CN107270980B - The measurement method of gas-liquid two-phase annular flow thickness of liquid film and flow in a kind of vertical tube - Google Patents
The measurement method of gas-liquid two-phase annular flow thickness of liquid film and flow in a kind of vertical tube Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于气液两相环状流参数测量技术领域，具体涉及一种垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜厚度及流量的测量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of gas-liquid two-phase annular flow parameter measurement, and in particular relates to a method for measuring the liquid film thickness and flow rate of gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in a vertical pipe.
背景技术Background technique
气液两相环状流是石油、化工等工业领域中常见的两相流动形态，管内环状流通常由夹带着小液滴的气核与附着在壁面上的液膜组成。液膜厚度及流量的准确非侵入测量，对深入认识环状流的流动特性具有重要意义。根据测量原理不同，现有的液膜检测技术可分为超声法、光学法、射线法和电导法等。超声法根据超声波穿过不连续介质时会发生衰减和反射的原理进行测量，但超声法的不确定度与超声波波长直接相关，限制了超声法在液膜极薄情况下的应用。光学法是目前应用较多的方法，但光学测量设备普遍价格昂贵，且对被测介质和应用环境的清洁度有严格要求。射线法是一种成熟且应用较好的测量方法，但实际应用中涉及射线防护、放射源存储及设备维护等安全问题。电导法简单可靠、成本较低，但对于薄液膜，电导探针侵入流体会造成扰流导致测量偏差。Gas-liquid two-phase annular flow is a common two-phase flow form in petroleum, chemical and other industrial fields. The annular flow in a pipe is usually composed of a gas nucleus entrained with small liquid droplets and a liquid film attached to the wall. Accurate non-invasive measurement of liquid film thickness and flow rate is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the flow characteristics of annular flow. According to different measurement principles, the existing liquid film detection technology can be divided into ultrasonic method, optical method, ray method and conductometric method. The ultrasonic method is based on the principle of attenuation and reflection when the ultrasonic wave passes through a discontinuous medium, but the uncertainty of the ultrasonic method is directly related to the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave, which limits the application of the ultrasonic method in the case of an extremely thin liquid film. Optical method is currently the most widely used method, but optical measurement equipment is generally expensive, and has strict requirements on the cleanliness of the measured medium and the application environment. The ray method is a mature and well-applied measurement method, but its practical application involves safety issues such as radiation protection, radioactive source storage, and equipment maintenance. The conductometric method is simple, reliable, and low in cost, but for thin liquid films, the intrusion of the conductometric probe into the fluid will cause turbulence and cause measurement deviations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜厚度及流量的测量方法，该方法能够实现垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度及流量检测，具有较高的检测精度、安全性及可靠性，并且检测成本低。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a method for measuring the thickness and flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical pipe, which can realize the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical pipe Thickness and flow detection, with high detection accuracy, safety and reliability, and low detection cost.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜厚度及流量的测量方法包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the measuring method of gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film thickness and flow rate in the vertical pipe of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)通过差压变送器测量垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度再通过剪应力传感器测量垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力τw；1) Measure the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe through a differential pressure transmitter Then measure the shear stress τ w between the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film and the pipe wall in the vertical pipe through the shear stress sensor;
2)选取柱状控制体对气芯进行受力分析，得气芯动量方程，选取环状控制体对液膜进行受力分析，得液膜动量方程；2) Select the columnar control body to analyze the force of the gas core to obtain the momentum equation of the gas core, and select the annular control body to analyze the force of the liquid film to obtain the momentum equation of the liquid film;
3)根据步骤2)构建的气芯动量方程及液膜动量方程得液膜内剪应力τ；3) According to the gas core momentum equation and the liquid film momentum equation constructed in step 2), the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film is obtained;
4)根据垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力τw及液膜内剪应力τ计算垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri，然后根据垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri计算垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度及流量。4) According to the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe The shear stress τ w between the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube and the tube wall and the shear stress τ in the liquid film calculate the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, and then according to the gas-liquid in the vertical tube The radius r i of the two-phase annular flow gas core is used to calculate the thickness and flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical tube.
