CN107370124A - Method for detecting arc - Google Patents
Method for detecting arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN107370124A CN107370124A CN201610319384.2A CN201610319384A CN107370124A CN 107370124 A CN107370124 A CN 107370124A CN 201610319384 A CN201610319384 A CN 201610319384A CN 107370124 A CN107370124 A CN 107370124A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
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- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Present invention is disclosed a kind of method for detecting arc, including：Data sampling step, data sampling is carried out according to predetermined sample frequency and sampling period；Sampled data pre-treatment step, the data of sampling are pre-processed and preserved；Sampled-data processing step, the sampled data by pretreatment is handled, the result according to processing judges fault type and starts corresponding breakdown judge subprogram in advance, or instruction is threaded off；Perform action step, result according to sampled-data processing, perform trip action or do not perform trip action, if perform trip action, then whole method for detecting arc terminates, if not performing trip action, return to data sampling step and continue data sampling, repeat above-mentioned process.The method for detecting arc can use the working environment of various complicated load environment, can identify the running current under complex load environment and true arcing fault signal, reduce misjudgement or the possibility failed to judge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Low Voltage Electrical Apparatus, more specifically to arc fault detection technique.
Background technology
With the raising of electrified process, electric wiring turns into part indispensable in building.Together
When, accident and loss that electric fault is brought also are increasing.Due to various types of electricity in electric fault
The fire incident that arc failure triggers occupies the main proportion of electric fault accident.Electrical fire accident pair
The life and property of people causes increasing threat.
Because arc fault is not necessarily characterized as current anomaly, therefore traditional electric protective equipment, example
As overcurrent protection electrical equipment and residual current protecting electrical equipment can not detect and prevent well to arc fault
Shield, therefore can not play effective protective action for accident caused by arc fault.Then, it is electric
Arc failure detector is electric as the protection of detection arc fault, for taking precautions against arc fault initiation
Various accidents have the function that irreplaceable.
It is various multiple in switch frequent operation, the moment of plug plug, circuit in actual power utilization environment
The presence of miscellaneous load, or even loose contact or loosening etc. may cause the generation of fault electric arc.
It is that do not possess can using arc light detecting or temperature etc. external physical phenomenon detection electric arc in practical operation
Operability.Generation arc light or temperature rising are the additional phenomenas of more serious electric arc, arc on the one hand occur
When light or temperature rise, electric arc has produced a period of time, and accident may have occurred and that, can not play
The effect of strick precaution.On the other hand, relatively weak electric arc may not produce arc light or significant temperature occurs
Rise, so as to be detected, but these relatively weak electric arcs equally understand starting arc failure thing
Therefore.
Feasible method for detecting arc is realized by the detection of electric current and/or voltage.But electric arc event
Barrier signal is complex, and its form of expression is similar with the operating current under some complex load environment, institute
To easily cause erroneous judgement or fail to judge.How arc fault is accurately and effectively identified, and not
Specific arc fault type is confined to, is desired in the industry.
The content of the invention
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of method for detecting arc, including following step are proposed
Suddenly：
Data sampling step, data sampling is carried out according to predetermined sample frequency and sampling period；
Sampled data pre-treatment step, the data of sampling are pre-processed and preserved；
Sampled-data processing step, the sampled data by pretreatment is handled, according to processing
As a result judge fault type in advance and start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction is threaded off；
Action step is performed, according to the result of sampled-data processing, performs trip action or not
Trip action is performed, if performing trip action, whole method for detecting arc terminates, if
Trip action is not performed, then returns to data sampling step and continues data sampling, repeat above-mentioned mistake
Journey.
In one embodiment, sampled-data processing step includes：
Fault type judges, judges fault type in advance according to the feature in size of current and sampled data,
The fault type includes series arc faults or parallel arc fault；
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, if being judged as series arc faults in advance, start string
Connection arc fault judges subprogram, if with being judged as parallel arc fault, starts parallel arc event
Barrier judges subprogram, and it is each in subprogram that series arc faults judge that subprogram judges with parallel arc fault
From the judged result including carrying out trip action；
Voltage detecting, calculate and detect the size of power-frequency voltage, the pre- electricity of power-frequency voltage of acquisition will be calculated
Pressure threshold value compares, if power-frequency voltage is higher than voltage threshold, trip action is carried out, if power frequency
Voltage is not higher than voltage threshold, then without trip action.
In one embodiment,
If electric current is more than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception, it is judged as series electrical in advance
Arc failure；
If electric current is more than the feature of predetermined value and sampled data without exception, it is judged as electricity in parallel in advance
Arc failure.
In one embodiment, current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current.Sampled data is to use
Sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.
In one embodiment, the method for detecting arc also includes testing procedure, testing procedure production
Raw test waveform, the waveform of test waveform simulated failure electric arc, sampled data is performed for test waveform
Pre-treatment step, sampled-data processing step and execution action step, are examined with testing the arc fault
Whether survey method can normal use.
In one embodiment, testing procedure is triggered by button, is passed through by the I/O interfaces of single-chip microcomputer
The change of output level produces test waveform.
In one embodiment, parallel arc fault judges that subprogram includes：
Start timing, start countdown；
Sampled data characteristic statisticses, parallel arc fault judge the sampled data feature bag of subprogram statistics
Include：Quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and the quantity of electric arc half-wave of electric arc pulse；
Judge according to statistical result, the quantity of electric arc pulse, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half-wave
Quantity has respective threshold value, by the data for counting to obtain in sampled data characteristic statisticses step and each
Threshold value compare, judge result.
