CN107389144A - A kind of downhole fluid flow-measuring method and flowmeter - Google Patents
A kind of downhole fluid flow-measuring method and flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389144A CN107389144A CN201710625027.3A CN201710625027A CN107389144A CN 107389144 A CN107389144 A CN 107389144A CN 201710625027 A CN201710625027 A CN 201710625027A CN 107389144 A CN107389144 A CN 107389144A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of downhole fluid flow-measuring method and flowmeter, including：Sense light source module, fiber optical circulator, optical fiber sensing structure and signal processing module.On the one hand the part that light wave is transmitted in sensor fibre is reflected back sensor fibre by the fibre-optical probe in the optical fiber sensing structure, form the reflected beams one, on the other hand remainder light wave is incided in detected fluid, and rear orientation light caused by fluid is coupled back into the sensor fibre, form the reflected beams two.The reflected beams one or two produce interference in sensor fibre, can obtain the frequency of light wave change information modulated by fluid velocity by the analysis to interference signal, and then obtain fluid flow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of downhole fluid flow-measuring method and flowmeter, belong to measurement of fluid flow field.
Background technology
Measurement of fluid flow is one of important symbol of running status in industrial process.How the stream of fluid is accurately measured
Amount, either still all has great importance in the industry in life.Particularly in industrial scene, such as Oil/gas Well
The measurement of fluid flow in lower or petroleum pipeline, how accurately to measure has great significance, more preferable detection mode
It can have the function that to realize high-acruracy survey under rugged environment.In the common situation where, the measurement side of our existing many
Case, such as supersonic sounding can realize traffic probe.But under the scene of complexity, for example underground, instrument need to be subjected to
High temperature, high pressure, still suffer from the impact of silt, and the long durability of measurement accuracy and instrument becomes unmanageable.Now, just need
Want that adaptability is stronger, more accurate traffic probe mode.
Instrument currently used for measuring fluid flow mainly has：Electromagnetic induction flowmeter, turbine flowmeter, Vortex flow
Meter, differential pressure flowmeter, ultrasonic flowmeter etc..
Electromagnetic flowmeter is designed based on Faraday's law, directly proportional to instantaneous volume flow rate according to induced electromotive force,
Fluid flow is calculated by the measurement to induced electromotive force.But electromagnetic flowmeter is only used for conductor fluid measurement, typically
Industrial electromagnetic flowmeter maximum caliber can only be accomplished within 3m, not be very big pipeline for diameter, it is easy in pipeline
Interior formation uniform magnetic field.And for more than 10m Large Diameter Pipeline, the stabilizing magnetic field that form encirclement pipeline is not easy to, and
And electromagnetic flowmeter also has certain requirement for duct length.Therefore, electromagnetic flowmeter can not accurately detect big-diameter pipeline
Interior flow.
Ultrasonic flowmeter is a kind of non-contacting measurement device.When fluid passes through ultrasonic flow timing, ultrasonic wave passes
Time difference for broadcasting, phase difference, difference on the frequency etc. and rate of flow of fluid are in functional relation, by detect time difference of ultrasonic wave, phase difference,
Difference on the frequency can be obtained by the flow velocity of fluid, and then converse the flow of fluid.But for ultrasonic flowmeter, Ren Heji
Tool vibration caused by sound wave all can be to ultrasonic flowmeter measurement sound wave disturb, particularly in this complicated ring in underground
Under border, miscellaneous sound wave can all produce, and have a strong impact on the measurement accuracy of instrument.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, one aspect of the present invention is, the present invention provides a fluid flow
Measuring instrument, comprising：
One sensing light source module, a fiber optical circulator, an optical fiber sensing structure and a signal processing module；Pass
Photosensitive source module launches the light wave of certain spectrum width and power, by circulator, then passes through fibre-optical probe and optical fiber sensing structure
On optical window be irradiated in detected fluid, detected fluid molecule or particle are had an effect with light wave, caused back scattering
Light is returned in optical fiber by fibre-optical probe, and produces interference with the reflected light of fibre-optical probe end face, and interference light is entered by circulator
It is mapped on the photodetector in signal processing module.Described circulator one end with sensing light source be connected, be left both ends one end and
The fibre-optical probe connection, the other end are connected with signal processing module.
