吡啶酮酸。在此初始步骤期间,式1.1的R1-X、R6及R7取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。例如,可采用反应路线1制备实施例1的终产物,其中R1由甲基表示,X系由咪唑基表示,且式1.1的R6及R7各自由氢表示。
接着,使用适当的酰胺偶联剂诸如HATU[O-(7-偶氮苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐],使式1.2的酸中间体经历与式1.3的氨基醇的酰胺偶联和原位环化反应。该反应在诸如N,N-二异丙基乙胺的适合的碱存在下,在诸如二氯甲烷中或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂中进行。在此步骤期间,式1.3的y应由如终产物所期望的整数表示,A、R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a、R5b取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。例如,可采用反应路线1制备实施例1的终产物,其中R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自系氢,y系1,A表示5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基。
路线2
路线2阐明用于制备式I化合物的另一合成顺序。使用为本领域技术人员所知的众多还原性胺化方案之一,式2.1的氯醛与式2.2的胺的反应获得式2.3的氯烷胺。例如,此反应可藉由使用诸如三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠的还原剂,在诸如甲醇的适合溶剂中进行。在此步骤期间,式2.2的胺的y应由如终产物所期望的整数表示。式2.1的R5a及R5b取代基及式2.2的胺的A、R2a及R2b取代基亦应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。
在纯化后,可分离所得式2.3的氯烷胺并作为其盐酸盐储存。可随后藉由在诸如二氯甲烷的溶剂中,用适合的酰胺偶联剂(诸如BOP-Cl[双(2-氧-3-噁唑烷基)膦酰氯]、T3P[2,4,6-三丙基-1,3,5,2,4,6-三氧三磷杂环己烷2,4,6-三氧化物]或HATU(优选HATU))处理式2.3的氯烷胺、式1.2的酸(路线1)及诸如N,N-二异丙基乙胺的碱的混合物来制备式I的最终化合物。在此步骤期间,式1.2的R1-X、R6及R7取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。
路线3
路线3表示本领域技术人员可容易设想和开发的用于制备式1.3的氨基醇的若干合成顺序。例如,式1.3的氨基醇可藉由使用为本领域技术人员熟知的众多程序之一进行式3.1的酮与式2.2的胺的还原性胺化反应来制备。
另一方法包括式3.2的醛与式2.2的胺的还原性胺化反应,接着藉由使用适合的程序(包括以甲醇氯化氢或四丁基氟化铵处理)移除叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基(TBS)保护基。
用于合成式1.3的氨基醇的另一方法包括式3.3的胺与式3.4的卤化物或甲磺酸酯的烷基化。
又一方法包括式2.2的胺与式3.5的溴醇的烷基化。合成各种式2.2的胺的方法以及制备式1.3的氨基醇的替代方法在实验部分中例示。
采用这些公开内容结合本领域普遍已知的技术,本领域技术人员可进一步概括那些合成,以容许获得各种式2.2的胺及式1.3的氨基醇,包括、但不限于这样的变型,其中y由如终产物所期望的整数表示,A、R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b取代基由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。
路线4
路线4阐明用于制备式1.1的化合物(其中R1-X=4-甲基咪唑-1-基或3-甲基三唑-1-基)的一合成顺序。使用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)在诸如DMSO与水的混合物的溶剂中溴化式4.1的3-氨基吡啶化合物。在此初始步骤期间,R6及R7取代基由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。随后与甲醇钠一起在诸如1,4-二噁烷的适合溶剂中加热所得式4.2的中间体以获得式4.3的甲氧基化合物。随后使用乙酸酐与甲酸的混合物处理式4.3的中间体以获得式4.4的甲酰胺,其在碘化钾及诸如碳酸铯的碱的存在下,在诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的适合溶剂中用氯丙酮烷基化。随后在NH4OAc的存在下,于乙酸中加热所得式4.5的中间体以提供式4.6的咪唑衍生物。最终,可藉由使式4.6的中间体进行羰基化/酯化反应来制备式1.1的化合物。可藉由在诸如Pd(dppf)Cl2·二氯甲烷{[1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II),二氯甲烷复合物}的适合的钯催化剂的存在下,在CO气氛下加热式4.6的溴化物与诸如三乙胺的碱在适合的醇溶剂(“ROH”)(其中R通常系(C1-C6)烷基,诸如甲基或乙基)中的溶液,进行此转化以获得式1.1的酯。
路线5
A)铃木(Suzuki)偶联:R1X-B(OH)2,“Pd”,碱
B)CH-活化:“Pd”,5元杂芳基,诸如
提供式1.1的化合物,其中R1-X-系
C)Chan-Lam偶联:Cu2O或Cu(OAc)2,5元杂芳基诸如
提供式1.1的化合物,其中R1-X-系
D)铃木偶联:R1X-Br,“Pd”,碱
其中X=5至6元杂芳基环
路线5描绘用于制备式1.1的化合物的替代合成顺序。在第一步骤中,使用诸如mCPBA[3-氯过氧苯甲酸]的氧化剂,在诸如二氯乙烷的适合溶剂中氧化式5.1的吡啶基衍生物以获得对应的式5.2的N-氧化物。在此初始步骤期间,式5.1的R6及R7取代基由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。随后在TMSCN[三甲基甲硅烷基氰化物]及诸如三乙胺的碱的存在下,在诸如乙腈的溶剂中加热式5.2的N-氧化物以获得式5.3的腈中间体。可随后由式5.3在两个步骤中藉由使式5.3经在诸如THF的溶剂中的甲醇钠,接着以适合的醇溶剂(“ROH”)(其中R通常系(C1-C6)烷基诸如甲基、乙基等)及诸如盐酸的酸处理,制备对应的酯。式5.5的酯系容许引入各种杂环R1-X的通用中间体。例如,式5.5可使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法[参见Tetrahedron 2002,58,9633-9695]进行与杂芳基硼酸的铃木偶联。或者,可使用直接芳基化途径[参见D.Lapointe等人,J.Org.Chem.2011,76,749-759,及其中的参考文献]将式5.5化合物偶联至杂环X。例如,可藉由在诸如氯化烯丙基钯二聚体的适合钯催化剂及诸如碳酸钾的碱的存在下在诸如1,4-二噁烷的溶剂中加热,将式5.5化合物偶联至2-甲基-1,3-噁唑[式5.7,其中R1=Me],以获得式1.1的中间体,其中R1-X=2-甲基-1,3-噁唑-5-基。
或者,可在乙酸钾与诸如Pd(dppf)Cl2·二氯甲烷的钯催化剂存在下,在诸如1,4-二噁烷的溶剂中,使用与二硼试剂(诸如5,5,5',5'-四甲基-2,2'-联-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环己烷(5,5,5',5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bi-1,3,2-dioxa borinane)的钯催化的交叉偶联,将式5.5的化合物转化为对应的式5.6的硼酸酯。所得的式5.6的硼酸酯中间体可继而进行与杂芳基卤化物的铃木偶联以获得式1.1的最终化合物。用于引入杂环X的另一方法包括使用Chan-Lam偶联[参见Tetrahedron Lett.2003,44,3863-3865及Synthesis 2008,5,795-799]。例如,可藉由在空气的存在下,在诸如甲醇的溶剂中与诸如氧化亚铜(I)或乙酸铜(II)的适合铜源一起加热,将式5.6的硼酸酯偶联至式5.8的取代的咪唑或至式5.9的取代的三唑,以获得式1.1的中间体,其中X=咪唑-1-基或三唑-1-基。
路线6
A)铃木偶联:R1X-B(OH)2,“Pd”,碱
B)CH-活化:“Pd”,5元杂芳基诸如
提供式I的化合物,其中R1-X-系
C)Chan-Lam偶联:Cu2O或Cu(OAc)2,5元杂芳基诸如
提供式I的化合物,其中R1-X-系
D)铃木偶联:R1X-Br,“Pd”,碱
其中X=5至6元杂芳环
E)“Pd”,及杂芳基诸如或
提供式I的化合物,其中R1-X-系或
路线6阐明用于制备式I化合物的另一组合成顺序。在诸如盐酸的酸中加热式6.1的中间体获得式6.2的吡啶酮酸中间体。在此初始步骤期间,式6.1的R6及R7取代基由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。接着,可使用在路线1中描述的化学使式6.2的酸与式1.3的氨基醇(路线1)进行偶联/环化反应以获得式6.3的中间体。在此步骤期间,式1.3的y应由终产物所期望的整数表示,R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a,、R5b、R10及R11取代基应由终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。
式6.3的中间体的替代合成包括在诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂中加热式6.2的中间体、二溴乙烷及诸如碳酸铯的碱的混合物以获得式6.4的内酯。在此初始步骤期间,式6.1的R6及R7取代基由终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。所得式6.3的中间体可随后与式2.2的胺(路线2)进行酰胺化反应。可使用几种不同条件进行此转化。例如,可在诸如1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(TBD)的碱的存在下,在诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂中加热式6.2的内酯与式2.2的胺,接着添加三氟乙酸乙酯以获得式6.3的内酰胺,其中R4a=R4b=R5a=R5b=H。在酰胺化步骤期间,式2.2的y应由如终产物所期望的整数表示。
随后,可使用在路线5中讨论的策略直接由式6.3或经由式6.5的硼酸酯形成最终化合物式I。或者,可藉由钯催化交叉偶联形成其中杂环X经由C-N键连接至吡啶酮环的式I化合物。例如,可藉由在诸如三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)的钯催化剂、诸如二叔丁基[3,4,5,6-四甲基-2',4',6'-三(丙-2-基)联苯-2-基]磷烷的适合配体及诸如磷酸钾的碱的存在下在诸如甲苯的溶剂中加热,将式6.6的三唑偶联至式6.3,以获得式I的最终化合物,其中X=1,2,4-三唑-1-基。
路线7
路线7阐明用于制备式I化合物的另一合成顺序,其中R4a=R4b=R5a=R5b=H。该方法包括在诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂中加热式1.2的化合物(路线1)、二溴乙烷及诸如碳酸铯的碱的混合物以获得式7.1的内酯中间体。在此初始步骤期间,式1.2的R1-X、R6及R7取代基由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。式7.1的内酯可随后在诸如DIBAL(二异丁基氢化铝)或双(三甲基铝)-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷加合物的试剂的存在下,在诸如THF的溶剂中与式2.2的胺反应(获自路线2)以获得式7.2的酰胺醇。在此步骤期间,式2.2的y应由如终产物所期望的整数表示,R2a、R2b、R10及R11取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。式7.2的中间体可在诸如三乙胺的碱的存在下,在诸如THF溶剂的中与甲磺酰氯反应,接着以诸如1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(TBD)的碱处理,以获得式I化合物(其中R4a=R4b=R5a=R5b=H)。或者,该环合可以逐步方式进行:首先通过以亚硫酰氯处理将式7.2的醇转化为对应的氯化物,接着用诸如双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺锂的适合的碱使酰胺NH去质子化,以获得式I的最终化合物。或者,内酰胺7.1与胺2.2在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液可用在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(TBD)处理,以形成中间体7.2,其可随后在相同罐中经由添加三氟乙酸乙酯而直接转化为式I。
路线8
可在一个步骤中由对应的式I化合物(其中X系咪唑基及R1系甲基)制备式I的化合物(其中X系咪唑基及R1系羟甲基)。可通过在氯化镁与烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)的存在下,在诸如磷酸钾(pH 7.4)的适合缓冲液中与来自诸如猴子的适合物种的微粒体一起孵育,进行此转化。
路线9
其中R2a=R2b=H,R10=甲基,y=1
可设想许多获得式2.2的中间体(其中R2a=R2b=H,R10=甲基,y=1,R10连接至邻近苯并呋喃氧原子的季碳原子,胺甲基取代基连接至苄位)的途径。一途径从使用诸如N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)或N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(NIS)的适合的卤化剂溴化或碘化式9.1的苯酚开始。在此步骤期间,R11取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。所得式9.2的苯酚中间体随后与苄基氯甲醚在诸如碳酸钾的适合碱的存在下且在诸如乙腈的溶剂中反应以获得式9.3的中间体。此化合物随后通过使用诸如碘化亚铜(I)的铜源及诸如二氯双(三苯基膦)钯(II)的钯催化剂在三乙胺中与三甲基(丙-2-炔-1-基)硅烷进行索诺格席拉(Sonogashira)偶联。随后使用诸如四-N-丁基氟化铵(TBAF)的氟化物源在诸如四氢呋喃的溶剂中移除三甲基甲硅烷基保护基以获得式9.5的中间体。随后可在诸如二-μ-氯-二氯双(乙烯基)二铂(III)的铂催化剂的存在下,在诸如甲苯的溶剂中加热此化合物,以获得苯并呋喃中间体9.6。随后使用碳载氢氧化钯在环己烯中经由氢解移除苄基保护基。苯并呋喃2,3-双键的环丙基化可在许多条件(诸如西蒙斯史密斯(Simmons-Smith)反应)下进行。例如,在诸如二氯甲烷的适合溶剂中,以二乙基锌及二碘甲烷处理式9.7的中间体以获得式9.8的环丙基苯并呋喃醇中间体。可随后使用为本领域技术人员熟知的许多程序,将式9.8的中间体中的伯醇转化为对应的伯胺。例如,此官能团相互转化可经由与邻苯二甲酰亚胺的Mitsunobu反应,接着使用诸如单水合肼的试剂在诸如二氯甲烷及甲醇的溶剂中脱保护来完成,以获得期望的式2.2的胺。
路线10
其中R2a=R2b=H,y=1
路线10显示式2.2的中间体(其中R2a=R2b=H,y=1,R10连接至邻近苯并呋喃氧原子的季碳原子,氨甲基取代基连接至苄位)的替代合成途径。在此途径中,式9.2的苯酚在诸如碳酸钾碱的存在下,在诸如乙腈的溶剂中,与式10.1的炔衍生物进行1,4-加成。在此步骤期间,R10及R11取代基应由如终产物所期望的相同部分或其经保护的变型表示。随后使用诸如双(三叔丁基膦)钯(0)的适合的钯催化剂,在诸如三乙胺的碱的存在下,在诸如乙腈的溶剂中使所得的式10.2的化合物进行分子内赫克(Heck)反应。随后在诸如叔丁醇钾的碱的存在下,使用碘化三甲基氧化锍在二甲基亚砜中将所得式10.3的苯并呋喃中间体环丙基化。立即使用诸如氢氧化钾或叔丁醇钾的适合的碱将该酯水解为式10.4的对应酸。该顺序的最终步骤包括将式10.4的羧酸转化为式2.2的胺。此官能团相互转化可在为本领域技术人员熟知的许多不同条件下进行。例如,酸10.4与氢氧化铵及诸如1,1'-羰基二咪唑的偶联剂的酰胺偶联产生式10.5的伯酰胺,随后使用诸如双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝的适合还原剂在诸如甲苯的溶剂中将其还原。
实验程序及实施例
下文阐明各种本发明化合物的合成。可单独或与本领域中一般已知的技术组合使用在这些实施例中阐明的方法来制备在本发明范围内的其他化合物。
实验一般在惰性气氛(氮气或氩气)下进行,特别是当其中采用对氧气或水分敏感的试剂或中间体时。一般使用市售溶剂及试剂且未经进一步纯化。若适当,可采用无水溶剂,一般为来自Acros Organics的产品或来自EMD Chemicals的产品。在其他情形下,市售溶剂经过具有分子筛的管柱,直至达成以下针对水的QC标准:a)对于二氯甲烷、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及四氢呋喃而言<100ppm;b)对于甲醇、乙醇、1,4-二噁烷及二异丙胺而言<180ppm。对于非常敏感的反应,溶剂进一步经金属钠、氢化钙或分子筛处理,并在即将使用前才蒸馏。在进行进一步反应或提交用于生物测试前,一般在真空下干燥产物。由液相层析-质谱法(LCMS)、大气压化学电离法(APCI)或气相层析-质谱法(GCMS)仪记录质谱数据。核磁共振(NMR)化学位移数据系以参考所采用的氘化溶剂的残峰的百万分率(ppm,δ)表示。在一些实施例中,进行手性分离法,以分离某些本发明化合物的对映体(在一些实施例中,根据其洗脱顺序将分离的对映体命名为ENT-1及ENT-2)。在一些实施例中,使用偏光计测量对映体的旋光度。根据其观察到的旋光度数据(或其比旋光度数据),将顺时针方向旋转的对映体命名为(+)-对映体并将逆时针方向旋转的对映体命名为(-)-对映体。藉由邻近该结构出现的(+/-)来表示外消旋化合物;在这些情形下,所指示的立体化学表示该化合物取代基的相对(而非绝对)构型。
一般藉由LCMS来追踪经由可检测中间体进行的反应,并让其进行至完全转化后才添加下一种试剂。在其他实施例或方法中的合成参考程序中,反应条件(反应时间及温度)可变化。一般而言,藉由薄层层析法或质谱法追踪反应,并在适当时进行后处理。纯化法在实验之间可能不同:一般而言,对用于洗脱剂/梯度的溶剂及溶剂比加以选择以提供适当Rfs或滞留时间。
实施例1
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(1)
(实施例1的化合物先前于2014年4月1日申请的美国临时专利申请案第61/973,436号中作为实施例19揭示。虽然此化合物并不包括于本申请的权利要求范围内,但将其例示于本文以提供额外的合成方法论)。