In one embodiment, if the quantity of electric arc pulse be not reaching to threshold value or electric arc mutation
Quantity is not reaching to the quantity of threshold value or electric arc pulse and the quantity of electric arc mutation is all not reaching to threshold
Value, then be judged as no parallel arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine；
If the quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave
Add 1, within the cycle of a countdown, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, be judged as
Parallel arc fault be present, send dropout and indicate and alarm, be otherwise judged as that parallel arc event is not present
Barrier, parallel arc fault judge end of subroutine；
Wherein the quantity of electric arc pulse counts according to maximum minimum transition process, occurs pole every time
Big to be worth minimum transition process, then electric arc number of pulses adds 1；Electric arc mutation quantity according to it is adjacent
Singular point of two cycles without linear relationship detects, and occurs every time with adjacent two cycle without linear relationship
Singular point, then electric arc mutation quantity add 1.
In one embodiment, series arc faults judge that subprogram includes：
The feature of sampled data is obtained, the sampled data feature of acquisition includes electric arc pulse number, numerical value
Be mutated number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data,
One or several in electric arc mutation number；
By the feature of sampled data compared with threshold value, threshold value includes electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value
Discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, when
One or several in numeric field data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, the spy of threshold value and sampled data
Sign is corresponding, when feature is consistent with threshold value, is judged as having arcing cycle and arcing cycle is counted；
Judge according to comparative result, if the counting of arcing cycle reaches arcing cycle threshold value, judge
Dropout instruction is then sent series arc faults to be present, being otherwise judged as that series arc faults are not present then
According to the adjustment of features threshold value of sampled data.
In one embodiment, electric arc pulse is by judging whether the transition process of Min-max
To detect；Numerical value mutation is detected by judging whether null value with nonzero value transition process；Very
Dissimilarity is detected by comparing the point value with adjacent 2 points of value；Specified value point includes record the
One position and size with second numerical value for reaching defined threshold；Electric arc mutation is to be by judgement
It is no to exist with singular point of the two neighboring cycle without linear relationship to detect.
The method for detecting arc of the present invention can use the working environment of various complicated load environment,
Can identify the running current under complex load environment and true arcing fault signal, reduce misjudgement or
The possibility that person fails to judge.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention the above and other feature, property and advantage will be by below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and real
Apply the description of example and become apparent, identical reference represents identical spy all the time in the accompanying drawings
Sign, wherein：
Fig. 1 discloses the flow chart of the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 discloses the implementation process of the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 discloses parallel arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
Hinder the flow chart of determination methods.
Fig. 4 discloses parallel arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The deterministic process of barrier.
Fig. 5 discloses serial arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The flow chart of the determination methods of barrier.
Fig. 6 discloses serial arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The deterministic process of barrier.
Fig. 7 discloses the knot of the arc fault detection device of the method for detecting arc using the present invention
Structure block diagram.
Fig. 8 discloses to be distinguished using the arc fault detection device of the method for detecting arc of the present invention
The schematic diagram of position occurs for electric arc.
Fig. 9 is disclosed in the arc fault detection device using the method for detecting arc of the present invention mutually
The schematic diagram of sensor coil windings.
Embodiment
The feature for the fault electric arc that arc fault is triggered is not only present in line current, in line electricity
Also there are some performances in pressure.Combination current and voltage signal, the wave character of fault electric arc can be obtained.
And real fault electric arc has randomness, and its characteristic point can appear randomly in the optional position of waveform.
And the interference waveform or doubtful waveform under complex load environment have periodically, i.e., the spy of doubtful waveform
Sign point is basically identical in adjacent periods, and the position of characteristic point is mutually fixed and periodically occurs.
By whether having randomness, true fault electric arc and suspected malfunctions electric arc can be identified.
With reference to shown in figure 1, present invention is disclosed a kind of method for detecting arc, including following step
Suddenly：
102. data sampling step, data sampling is carried out according to predetermined sample frequency and sampling period.
In one embodiment, sampled using AD, sample frequency 5KHz, sampling period 20ms.
104. sampled data pre-treatment step, the data of sampling are pre-processed and preserved.
In one embodiment, it is placed into by the sampled data of pretreatment in array.
106. sampled-data processing step.Sampled data by pretreatment is handled, foundation
The result of processing judges fault type and starts corresponding breakdown judge subprogram in advance, or instruction is threaded off.
In one embodiment, sampled-data processing step includes following several processes：
Fault type deterministic process, carry out pre- failure judgement according to the feature in size of current and sampled data
Type.The criterion of series arc faults is：Electric current is more than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data is deposited
In exception.The criterion of parallel arc fault is：Electric current is more than the feature of predetermined value and sampled data
Without abnormal.In one embodiment, current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current.Sampled data
It is to use the sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.In one embodiment, sample
Cycle is 20ms, 20ms before the data in a sampling period of last samples are current time
Sampled data feature.
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram.If being judged as series arc faults in advance, start string
Connection arc fault judges subprogram.If with being judged as parallel arc fault, start parallel arc event
Barrier judges subprogram.It is each in subprogram that series arc faults judge that subprogram judges with parallel arc fault
From the judged result including carrying out trip action.
Voltage detecting process.Calculate and detect the size of power-frequency voltage.The power-frequency voltage obtained will be calculated
Pre- voltage threshold compares.If power-frequency voltage is higher than voltage threshold, trip action is carried out.If
Power-frequency voltage is not higher than (being below or equal to) voltage threshold, then without trip action.