The optical signal for inciding the optical frequency change information with fluid velocity modulation on photodetector is converted to telecommunications
Number, frequency change information therein is obtained by spectrum analysis module.Pass through formulaCalculate the speed of fluid
Degree, formula Q=ν tS are recycled to demodulate the flow of fluid；
The optical fiber sensing structure includes sensor fibre, metal shell, optical windshield, fibre-optical probe, the optics glass
Glass window is arranged on metal shell；The fibre-optical probe output end is arranged at optical windshield, and the input of fibre-optical probe connects
Connect sensor fibre；Filler is set to be used for fixing internal sensor fibre and fibre-optical probe inside the metal shell.
Further, the metal shell uses all steel structure, in order under the conditions of harsh environments (such as
Have corrosive medium in high temperature, high pressure and silting or fluid), optical fiber sensing structure energy normal use can be protected；
Further, the optical windshield on the metal shell, the light wave for being easy to fibre-optical probe to export can incide stream
On body, and rear orientation light returns to fibre-optical probe；In order to preferably protect fibre-optical probe, the optical windshield is using blue precious
Stone material matter.
A kind of fluid velocity measuring method, step are as follows：
Light source transmitting lightwave signal is sensed, by the sensor fibre, is irradiated to by fibre-optical probe on tested fluid；
Particulate and the light wave of incidence are acted in detected fluid molecule or fluid, and incident light wave is dissipated to all directions
Penetrate；Because the incident direction and fluid direction of motion of light wave are in a θ angle, according to Selections from The Principle of Relativity and the permanent principle of light velocity, stream
Scattering light has a frequency shift amount f compared with the frequency of former incident light wave caused by bodyD；
A portion scattering light returned to again by fibre-optical probe in sensor fibre, and with the reflection of fibre-optical probe end face
Light produces interference, and interference light is incided on the photodetector of signal processing module by a circulator, is converted to electric signal
Output, electric signal obtain frequency shift amount f by spectrum analysis moduleD。
Obtain frequency shift amount fDAfterwards, you can according to formulaCalculate the speed of fluid.Wherein ν is institute's flow measurement
The speed of body, θ are the angle of incident light and fluid direction of motion, λ for used laser wavelength.
A kind of fluid flow calculates method, and step is as follows：
The step of comprising using above-mentioned measurement fluid velocity used；
Fluid flow is calculated using formula Q=ν tS.Wherein, Q represent fluid flow, t represent measurement when
Between, S represents the cross-sectional area of detected fluid conveying pipe
The situation of prior art is different from, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The invention provides a kind of method for measuring fluid flow, a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor knot is devised during measurement
Structure.The optical fiber sensing structure is made up of following sections：Sensor fibre, metal shell, optical windshield, fibre-optical probe.Institute
State fibre-optical probe to be made up of optical fiber GRIN Lens, its end face is coated with the reflectance coating of certain reflectivity；On the one hand fibre-optical probe will
The part that light wave is transmitted in the sensor fibre is reflected back sensor fibre, the reflected beams one is formed, on the other hand by remainder
Light splitting ripple is incided in detected fluid, and rear orientation light caused by fluid is coupled back into the sensor fibre, forms reflection
Light beam two.The reflected beams one and the reflected beams two produce interference in sensor fibre, can be obtained by the analysis to interference signal
The frequency of light wave change information of fluid velocity modulation, and then obtain fluid flow.Further, the metal shell uses entirely not
Become rusty steel construction, in order to (for example have corrosion in high temperature, high pressure and silting or fluid under the conditions of harsh environments
Medium), protect optical fiber sensing structure energy normal use.Utilize the skills such as light wave measurement high-resolution, high sensitivity, Larger Dynamic scope
Art advantage so that the present invention compared to traditional flowmeter, such as ultrasonic meter, possess more outstanding performance with
And stronger adverse circumstances adaptability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of optical fiber sensing structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is downhole fluid molecule or KPT Scatter schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is measurement of fluid flow instrument structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of downhole fluid flowmeter provided in the lump referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, including：
One sensing light source module, for launching the light wave of certain spectrum width and power.