步骤1:合成4-{[2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]甲基}-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷(C1)。
以逐滴方式将偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(8.2mL,42mmol)缓慢添加至(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4-基)甲醇(5.5g,42mmol)及三苯基膦(10.9g,42mmol)在四氢呋喃(80mL)中的0℃溶液中。将2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯酚(8.0g,28mmol)缓慢添加至0℃反应混合物中,其随后于室温搅拌6小时。在真空中移除溶剂后,将残留物分配在水与乙酸乙酯间,并用水洗涤该有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。硅胶层析(洗脱剂:于己烷中10%乙酸乙酯)获得呈浅黄色液体的产物。产率:6.5g,16mmol,57%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.02(brs,1H),7.58(br d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.48-4.56(m,1H),4.23(dd,J=8.4,6.2Hz,1H),4.18(dd,ABX谱图的一半,J=9.5,4.2Hz,1H),4.04-4.11(m,2H),1.49(s,3H),1.42(s,3H)。
步骤2.合成3-[2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]丙烷-1,2-二醇(C2)。
于室温搅拌含C1(6.5g,16mmol)在乙酸(3.2mL,56mmol)及水(0.29mL,16mmol)中的溶液18小时,随即在减压下将其浓缩。使用戊烷洗涤残留物,所得固体不经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤。产率:5.25g,14.5mmol,91%。GCMS m/z 362[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01-8.04(m,1H),7.60(br d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.13-4.23(m,3H),3.83-3.97(m,2H),2.71(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),2.05(dd,J=6.2,6.0Hz,1H)。
步骤3.合成1-{[叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基]氧基}-3-[2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]丙-2-醇(C3)。
向C2(5.25g,14.5mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中的溶液添加咪唑(1.1g,16mmol),接着缓慢添加叔丁基(二甲基)氯化甲硅烷(2.4g,16mmol)。在室温下6小时后,使用冰水稀释反应混合物并随后经乙酸乙酯萃取。已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(洗脱剂:于己烷中5%乙酸乙酯)获得呈浅黄色液体的产物。产率:4.12g,8.65mmol,60%。NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01-8.03(m,1H),7.58(br d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.05-4.17(m,3H),3.84-3.92(m,2H),2.58(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),0.91(s,9H),0.10(s,3H),0.09(s,3H)。
步骤4:合成1-{[叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基]氧基}-3-[2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]丙-2-酮(C4)。
将戴斯-马丁(Dess-Martin)高碘烷[1,1,1-三(乙酰氧基)-1,1-二氢-1,2-苯并碘氧杂环戊烷-3-(1H)-酮;11.0g,25.9mmol]添加至C3(4.12g,8.65mmol)在二氯甲烷(40mL)中的0℃溶液,搅拌反应混合物14小时。通过经硅藻土垫过滤移除过量氧化剂;使用水稀释滤液并以二氯甲烷萃取。在真空中浓缩已合并的有机层,粗产物不经额外纯化即用于一下步骤。产率:3.7g,7.8mmol,90%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05-8.07(m,1H),7.57(br d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.94(s,2H),4.59(s,2H),0.96(s,9H),0.15(s,6H)。
步骤5.合成3-({[叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基]氧基}甲基)-5-(三氟甲基)-2,3-二氢-1-苯并呋喃-3-醇(C5)。
将甲基锂(于乙醚中的1.6M溶液,9.2mL,15mmol)缓慢添加至C4(3.5g,7.4mmol)在四氢呋喃(30mL)中的-78℃溶液,并于此温度搅拌反应混合物5小时。随后缓慢添加氯化铵水溶液,并使用乙酸乙酯萃取所得混合物。已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥、过滤、并在真空中浓缩以获得粗产物(2.1g),其直接用于下一步骤。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.62-7.65(m,1H),7.51-7.55(m,1H),6.91(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.49(s,2H),3.84(AB四重峰,JAB=9.8Hz,ΔυAB=11.3Hz,2H),0.94(s,9H),0.12(s,3H),0.10(s,3H)。
步骤6.合成[5-(三氟甲基)-1-苯并呋喃-3-基]甲醇(C6)。
将对甲苯磺酸(10%,11mL)水溶液缓慢添加至C5(获自先前步骤;2.1g,≤6.0mmol)在丙酮(20mL)中的溶液,将反应混合物于室温搅拌14小时。经由在真空中浓缩移除丙酮,使用乙酸乙酯萃取含水残留物。已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下浓缩;硅胶层析(洗脱剂:于己烷中5%乙酸乙酯)获得呈浅黄色液体的产物(435mg)。亦分离出者系C6的经叔丁基(二甲基)甲硅烷基保护的衍生物,将其以相似方式经历对甲苯磺酸,获得额外150mg产物。总产率:在两步骤中585mg,2.71mmol,37%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(br s,1H),7.73(br s,1H),7.56-7.63(m,2H),4.90(br d,J=5.3Hz,2H),1.68(t,J=5.6Hz,1H)。
步骤7.合成[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲醇(C7)。
向C6(100mg,0.46mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的0℃溶液添加二碘甲烷(744mg,2.78mmol),接着于相同温度缓慢添加二乙基锌(于己烷中1M溶液,1.39mL,1.39mmol)。将反应混合物缓慢加热至室温,随即将其搅拌3小时。随后经由添加饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液将其终止反应,并经二氯甲烷萃取;已合并的有机层经饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于己烷中0%至30%乙酸乙酯)获得呈黄色油的产物。产率:50mg,0.22mmol,48%。GCMS m/z 230[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.75-7.78(m,1H),7.47(br d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.98(dd,J=5.9,5.4Hz,1H),4.93(dd,J=5.5,1.8Hz,1H),3.93(dd,ABX谱图的一半,J=11.8,5.9Hz,1H),3.73(dd,ABX谱图的一半,J=11.9,5.3Hz,1H),1.26(dd,J=6.2,5.8Hz,1H),0.40(dd,J=6.5,1.8Hz,1H)。
步骤8.合成[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲磺酸甲酯(C8)。
将三乙胺(0.27mL,1.9mmol)及甲磺酰氯(61μL,0.79mmol)添加至C7(150mg,0.65mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的0℃溶液中,并将反应混合物缓慢加热至室温。在将其搅拌6小时后,经由添加饱和碳酸钠氢水溶液使反应混合物终止反应,并经二氯甲烷萃取。使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以获得产物(120mg)。此物质直接用于下一步骤。
步骤9.合成1-[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C9)。
向C8(获自先前步骤;120mg,≤0.39mmol)在甲醇(1mL)中的0℃溶液添加甲醇氨(5mL)并于70℃在密闭管中加热反应混合物16小时。随后将其蒸发至干燥;残留物与水混合并经乙酸乙酯萃取。使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在硅胶上层析(洗脱剂:于二氯甲烷中10%甲醇)获得呈浅黄色胶的产物。产率:在两步骤中50mg,0.22mmol,34%。
步骤10.合成1-(2-羟乙基)-5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-6-氧-N-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-1,6-二氢吡啶-2-甲酰胺(C11)。
向C9(115mg,0.502mmol)在四氢呋喃(1L)中的溶液添加双(三甲基铝)-1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷加合物(270mg,1.05mmol)。将反应混合物加热至40℃持续45分钟,随即将其使用7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢吡啶并[2,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-1,6-二酮(C10,其可经由C.W.amEnde等人,PCT国际申请WO 2012131539,2012年10月4日的方法制备)(120mg,0.49mmol)并加热至65℃持续5小时。经由添加1M氢氧化钠水溶液终止反应,所得浆液经水稀释并经5%甲醇于二氯甲烷中萃取;使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。经含10%乙酸乙酯的己烷研磨获得呈灰白色固体的产物(100mg),不经额外纯化用于下一步骤。LCMS m/z 475.0[M+H]+。
步骤11.合成1-(2-氯乙基)-5-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-6-氧-N-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-1,6-二氢吡啶-2-甲酰胺(C12)。
向C11(获自先前步骤;100mg,≤0.21mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的-10℃溶液添加三乙胺(90μL,0.65mmol),接着逐滴添加甲磺酰氯(70mg,0.61mmol)。随后将该反应混合物加热至室温并搅拌2小时,随即将其使用二氯甲烷稀释,经碳酸氢钠水溶液及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中蒸发。获得呈黏性棕色固体的产物(100mg),不经额外纯化用于下一步骤。
步骤12.合成7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(1)。
向C12(获自先前步骤;100mg,≤0.20mmol)在四氢呋喃(10mL)中的溶液中添加1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(99mg,0.71mmol),于室温搅拌反应混合物16小时。添加冰水,在减压下将混合物蒸发至干燥;残留物经水稀释并使用乙酸乙酯萃取。已合并的有机层经饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。反相HPLC(管柱:YMC-Actus Triart C18,5μm;流动相A:20mM碳酸氢铵于水中;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:10%至55%B)获得呈灰白色固体的产物。产率:经三步18mg,39μmol,8%。LCMS m/z 457.0[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.20(s,1H),7.62-7.65(m,1H),7.43(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.40-7.45(m,1H),7.24-7.3(m,1H,假设;部分由溶剂峰掩盖),7.09-7.13(m,1H),6.91(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.90-4.94(m,1H),4.86(d,J=14.7Hz,1H),4.26-4.35(m,1H),4.11-4.20(m,1H),3.54-3.64(m,2H),3.43(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),2.28(s,3H),1.25(dd,J=6.7,5.8Hz,1H),0.62(dd,J=7,2Hz,1H)。
实施例2及3
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(2)及7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(3)
步骤1.合成2-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(C13)。
将4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(4.0mL,31mmol)添加至N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(95%,6.95g,29.3mmol)在乙酸(2.0mL,35mmol)中的悬浮液中,并将混合物搅拌5分钟。引入硫酸(98%,0.5mL,9mmol),并于室温持续搅拌48小时,随即将反应混合物倒入水(100mL)中并使用乙醚萃取。已合并的有机层经水洗涤,使用1M硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤两次,经脱色碳处理,并经硫酸镁干燥。在通过硅藻土垫及硅胶过滤混合物后,在真空中浓缩滤液以获得呈油的产物(13.2g)。藉由1H NMR分析,此产物含有大量乙酸乙酯。校正乙酸乙酯的产量:8.5g,28mmol,96%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(br d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.15(br dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.9Hz,1H)。
步骤2.合成1-[(苄氧基)甲氧基]-2-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯(C14)。
使用碳酸钾(8.46g,61.2mmol),接着用苄基氯甲醚(6.38mL,45.9mmol)处理C13(9.30g,30.6mmol)在乙腈(100mL)中的溶液。于室温搅拌反应混合物过夜,随即将其分配在水与乙醚间。已合并的有机层经水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩;经由硅胶层析法(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)纯化获得呈油的产物。产率:10.8g,25.5mmol,83%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.67(br d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.30-7.40(m,5H),7.19(br dd,ABX谱图的一半,J=9,2Hz,1H),7.14(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.35(s,2H),4.76(s,2H)。
步骤3.合成(3-{2-[(苄氧基)甲氧基]-5-(三氟甲氧基)苯基}丙-2-炔-1-基)(三甲基)硅烷(C15)。
搅拌C14(2.80g,6.60mmol)、碘化亚铜(I)(254mg,1.33mmol)及二氯双(三苯基膦)钯(II)(99%,468mg,0.660mmol)在三乙胺(20mL)中的混合物5分钟,随即添加三甲基(丙-2-炔-1-基)硅烷(80%,1.85mL,9.9mmol)并将反应混合物加热至50℃。在5小时后,将其冷却至室温并分配在乙醚与饱和氯化铵水溶液间。使用1M盐酸水溶液洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。获得呈稠油的产物,不经额外纯化即使用。产率:2.69g,6.58mmol,定量。GCMS m/z 408.2[M+]。
步骤4.合成1-[(苄氧基)甲氧基]-2-(丙-1-炔-1-基)-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯(C16)。