108. perform action step.According to the result of step 106 sampled-data processing, perform
Trip action does not perform trip action, if performing trip action, whole arc fault detection
Method terminates.If not performing trip action, step 102 is returned to, continues data sampling,
Repeat above-mentioned process.
With continued reference to shown in Fig. 1, in addition to the main process of above-mentioned steps 102~108, this method
Also include testing procedure 103.The step of testing procedure 103 is independently of outside main process, one
In individual embodiment, testing procedure 103 performs in the gap of data sampling.
103. testing procedure.Testing procedure is triggered by button, is passed through by the I/O interfaces of single-chip microcomputer defeated
The change for going out level produces test waveform.Test waveform is the waveform of simulated failure electric arc.Test waveform
The feature of fault electric arc is needed to have, that is, is needed with randomness, and meets the amplitude of fault electric arc.
In one embodiment, testing procedure uses the working method in sampling gap inquiry CPU.Button is believed
After number producing, single-chip microcomputer output test waveform, the test waveform of output for a series of sampling periods when
Between length, such as 0.5S.Above-mentioned step 104~108 are equally performed for test waveform, that is, are sampled
Data prediction step, sampled-data processing step and execution action step.If can normally it judge
Go out to exist arc fault (test waveform is to meet fault electric arc feature), i.e., can be in certain time
Judge arc fault be present in (0.5S), then show that each basis for estimation and criterion are normal,
Arc fault can be detected.If arc fault can not be detected, for example, all the time without trip alarms,
Without response or more than what is responded again after certain time (0.5S), illustrate basis for estimation and/or sentence
There are exception or existing defects in disconnected standard, it is impossible to normal use.
Fig. 2 discloses the implementation process of the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the implementation process of the further refinement of the method shown in Fig. 1.As shown in Fig. 2 arc fault
Detection process it is as follows：
(11) process starts：Wait voltage over zero.
(12) after voltage over zero, judge whether to press test button, if pressing test button,
Then enter (13), if not pressing test button, enter (14).
(13) test waveform is sent, test waveform returns to (12) after being sent completely.
(14) judge whether timer interrupts.If timer interruption, enter (15), if
Timer does not interrupt, then enters (17).Timer interruption mode is continuous timer interruption.
(15) AD samplings are carried out, the frequency of AD samplings is 5KHz, samples the data of a cycle.
In one embodiment, a sampling period is 20ms.The result of sampling is put into array, then
Into (16).
(16) sampled data is pre-processed, the sampled data by pretreatment is put into register,
It is then back to (12).
(17) judge whether AD samplings terminate.If AD samplings are not over, return (12),
If AD samplings terminate, enter (18).
(18) sampled-data processing.The sampled data for passing through pretreatment in register is handled.
In (18) sampled-data processing, the judgement of arc fault species and the calculating of voltage swing are carried out.
Wherein arc fault species judges and the calculating of voltage swing is synchronous progress, and arc fault species judges
Trip action can be all triggered with the result of the calculating of voltage swing.Step (19) and (110) are pair
The calculating of voltage swing, step (111)~(115) are the judgements to arc fault species.
(19) size of voltage is calculated.In one embodiment, the size of power-frequency voltage is calculated.So
Enter (110) afterwards.
(110) judge whether the voltage being calculated in (19) is more than voltage threshold, if it exceeds
Voltage threshold, then trip action (116) is entered, if being not above voltage threshold, returned (12).
Step (111)~step (115) is the judgement to arc fault species.In one embodiment
In, arc fault species is divided into series arc faults and parallel arc fault.Series arc faults and simultaneously
Connection arc fault each has the sub- deterministic process of oneself：Series arc faults judge subprocess (114)
Judge subprocess (115) with parallel arc fault.Step (111)~(113) are according to hits
According to being judged in advance, subprogram (114) or simultaneously is judged to determine further to start series arc faults
Connection arc fault judges subprogram (115).What is judged in advance is basic according to being：Size of current and sampling
Feature in data.In one embodiment, current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current.Sampling
Data are to use the sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.In the present embodiment, adopt
The sample cycle is 20ms, before the data in a sampling period of last samples are current time
The feature of 20ms sampled data.
The criterion of series arc faults is：Electric current is more than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data is present
It is abnormal.
The criterion of parallel arc fault is：Electric current is more than predetermined value and the feature of sampled data does not have
It is abnormal.
Electric current is less than (or equal to) predetermined value and then thinks that working environment is normal.
Specifically, the implementation procedure of step (111)~(115) is as follows：Step (111) judges
Whether electric current is more than predetermined value.If electric current is not more than predetermined value (i.e. judged result is N), now
Judgement for working environment it is normal.Although the direction of arrow when electric current is not more than predetermined value in fig. 2
It is directed to series arc faults and judges subprogram, but actually series arc faults judges subprogram not
It can in this case start, will not also trigger dropout, and be to revert to sampling step and continue to sample.Such as
Fruit electric current is more than predetermined value (judge by result as Y), then into step (112), obtains and sentence
Sampled data in disconnected newest a sampled sampling period.Enter step (113) afterwards to judge to adopt
Whether sample data anomaly exist.If there is exception, (step 113 of diagram is to judge whether " nothing
It is abnormal ", therefore abnormal judged result be present is N), then it is judged as series arc faults in advance, opens
Dynamic series arc faults judge subprogram (114).If there is no the exception (step 113 of diagram
Judged result be Y), then be judged as parallel arc fault in advance, start parallel arc fault and judge son
Program (115).Series arc faults judge that subprogram (114) and parallel arc fault judge sub- journey
The detailed process of sequence (115) is described in detail below, and series arc faults judge subprogram (114)
In the operation result that subprogram (115) are judged with parallel arc fault, threaded off if desired,
Trip action (116) is then entered, if other results, then son is judged according to connection arc fault
Program (114) and parallel arc fault judge that other results of subprogram (115) perform (following meeting
It is described in detail).
