CN107246952A - A kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system - Google Patents
A kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system, and methods described includes：S1, by PMD measurement signals by spectrum signature carry out multilayer decomposition, obtain the intrinsic mode function of PMD measurement signals；S2, noise filtering and signal reconstruction are carried out to the PMD measurement signals after decomposition, recover the true extreme value number of PMD measurement signals, realize that PMD measurement accuracy is improved.The priori of noise and useful signal need not be known in decomposable process, without basic function is set, the noise adaptive-filtering of non-linear and non-stationary signal can be achieved；The influence of noise in PMD measurements can be effectively removed, the PMD measurement signals not by noise jamming is recovered, compensate for the existing deficiency for filtering out Noise Method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber communication, more particularly, to a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement side
Method and system.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement of transmission rate in optical fiber telecommunications system, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is to Transmission system performance
Influence also becomes especially prominent, and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of base attribute of optical fiber, and it can cause the pulse exhibition of signal
Width, causes intersymbol interference, causes error rate of system to raise.PMD can cause optical signal pulses in transmitting procedure continuous broadening and
The transmission quality of system is set to deteriorate rapidly, so the research to polarization mode dispersion measurement technology is significant；With optical fiber
Communication system is towards high-speed, Large Copacity, long range and the development in all-optical network direction, and the polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber is to optic communication
The influence of systematic function is increasingly severe, accurate measurement polarization mode dispersion and carry out effective compensation demand it is also more and more urgent.
Due to the stochastic behaviour of polarization mode dispersion, measurement difficulty is greatly increased.At present, it is big that two have been investigated both at home and abroad
Class PMD measuring methods：Time domain measurement and frequency domain measurement.Time domain measurement mainly includes optical pulse delay method and interferometric method, and frequency domain is surveyed
Amount mainly includes stationary analyzer method, Jones matrix method of characteristic and mueller matrix method.Wherein, stationary analyzer method is easiest to reality
It is existing, and have the advantages that measurement range is big and measuring speed is fast, under the conditions of big bandwidth light source and high-resolution spectroscopy, it is measured
Scope is up to hundred psecs, and the situation containing erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) suitable for tested optical fiber link.But this side
Method is affected by noise very big, and " false peaks " produced by noise cause extreme value number substantial deviation actual value, so that serious shadow
Ring the degree of accuracy of PMD measurement results, it is therefore desirable to which Denoising disposal is carried out to the signal detected.
At present, conventional signal denoising method for acoustic includes fourier transform method, Wavelet Transform and Wiener Filter Method etc..Fu
In leaf transformation method Fourier transformation is carried out to the signal comprising noise first, time-domain signal is transformed into frequency domain, then according to having
With signal and the different frequency distribution character of noise, suitable wave filter is selected to remove noise.It is this based on frequency domain filter
Denoising method can also filter out a part of useful signal while noise is filtered out, while this method is based in global sense
Fourier transformation, without local time frequency analysis ability, the signal for nonlinear and nonstationary is difficult to obtain real frequency spectrum,
With significant limitation.Wavelet Transform is that the one kind grown up on the basis of fourier transform method can handle non-flat
The method of steady signal, the difference of the wavelet coefficient dimensional properties based on useful signal and noise selects to close according to preprocessed signal
Signal is reconstructed suitable wavelet basis, Decomposition order and suitable threshold value, is farthest protected while noise is eliminated
Stayed the coefficient of useful signal, and then obtained the optimal estimation of signal, but Optimal wavelet bases, Decomposition order in this method and
The acquisition of threshold value is relatively difficult, it is necessary to experience and continuously attempt to that suitable coefficient could be obtained.Wiener Filter Method is a kind of from making an uproar
The linear filtering method of useful signal is extracted in sound, its realization principle is the power spectral density according to known useful signal and noise
Or correlation function, wiener-Hough equation is solved using minimum mean square error criterion, so that the optimum linear estimation of signal is realized,
But this method needs that the priori of noise and useful signal is obtained ahead of time, without adaptivity, thus application on by
Limitation.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of a kind of polarization mode dispersion for overcoming above mentioned problem or solving the above problems at least in part
Measurement accuracy method for improving and system, solve limitation in existing measuring method greatly, is difficult to non-linear and non-stationary signal
The problem of obtaining real frequency spectrum.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method, including：
S1, by PMD measurement signals by spectrum signature carry out multilayer decomposition, obtain the intrinsic mode function of PMD measurement signals；
S2, noise filtering and signal reconstruction are carried out to the PMD measurement signals after decomposition, recover the true of PMD measurement signals
Extreme value number, realizes that PMD measurement accuracy is improved.