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，步骤2)中的气芯动量方程为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe, the gas core momentum equation in step 2) is:
其中，δz为柱状控制体的高度，r为管道径向，ri为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径，P为管道轴向z处的横截面压力，为垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度，τi为垂直管内气液两相环状流气液界面的剪应力，Gg为垂直管内气液两相环状流气相的质量流速，Gle为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯夹带液滴的质量流速，ug为垂直管内气液两相环状流气相的流速，ule为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯夹带液滴的流速，ρm为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的平均密度，g为重力加速度；Among them, δz is the height of the columnar control body, r is the radial direction of the pipe, ri is the radius of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical pipe, P is the cross-sectional pressure at z in the axial direction of the pipe, is the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, τi is the shear stress at the gas-liquid interface of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G g is the mass flow rate of the gas phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G le is the mass flow rate of liquid droplets entrained in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, u g is the flow rate of the gas phase in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, u le is the entrainment of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube The flow velocity of the droplet, ρm is the average density of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical tube, and g is the acceleration of gravity;
忽略液滴夹带及气芯的加速效应，则由式(1)得：Neglecting the acceleration effect of droplet entrainment and air core, it can be obtained from formula (1):
其中，ρg为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯气相的密度；Among them, ρ g is the density of the gas phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical tube;
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，液膜动量方程为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical tube, the momentum equation of the liquid film is:
其中，τ为垂直管内气液两相环状流半径r处的液膜内剪应力，Glf为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的质量流速，ulf为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流速，ρl为垂直管内气液两相环状流液相的密度；Among them, τ is the internal shear stress of the liquid film at the radius r of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G lf is the mass flow rate of the liquid film in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, u lf is the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the vertical tube The flow velocity of the annular flow liquid film, ρ l is the density of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid phase in the vertical pipe;
忽略液膜的加速效应，则由式(3)得：Neglecting the acceleration effect of the liquid film, it can be obtained from formula (3):
将式(2)代入式(4)中，则当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ为：Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (4), when the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe, the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，由r＝r0时τ＝τw及式(5)得垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe flows downward, from r= r 0 when τ=τw and formula (5), the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向上流动时，由r＝r0时τ＝τw及式(5)得垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe flows upwards, from r= r 0 when τ=τw and formula (5), the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is:
垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度δ为：The thickness δ of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
δ＝r0-ri δ＝r 0 -r i
其中，r0为管道内径。Among them, r 0 is the inner diameter of the pipe.
根据垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri计算垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量的具体操作为：设液膜处于层流状态，则根据牛顿内摩擦定律计算半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ，然后根据牛顿内摩擦定律及步骤3)得到的半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ计算液膜的速度分布u，再对液膜的速度分布u沿管道半径方向进行积分，得垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf。The specific operation for calculating the flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical pipe according to the radius r i of the air core of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is as follows: suppose the liquid film is in a laminar flow state, then calculate the radius according to Newton's law of internal friction The internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at r, and then according to Newton's law of internal friction and the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r obtained in step 3), calculate the velocity distribution u of the liquid film, and then calculate the velocity distribution u of the liquid film along the pipeline Integrating in the radial direction, the flow rate m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is obtained.