(116) trip action.Step (116) is according to step (19), (114) or (115)
Result determine whether to perform trip action, if performing trip action, enter (117) tie
Beam.If being not carried out trip action, return (12).
Fig. 3 discloses parallel arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
Hinder the flow chart of determination methods.As previously described, the criterion of parallel arc fault is：Electricity
Stream is more than the feature of predetermined value and sampled data without abnormal.Exceed detecting that electric current suddenly increases to
Setting value, such as during electric current of 2.5 times more than rated voltage, it is judged as doubtful parallel arc fault in advance.
Now start parallel arc fault and judge subprogram, it is following several that parallel arc fault judges that subprogram includes
Individual step：
202. start timing, start countdown.In one embodiment, parallel arc fault judges
Subprogram performs the time span that the time is a sampling period, is 0.5S in one embodiment,
Step 202 starts 0.5S countdowns.
204. sampled data characteristic statisticses.In one embodiment, parallel arc fault judges sub- journey
The sampled data feature of sequence statistics includes：The quantity of electric arc pulse, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half
The quantity of ripple.The execution time span of step 204 is the duration of step 202 countdown, in countdown
Enter step 206 after arrival.
206. judge according to statistical result.Quantity, the quantity and electric arc of electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse
The quantity of half-wave has respective threshold value, and obtained data and respective threshold value will be counted in step 204
Compare, judge result.In one embodiment, judged result is as follows：
If the quantity of electric arc pulse be not reaching to threshold value or electric arc mutation quantity be not reaching to threshold value,
Or the quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse is all not reaching to threshold value, then is judged as without simultaneously
Join arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine.In one embodiment, electric arc pulse
Quantity according to maximum minimum transition process and count, occur maximum minimum every time and changed
Journey, then electric arc number of pulses add 1.The quantity foundation of electric arc mutation is with adjacent two cycle without linear relationship
Singular point detect, occur every time with adjacent singular point of two cycles without linear relationship, then electric arc dash forward
Become quantity and add 1.
If the quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave
Add 1.Within countdown 0.5S cycle, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, sentence
Breaking parallel arc fault to be present, sending dropout and indicating and alarm.Otherwise it is judged as that electricity in parallel is not present
Arc failure, parallel arc fault judge end of subroutine.
It should be noted that parallel arc fault judges that subprogram is that high current occurring (more than specified
The electric current that 2.5 times of voltage) start afterwards, after the judgement in the absence of parallel arc fault is made,
Normal workload electric current is regarded as during this high current, does not restart activation parallel arc event
Barrier judges subprogram.The setting of 2.5 times of rated current is returned to that is, diminishing again in electric current
Before value lower section, subprogram is judged all without parallel arc fault is again started up.Recover again in electric current
After below to setting value, above-mentioned condition releases, if occurring meeting that parallel arc fault judges again
The trigger condition of subprogram, it is again started up parallel arc fault and judges subprogram.
Fig. 4 discloses parallel arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The deterministic process of barrier.Fig. 4 is the further refinement of the deterministic process of the parallel arc fault shown in Fig. 3
Implementation process.As shown in figure 4, the deterministic process of parallel arc fault is as follows：
(21) process starts.
(22) timing program starts, the activation of 0.5S countdown procedures.In timing course, concurrently
Perform two kinds of detections of following (23) and (24).
(23) electric arc pulse is detected, is examined by judging whether the transition process of Min-max
Survey electric arc pulse.If maximum minimum transition process be present, electric arc pulse counter adds 1, i.e.,
Statistics electric arc pulse number adds 1, completes to enter (25) after counting increase.If there is no very big pole
Small value transition process, then increase without counting, be directly entered (25).
(24) electric arc mutation is detected, by judging whether with adjacent two cycle without linear relationship
Singular point is mutated to detect electric arc.If in the presence of with adjacent two cycle without the singular point of linear relationship if electric arc
Discontinuous counter device adds 1, that is, counts electric arc mutation number and add 1, completes to enter (25) after counting.Such as
Fruit be not present with adjacent singular point of two cycles without linear relationship, then without count increase, directly enter
Enter (25).
(25) judge whether half wave cycles terminate, enter (26) if terminating, if being not over
Return (22).
(26) judge whether 0.5S countdowns not yet reach, if having arrived at (i.e. judged result
For N), then enter (210), if not yet reaching 0.5S countdowns (i.e. judged result is Y),
Then enter (27).
(27) in the counting and above-mentioned (24) that judge the electric arc pulse counter in above-mentioned (23)
Whether the counting of electric arc discontinuous counter device reaches threshold value.If the counting of electric arc pulse counter and electric arc are dashed forward
The counting for becoming counter all reaches threshold value, then electric arc half-wave counter adds 1, i.e. electric arc half-wave number adds 1,
Subsequently into (28).If it is not reaching to threshold value (counting of electric arc pulse counter and electric arc mutation meter
There is one to be not reaching to threshold value in the counting of number device and be considered as not up to threshold value) then it is directly entered (210).
(28) electric arc half-wave number is counted.By judging whether the counting of electric arc half-wave counter reaches
Threshold value counts electric arc half-wave number.According to logic judgment process before, the electric arc counted herein half
The quantity of ripple is the electric arc half-wave quantity in 0.5S, therefore (28) also are understood as counting 0.5S herein
The number of interior electric arc half-wave.If the number of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, (29) are entered, such as
The number of fruit electric arc half-wave is not reaching to threshold value, then enters (210).