One optical fiber sensing structure is made up of following sections：Sensor fibre 1, metal shell 3, optical windshield
5th, fibre-optical probe 4.The fibre-optical probe 4 is made up of optical fiber GRIN Lens, and its end face is coated with the reflectance coating of certain reflectivity；Light
The part that light wave is transmitted in the sensor fibre is reflected back sensor fibre by fibre 4 one side of probe, forms the reflected beams one, separately
On the one hand remainder light wave is incided in detected fluid, and rear orientation light caused by fluid is coupled back into the sensing
Optical fiber, form the reflected beams two.The reflected beams one and the reflected beams two produce interference in sensor fibre, by interference signal
Analysis can obtain fluid velocity modulation frequency of light wave change information, and then obtain fluid flow.Further, the metal
Shell 3 use all steel structure, in order under the conditions of harsh environments (such as high temperature, high pressure and silting or
Have corrosive medium in person's fluid), protect optical fiber sensing structure energy normal use.Further, there is optics on the metal shell
Windowpane 5, in order to which the light wave of fibre-optical probe output can be incided on fluid, and rear orientation light returns to caused by fluid
Fibre-optical probe.In order to better adapt to harsh environments, the optical windshield uses sapphire material.
One fiber optical circulator, for connecting the sensing light source and the optical fiber sensing structure.By the sensing light source
Light wave transmissions are emitted into optical fiber sensing structure, and the interference light that optical fiber sensing structure is sent back is transferred to signal transacting
Module.
One photodetector, is connected with the fiber optical circulator, the interference light transmitted for reception optical fiber sensing arrangement,
And interference light is converted into electric signal output.
One spectrum analysis module, is connected with the photodetector, the electric signal analysis to its output of photodetection, obtains
To frequency displacement fD。
One Embedded Computer On Modules, is connected with the spectrum analysis module, for calculating the speed and flow of fluid.
Sensing light source module sends the light wave of certain spectrum width and power, enters circulator from the port of fiber optical circulator 1,
The optical fiber sensing structure is reached by the port of circulator 2, then is irradiated to by fibre-optical probe in detected fluid, measured stream
Molecule or particle are had an effect with light wave in body, and caused rear orientation light is returned in optical fiber by fibre-optical probe, and and optical fiber
Probe tip face reflected light produces interference, and interference light is incided in the photodetector of signal processing module by the port of circulator 3.
The circulator a port is connected with sensing light source module, is left two ports one and is connected with the optical fiber sensing structure,
Another is connected with signal processing module.
Embodiment one：A kind of fluid velocity measuring method, is comprised the steps of：
When detected fluid passes through a tubular conduit.In the present embodiment, the tubular conduit is a cylindrical tube, its
Cross-sectional area is S, a length of L.
Light source transmitting light wave is sensed, by the sensor fibre, is irradiated to by fibre-optical probe on tested fluid.
Detected fluid molecule or particle acted with incident light wave, by incident light wave to all directions scatter；Due to
The incident direction of light wave is in a θ angle with fluid direction of motion, and scattering light is compared with the spectrum of former incident light wave caused by fluid
There is a frequency shift amount fD；
A portion scattering light is returned in sensor fibre again by fibre-optical probe, and sensing is returned to by a circulator
In optical fiber, interference is produced with fibre-optical probe end face reflection light, interference light is incided on photodetector, is converted into electric signal.
Gained electric signal passes through spectrum analysis module, obtains frequency shift amount fD。
Obtain frequency shift amount fDAfterwards, you can according to formulaCalculate the speed of fluid.Wherein ν is institute's flow measurement
The speed of body, θ are the angle of incident light and fluid direction of motion, λ for used laser wavelength.
FormulaDerivation it is as follows：
As shown in Fig. 2 setting S as light source, D is detector, and P is oil country tubular good, and M is molecule or particle in fluid, and θ is incidence
The angle of light direction and flow direction.When light source launches laser to the M moved, it may be considered that S is static, and M is motion.
According to frequency in the theory of relativity and the relation of speed, pulse frequency when can obtain reaching M is：
In order to try to achieve the frequency for the pulsed light for reaching detector, the light scattered by M can be regarded as motion, and detected
Device is static, can be obtained：
It is hereby achieved that Doppler frequency shift is：
Because c ＞ ＞ v, above formula can using abbreviation as：
Fluid flow is calculated using formula Q=ν tS；Wherein, Q represent fluid flow, t represent measurement when
Between, S represents the cross-sectional area of detected fluid.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other related skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. downhole fluid flowmeter, it is characterised in that including：Sense light source module, fiber optical circulator, Fibre Optical Sensor Structure and signal processing module, described fiber optical circulator one end be connecteds with sensing light source module, the one end at remaining both ends with it is described Optical fiber sensing structure is connected, and the other end is connected with signal processing module.The optical fiber sensing structure includes sensor fibre, metal shell, optical windshield, fibre-optical probe, the optical windshield It is arranged on metal shell；The fibre-optical probe output end is arranged at optical windshield, and the input connection of fibre-optical probe passes Photosensitive fibre；Filler is set to be used for fixing internal sensor fibre and fibre-optical probe inside the metal shell.The signal processing module includes photoelectric detection module, spectrum analysis module and Embedded Computer On Modules.