As preferred, the step S1 is specifically included：
S11, normalized PMD measurement signals are obtained by stationary analyzer method；
S12, adaptive decomposition carried out to PMD measurement signals using Empirical mode decomposition, obtain limited frequency from big
To minispread and come from the intrinsic mode function signal and a residual signal of PMD measurement signals itself.
As preferred, in the step S11, the optical signal that testing fiber is exported is respectively through analyzer and directly defeated
Go out to obtain corresponding output spectrum PA(λ) and PTOT(λ), and then obtain normalized PMD measurement signals
As preferred, the step S12 is specifically included：
S121, judge whether PMD measurement signals meet intrinsic mode function condition, if otherwise entering step S122, if
Then enter step S124；
S122, all maximum and minimum extracted in PMD measurement signals, and intended respectively based on maximum and minimum
Close out the upper lower envelope of PMD measurement signals；
S123, calculating obtain interim surplus, and interim surplus is assigned into PMD measurement signals, judges whether that meeting decomposition stops
Only criterion, if then entering step S124, otherwise return to step S122；
S124, obtain an intrinsic mode function signal, continue to decompose until decomposable process terminates, obtain multiple eigen modes
State function signal and a residual signal.
As preferred, in step S123, the decomposition stopping criterion is：SD ＜ ε；
In formula, Eupp(λi) and Elow(λi) be respectively PMD measurement signals upper lower envelope；Rr(λi) it is interim surplus, PMD
The corresponding collection of λ is combined into [λ in measurement signal1,λ2···λN], the total number of N wavelength points included in set..
As preferred, in the step S124, in addition to residual signal is measured, and count the extreme value of residual signal
Number, proceeds to decompose if the extreme value number of residual signal is more than given threshold, obtains next intrinsic mode function signal,
Otherwise decomposable process terminates.
As preferred, using continuous mean-square error criteria to Empirical mode decomposition adaptive decomposition in the step S2
The PMD measurement signals of acquisition are reconstructed and filtering process.
As preferred, the step S2 is specifically included：
S21, the continuous least mean-square error for calculating intrinsic mode function signal；
S22, separation when searching makes the minimum variance take minimum value；
S23, intrinsic mode function signal by separation correspondence exponent number and afterwards and the cumulative summation of surplus, are filtered out
Reconstruction signal after noise.
As preferred, the continuous least mean-square error calculation formula of the intrinsic mode function signal is：
In formula, IMFj(λi) it is jth rank intrinsic mode function signal.
A kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement system, including empirical mode decomposition module and signal reconstruction module；
The empirical mode decomposition module is used to utilize the self-adaptive routing based on empirical mode decomposition, and PMD is measured
Signal carries out adaptive decomposition, obtains limited frequency and arranges from big to small and come from the intrinsic mode of PMD measurement signals itself
Function signal and a residual signal；
The signal reconstruction module is used to carry out noise filtering and signal reconstruction using continuous mean-square error criteria, recovers
The true extreme value number of PMD measurement signals, realizes the raising of measurement accuracy.
The application proposes a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system, first according to PMD measurement signals
Spectrum signature carries out multilayer adaptive decomposition to it, obtains limited frequency and arranges from big to small and from measurement signal itself
Intrinsic mode function (IMF), then enter line noise filter and signal reconstruction using continuous mean square error (CMSE) criterion；It is this
Filtering strategies are driven by measurement data completely, and the priori of noise and useful signal need not be known in decomposable process, without
Basic function is set, the noise adaptive-filtering of non-linear and non-stationary signal can be achieved；Noise in PMD measurements can effectively be removed
Influence, recover the PMD measurement signals not by noise jamming, the existing deficiency for filtering out Noise Method compensate for, to non-linear
There is good local adaptation and higher robustness with non-stationary signal, PMD measurement accuracy is improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method flow block diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is to measure polarization mode dispersion experimental provision schematic diagram according to the stationary analyzer method of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the idiographic flow schematic diagram according to the polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is through EMD methods to filter out contrast schematic diagram before and after noise according to the PMD measurement signals of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is the 6.3km dispersion compensating fiber measurement results according to the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 6 is the 4.5km dispersion shifted optical fiber measurement results according to the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 7 is the 12.8km standard single-mode fiber measurement results according to the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment to the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in fig. 1, a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method is shown in figure, including：
S1, by PMD measurement signals by spectrum signature carry out multilayer decomposition, obtain the intrinsic mode function of PMD measurement signals；
S2, noise filtering and signal reconstruction are carried out to the PMD measurement signals after decomposition, recover the true of PMD measurement signals
Extreme value number, realizes that PMD measurement accuracy is improved.