(29) trip alarms, send dropout and order and alarm.
(210) terminate.
Fig. 5 discloses serial arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The flow chart of the determination methods of barrier.As previously described, the criterion of series arc faults is：
Electric current is more than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception.The setting value of electric current is rated voltage 2.5
Times.The feature of sampled data includes one or more of following：Electric arc pulse number, numerical value mutation
Number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data, electricity
Arc is mutated number.Above-mentioned each feature has respective threshold value, by the feature of sampled data and accordingly
Threshold value compare, to judge whether series arc faults, then sent out if there is series arc faults
Go out instruction of threading off, if there is no series arc faults, then threshold value be adjusted according to sampled data,
To adapt to current loading condition and power utilization environment.It is following several that series arc faults judge that subprogram includes
Individual step：
302. obtain the feature of sampled data.In one embodiment, the sampled data feature of acquisition
Including electric arc pulse number, numerical value mutation number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point
One or several in number, time domain data, frequency domain data, electric arc mutation number.Wherein electric arc pulse
Detected by judging whether the transition process of Min-max.Numerical value mutation is to be by judgement
It is no null value to be present with nonzero value transition process to detect.Singular point be by compare the point value with it is adjacent
2 points of value detects.Specified value point includes recording first and second number for reaching defined threshold
The position of value and size.Electric arc mutation is by judging whether to close without linear with the two neighboring cycle
The singular point of system detects.
304. by the feature of sampled data compared with threshold value.Serial threshold value to be compared includes electric arc arteries and veins
Rush counter threshold, numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold
In value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, size of current threshold value
One or several.The feature of serial threshold value and sampled data corresponds.In feature and serial threshold value
When being consistent, it is judged as having arcing cycle and arcing cycle is counted.
306. judge according to comparative result.The result of judgement includes：If the counting of arcing cycle reaches
To arcing cycle threshold value, then it is judged as that series arc faults be present then sends dropout instruction, otherwise judges
For in the absence of series arc faults then according to the adjustment of features threshold value of sampled data to adapt to current load
Environment and working environment.
Fig. 6 discloses serial arc event in the method for detecting arc according to one embodiment of the invention
The deterministic process of barrier.Fig. 6 is the further refinement of the deterministic process of the series arc faults shown in Fig. 5
Implementation process.As shown in fig. 6, the deterministic process of series arc faults is as follows：
(31) process starts.
(32) electric arc pulse is detected, is examined by judging whether the transition process of Min-max
Survey electric arc pulse.If maximum minimum transition process be present, electric arc pulse counter adds 1, i.e.,
Statistics electric arc pulse number adds 1, completes to enter (33) after counting increase.If there is no very big pole
Small value transition process, then increase without counting, be directly entered (33).
(33) testing number value mutation, examined by judging whether null value with nonzero value transition process
Survey numerical value mutation.Numerical value discontinuous counter device adds 1 if it null value and nonzero value transition process be present, that is, unites
Count value mutation number and add 1, complete to enter (34) after counting.If there is no null value and nonzero value
Transition process, then increase without counting, be directly entered (34).
(34) inflection point detection, singular point is detected by comparing the value of the point value and at adjacent 2 points.
If the point value is much larger than adjacent 2 points of value, there is singular point in judgement, singular point counter adds 1,
That is statistics singular point number adds 1, enters (35) after completing technology.If point value and adjacent two
The value of point approaches, then judges singular point is not present, increase without counting, be directly entered (35).
(35) specified value point detects.Record first and second numerical value for reaching defined threshold
Position and size, subsequently into (36).
(36) number of zero point is counted, subsequently into (37).
(37) frequency domain data summation is cumulative, subsequently into (38).
(38) time domain data summation is cumulative, subsequently into (39).
(39) electric arc abrupt climatic change, by judging whether with the two neighboring cycle without linear relationship
Singular point come judge whether electric arc be mutated.The mode of judgement can using linear deviation index come
Judged, such as the point line by the two neighboring cycle, see whether the unusual of remote line be present
Point.If there is with adjacent singular point of two cycles without linear relationship, then electric arc discontinuous counter device add 1,
Count electric arc mutation number and add 1, subsequently into (310).If there is no with the two neighboring cycle
Singular point without linear relationship, it is directly entered (310).
(310) judge whether that judges an end cycle.In one embodiment, one judges week
Phase is consistent with a sampling period, is similarly 20ms.If end cycle, enter (311),
If the cycle does not terminate, enter (318).
(311) size of current is determined.In one embodiment, it is cumulative according to time domain data summation
Results verification size of current.
(312) judge whether individual count device value meets First Series threshold value, if individual count device
Value all meets First Series threshold value, then the first arcing cycle counter adds 1, subsequently into (313).
If being not individual count device while meeting First Series threshold value, enter (314).In a reality
Apply in example, First Series threshold value include electric arc pulse counter threshold value, numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value,
Singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc
Discontinuous counter device threshold value, size of current threshold value.
(313) number of the first arcing cycle is judged.By what is counted in the first arcing cycle counter
The number of first arcing cycle is compared with the first arcing cycle threshold value.If the first electric arc week of statistics
The number of phase reaches the first arcing cycle threshold value, that is, meets that the first arcing cycle threshold value then enters (316),
Otherwise (317) are entered.
(314) judge whether individual count device value meets second series threshold value, if individual count device
Value all meets second series threshold value, then the second arcing cycle counter adds 1, subsequently into (315).