将四丁基氟化铵(于四氢呋喃中1M溶液;10mL,10mmol)添加至C15(2.60g,6.36mmol)在四氢呋喃(25mL)中的溶液中,于室温搅拌反应混合物。在2小时后,将其分配在水与乙醚间;使用水洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得呈油的产物。产率:1.99g,5.92mmol,93%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.29-7.40(m,5H),7.24-7.27(m,1H,假设;部分由溶剂峰掩盖),7.17(d,AB四重峰的一半,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.08(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=9Hz,1H),5.36(s,2H),4.78(s,2H),2.12(s,3H)。
步骤5.合成3-[(苄氧基)甲基]-2-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1-苯并呋喃(C17)。
化合物C16(1.99g,5.92mmol)及二-μ-氯-二氯双(乙烯基)二铂(II)(蔡斯(Zeise’s)二聚体,190mg,0.32mmol)在甲苯(20mL)中混合并加热至35℃持续3小时。在将反应混合物冷却至室温后,硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得固体产物。产率:1.50g,4.46mmol,75%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.29-7.42(m,7H),7.09(br d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.61(s,2H),4.57(s,2H),2.44(s,3H)。
步骤6.合成[2-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1-苯并呋喃-3-基]甲醇(C18)。
C17(1.80g,5.35mmol)在乙醇(25mL)中的溶液经碳载氢氧化钯(20%,1.0g)处理。添加环己烯(6mL,60mmol),于回流加热反应混合物5小时,随即将其冷却并使用额外碳载氢氧化钯(1.0g)及环己烯(6mL,60mmol)处理。回流加热过夜后,使用硅藻土过滤反应混合物,并在真空中浓缩滤液。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得呈白色固体的产物。产率:787mg,3.20mmol,60%。GCMS m/z 246.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(br s,1H),7.38(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.10(br d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.77(s,2H),2.48(s,3H)。
步骤7.合成[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲醇(C19)。
在冰浴中冷却二乙基锌(于己烷中1.0M溶液;10.4mL,10.4mmol),使用二氯甲烷(10mL)稀释,并经二碘甲烷(1.67mL,20.7mmol)在二氯甲烷(2mL)中的溶液处理。5分钟后,添加C18(510mg,2.07mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)中的溶液,并于0℃搅拌5分钟。随后将反应混合物加热至室温并搅拌4小时,随即将其使用饱和氯化铵水溶液终止反应。使用乙醚萃取混合物,且已合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,在真空中浓缩,并经由硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中5%至30%乙酸乙酯)纯化。获得呈固体的产物。产率:500mg,1.9mmol,92%。GCMS m/z260.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.26-7.30(m,1H,假设;大部分由溶剂峰掩盖),6.98(brd,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.79(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.14(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),3.87(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.76(s,3H),1.07(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),0.62(d,J=6.2Hz,1H)。
步骤8.合成2-{[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮(C20)。
将1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮(1.64g,11.1mmol)及三苯基膦(2.89g,11.0mmol)添加至C19(2.40g,9.22mmol)在四氢呋喃(50mL)中的溶液中。逐滴添加偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(95%,2.07mL,10.2mmol),并于室温搅拌反应混合物2小时。随后将其分配在乙醚与饱和氯化钠水溶液间,有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中5%至50%乙酸乙酯)获得呈稠油的产物。产率:1.6g,4.1mmol,44%。LCMS m/z 389.8[M+H]+。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86-7.90(m,2H),7.73-7.77(m,2H),7.61-7.65(m,1H),6.94(br d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.24(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.98(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),1.92(s,3H),1.12(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),0.52(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤9.合成1-[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C21)。
将单水合肼(2.0mL,41mmol)添加至C20(1.6g,4.1mmol)在二氯甲烷(10mL)及甲醇(10mL)中的溶液中。于室温搅拌反应混合物过夜,随即将其分配在1M氢氧化钠水溶液与乙醚间。使用乙醚萃取水层,已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩,获得呈稠油的产物。产率:1.0g,3.9mmol,95%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.20-7.24(m,1H),6.97(brd,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),3.39(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),2.86(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),1.75(s,3H),0.95(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),0.55(d,J=6.2Hz,1H)。
步骤10.7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(C22)的合成。
将1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(97%,830mg,5.78mmol)添加至C21(1.00g,3.86mmol)及C10(1.26g,5.14mmol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4mL)中的溶液中。在室温3小时后,使用三氟乙酸乙酯(1.1mL,9.2mmol)处理反应混合物并搅拌过夜。添加氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,6mL,6mmol),且于室温搅拌混合物15分钟。经由过滤收集固体,使用水及乙醚冲洗,并与甲苯共沸3次,获得呈灰白色固体的产物。产率:1.68g,3.45mmol,89%。LCMS m/z487.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),特征峰:δ8.21(s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.11-7.14(m,1H),6.98(br d,J=9Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.23(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,8,4Hz,1H),4.15(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,7,4Hz,1H),3.56(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,7,4Hz,1H),3.46(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,8,4Hz,1H),3.18(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),0.68(d,J=6.4Hz,1H)。
步骤11.7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(2)及7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(3)的分离。
化合物C22(1.68g,3.45mmol)经由超临界液体层析法(管柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:30%[于甲醇中0.2%氢氧化铵]于二氧化碳中)分离为其组分对映体。随后将各对映体溶于乙酸乙酯(10mL)中,经过注射过滤器,并在真空中浓缩。首先洗脱的对映体经乙醚研磨,获得呈固体的3。第二洗脱的对映体从乙酸乙酯/庚烷中再结晶,获得呈固体的2。
3:产率:435mg,0.894mmol,26%。LCMS m/z 487.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.28(br s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.32(m,2H),7.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.96-7.01(m,1H),6.83(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),4.93(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),4.13-4.25(m,2H),3.72(ddd,J=13,6,5Hz,1H),3.50(ddd,J=13,8,5Hz,1H),3.39(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.23(d,J=0.9Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.14(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),0.57(d,J=6.5Hz,1H)。
2:产率:447mg,0.919mmol,27%。LCMS m/z 487.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.28(br s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.32(m,2H),7.28(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.96-7.01(m,1H),6.83(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.93(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),4.13-4.25(m,2H),3.72(ddd,J=13,6,5Hz,1H),3.50(ddd,J=13,8,5Hz,1H),3.39(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.23(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.85(s,3H),1.14(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),0.57(d,J=6.4Hz,1H)。使化合物2经历建立其绝对立体化学的X-射线结构分析(参见下文)。化合物2与其对映体3相比更有效(参见表7);此效力差异在这些实施例分离的全部对映体中都观察到,而且用于指定全部情形的绝对立体化学,类似于2和3。
化合物2的单晶X-射线分析
在Bruker APEX绕射仪上于室温进行数据收集。数据收集由ω及扫描组成。
藉由直接方使用SHELX软件套装在空间群P1中解析此结构。随后藉由全矩阵最小二乘法细化结构。发现了全部非氢原子并使用各向异性位移参数进行细化。
在不对称单元中两种分子的构型轻微与彼此不同。两种分子均具有相同立体化学。
将全部氢原子置于计算位置且容许在其载体原子上。最终的细化全部氢原子的各向同性位移参数。
使用PLATON(Spek 2010)进行使用相似法(Hooft 2008)分析绝对结构。结果表明已经正确地指定绝对结构。该方法计算结构争取的概率系100.0%。Hooft参数记录为0.07,其中esd为0.06。
最终R指数系5%。最终差异傅里叶揭示无丢失或误置电子密度。
相关晶体、数据收集及细化信息汇总在表1中。原子坐标、键长、键角度及位移参数在表2至5中列出。
软件及参考
SHELXTL,版本5.1,Bruker AXS,1997。
PLATON,A.L.Spek,J.Appl.Cryst.2003,36,7-13。
MERCURY,C.F.Macrae、P.R.Edington、P.McCabe、E.Pidcock、G.P.Shields、R.Taylor、M.Towler及J.van de Streek,J.Appl.Cryst.2006,39,453-457。
OLEX2,O.V.Dolomanov、L.J.Bourhis、R.J.Gildea、J.A.K.Howard及H.Puschmann,J.Appl.Cryst.2009,42,339-341。
R.W.W.Hooft、L.H.Straver及A.L.Spek,J.Appl.Cryst.2008,41,96-103。
H.D.Flack,Acta Cryst.1983,A39,867-881。
表1.针对2的晶体数据及结构细化
表2. 2的原子坐标(x104)及等效各向同性位移参数U(eq)定义为正交Uij张量迹线的三分之一。
表3. 2的键长[A]及键角[°]
用于产生等效原子的对称转化。
表4. 2的各向异性位移参数该各向异性位移因子指数采取以下形式:-2π2[h2a*2U11+...+2h k a*b*U12]。
表5. 2的氢坐标(x104)及各向同性位移参数
实施例4及5
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(4)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(5)
步骤1.合成[2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]硼酸(C23)。
将硼酸三丙-2-基酯(43.6g,232mmol)添加至4-溴-3-氟苯基三氟甲醚(50.0g,193mmol)在甲苯(400mL)与四氢呋喃(100mL)中的溶液中,并将混合物冷却至-78℃。随后以维持反应温度低于-60℃的速度逐滴添加正丁基锂(2.5M溶液;92.7mL,232mmol),于-70℃搅拌反应混合物4小时。在将反应混合物加热至-20℃后,经由添加盐酸水溶液(2M,200mL)将其终止反应,并随后于室温(20℃)搅拌40分钟。水层经乙酸乙酯(3x50mL)萃取,已合并的有机层经饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在真空中浓缩以获得呈白色固体的产物(43g),直接用于下一步骤。
步骤2.合成2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(C24)。
向C23(获自先前步骤;43g,≤193mmol)在二氯甲烷(300mL)中的20℃溶液中添加过氧化氢(30%溶液,99mL,1.0mol),于20℃搅拌反应混合物2小时。随后将其分配在水(200mL)与二氯甲烷(200mL)间;经二氯甲烷(2x100mL)萃取水层,已合并的有机层经饱和氯化钠水溶液(200mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。硅胶层析(洗脱剂:10%乙酸乙酯于石油醚中)获得呈黄色油的产物(30g,藉由1H NMR分析,其由1:0.3摩尔比的产物与乙酸乙酯构成)。校正产率:在2个步骤内26g,130mol,67%。LCMS m/z 195.0[M-H+]。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ6.98-7.05(m,2H),6.94(br d,AB四重峰的一半,J=9Hz,1H)5.54(br d,J=3.3Hz,1H)。
步骤3.合成2-氟-6-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(C25)。