As preferred, the step S1 is specifically included：
S11, normalized PMD measurement signals are obtained by stationary analyzer method；
S12, using empirical mode decomposition (Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD) method to PMD measurement signals
Adaptive decomposition is carried out, limited frequency is obtained and arranges from big to small and come from the PMD measurement signals intrinsic mode functions of itself
(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF) signal and a residual signal.
As shown in Fig. 2 measuring polarization mode dispersion experimental provision, including edge successively for the stationary analyzer method that the present invention is used
The polarizer, Polarization Controller, station to be measured, analyzer and high resolution spectrometer that light source transmission direction is set；Station to be measured
For installing testing fiber, its both sides is respectively equipped with interface, can connect light input receiver, in step s 11, wideband light source hair
The light gone out passes sequentially through the polarizer, Polarization Controller, and is exported by testing fiber, and the optical signal that testing fiber is exported is distinguished
By analyzer and directly output, corresponding output spectrum P is obtained by high resolution spectrometerA(λ) and PTOT(λ), and then
To normalized PMD measurement signals
State for convenience, in the present embodiment, first by the wave-length coverage set [λ in PMD measurement signals R (λ)1,λ2,
λ3...λN] correspond in index value [m1,m2,m3...mN], R (λ) → R (m) can be designated as, N is the total number of measurement data, its
Size depends on the wave-length coverage of wideband light source and the resolution ratio of spectrometer.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the step S12 is specifically included：
S121, judge whether PMD measurement signal R (m) meet IMF conditions, if otherwise entering step S122, if then entering
Step S124；
S122, all maximum and minimum extracted in PMD measurement signals, and adjust sample function to be fitted respectively using three times
Go out the upper lower envelope of the envelope of maximum and minimum, i.e. PMD measurement signals, E is designated as respectivelyuppAnd E (m)low(m)；
S123, calculating obtain interim surplus Rr(m) interim surplus, is assigned to PMD measurement signals, judges whether to meet and divides
Stopping criterion is solved, if then entering step S124, otherwise return to step S122, repeats the above steps until completing once to decompose；
In the present embodiment, interim surplus Rr(m) obtained, counted by the mean value computation of the upper lower envelope of PMD measurement signals
Calculating formula is：
S124, obtain an intrinsic mode function signal, the i.e. IMF of jth rankj(m) signal, continues to decompose until decomposing
Journey terminates, and obtains multiple intrinsic mode function signals and a residual signal.
As preferred, in step S123, the decomposition stopping criterion is：SD ＜ ε；
During ideally ε is 0, the embodiment of the present invention, ε values are the number between 0.2~0.3.
In the present embodiment, in the step S124, in addition to measurement residual signal R (m) '=R (m)-IMFj(m), and
Count the extreme value number L of residual signalN, proceed to decompose if the extreme value number of residual signal is more than given threshold, obtain
Next intrinsic mode function signal, otherwise decomposable process terminate, in the present embodiment, if LN>=2 proceed to decompose, and obtain
To next IMF signals；Otherwise decomposable process terminates.Whole decomposable process obtains J IMF signal and a residual signal RC
(m) breakdown of PMD measurement signals, that is, is obtained
As preferred, using continuous mean-square error criteria to Empirical mode decomposition adaptive decomposition in the step S2
The PMD measurement signals of acquisition are reconstructed and filtering process.