If being not individual count device while meeting second series threshold value, the second arcing cycle counter is not
Increase, is directly entered (317).In one embodiment, second series threshold value includes electric arc pulsimeter
Number device threshold values, numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value,
Zero point threshold value, time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, size of current threshold value.
(315) number of the second arcing cycle is judged.By what is counted in the second arcing cycle counter
The number of second arcing cycle is compared with the second arcing cycle threshold value.If the second electric arc week of statistics
The number of phase reaches the second arcing cycle threshold value, that is, meets that the second arcing cycle threshold value then enters (316),
Otherwise (317) are entered.
(316) judge whether voltage data is abnormal.Calculate power-frequency voltage and the power frequency that will be calculated
Voltage carries out trip alarms if exception is not present in voltage data, sent compared with voltage threshold
Thread off and order and alarm.Enter (317) if power data has exception.
(317) adjusting thresholds.According to the feedback of foregoing correlation step, threshold value is adjusted in real time.
In one embodiment, the threshold value of adjustment includes one or more of following threshold values：First Series threshold value,
Second series threshold value, the first arcing cycle threshold value, the second arcing cycle threshold value.After adjusting thresholds
Into (318).
(318) terminate.
The method for detecting arc of above-mentioned combination Fig. 1~Fig. 6 introductions can be applied to arc fault detection
In device.Fig. 7 discloses the arc fault detection device of the method for detecting arc using the present invention
Structured flowchart.As shown in fig. 7, the arc fault detection device includes：Voltage sample module 412,
Current sample module 413, signal processing module 416, power module 415, dropout module 419, control
Molding block 417, waveform generating module 414 and shell (shell is not shown in the figure 7).
Voltage sample module 412 realizes that voltage sample module 412 is connected to by electric resistance partial pressure mode
" L " phase in circuit, voltage sample module 412 is obtaining the power-frequency voltage signal in circuit.Profit
Close the position occurred with the distinguishable electric arc of the power-frequency voltage signal between position and arc fault detection device
System, electric arc can be avoided to occur arc fault detection device mistake occur at arc fault detection device front end
The phenomenon (being described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 8) of action.
Current sample module 413 has two transformers：Power current transformer 409 and high frequency electric
Transformer 410.Power current transformer 409 and HF current transformer 410 are around in the line
" L " phase on, by " L " phase curent change produce induced-current.Power current transformer 409
Skeleton be silicon steel sheet, by low-frequency sampling circuit, (low-frequency sampling circuit is included in current sample module
In 413) after obtain the power frequency current signal in circuit.The skeleton of HF current transformer 410 is iron
Nickel molybdenum powder core, by high frequency sampling circuit (high frequency sampling circuit is included in current sample module 413)
The high-frequency current signal in circuit is obtained afterwards.As illustrated, power current transformer 409 and high-frequency electrical
Two groups of windings are wound with current transformer 410.Have winding closeer on power current transformer 409
Winding 1-2 and the relatively thin winding 3-4 of winding, HF current transformer 410 on have wind it is closeer
Winding 5-6 and the relatively thin winding 7-8 of winding.Winding closeer winding 1-2 and 5-6 are used for gathering line
Operating current in road, winding relatively thin winding 3-4 and 7-8 are used to apply test waveform, to produce
Reference current and voltage are (detailed below in conjunction with Fig. 9 to test the reliability of arc fault detection device
Description).
The voltage signal and current sample module that signal processing module 416 gathers voltage sample module are adopted
The current signal of collection is handled, such as is filtered, is sent into control module 417 after the processing such as amplitude limit.
Control module 417 analyzes the voltage and electric current letter through processing received from signal processing module 416
Number, perform the method for detecting arc shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 6 to judge whether arc fault, such as
There is arc fault in fruit, then send dropout instruction instruction dropout module 419 and threaded off.
By the control of control module 417, waveform generating module 414 produces waveform generating module 414
Test waveform.Waveform generating module 414 is used to perform the step 103 in Fig. 1, testing procedure.Ring
It should be triggered in button, waveform generating module 414 produces the waveform of the simulated failure electric arc prestored.
The waveform for simulating arc fault produces test waves by the I/O interfaces of single-chip microcomputer by the change of output level
Shape.The waveform of the simulation arc fault needs to have the feature of fault electric arc, that is, needs with randomness,
And meet the amplitude of fault electric arc.In the illustrated embodiment, control module 417 is connected to test
Button 418, test button 418 is pressed, then passes through the waveform generating module 414 of control module 417
Produce test waveform.
Power module 415 is Switching Power Supply, and dc source is provided for above-mentioned modules.
Dropout module 419 is used to perform trip action.Dropout module 419 include magnetic flux electrical apparatus release, can
Silicon and other interlock circuits are controlled, for performing trip action with disjunction circuit.Dropout module 419 connects
To the switch 420 of circuit, switch 420 is disconnected when dropout module 419 is threaded off with disjunction circuit.
The arc fault detection device is used to detect and protection circuit 411, circuit 411 include " L " phase
" N " phase.
On control module 417 and the operation principle of waveform generating module 414 above in connection with figure
1~Fig. 6 is described, and is not repeated herein.
As described above, there are two groups of windings, it is possible thereby to real on electric arc transformer of the invention
The identification of position occurs referring now to arc fault.Fig. 8 discloses the arc fault detection using the present invention
The arc fault detection device of method distinguishes the schematic diagram that position occurs for electric arc.As shown in figure 8, higher level
Circuit 502, arc fault detection device 504 and load 506 form connection mode as shown in Figure 8.