于25℃搅拌C24(9.5g,48mmol)及N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(12g,53mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中的混合物4小时,随即将其经水(300mL)稀释并经叔丁基甲醚(3x100mL)萃取。已合并的有机层按顺序经饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液(50mL)及饱和氯化钠水溶液(50mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:于石油醚中0%至20%乙酸乙酯)获得呈黄色油的产物。产率:12.0g,37.3mmol,78%。LCMS m/z 320.9[M-H+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(br s,1H),7.06(dd,J=10.2,2.0Hz,1H),5.78(br s,1H)。
步骤4.合成2-[(苄氧基)甲氧基]-1-氟-3-碘-5-(三氟甲氧基)苯(C26)。
将苄基氯甲醚(7.66g,48.9mmol)添加至C25(10.5g,32.6mmol)及碳酸钾(9.01g,65.2mmol)在乙腈(100mL)中的混合物中,于25℃搅拌所得悬浮液2小时。随后使用水(400mL)稀释反应混合物并经二氯甲烷(3x200mL)萃取;已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于石油醚中0%至20%乙酸乙酯)获得呈无色油的产物。产率:12.3g,27.8mmol,85%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46-7.51(m,1H),7.30-7.41(m,5H),7.06(ddq,J=10.9,2.8,0.7Hz,1H),5.33(s,2H),4.93(s,2H)。
步骤5.合成2-[(苄氧基)甲氧基]-1-氟-3-(丙-1-炔-1-基)-5-(三氟甲氧基)苯(C27)。
C26(12.0g,27.1mmol)、丁-2-酸(4.56g,54.2mmol)及碳酸铯(13.3g,40.8mmol)在甲苯(200mL)中的混合物经烯丙基氯化钯二聚体(497mg,1.36mmol)及4,5-双(二苯基膦)-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(785mg,1.36mmol)处理。以氮气将反应混合物脱气两次,随即将其加热至80℃持续16小时,随后经硅藻土过滤。在真空中浓缩滤液并藉由硅胶层析法(梯度:于石油醚中0%至30%乙酸乙酯)纯化,获得呈黄色油的产物。产率:9.2g,26mmol,96%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.30-7.40(m,5H),7.05-7.09(m,1H),6.96(br dd,J=10.7,2.6Hz,1H),5.35(s,2H),4.91(s,2H),2.07(s,3H)。
步骤6.合成3-[(苄氧基)甲基]-7-氟-2-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1-苯并呋喃(C28)。
将二-μ-氯-二氯双(乙烯基)二铂(II)(840mg,1.43mmol)添加至C27(9.2g,26mmol)在甲苯(200mL)中的溶液中;于35℃搅拌反应混合物16小时,随后于25℃静置2天。在真空中浓缩反应混合物,残留物经由硅胶层析法(梯度:于石油醚中0%至20%乙酸乙酯)纯化以获得呈黄色油的产物。产率:6.5g,18mmol,69%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.30-7.41(m,5H),7.19-7.23(m,1H),6.91(br d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.59(s,2H),4.56(s,2H),2.46(s,3H)。
步骤7.合成[7-氟-2-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1-苯并呋喃-3-基]甲醇(C29)。
向C28(3.0g,8.5mmol)在乙醇(150mL)中的溶液中添加碳载氢氧化钯(300mg),使用氢气将反应混合物脱气三次。在50psi氢气下于60℃搅拌所得黑色悬浮液16小时,随即通过硅藻土将其过滤。滤液在真空中浓缩,残留物与获自第二反应(在3.0g C28上进行,8.5mmol)的物质合并,并在硅胶上层析(梯度:于石油醚中0%至50%乙酸乙酯),获得呈白色固体的产物。产率:3.60g,13.6mmol,80%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28-7.31(m,1H),6.92(br d,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.77(br s,2H),2.52(s,3H)。
步骤8.合成[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲醇(C30)。
将二碘甲烷(43.8g,164mmol)及二乙基锌(在甲苯中1M溶液,81.8mmol,81.8mL)添加至C29(2.70g,10.2mmol)在甲苯(200mL)中的溶液中,并于30℃搅拌反应混合物16小时。随后于0℃将其逐滴添加至水(200mL)中;搅拌所得混合物10分钟,随即将其通过硅藻土过滤。水层经乙酸乙酯(3x100mL)萃取,已合并的有机层经饱和氯化钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:于石油醚中0%至30%乙酸乙酯)获得呈黄色油的产物。产率:2.0g,7.2mmol,71%。LCMS m/z 261.0[M-OH]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.10-7.12(m,1H),6.85(br d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.12(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.87(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.80(s,3H),1.14(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),0.70(d,J=6.5Hz,1H)。
步骤9.合成2-{[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮(C31)。
将偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(640mg,3.16mmol)逐滴添加至C30(800mg,2.88mmol)、1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮(465mg,3.16mmol)及三苯基膦(830mg,3.16mmol)在四氢呋喃(60mL)中的混合物中。于25℃搅拌反应混合物20小时,随即将其在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于石油醚中0%至20%乙酸乙酯)获得呈无色油的产物。产率:880mg,2.16mmol,75%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86-7.91(m,2H),7.73-7.78(m,2H),7.46-7.49(m,1H),6.81(br d,J=10.3Hz,1H),4.24(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),3.97(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),1.96(s,3H),1.19(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.61(d,J=6.8Hz,1H)。
步骤10.合成1-[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C32)。
向C31(500mg,1.2mmol)在甲醇(30mL)中的溶液中添加单水合肼(50%水溶液,5mL,50mmol),于25℃搅拌反应混合物16小时。在真空中移除溶剂后,使用二氯甲烷(5mL)稀释残留物并过滤;在减压下浓缩滤液以获得呈无色油的产物。产量:300mg,1.1mmol,92%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.39-7.43(m,1H),7.21(br d,J=10.9Hz,1H),3.15(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),2.80(d,J=13.9Hz,1H),1.71(s,3H),1.17(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),0.50(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤11.合成2-{[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(C33)。
将1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(191mg,1.37mmol)添加至C10(252mg,1.03mmol)及C32(190mg,0.685mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)中的悬浮液中,并于25℃搅拌反应混合物30分钟。随后历时5分钟于25℃逐滴添加三氟乙酸乙酯(386mg,2.72mmol),随即于60℃搅拌反应混合物1小时,冷却,并与得自第二反应(在42.2mg C32上进行,0.152mmol)的相似物质合并。使用氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,5mL)及饱和氯化钠水溶液(5mL)稀释混合物,并经二氯甲烷(3x5mL)萃取。已合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。经由硅胶层析法(梯度:于二氯甲烷中0%至10%甲醇)纯化获得呈黄色胶的外消旋产物。产率:180mg,0.357mmol,43%。LCMS m/z 505.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(br s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.12(br s,1H),7.04-7.08(m,1H),6.85(br d,J=10Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=5.9,5.6Hz,2H),3.57(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,5Hz,1H),3.48(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,6Hz,1H),3.16(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.28(d,J=1Hz,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),0.76(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
步骤12.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(4)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(5)的分离。
将外消旋物C33(160mg,0.32mmol)使用超临界流体层析法[管柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralpak AD,10μm;流动相:30%(含0.1%氢氧化铵的甲醇)在二氧化碳中]分离为其组分对映体。第二洗脱的对映体系4,分离为白色固体。产率:71mg,0.14μmol,44%。LCMS m/z 505.1[M+H]+。滞留时间:7.68分钟(管柱:Chiral TechnologiesChiralpak AD-H,4.6x250mm,5μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:含有0.05%二乙胺的甲醇;梯度:5%至40%B;流速:2.5mL/分钟)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(br s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.12(br s,1H),7.05-7.08(m,1H),6.85(br d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=6.2,5.5Hz,2H),3.57(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,5.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.48(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,6Hz,1H),3.17(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.28(br s,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),0.76(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
亦获得呈白色固体的首先洗脱的对映体5。产率:73mg,0.14μmol,44%。LCMS m/z505.2[M+H]+。滞留时间:6.42分钟,使用如上文针对4记录的那些相同分析条件。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.21(br s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.12(brs,1H),7.04-7.08(m,1H),6.85(br d,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=6.0,5.6Hz,2H),3.57(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,5.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.48(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,6Hz,1H),3.16(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.28(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.07(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),0.76(d,J=6.8Hz,1H)。
实施例6及7
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(6)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(7)
步骤1.合成5-氟-2-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(C34)。
于室温搅拌3-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯酚(7.0g,36mmol)及N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(95%,8.45g,35.7mmol)在乙酸(10mL)中的混合物5分钟,随后经浓硫酸(18M,0.58mL,10.4mmol)处理。在搅拌反应混合物过夜后,将其分配在水与乙醚间。使用水及2M硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤有机层,经活性碳处理,并经硫酸镁干燥。通过硅藻土垫及硅胶过滤混合物,且在真空中浓缩滤液,获得呈油的产物(11.0g),该产物藉由1H NMR分析含有两摩尔当量乙酸。针对乙酸校正的产率:8.0g,25mmol,70%。GCMS m/z 322.0[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(br d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=10.9Hz,1H)。
步骤2.合成(2E)-3-[5-氟-2-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基]丁-2-烯酸乙酯(C35)。
于回流下加热C34[获自先前步骤;11.0g(针对乙酸校正:8.0g,25mmol)]、丁-2-酸乙酯(4.0mL,34mmol)及碳酸钾(18.0g,130mmol)在乙腈(100mL)中的混合物6小时,随后于室温搅拌过夜。在将反应混合物分配在水与乙醚间后,使用水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:0%至5%乙酸乙酯于庚烷中)获得呈油的产物。产率:8.60g,19.8mmol,79%。GCMS m/z 434.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(br d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.78(s,1H),4.13(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.53(s,3H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤3.合成6-氟-2-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1-苯并呋喃-3-甲酸乙酯(C36)。