As preferred, the step S2 is specifically included：
S21, the continuous least mean-square error for calculating intrinsic mode function signal；Utilize formula：
Obtain the CMSE values of each IMF signal；
S22, separation when searching makes the minimum variance take minimum value；Search obtains making CMSE corresponding when taking minimum value
IMF call numbers jmin；
S23, intrinsic mode function signal by separation correspondence exponent number and afterwards and the cumulative summation of surplus, are filtered out
Reconstruction signal after noise.By jthminRank and IMF signals and surplus R afterwardsC(m) add up summation, obtains filtering out after noise
PMD reconstruction signals：
Embodiment 2
A kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement system, using method as described in Example 1, including empirical modal point
Solve module and signal reconstruction module；
The empirical mode decomposition module is used to utilize the self-adaptive routing based on empirical mode decomposition, and PMD is measured
Signal carries out adaptive decomposition, obtains limited frequency and arranges from big to small and come from the intrinsic mode of PMD measurement signals itself
Function signal and a residual signal；
The signal reconstruction module is used to carry out noise filtering and signal reconstruction using continuous mean-square error criteria, recovers
The true extreme value number of PMD measurement signals, realizes the raising of measurement accuracy.
Different length, the polarization mode dispersion of different type optical fiber are measured in the present embodiment respectively, to verify system of the present invention
The performance of system.As shown in figure 4, giving PMD measurement signals using the Comparative result before and after EMD adaptive-filterings, EMD is filtered
Effect is verified that as can be seen from Figure 4, EMD filter methods can effectively eliminate " false peaks " of noise generation, accurately recover signal
Extreme value, and then improve the precision of PMD measurement results.
The inclined of dispersion compensating fiber (DCF), dispersion shifted optical fiber (DSF) and standard single-mode fiber (SMF) is measured respectively
Polarization mode dispersion value.We go back Experimental comparison's EMD self-adaptive routings imitates with Wiener Filter Method to the processing of PMD measurement signals
Really, and by two kinds of experimental results compared with commercial apparatus measurement result (actual value), as a result as illustrated in figs. 5-7.Fig. 5 is
6.3km tri- kinds of graph of measured results of DCF, there it can be seen that poor using the result of EMD filter methods and the maximum of actual value
Value is 0.144ps, better than the worst error value 0.539ps of Wiener Filter Method；Fig. 6 is 4.5km tri- kinds of measurement result curves of DSF
Figure, it is possible to find the maximum difference for using EMD filter methods is 0.242ps, is equally better than Wiener Filter Method worst error value
0.766ps；Fig. 7 is 12.8km tri- kinds of measuring method Comparative results of SMF, it can be seen that using the worst error of EMD filter methods
For 0.027ps, better than the worst error 0.102ps of Wiener Filter Method.
In addition, in the present embodiment, we also specifically compare two kinds of filtering and noise reduction sound measurement results and surveyed with commercial apparatus
Measure the comparison of two kinds of filtering method measurement results and commercial apparatus measurement result (actual value) in the error of result, specific following table；
| DCF | DSF | SMF | |
| Actual value (ps) | 9.921 | 5.393 | 0.635 |
| The average value (ps) of EMD filter method measurement results | 9.895 | 5.430 | 0.634 |
| The average value (ps) of Wiener Filter Method measurement result | 9.861 | 5.300 | 0.745 |
| The error of EMD filter methods measurement result and actual value | 0.26% | 0.69% | 0.16% |
| The error of Wiener Filter Method measurement result and actual value | 0.60% | 1.72% | 17.32% |
From table it was found from, for DCF optical fiber, the PMD measurement errors of EMD filter methods are 0.26%, are better than Wiener filtering
The 0.60% of method；For DSF optical fiber, EMD filter methods proposed by the present invention, its PMD measurement error is 0.69%, better than wiener filter
The 1.72% of ripple method；For SMF optical fiber, the PMD measurement errors of EMD filter methods are 0.16%, are much better than Wiener Filter Method
17.32%.
Therefore, when carrying out PMD measurements using fixed analysis process, EMD self-adaptive routings proposed by the present invention can be more preferable
Ground eliminates the influence of " false peaks " that are produced by noise, accurately recovers the extreme cases of signal, and measurement error is filtered less than wiener
Ripple method, hence it is evident that improve measurement accuracy.