根据牛顿内摩擦定律计算半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ为：According to Newton's law of internal friction, the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r is calculated as:
其中，μl为垂直管内气液两相环状流液相的动力粘度，u为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的速度分布；Among them, μ l is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, and u is the velocity distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical tube;
由式(8)及式(5)得：From formula (8) and formula (5):
对式(9)沿管道半径方向进行积分，同时考虑液膜壁面无滑移条件(r＝r0时u＝0)，得液膜的速度分布为：Integrating formula (9) along the radial direction of the pipeline, and considering the no-slip condition of the liquid film wall (u= 0 when r=r 0), the velocity distribution of the liquid film is obtained as:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube flows downward, the flow m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向上流动时，垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube flows upward, the flow m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜厚度及流量的测量方法在具体操作时，以差压变送器及剪应力传感器作为检测仪器，通过差压变送器及剪应力传感器分别检测垂直管内气液两相环状流的降压梯度及垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力，再构建气芯动量方程及液膜动量方程，然后根据构建的动量方程计算垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度及流量，操作简单，易于实现，并且整个检测过程只需通过非侵入的方式测量垂直管内气液两相环状流压降梯度及垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力即可，整个检测过程中对垂直管内液体的流动无干扰，检测精度较高，并且安全、可靠、成本低。The method for measuring the film thickness and flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe according to the present invention uses a differential pressure transmitter and a shear stress sensor as detection instruments, and passes through the differential pressure transmitter and the shear stress sensor. The sensor detects the step-down gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube and the shear stress between the liquid film and the tube wall of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, and then constructs the gas core momentum equation and the liquid film momentum equation, and then Calculate the thickness and flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical pipe according to the momentum equation, which is simple to operate and easy to implement, and the entire detection process only needs to measure the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow pressure in the vertical pipe in a non-invasive way The descending gradient and the shear stress between the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film and the pipe wall in the vertical pipe are enough. During the whole detection process, there is no interference with the flow of the liquid in the vertical pipe. The detection accuracy is high, and it is safe, reliable and low in cost. .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中差压变送器2及剪应力传感器1的安装位置示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the differential pressure transmitter 2 and the shear stress sensor 1 in the present invention;
图2为当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时本发明的气芯受力分析图；Fig. 2 is the force analysis diagram of the gas core of the present invention when the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe;
图3为当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时本发明的液膜受力分析图。Fig. 3 is a force analysis diagram of the liquid film of the present invention when the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe.
其中，1为剪应力传感器、2为差压变送器。Among them, 1 is a shear stress sensor, and 2 is a differential pressure transmitter.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参考图2及图3，本发明所述的垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜厚度及流量的测量方法包括以下步骤：With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the measurement method of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film thickness and the flow rate in the vertical pipe of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)通过差压变送器2测量垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度再通过剪应力传感器1测量垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力τw；1) Measure the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe through the differential pressure transmitter 2 Then measure the shear stress τ w between the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film and the pipe wall in the vertical pipe through the shear stress sensor 1;
2)选取柱状控制体对气芯进行受力分析，得气芯动量方程，选取环状控制体对液膜进行受力分析，得液膜动量方程；2) Select the columnar control body to analyze the force of the gas core to obtain the momentum equation of the gas core, and select the annular control body to analyze the force of the liquid film to obtain the momentum equation of the liquid film;
3)根据步骤2)构建的气芯动量方程及液膜动量方程得液膜内剪应力τ；3) According to the gas core momentum equation and the liquid film momentum equation constructed in step 2), the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film is obtained;
4)根据垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜与管壁之间的剪应力τw及液膜内剪应力τ计算垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri，然后根据垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri计算垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度及流量。4) According to the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe The shear stress τ w between the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube and the tube wall and the shear stress τ in the liquid film calculate the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, and then according to the gas-liquid in the vertical tube The radius r i of the two-phase annular flow gas core is used to calculate the thickness and flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical tube.
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，步骤2)中的气芯动量方程为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe, the gas core momentum equation in step 2) is:
其中，δz为柱状控制体的高度，r为管道径向，ri为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径，P为管道轴向z处的横截面压力，为垂直管内气液两相环状流的压降梯度，τi为垂直管内气液两相环状流气液界面的剪应力，Gg为垂直管内气液两相环状流气相的质量流速，Gle为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯夹带液滴的质量流速，ug为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯气相的流速，ule为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯夹带液滴的流速，ρm为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的平均密度，g为重力加速度；；Among them, δz is the height of the columnar control body, r is the radial direction of the pipe, ri is the radius of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical pipe, P is the cross-sectional pressure at z in the axial direction of the pipe, is the pressure drop gradient of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, τi is the shear stress at the gas-liquid interface of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G g is the mass flow rate of the gas phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G le is the mass flow rate of liquid droplets entrained in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow core in the vertical tube, u g is the flow rate of the gas phase in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow core in the vertical tube, u le is the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical tube The flow velocity of entrained droplets, ρm is the average density of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical tube, and g is the acceleration of gravity;
忽略液滴夹带及气芯的加速效应，则由式(1)得：Neglecting the acceleration effect of droplet entrainment and air core, it can be obtained from formula (1):
其中，ρg为垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯气相的密度。Among them, ρ g is the density of the gas phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow gas core in the vertical tube.