将氮气流鼓泡通过C35(250mg,0.57mmol)在乙腈(5mL)中的溶液持续10分钟,随即将二乙胺(0.40mL,2.9mmol)添加至该溶液,接着添加双(三叔丁基膦)钯(0)(14.9mg,29.2μmol)。将反应混合物加热至90℃持续20小时,冷却至室温,并分配在乙醚与水间。使用水洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩;硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得白色固体产物。产率:148mg,0.483mmol,84%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(dq,J=7.7,1.1Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.43(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.78(s,3H),1.45(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤4.合成4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酸(C37)。
使用叔丁醇钾(645mg,5.75mmol)处理碘化三甲基氧化锍(98%,1.35g,6.01mmol)在二甲基亚砜(10mL)中的悬浮液并于室温搅拌30分钟。添加C36(1.60g,5.22mmol)在二甲基亚砜(5mL)及四氢呋喃(2mL)中的溶液;搅拌反应混合物2小时,随即将其经额外的碘化三甲基氧化锍(98%,300mg,1.3mmol)及叔丁醇钾(130mg,1.16mmol)处理。30分钟后,添加氢氧化钾(85%,700mg,11mmol),并持续搅拌2小时。将水(10mL)添加至反应混合物,随后经由添加1M盐酸水溶液调节至pH 4至5。使用乙酸乙酯(3x50mL)萃取混合物,使用水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。所得稠油经庚烷(100mL)处理,在减压下浓缩,溶于乙醚,使用水洗涤两次,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。获得固体产物。产率:1.40g,4.79mmol,92%。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.57(br d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),1.98(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),1.83(s,3H),0.92(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤5.合成4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酰胺(C38)。
将1,1'-羰基二咪唑(266mg,1.64mmol)添加至C37(400mg,1.37mmol)在四氢呋喃(10mL)中的溶液中,于室温搅拌反应混合物30分钟。添加浓缩的氢氧化铵溶液(0.7mL),及持续搅拌1小时,随即将反应混合物分配在水与乙醚间。使用水洗涤有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩,获得呈膏状固体的产物。产率:390mg,1.34mmol,98%。GCMS m/z291.2[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.50(br d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.41(br s,1H),7.31(brs,1H),7.15(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),1.96(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),1.65(s,3H),0.75(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
步骤6.合成1-[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C39)。
将双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝钠(在甲苯中3.3M溶液;7.0mL,23mmol)添加至C38(1.70g,5.84mmol)在甲苯(30mL)中的溶液中。于室温搅拌反应混合物2小时,随即将其在冰浴中冷却并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,30mL)终止反应。所得混合物经乙醚萃取;使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:0%至5%甲醇于二氯甲烷中)获得呈稠油的产物。产率:1.2g,4.3mmol,74%。GCMS m/z 260.2[M-NH3]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.25-7.31(m,1H,假设;部分由溶剂峰掩盖),6.66(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.34(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),2.87(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),1.75(s,3H),0.95(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),0.56(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤7.合成2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(C40)。
使用在实施例2及3中针对由C21合成C22所描述的方法进行C39至产物的转化。获得呈白色固体的产物。产率:560mg,1.11mmol,97%。LCMS m/z 505.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.24-7.31(m,2H,假设;部分由溶剂峰遮盖),7.11-7.14(m,1H),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),4.26(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14.2,6.3,4.7Hz,1H),4.20(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14.3,8.0,4.4Hz,1H),3.56(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13.2,6.3,4.5Hz,1H),3.46(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13.2,7.9,4.5Hz,1H),3.12(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.29(br s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.68(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
步骤8.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(6)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(7)的分离。
经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:30%(0.2%氢氧化铵于甲醇中)于二氧化碳中]将C40(560mg,1.1mmol)分离成其组分对映体。随后将各对映体溶于乙酸乙酯(15mL)中,过滤,并在真空中浓缩;悬浮于乙醚中,接着过滤,获得产物,均为固体。化合物6系第二洗脱的对映体。产率:160mg,0.317mg,28%。LCMSm/z 505.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.26-7.31(m,2H,假设;部分由溶剂峰遮盖),7.13(br s,1H),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.26(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,6,5Hz,1H),4.20(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,8,4Hz,1H),3.56(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,5Hz,1H),3.46(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,8,5Hz,1H),3.12(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.68(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
化合物7为首先洗脱的对映体。产率:180mg,0.357mmol,31%。LCMS m/z 505.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(s,1H),7.45(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.26-7.31(m,2H,假设;部分由溶剂峰遮盖),7.13(br s,1H),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.26(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14.5,6,5Hz,1H),4.20(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14.3,7.8,4.3Hz,1H),3.56(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,4.5Hz,1H),3.46(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,8,5Hz,1H),3.12(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.68(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
实施例8及9
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(8)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(9)
步骤1.合成5-溴-6-氧代-1,6-二氢吡啶-2-甲酸(C41)。
将溴(115g,720mmol)逐滴添加至6-氧代-1,6-二氢吡啶-2-甲酸(25g,180mmol)在乙酸(400mL)中的悬浮液中。将反应混合物加热至80℃持续16小时,随即在减压下将其浓缩至干燥。残留物经叔丁基甲醚研磨(200mL)并过滤;使用叔丁基甲醚(3x100mL)洗涤滤饼以获得呈灰色固体的产物。产率:39.0g,179mmol,99%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.03(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=7.3Hz,1H)。
步骤2.合成7-溴-3,4-二氢吡啶并[2,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-1,6-二酮(C42)。
分四个相同批次进行此转化。将1,2-二溴乙烷(9.48g,50.5mmol)添加至C41(10.0g,45.9mmol)及碳酸铯(37.4g,115mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中的悬浮液中。于95℃搅拌反应混合物2小时,随即将其冷却至约30℃并与其他三批合并。将此物质倒入二氯甲烷(600mL)中,于室温搅拌10分钟,随后过滤。使用二氯甲烷(200mL)洗涤滤饼,及在减压下将已合并的滤液浓缩至干燥。残留物与二氯甲烷(100mL)混合,于25℃搅拌20分钟,并随后过滤。将收集的固体溶于二氯甲烷(500mL)与甲醇(30mL)的混合物中,并通过硅胶(10g)过滤。在真空中浓缩滤液并以二氯甲烷(50mL)及叔丁基甲醚(50mL)的混合物研磨,获得呈淡黄色固体的产物。产率:13g,53mmol,29%。LCMS m/z 245.8[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.64(dd,J=5.3,5.1Hz,2H),4.36(dd,J=5.3,5.1Hz,2H)。
步骤3.合成7-溴-2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(C43)。
将1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(97%,932mg,6.49mmol)添加至C39(1.20g,4.33mmol)及C42(1.37g,5.61mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)中的混合物中。于室温搅拌反应混合物2小时,随后经三氟乙酸乙酯(1.3mL,10.9mmol)处理。在1小时后,添加氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,10mL),并持续搅拌15分钟。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,使用水洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:于庚烷中30%至100%乙酸乙酯)获得呈油的产物。产率:1.76g,3.50mmol,81%。LCMS m/z 503.3,505.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.24-7.28(m,1H,假设;部分由溶剂峰遮盖),7.07(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.01(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=6.0,5.8Hz,2H),3.52(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,5.5,5.5Hz,1H),3.42(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,6Hz,1H),3.11(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),1.82(s,3H),0.98(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.67(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
步骤4.合成2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(C44)。
使用氮气将三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(98%,94.7mg,0.101mmol)与二叔丁基[3,4,5,6-四甲基-2',4',6'-三(丙-2-基)联苯-2-基]磷烷(95%,103mg,0.203mmol)在甲苯(10mL)中的混合物脱气5分钟,随后于125℃加热3分钟。在分液烧瓶中,将C43(1.70g,3.38mmol)、3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑(561mg,6.75mmol)及磷酸钾(1.48g,6.97mmol)在甲苯(10mL)与1,4-二噁烷(10mL)中的混合物使用氮气脱气10分钟。将催化剂溶液经由注射器转移至反应烧瓶,并于125℃加热反应混合物2小时,随即将其分配在水与乙酸乙酯间。有机层经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩;硅胶层析(梯度:50%至100%乙酸乙酯于庚烷中)获得呈淡白色固体的产物。产率:1.3g,2.6mmol,77%。LCMS m/z 506.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),特征峰:δ9.52(br s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.25-7.31(m,1H,假设;部分由溶剂峰遮盖),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.20-4.32(m,2H),3.53-3.62(m,1H),3.14(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.49(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.69(d,J=6.5Hz,1H)。
步骤5.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(8)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(9)的分离。
经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-4,5μm;流动相:30%(1:1乙腈/甲醇)于二氧化碳中]将化合物C44(1.3g,2.6mmol)分离为其组分对映体。将获自分离的个别对映体溶于乙酸乙酯(10mL),经过注射过滤器,在真空中浓缩,随后经乙醚沉淀;获得呈固体的两种对映体。实施例8为第二洗脱的对映体。产率:415mg,0.821mmol,32%。LCMS m/z 506.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.53(br s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.29(dq,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.20-4.32(m,2H),3.57(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13.2,6.0,4.9Hz,1H),3.44-3.51(m,1H),3.14(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.48(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.69(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