Total described, the application proposes a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method and system, is surveyed first according to PMD
The spectrum signature of amount signal carries out multilayer adaptive decomposition to it, obtains limited frequency and arranges from big to small and from measurement
The intrinsic mode function (IMF) of signal itself, then enters line noise filter and signal using continuous mean square error (CMSE) criterion
Reconstruct；This filtering strategies are driven by measurement data completely, need not know that the priori of noise and useful signal is known in decomposable process
Know, without basic function is set, the noise adaptive-filtering of non-linear and non-stationary signal can be achieved；PMD can effectively be removed
The influence of noise in measurement, recovers the PMD measurement signals not by noise jamming, compensate for existing filtering out Noise Method not
Foot, has good local adaptation and higher robustness to non-linear and non-stationary signal, improves PMD measurement accuracy.
Finally, the present processes are only preferably embodiment, are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method, it is characterised in that including：
S1, by PMD measurement signals by spectrum signature carry out multilayer decomposition, obtain the intrinsic mode function of PMD measurement signals；
S2, noise filtering and signal reconstruction are carried out to the PMD measurement signals after decomposition, recover the true extreme value of PMD measurement signals
Number, realizes that PMD measurement accuracy is improved.
2. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S1 is specific
Including：
S11, normalized PMD measurement signals are obtained by stationary analyzer method；
S12, using Empirical mode decomposition to PMD measurement signals carry out adaptive decomposition, obtain limited frequency from big to small
Arrange and come from the intrinsic mode function signal and a residual signal of PMD measurement signals itself.
3. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the step S11,
The optical signal that testing fiber is exported obtains corresponding output spectrum P respectively through analyzer and directly outputA(λ) and PTOT
(λ), and then obtain normalized PMD measurement signals
4. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step S12 tools
Body includes：
S121, judge whether PMD measurement signals meet intrinsic mode function condition, if otherwise entering step S122, if then entering
Enter step S124；
S122, all maximum and minimum extracted in PMD measurement signals, and fitted respectively based on maximum and minimum
The upper lower envelope of PMD measurement signals；
S123, calculating obtain interim surplus, and interim surplus is assigned into PMD measurement signals, judge whether to meet and decompose stopping standard
Then, if then entering step S124, otherwise return to step S122；
S124, obtain an intrinsic mode function signal, continue to decompose until decomposable process terminates, obtain multiple intrinsic mode letters
Number signal and a residual signal.
5. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in step S123, institute
Stating decomposition stopping criterion is：SD ＜ ε；
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<mi>R</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
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In formula, Eupp(λi) and Elow(λi) be respectively PMD measurement signals upper lower envelope；Rr(λi) it is interim surplus, PMD measurement letters
The corresponding wavelength sets of λ are [λ in number1,λ2…λN], the total number of N wavelength points included in set.
6. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step S124
In, in addition to measurement residual signal, and the extreme value number of residual signal is counted, if the extreme value number of residual signal is more than setting threshold
Value then proceeds to decompose, and obtains next intrinsic mode function signal, otherwise decomposable process terminates.
7. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that adopted in the step S2
With continuous mean-square error criteria the PMD measurement signals that Empirical mode decomposition adaptive decomposition is obtained are reconstructed and filtering at
Reason.
8. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the step S2 is specific
Including：
S21, the continuous least mean-square error for calculating intrinsic mode function signal；
S22, separation when searching makes the minimum variance take minimum value；
S23, intrinsic mode function signal by separation correspondence exponent number and afterwards and the cumulative summation of surplus, acquisition filter out noise
Reconstruction signal afterwards.
9. polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the intrinsic mode letter
Number signals continuous least mean-square error calculation formula be：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>CMSE</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
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<mo>=</mo>
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</mover>
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<mi>j</mi>
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In formula, IMFj(λi) it is jth rank intrinsic mode function signal.
10. a kind of polarization mode dispersion measurement precision improvement system, it is characterised in that including empirical mode decomposition module and signal weight
Structure module；
The empirical mode decomposition module is used to utilize the self-adaptive routing based on empirical mode decomposition, to PMD measurement signals
Adaptive decomposition is carried out, limited frequency is obtained and arranges from big to small and come from the PMD measurement signals intrinsic mode functions of itself
Signal and a residual signal；
The signal reconstruction module is used to carry out noise filtering and signal reconstruction using continuous mean-square error criteria, recovers PMD
The true extreme value number of measurement signal, realizes the raising of measurement accuracy.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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