Arc fault is likely to occur between higher level's circuit 502 and arc fault detection device 504, i.e. electric arc
The front end of failure detector 504, is identified as at A in fig. 8.Arc fault is also possible to occur
Between arc fault detection device 504 and load 506, i.e., after arc fault detection device 504
End, is identified as at B in fig. 8.For the arc fault occurred at A, due in arc fault
The front end of detection means, the initiation of higher level's fault is mostly due to, not load faulty, so electric
Arc failure detector need not act.For the arc fault occurred at B, examined positioned at arc fault
The rear end of device is surveyed, load faulty is mostly due to and triggers, it is necessary to which arc fault detection device acts.
Arc fault either at A or caused by B, occurs exception in the performance of electric current, because
This only can cause the malfunction of arc fault detection device by detecting electric current under many circumstances, right
The arc fault occurred at A can also act disjunction circuit.
But from the angle of voltage, the arc fault at A and at B has different voltage characteristics：It is if electric
Arc failure is located at A, in the front end of arc fault detection device, then arc fault detection device and electricity
Arc is series in circuit, and both produce a partial pressure relationship, the voltage at arc fault detection device both ends
Waveform will not be complete sine wave, but a kind of flat shoulder of band or more lopsided waveform, electricity
Being pressed with valid value also can be smaller than normal condition.There is such a voltage characteristic, then illustrate that arc fault comes across
At A, arc fault detection device need not act.If arc fault is located at B, in arc fault
The rear end of detection means, then load are series in circuit with electric arc, and the voltage waveform in load can occur
Change, but the voltage waveform at arc fault detection device both ends is the voltage sum of load and electric arc,
Change will not be produced.If there is such a voltage characteristic, illustrate arc fault at B, it is necessary to
Arc fault detection device acts.Using it is above-mentioned the characteristics of, before detecting arc fault detection device
The voltage signal at end may know that the position relationship between position and arc fault detection device occurs for electric arc,
So as to avoid electric arc from causing the malfunction of arc fault detection device when occurring at A.The electricity of the present invention
The voltage that pressure sampling module 412 samples is the voltage of arc fault detection device front end, utilizes electric arc event
The voltage of barrier detection means front end can realize the identification that position occurs for arc fault.
Fig. 9 is disclosed in the arc fault detection device using the method for detecting arc of the present invention mutually
The schematic diagram of sensor coil windings.As described above, have two on electric arc transformer of the invention
Group winding, it is possible thereby to realize the test by test waveform to arc fault detection device.Such as Fig. 9
It is shown, have on power current transformer 409 and wind the relatively thin winding of closeer winding 1-2 and winding
Have on 3-4, HF current transformer 410 and wind the relatively thin winding of closeer winding 5-6 and winding
7-8.With reference to shown in figure 7, the work that winding closeer winding 1-2 and 5-6 are used to gather in circuit is electric
Flow and be connected to current sample module 413.Winding relatively thin winding 3-4 and 7-8 are connected to waveform hair
Raw module 414.Test waveform caused by waveform generating module 414 is applied by winding 3-4 and 7-8
In on transformer 409 and 410, to produce reference current and voltage.When test waveform passes through winding 3-4
When putting on 7-8 on transformer 409 and 410, corresponding induced-current, induced-current can be produced
Gathered by winding 1-2 and 5-6 and be supplied to current sample module 413.Meanwhile in test waveform
Under effect, voltage sample module 412 can also collect the voltage signal at winding 1-2 and 5-6 both ends,
The voltage signal is the voltage signal of arc fault detection device front end.Signal processing module 416 is comprehensive
Processing voltage acquisition module 412 and the signal of the collection of current sample module 413 are closed, and is supplied to control
Module 417.It can be tested including transformer, voltage sample module, current sample by test waveform
Module, control module, the reliability of dropout module.
The test process of one example is as follows：After test button 418 is pressed, arc fault detection dress
Put and enter self test mode；Under self test mode, waveform generating module 414 sends one kind set in advance
Or a variety of test waveforms, test waveform will flow through the winding 3-4 and high frequency of power current transformer 409
The winding 7-8 of current transformer 410 simultaneously produces corresponding electric current.Power current transformer 409 around
The current waveform sensed is delivered to electric current and adopted by the winding 5-6 of group 1-2 and HF current transformer 410
Egf block 413.Signal processing module 416 is to voltage sample module 412 and current sample module 413
Control module 417 is delivered to after the voltage and current signal transacting of collection, control module 417 is according to foregoing
Method for detecting arc be identified, judge to whether there is arc fault in circuit 411.Online
When there is arc fault in road 411, control module 417 sends dropout order to dropout module 419,
Disconnect switch 420, line disconnection 411.
The method for detecting arc of the present invention can use the working environment of various complicated load environment,
Can identify the running current under complex load environment and true arcing fault signal, reduce misjudgement or
The possibility that person fails to judge.
Above-described embodiment be available to be familiar with person in the art realize or using the present invention, it is ripe
Those skilled in the art are known without departing from the present invention in the case of the inventive idea to do above-described embodiment
Go out various modifications or change, thus protection scope of the present invention is not limited by above-described embodiment, and answer
This is the maximum magnitude for meeting the inventive features that claims are mentioned.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for detecting arc, it is characterised in that including the steps：
Data sampling step, data sampling is carried out according to predetermined sample frequency and sampling period；
Sampled data pre-treatment step, the data of sampling are pre-processed and preserved；
Sampled-data processing step, the sampled data by pretreatment is handled, according to processing
As a result judge fault type in advance and start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, or instruction is threaded off；
Action step is performed, according to the result of sampled-data processing, performs trip action or not
Trip action is performed, if performing trip action, whole method for detecting arc terminates, if
Trip action is not performed, then returns to data sampling step and continues data sampling, repeat above-mentioned mistake
Journey.
2. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the hits
Include according to processing step：
Fault type judges, judges fault type in advance according to the feature in size of current and sampled data,
The fault type includes series arc faults or parallel arc fault；
Start corresponding breakdown judge subprogram, if being judged as series arc faults in advance, start string
Connection arc fault judges subprogram, if with being judged as parallel arc fault, starts parallel arc event
Barrier judges subprogram, and it is each in subprogram that series arc faults judge that subprogram judges with parallel arc fault
From the judged result including carrying out trip action；
Voltage detecting, calculate and detect the size of power-frequency voltage, the pre- electricity of power-frequency voltage of acquisition will be calculated
Pressure threshold value compares, if power-frequency voltage is higher than voltage threshold, trip action is carried out, if power frequency
Voltage is not higher than voltage threshold, then without trip action.
3. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
If electric current is more than predetermined value but the feature of sampled data has exception, it is judged as series electrical in advance
Arc failure；
If electric current is more than the feature of predetermined value and sampled data without exception, it is judged as electricity in parallel in advance
Arc failure.
4. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that
The current setting value is 2.5 times of rated current；
The sampled data is to use the sampled data in newest a sampled sampling period.
5. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：
Testing procedure, testing procedure generation test waveform, the waveform of test waveform simulated failure electric arc,
Sampled data pre-treatment step, sampled-data processing step are performed for test waveform and perform action step
Suddenly, whether can normal use to test the method for detecting arc.
6. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the test step
Suddenly triggered by button, test waveform is produced by the change of output level by the I/O interfaces of single-chip microcomputer.
7. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the electricity in parallel
Arc breakdown judge subprogram includes：
Start timing, start countdown；
Sampled data characteristic statisticses, parallel arc fault judge the sampled data feature bag of subprogram statistics
Include：Quantity, the quantity of electric arc mutation and the quantity of electric arc half-wave of electric arc pulse；
Judge according to statistical result, the quantity of electric arc pulse, the quantity of electric arc mutation and electric arc half-wave
Quantity has respective threshold value, by the data for counting to obtain in sampled data characteristic statisticses step and each
Threshold value compare, judge result.
8. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that
If the quantity of electric arc pulse be not reaching to threshold value or electric arc mutation quantity be not reaching to threshold value,
Or the quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse is all not reaching to threshold value, then is judged as without simultaneously
Join arc fault, parallel arc fault judges end of subroutine；
If the quantity of quantity and the electric arc mutation of electric arc pulse all reaches threshold value, the quantity of electric arc half-wave
Add 1, within the cycle of a countdown, if the quantity of electric arc half-wave reaches threshold value, be judged as
Parallel arc fault be present, send dropout and indicate and alarm, be otherwise judged as that parallel arc event is not present
Barrier, parallel arc fault judge end of subroutine；
Wherein the quantity of electric arc pulse counts according to maximum minimum transition process, occurs pole every time
Big to be worth minimum transition process, then electric arc number of pulses adds 1；Electric arc mutation quantity according to it is adjacent
Singular point of two cycles without linear relationship detects, and occurs every time with adjacent two cycle without linear relationship
Singular point, then electric arc mutation quantity add 1.
9. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the series electrical
Arc breakdown judge subprogram includes：
The feature of sampled data is obtained, the sampled data feature of acquisition includes electric arc pulse number, numerical value
Be mutated number, singular point number, specified value point, zero point number, time domain data, frequency domain data,
One or several in electric arc mutation number；
By the feature of sampled data compared with threshold value, the threshold value include electric arc pulse counter threshold value,
Numerical value discontinuous counter device threshold value, singular point counter threshold, specified value point threshold value, zero point threshold value,
One or several in time domain data threshold value, electric arc discontinuous counter device threshold value, threshold value and sampled data
Feature is corresponding, when feature is consistent with threshold value, is judged as having arcing cycle and arcing cycle is counted；
Judge according to comparative result, if the counting of arcing cycle reaches arcing cycle threshold value, judge
Dropout instruction is then sent series arc faults to be present, being otherwise judged as that series arc faults are not present then
According to the adjustment of features threshold value of sampled data.
10. method for detecting arc as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Electric arc pulse is detected by judging whether the transition process of Min-max；
Numerical value mutation is detected by judging whether null value with nonzero value transition process；
Singular point is detected by comparing the point value with adjacent 2 points of value；
Specified value point include record first and the position of second numerical value for reaching defined threshold with greatly
It is small；
Electric arc mutation be by judge whether with singular point of the two neighboring cycle without linear relationship come
Detection.
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| CN108711822A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-26 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | A kind of guard method of residual current, device and residual current operated protective device |
| CN109581160A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-04-05 | 公安部沈阳消防研究所 | Fault arc detection method |
| CN111474451A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-31 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Detection method and device for improving fault arc accuracy and readable storage medium |
| CN112748360A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-05-04 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Power distribution system fault detection method and device |
| CN112763839A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-05-07 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Fault arc detection method and device |
| CN112782497A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Arc detection device and self-detection method thereof |
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| CN108711822A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-26 | 浙江中凯科技股份有限公司 | A kind of guard method of residual current, device and residual current operated protective device |
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| CN113933641A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-01-14 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power distribution network clearance time-varying arc light grounding fault simulation test method |
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