首先洗脱的对映体系化合物9。产率:412mg,0.815mmol,31%。LCMS m/z 506.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.52(br s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.28(dq,J=7.6,1.0Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.20-4.32(m,2H),3.57(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13.2,6.0,4.9Hz,1H),3.44-3.51(m,1H),3.14(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.49(s,3H),1.84(s,3H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),0.69(d,J=6.7Hz,1H)。
实施例10及11
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(10)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(11)
步骤1.合成5-氯-2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯酚(C45)。
搅拌3-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯酚(3.00g,15.3mmol)及N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(95%,3.61g,15.2mmol)在乙酸(10mL)中的混合物5分钟,随即添加硫酸(18M,0.25mL,4.5mmol)。在室温下搅拌反应混合物2天后,将其分配在乙醚与水间。使用水及2M硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤有机层,随后经活性碳处理并经硫酸镁干燥。通过硅藻土垫及硅胶过滤混合物,并在真空中浓缩滤液以获得含有产物、乙酸及溶剂的油(4.9g)。此物质不经额外纯化即用于下一步骤。GCMS m/z 322.0[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.95(s,1H),7.12(s,1H)。
步骤2.合成(2E)-3-[5-氯-2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]丁-2-烯酸乙酯(C46)。
搅拌C45(获自先前步骤;4.9g,≤15.3mmol)与碳酸钾(10.5g,76.0mmol)在乙腈(100mL)中的混合物10分钟。添加丁-2-酸乙酯(2.0mL,17mmol),于回流下加热反应混合物过夜;GCMS分析指示部分转化为产物。将反应混合物分配在1M盐酸水溶液及1:1乙醚与庚烷的混合物间。使用水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤有机层,随后经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至25%乙酸乙酯)获得回收的C45(2.84g)及产物与脱碘类似物(0.88g)的混合物。回收的C45再次经所述反应条件并以相同方式处理,获得呈缓慢固化的稠油的产物(1.2g)并回收C45(1.6g)。将部分此C45(1.2g,3.7mmol)溶于甲苯(10mL)并经1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(411mg,3.66mmol),接着丁-2-酸乙酯(1mL,9mmol)处理。于100℃加热反应混合物18小时,随后冷却至室温并与0.88g上文分离的物质合并。将此混合物分配在乙醚与1M盐酸水溶液间;使用1M盐酸水溶液及水洗涤有机层,随后经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得额外呈油的产物(2.0g)。合并产率:经2步3.2g,7.4mmol,48%。GCMS m/z 434.1[M+]。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.14(s,1H),7.20(br s,1H),4.80-4.82(m,1H),4.14(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.54(d,J=0.6Hz,3H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤3.合成6-氯-2-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1-苯并呋喃-3-甲酸乙酯(C47)。
使用氮气吹扫C46(3.10g,7.13mmol)在乙腈(20mL)中的溶液10分钟,随后以三乙胺(5.0mL,36mmol),接着以双(三叔丁基膦)钯(0)(184mg,0.360mmol)处理。于90℃加热反应混合物1小时,随即将其分配在乙醚与1M盐酸水溶液间。使用水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,并经活性碳处理。通过硅藻土垫过滤该混合物,并在真空中浓缩该滤液。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至5%乙酸乙酯)获得呈淡白色/棕黄色固体的产物。产率:1.00g,3.26mmol,46%。GCMS m/z 306.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(s,1H),7.60(s,1H),4.44(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.80(s,3H),1.46(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤4.合成4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酸(C48)。
使用叔丁醇钾(在四氢呋喃中1M溶液;3.59mL,3.59mmol)处理碘化三甲基氧化锍(98%,820mg,3.7mmol)在二甲基亚砜(5mL)中的悬浮液,于室温搅拌20分钟。添加C47(1.00g,3.26mmol)在二甲基亚砜(5mL)及四氢呋喃(3mL)中的溶液,并持续搅拌1.5小时。于此时,引入额外的碘化三甲基氧化锍(98%,125mg,0.557mmol)及叔丁醇钾(在四氢呋喃中1M溶液;0.5mL,0.5mmol),容许反应进行1.5小时。添加粉碎的氢氧化钾颗粒(85%,540mg,8.2mmol),搅拌反应混合物2小时;随后经由添加1M盐酸水溶液调节至pH 4至5。使用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,及使用水与饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以获得呈膏状固体的产物(1.16g);藉由1H NMR分析,此物质是不纯的,不经额外纯化即用于下一步骤。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),仅产物峰:δ13.2-13.4(v br s,1H),7.94(s,1H),7.35(s,1H),1.97(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),1.80(s,3H),1.07(d,J=6.4Hz,1H)。
步骤5.合成4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酰胺(C49)。
根据在实施例6及7中针对由C37合成C38所描述的方法将C48(获自先前步骤;1.10g,≤3.1mmol)转化为该产物。将该产物分离,为稠油(1.1g),藉由1H NMR分析,其是不纯的;此物质不经额外纯化即用于下一步骤。GCMS m/z 291.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),仅产物峰:δ7.76(s,1H),7.33(s,1H),2.03(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),1.68(s,3H),0.79(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
步骤6.合成1-[4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C50)。
将双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝钠(在甲苯中3.3M溶液;4.2mL,13.9mmol)添加至C49(获自先前步骤;1.0g,≤2.8mmol)在甲苯(25mL)与四氢呋喃(5mL)中的溶液中。在于室温2小时后,在冰浴中冷却反应,使用氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,25mL,25mmol)终止反应,经乙醚萃取。使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩,获得呈稠胶的产物(865mg)。藉由1H NMR分析,此物质是不纯的;其不经额外纯化即用于下一步骤。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.66(s,1H),6.94(s,1H),3.39(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),2.89(d,J=14.1Hz,1H),1.77(s,3H),1.01(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),0.54(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤7.合成2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(10)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(11)。
将1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(97%,671mg,4.68mmol)添加至C50(获自先前步骤;865mg,≤2.8mmol)及C10(993mg,4.05mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)中的混合物中。在2小时后,将三氟乙酸乙酯(0.93mL,7.8mmol)添加至反应混合物,并持续搅拌1小时。添加氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,10mL,10mmol)及搅拌混合物15分钟,随即将其分配在水与乙酸乙酯间。使用水洗涤有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在经由硅胶上层析(梯度:0%至10%甲醇于乙酸乙酯中)纯化残留物后,使用乙醚将其研磨,及经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:20%(1:1乙腈/甲醇)于二氧化碳中]将所得固体(470mg)分离为其组分对映体。随后将各个对映体溶于乙酸乙酯(10mL),经过注射过滤器。在真空中浓缩洗脱液并用乙醚研磨以获得呈固体的各个产物。
化合物10为第二洗脱的对映体。产率:经4步114mg,0.226mmol,8%。LCMS m/z505.4,507.4[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.31(br s,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.31(br s,1H),7.27(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.04(s,1H),4.85(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),4.33(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,6,4Hz,1H),4.19(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,9,4Hz,1H),3.73(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,4Hz,1H),3.5-3.58(m,1H),3.50(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.23(br s,3H),1.87(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),0.63(d,J=6.7Hz,1H)。
首先洗脱的对映体系11。产率:经4步122mg,0.242mmol,9%。LCMS m/z 505.4,507.3[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.30(br s,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.30(br s,1H),7.27(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.04(s,1H),4.85(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.33(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,6,4Hz,1H),4.19(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,9,4Hz,1H),3.73(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,6,4Hz,1H),3.54(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=13,9,4Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),2.23(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.87(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),0.63(d,J=6.6Hz,1H)。
实施例12及13
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(12)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(13)
步骤1.合成4-溴-1-(二氟甲氧基)-2-氟苯(C51)。
于70℃下将4-溴-2-氟苯酚(2.78mL,25.4mmol)添加至碳酸铯(97%,12.8g,38.1mmol)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(100mL)及水(10mL)的混合物中。随后历时30分钟分批引入氯(二氟)乙酸钠(9.69g,63.6mmol)。容许该反应混合物于70℃搅拌过夜,随即将其冷却至室温并倒入水中。使用乙酸乙酯萃取所得混合物三次;按顺序使用1M氢氧化钠水溶液、水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。硅胶层析(梯度:于庚烷中0%至20%乙酸乙酯)获得呈无色油的产物。产率:1.50g,6.22mmol,24%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(dd,J=9.7,2.3Hz,1H),7.28(ddd,J=8.7,2.2,1.6Hz,1H),7.14(br dd,J=8.6,8.4Hz,1H),6.54(t,JHF=73.0Hz,1H)。
步骤2.合成4-(二氟甲氧基)-3-氟苯酚(C52)。
使用氮气吹扫水(3mL)与1,4-二噁烷(3mL)的混合物15分钟,随即添加氢氧化钾(85%,1.64g,24.8mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)(57mg,62mmol)及二叔丁基[3,4,5,6-四甲基-2',4',6'-三(丙-2-基)联苯-2-基]磷烷(97%,123mg,0.248mmol)。在添加C51(1.50g,6.22mmol)后,于100℃加热反应混合物1小时,随后冷却至室温并经氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,100mL)处理。使用乙醚(50mL)洗涤所得混合物,经由添加浓盐酸调节至酸性pH,经乙醚(2x150mL)萃取。合并这些萃取物,使用脱色碳处理,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩,获得呈油的产物(1.36g)。藉由1H NMR分析,此物质含有大量溶剂,不经额外纯化即用于下一步骤。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.08(br dd,J=8.9,8.9Hz,1H),6.65(dd,J=11.6,2.9Hz,1H),6.56(ddd,J=8.9,2.9,1.5Hz,1H),6.45(t,JHF=73.9Hz,1H)。
步骤3.合成2-溴-4-(二氟甲氧基)-5-氟苯酚(C53)。
在冰浴中冷却C52(获自先前步骤;1.36g,≤6.22mmol,由1H NMR谱分析估计含有~4.6mmol C52)在二氯甲烷(23mL)中的溶液并使用溴(0.24mL,4.6mmol)以逐滴方式处理。容许将反应混合物缓慢加热至室温过夜,随即使用硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。获得呈油的产物(1.4g),藉由1H NMR分析判定其含有溶剂;此物质直接用于下一步骤。GCMS m/z 256.0[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.40(br d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),6.47(t,JHF=73.2Hz,1H),5.67-5.78(br s,1H)。