- 2. downhole fluid flowmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Light in the optical fiber sensing structure Fibre probe will produce two-beam, and light beam is returned in sensor fibre by its end face reflection, and light beam is produced simultaneously by fluid back scattering It is coupled in sensor fibre, the frequency of light wave change information of fluid velocity modulation is obtained after two-beam interference, and then obtains flow Information.
- 3. downhole fluid flowmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The metal shell is using complete stainless Steel knot, in order to protect optical fiber sensing structure energy normal use under the conditions of harsh environments.
- 4. downhole fluid flowmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The optical windshield is using blue precious Stone window mouth, the light wave for being easy to fibre-optical probe to export, which can incide on fluid and scatter light backward caused by fluid, returns to optical fiber Probe, and the optical fiber sensing structure energy normal work under the conditions of the harsh environments of HTHP.
- 5. downhole fluid flowmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fibre-optical probe uses self-focusing Lens, its end face are coated with the reflectance coating of certain reflectivity；Fibre-optical probe on the one hand by the light wave transmitted in the sensor fibre with Certain reflective goes back, and forms the reflected beams one, on the other hand then incides remainder light wave on fluid, and will stream Rear orientation light caused by body is coupled back into the sensor fibre and transmitted, and forms the reflected beams two, wherein the reflected beams one and anti- Irradiating light beam two produces interference in sensor fibre.The frequency of light wave of fluid velocity modulation can be obtained by the analysis to interference signal Change information, and then obtain fluid flow.
- A kind of 6. downhole fluid flow-measuring method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：Step 1：Optical fiber sensing structure is placed in detected fluid, allows sensing light source to launch the light wave of certain power, by described Sensor fibre, a part of light wave are returned in sensor fibre in the end face reflection of fibre-optical probe, and another part is then entered by fibre-optical probe It is mapped in detected fluid；Step 2：Particulate in detected fluid molecule or fluid is acted with incident light wave, and incident light wave is dissipated to all directions Penetrate；Because light wave incident direction and the direction of motion of particle are in a θ angle, according to Selections from The Principle of Relativity and the permanent principle of light velocity, grain Scattering light has a frequency shift amount f compared with former frequency of light wave caused by subD；Step 3：A portion scattering light returned to again by fibre-optical probe in sensor fibre, and with foregoing fibre-optical probe end face Reflecting light formed interference,Step 4：Interference light is incided on photodetector by a circulator, and electric signal is converted to by photodetector, is led to Cross spectrum analysis module and obtain frequency shift amount fD；Step 5：According to formulaCalculate the speed of fluid.Wherein ν is the speed of fluid being measured, and θ is incident light With the angle of fluid direction of motion, λ by use sense light source wavelength；Step 6：Fluid flow can be calculated using formula Q=ν tS, wherein, Q represents the flow of fluid, and t represents to survey The time of amount, S represent the cross-sectional area of detected fluid conveying pipe.
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| CN201710625027.3A CN107389144A (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | A kind of downhole fluid flow-measuring method and flowmeter |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108489915A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-09-04 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of fluid measurement optical system |
| CN109357786A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 湖北工业大学 | A kind of system for detecting temperature and method based on sapphire fiber grating sensor |
| CN109630198A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-16 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of protective door monitoring system and method for distributed sensing fiber tandem setting |
| CN111566456A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-08-21 | 京瓷株式会社 | Fluid measurement device, fluid measurement method, and program |
| CN113959943A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-21 | 武汉雷施尔光电信息工程有限公司 | Vacuole share measuring system and method of planar optical fiber probe sensor |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111566456A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-08-21 | 京瓷株式会社 | Fluid measurement device, fluid measurement method, and program |
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| CN109630198A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-16 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of protective door monitoring system and method for distributed sensing fiber tandem setting |
| CN109630198B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2024-04-19 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Distributed sensing optical fiber tandem arrangement protection door monitoring system and method |
| CN113959943A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-21 | 武汉雷施尔光电信息工程有限公司 | Vacuole share measuring system and method of planar optical fiber probe sensor |
| CN113959943B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2024-03-19 | 武汉雷施尔光电信息工程有限公司 | Cavitation share measuring system and method of planar optical fiber probe sensor |
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Application publication date: 20171124 |