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，液膜动量方程为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical tube, the momentum equation of the liquid film is:
其中，τ为垂直管内气液两相环状流半径r处的液膜内剪应力，Glf为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的质量流速，ulf为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流速，ρl为垂直管内气液两相环状流液相的密度；Among them, τ is the internal shear stress of the liquid film at the radius r of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, G lf is the mass flow rate of the liquid film in the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, u lf is the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the vertical tube The flow velocity of the annular flow liquid film, ρ l is the density of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid phase in the vertical pipe;
忽略液膜的加速效应，则由式(3)得：Neglecting the acceleration effect of the liquid film, it can be obtained from formula (3):
将式(2)代入式(4)中，则当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ为：Substituting Equation (2) into Equation (4), when the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow flows downward in the vertical pipe, the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，由r＝r0时τ＝τw及式(5)得垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe flows downward, from r= r 0 when τ=τw and formula (5), the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向上流动时，由r＝r0时τ＝τw及式(5)得垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe flows upwards, from r= r 0 when τ=τw and formula (5), the radius r i of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is:
垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的厚度δ为：The thickness δ of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
δ＝r0-ri δ＝r 0 -r i
其中，r0为管道内径。Among them, r 0 is the inner diameter of the pipe.
根据垂直管内气液两相环状流气芯的半径ri计算垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量的具体操作为：设液膜处于层流状态，则根据牛顿内摩擦定律计算半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ，然后根据牛顿内摩擦定律及步骤3)得到的半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ计算液膜的速度分布u，再对液膜的速度分布u沿管道半径方向进行积分，得垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf。The specific operation for calculating the flow rate of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical pipe according to the radius r i of the air core of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical pipe is as follows: suppose the liquid film is in a laminar flow state, then calculate the radius according to Newton's law of internal friction The internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at r, and then according to Newton's law of internal friction and the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r obtained in step 3), calculate the velocity distribution u of the liquid film, and then calculate the velocity distribution u of the liquid film along the pipeline Integrating in the radial direction, the flow rate m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is obtained.
根据牛顿内摩擦定律计算半径r处的液膜内剪应力τ为：According to Newton's law of internal friction, the internal shear stress τ of the liquid film at the radius r is calculated as:
其中，μl为垂直管内气液两相环状流液相的动力粘度，u为垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的速度分布；Among them, μ l is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid phase of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube, and u is the velocity distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow liquid film in the vertical tube;
由式(8)及式(5)得：From formula (8) and formula (5):
对式(9)沿管道半径方向进行积分，同时考虑液膜壁面无滑移条件(r＝r0时u＝0)，得液膜的速度分布u为：Integrating formula (9) along the radial direction of the pipeline, and considering the no-slip condition on the wall surface of the liquid film (u= 0 when r=r 0), the velocity distribution u of the liquid film is obtained as:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向下流动时，垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube flows downward, the flow m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
当垂直管内气液两相环状流向上流动时，垂直管内气液两相环状流液膜的流量mlf为：When the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow in the vertical tube flows upward, the flow m lf of the gas-liquid two-phase annular flow film in the vertical tube is:
本发明采用流体动力学理论对环状流进行受力分析，构建基于压降梯度和剪应力的液膜厚度及流量计算方程，具体实施时只需采用差压变送器2测量环状流压降梯度，采用剪应力传感器1测量液膜与管壁的剪应力，即可实现对液膜厚度及流量的非侵入测量，对工业实践中的环状流检测具有重要的指导意义。The present invention uses fluid dynamics theory to analyze the force of the annular flow, and constructs the liquid film thickness and flow calculation equation based on the pressure drop gradient and shear stress, and only needs to use the differential pressure transmitter 2 to measure the annular flow pressure during specific implementation. Gradient drop, using the shear stress sensor 1 to measure the shear stress of the liquid film and the pipe wall, can realize the non-invasive measurement of the liquid film thickness and flow rate, which has important guiding significance for the detection of annular flow in industrial practice.
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