步骤4.合成(2E)-3-[2-溴-4-(二氟甲氧基)-5-氟苯氧基]丁-2-烯酸乙酯(C54)。
将1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(589mg,5.25mmol)添加至C53(获自先前步骤;1.4g,由1H NMR谱分析估计含有~4.3mmol C53)及丁-2-酸乙酯(0.90mL,7.7mmol)在甲苯(13mL)中的溶液中。于90℃加热反应混合物6小时,随即将其冷却至室温并分配在1M盐酸水溶液及乙醚间。按顺序使用1M盐酸水溶液、1M氢氧化钠水溶液及水洗涤有机层。其随后经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。在硅胶上层析(梯度:0%至5%乙酸乙酯于庚烷中)获得呈稠油的产物。产率:经3步1.23g,3.33mmol,54%。GCMS m/z 323,325[M-(OEt)]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55(br d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),6.56(t,JHF=72.5Hz,1H),4.78(s,1H),4.13(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.52(s,3H),1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤5.合成5-(二氟甲氧基)-6-氟-2-甲基-1-苯并呋喃-3-甲酸乙酯(C55)。
使用氮气吹扫C54(1.23g,3.33mmol)及三乙胺(2.0mL,14mmol)在乙腈(10mL)中的溶液15分钟。引入双(三叔丁基膦)钯(0)(170mg,0.33mmol),并于90℃加热反应混合物2小时,随即将其冷却至室温并分配在庚烷与1M盐酸水溶液间。使用1M盐酸水溶液与水洗涤该有机层,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。将所得固体溶于甲醇(30mL)中,经脱色碳处理,搅拌10分钟,并通过硅藻土过滤。在减压下移除溶剂获得淡白色固体产物。产率:510mg,1.77mmol,53%。GCMS m/z 288.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),6.57(t,JHF=73.8Hz,1H),4.42(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.77(s,3H),1.45(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤6.合成5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酸(C56)。
将叔丁醇钾(1.0M溶液,2.1mL,2.1mmol)添加至碘化三甲基氧化锍(98%,0.477g,2.12mmol)在二甲基亚砜(4.5mL)中的悬浮液中,容许于室温搅拌混合物30分钟。随后历时15分钟以逐滴方式引入C55(510mg,1.77mmol)在四氢呋喃(2.5mL)中的溶液,并于室温搅拌反应混合物1小时。添加粉碎的氢氧化钾颗粒(85%,0.292g,4.42mmol),使用水(25mL)稀释并使用庚烷(50mL)洗涤。在冰浴中冷却水层并经由添加浓盐酸调节pH 4至5。使用乙醚萃取混合物,并使用水及饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。获得呈稠油的产物,在静置时该产物固化为黄橙色固体。产率:214mg,0.780mmol,44%。LCMS m/z 273.4[M-H+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.68(d,J=10Hz,1H),6.48(t,JHF=73.9Hz,1H),2.04(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),1.88(s,3H),0.99(d,J=6.2Hz,1H)。
步骤7.合成5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-甲酰胺(C57)。
使用在实施例6及7中针对由C37合成C38所描述的方法将化合物C56(214mg,0.780mmol)转化为产物。获得呈稠油的产物(200mg),经由1H NMR分析其含有大量溶剂;此物质直接用于下一步骤。GCMS m/z 273.1[M+]。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),仅产物峰:δ7.33(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),6.49(t,JHF=73.5Hz,1H),5.77-5.99(br m,2H),2.11(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),1.74(s,3H),0.77(d,J=6.3Hz,1H)。
步骤8.合成1-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲胺(C58)。
在冰浴中冷却C57(获自先前步骤;200mg,<0.73mmol)在甲苯中的溶液并经双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝钠(在甲苯中3.3M溶液,0.56mL,1.8mmol)缓慢处理,同时保持内部反应温度低于15℃。在完成添加时,移除冰浴并容许将反应加热至室温并搅拌过夜。再次添加双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝钠(于甲苯中3.3M溶液,2.2mL,7.3mmol),并持续于室温下搅拌24小时,随即引入额外的双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢化铝钠(在甲苯中3.3M溶液,2.7mL,8.9mmol)。于室温搅拌反应混合物24小时后,于50℃加热24小时。容许将其冷却至室温,在冰浴中进一步冷却,并经由缓慢添加氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,50mL)终止反应,同时维持内部温度低于30℃。搅拌混合物15分钟,随即使用乙醚(3x20mL)萃取;经硫酸钠干燥已合并的有机层,过滤,并在真空中浓缩以获得呈稠油的产物(105mg),经由1H NMR分析其实质上是不纯的。此物质直接用于下一步骤。GCMS m/z 242.1[M-NH3]+。
步骤9.合成2-{[(1aS,6bS)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(12)及2-{[(1aR,6bR)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(13)。
将1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-2H-嘧啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶(97%,94.7mg,0.660mmol)添加至C58(获自先前步骤;105mg,<0.40mmol)及C10(129mg,0.526mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1mL)中的混合物中,并于室温搅拌反应混合物2小时。添加三氟乙酸乙酯(0.12mL,1.01mmol),并在搅拌额外1小时后,使用氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,1.5mL)处理反应混合物并搅拌30分钟,随即使用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。使用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤已合并的有机层两次,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,并在真空中浓缩。使残留物经硅胶上层析(梯度:于二氯甲烷中0%至3%甲醇),接着藉由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-H,5μm;流动相:30%(含有0.6%氢氧化铵的甲醇)在二氧化碳]纯化。
化合物12系第二洗脱的对映体。产率:经三步4.4mg,9.0μmol,1.2%。LCMS m/z487.3[M+H]+。滞留时间:3.86分钟{经由超临界流体层析法分析[管柱:ChiralTechnologies Chiralpak AD-H,4.6x100mm,5μm;流动相:于二氧化碳中40%(含有0.6%氢氧化铵的甲醇);流速:1.5mL/分钟]}。。
首先洗脱的对映体系13。产率:经三步4.4mg,9.0μmol,1.2%。LCMS m/z 487.3[M+H]+。滞留时间:2.81分钟(使用与12相同的分析系统)。
实施例14
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-[4-(羟甲基)-1H-咪唑-1-基]-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮(14)
将化合物6(0.4mg,800nmol)与肝微粒体(获自雄性猴;1.5mg/mL)、氯化镁(3.3mM)及NADPH(1.3mM)在0.1M磷酸钾缓冲液(pH 7.4,孵育溶液总体积,40mL)一起孵育。于37℃在水浴中摇晃反应混合物67分钟,随即添加乙腈(40mL)并于1700g下旋转混合物5分钟。上清液经真空离心至约15mL体积,向其中添加甲酸(0.5mL)、乙腈(0.5mL)及水(足以达到总体积50mL)。于40000g下旋转混合物30分钟。经由反相层析(管柱:Agilent Polaris C18,5μm;流动相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液;流动相B:乙腈;梯度:1%至90%B))纯化上清液以获得产物。产率:17μg,32nmol,4%。LCMS m/z 521.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6),特征峰:δ8.25(s,1H),7.84(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.49(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.07-7.12(m,2H),4.58(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),4.39(s,2H),4.16-4.22(m,1H),4.13(ddd,ABXY谱图之一半,J=14,8,4Hz,1H),3.68-3.74(m,1H),3.54(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),3.50(ddd,J=13,8,4Hz,1H),1.80(s,3H),0.59(d,J=6.4Hz,1H)。
表6.实施例15至22的合成方法及理化数据
1.经由超临界流体层析法(管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD-3,3μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:含有0.05%二乙胺的甲醇;梯度:5%至40%B)从外消旋混合物分离实施例15及16。分析型超临界流体层析法(管柱:Chiralpak AD-3,150x4.6mm,3μm;流动相A:二氧化碳;流动相B:含有0.05%二乙胺的甲醇;梯度:经5.5min由5%至40%B,随后40%B持续2分钟;流速:2.5mL/分钟)产生滞留时间5.69分钟(实施例15)及滞留时间5.42分钟(实施例16)。
2.经由以N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺及硫酸处理3-氟-4-(三氟甲基)苯酚在乙酸中的溶液合成了必要的5-氟-2-碘-4-(三氟甲基)苯酚。
3.经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Princeton PPU,5μm;流动相:于二氧化碳中30%(于乙醇中0.2%氢氧化铵)]从外消旋混合物中分离实施例17及18。在此系统中实施例17系第二洗脱的对映体,实施例18首先洗脱。
4.经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD,10μm;流动相:于二氧化碳中35%(含有0.1%氢氧化铵的甲醇)]从外消旋混合物中分离实施例19及20。在此系统中实施例19系第二洗脱的对映体,实施例20首先洗脱。
5.在此情形下,未经由氢化进行苄基醚的裂解;而是在二氯甲烷用2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌处理以获得对应醛,使用硼氢化钠将其还原。
6.经由超临界流体层析法[管柱:Chiral Technologies Chiralpak AD,5μm,流动相:在二氧化碳中40%(含有0.05%二乙胺的甲醇)]从外消旋混合物中分离实施例21及22。在此系统中实施例21系第二洗脱的对映体,实施例22首先洗脱。
使用ELISA检测法的基于细胞的γ-分泌酶测定
使用过度表达人类WT-APP的CHO细胞测定化合物调节淀粉样β蛋白质Aβ(1-42)的产生的能力。在96孔经组织培养物处理的透明板(Falcon)的基于DMEM/F12的培养基中,以22000个细胞/100μL孔涂布细胞并于37℃孵育24h。将用于测试的化合物于100%DMSO中稀释,获得用于IC50测定的十一个点、半对数、剂量效应。在新鲜制备的培养基中添加化合物,以达到1%最终DMSO。将适合的媒剂或抑制剂对照单独地添加至对照孔,以分别获得最小或最大抑制值,用于分析信号窗,然后于37℃孵育板~24h。此程序在各个孔中产生条件培养基,并在下文描述的ELISA检测步骤中测试孔的Aβ(1-42)含量。亦如下文描述,测试各个孔中残留细胞培养物的细胞毒性。
藉由将50μL/孔的在0.1M NaHCO3(pH 9.0)中的自制Aβ(1-42)特异性抗体(3μg/mL)添加至黑色384-孔板(Nunc)开始涂覆ELISA测定板;于4℃孵育过夜。随后从ELISA测定板吸出捕捉抗体,并使用洗涤缓冲液(杜贝卡氏(Dulbecco’s)PBS,0.05%Tween 20)以Matrical Squirt板清洗仪洗涤该板(2x100μL)或以Thermo Combi洗涤该板(3x90μL)。随后将90μL/板的封闭缓冲液(杜贝卡氏PBS,1.0%BSA(Sigma A7030)添加至该板。让其在环境温度下孵育最少2h。随后移除封闭缓冲液,且随后添加20μL/孔的测定缓冲液(杜贝卡氏PBS,1.0%BSA(Sigma A7030),0.05%Tween 20)。此时,将35μL(在2012年8月之前40μL)(一式两份)实验性条件培养基(如上文描述)转移至含有捕捉抗体的封闭ELISA板的孔中,接着于4℃孵育过夜。亦在移除用于Aβ(1-42)测定的条件培养基后,根据制造商说明藉由色度法细胞增殖测定法(CellTiterAQueous One Solution CellProliferation Assay,Promega)在对应的残留细胞中测量细胞毒性。
ELISA测定板于4℃孵育过夜后,经由使用清洗缓冲液以Matrical Squirt板清洗仪清洗(2x100μL)或以Thermo Combi清洗(3x90μL),移除未结合的Aβ肽。添加在测定缓冲液中的铕(Eu)标记(常用标记,PerkinElmer)的Aβ(1-16)6e10单克隆抗体(Covance#SIG-39320),(50μL/孔Eu-6e10,在1:10000下,20uM EDTA)。于环境温度孵育最少2h,接着使用清洗缓冲液以Matrical Squirt板清洗仪清洗(2x100μL)或以Thermo Combi清洗(3x90μL),然后添加30μL/孔的Delfia增强液(PerkinElmer)。在环境温度孵育30至60min后,使用标准DELFIA TRF设置,在EnVision板读取器(PerkinElmer)上读取该板。使用非线性回归拟合分析(内部软件)及最大和最小抑制对照的适当板平均值来进行包括抑制IC50测定在内的数据分析。
实施例1至22的化合物及C22、C33、C40与C44的生物学数据参见以下表7:
表7.
a.报告的IC50值系来自单一测定。
b.报告的IC50值系≥5次测定的几何平均值。
Claims (29)
1.具有式I结构的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
X系含有1至3个杂原子的(5至14元)杂芳基;
R1,若化学上容许,系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代(oxo)、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;
R2a及R2b,若化学上容许,在每次出现时,系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R2a及R2b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基或(4至10元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基及所述(4至10元)杂环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R4a及R4b,若化学上容许,系各自独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R4a及R4b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R5a及R5b在每次出现时系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R5a及R5b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及-OR9组成的群;条件是R6及R7不均是羟基;
R8在每次出现时系独立地选自由氰基、卤素、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
R9系选自由氢及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
y系选自1、2、3或4的整数;
环B系任选地被一至三个R10取代;其中各R10系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或两个R10取代基与其连接的碳原子一起形成任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基;
环D系任选地被一至四个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的(4至6元)杂环烷基;-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;且
R4及R5在每次出现时各自独立地选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
2.权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X由下列表示:
Xi)含有1至3个杂原子的(5至6元)杂芳基;
Xii)含有1至3个杂原子的(6元)杂芳基;或
Xiii)含有1至3个杂原子的(5元)杂芳基。
3.权利要求2的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X系选自由三唑基、咪唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡唑基、异噻唑基、噻唑基、异噁唑基及噁唑基组成的群的(5元)杂芳基。
4.权利要求3的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X系咪唑基。
5.权利要求3的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中X系三唑基。
6.权利要求2至5中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1,若化学上容许,系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;
R2a及R2b,若化学上容许,在每次出现时系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R2a及R2b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基或(4至10元)杂环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基及所述(4至10元)杂环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R4a及R4b,若化学上容许,系各自独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R4a及R4b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R5a及R5b在每次出现时系独立地选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4及-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或R5a及R5b连同其连接的碳原子一起形成(C3-C8)环烷基,其中所述(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个R8取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的苯基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4及-OR9组成的群;条件是R6及R7不均是羟基;
R8在每次出现时系独立地选自由氰基、卤素、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
R9系选自由氢及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基组成的群;
y系选自1、2、3或4的整数;
环B系任选地被一至三个R10取代;其中各R10系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;或两个R10取代基与其连接的碳原子一起形成任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基;
环D系任选地被一至四个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、硝基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C2-C6)烯基、任选取代的(C2-C6)炔基、任选取代的硫(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基、任选取代的(4至6元)杂环烷基;-N(R4)(R5)、-N(R4)(C=(O)R5)、-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-O-C(=O)N(R4)(R5)、-C(=O)-R4、-C(=O)-OR4组成的群;且
R4及R5在每次出现时各自独立地选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
7.权利要求3的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a及R2b系各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b系各自独立选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R6及R7系各自独立选自由氢、氰基、卤素、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
y系1;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自由卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基、-SF5、-N(R4)(R5)、硝基及任选取代的(C3-C8)环烷基组成的群,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基及(C3-C8)环烷基系任选地被一至三个独立选自卤素、氰基、羟基、-SF5及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基的取代基取代,其中R4及R5系各自独立选自氢或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基。
8.权利要求7的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1系任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;且
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系
i)氢;或
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代。
9.权利要求8的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1系甲基;且R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢。
10.权利要求8的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1系甲基;R2a、R2b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢;且R4a及R4b之一者系氢且另一者系甲基。
11.权利要求8的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1系甲基;R2a及R2b之一者系氢且另一者系甲基;且R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立地系氢。
12.具有式II结构的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自卤素、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基;
限制条件为所述化合物不为7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮。
13.权利要求12的化合物,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个氟原子取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立选自氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯,或
ii)(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯;
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其选自由氟甲基、二氟甲基及三氟甲基组成的群;且
iii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基选自由氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基组成的群。
14.权利要求12的化合物,其中R1系(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述烷基系甲基。
15.具有式III结构的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个选自卤素、氧代、氰基、羟基或-SF5的取代基取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b系各自独立选自氢、卤素、氰基、羟基或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系独立地选自卤素或任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系独立地选自卤素、任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基及任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基。
16.权利要求15的化合物,其中:
R1系选自由氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基组成的群;其中所述(C1-C6)烷基及(C1-C6)烷氧基系任选地被一至三个氟原子取代;
R2a、R2b、R4a、R4b、R5a及R5b各自独立选自氢或(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;
环B系任选地被一至两个R10取代,其中各R10系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯,或
ii)(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述(C1-C6)烷基系甲基;且
环D系任选地被一至三个R11取代,其中各R11系选自:
i)卤素,其选自氟或氯;
ii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷基,其系选自由氟甲基、二氟甲基及三氟甲基组成的群;且
iii)任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基,其中所述任选取代的(C1-C6)烷氧基系选自由氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基及三氟甲氧基组成的群。
17.选自由下列组成的群的化合物:
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-5-(二氟甲氧基)-4-氟-1a-甲基-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-[4-(羟甲基)-1H-咪唑-1-基]-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aS,6bS)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-2-{[(1aR,6bR)-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;
2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮;或
其药学上可接受的盐。
18.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
19.2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
20.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
21.2-{[(1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲氧基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
22.2-{[(1aS,6bS)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
23.2-{[(1aR,6bR)-4-氯-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b][1]苯并呋喃-6b-基]甲基}-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
24.2-(((1aS,6bS)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b]苯并呋喃-6b-基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
25.2-(((1aR,6bR)-4-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b]苯并呋喃-6b-基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
26.2-(((1aS,6bS)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b]苯并呋喃-6b-基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
27.2-(((1aR,6bR)-3-氟-1a-甲基-5-(三氟甲基)-1,1a-二氢-6bH-环丙[b]苯并呋喃-6b-基)甲基)-7-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,6-二酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
28.权利要求1至27中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于减少有此需要的个体中淀粉样β(Aβ)蛋白质的产生。
29.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至27中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
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EA033423B1 (ru) | 2019-10-31 |
US20160222007A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
US9765073B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 |
KR20170113603A (ko) | 2017-10-12 |
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TWI616445B (zh) | 2018-03-01 |
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UY36546A (es) | 2016-08-31 |
CN107406445B (zh) | 2019-12-24 |
EP3253755A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
MX368391B (es) | 2019-09-30 |
US20170096428A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
KR102000382B1 (ko) | 2019-07-15 |
MX2017010019A (es) | 2017-10-24 |
AU2016214102A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
BR112017015693A2 (pt) | 2018-03-20 |
TW201630913A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
ECSP17050310A (es) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2016214102B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
ES2818806T3 (es) | 2021-04-14 |
WO2016125048A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
PH12017501369A1 (en) | 2017-12-18 |
TN2017000342A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
JP6628805B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 |
CA2919338A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
DK3253755T3 (da) | 2020-09-28 |
IL253635A0 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
AR103582A1 (es) | 2017-05-17 |
EP3253755B1 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
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