CN107227952B - Crack induction logging response water tank simulation device - Google Patents
Crack induction logging response water tank simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107227952B CN107227952B CN201610178942.8A CN201610178942A CN107227952B CN 107227952 B CN107227952 B CN 107227952B CN 201610178942 A CN201610178942 A CN 201610178942A CN 107227952 B CN107227952 B CN 107227952B
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013210 evaluation model Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 10
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- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crack induction logging response water tank simulation device, which comprises: the water tank is used for containing solution with controllable mineralization degree so as to simulate the conduction of bedrocks of strata with different resistivity; the fracture simulation assembly is composed of a metal net group and is arranged in the water tank to simulate different stratum fractures; the induction logging simulation assembly simulates a logging instrument and is used for carrying out induction logging measurement on the formation fracture; and the borehole simulation component penetrates through the metal net group and is used for placing the induction logging simulation component to simulate the borehole environment. The invention can establish a fracture interpretation and evaluation model for the induction logging of the fractured formation, and is used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of the induction logging of the formation, recognition of an oil-water layer, evaluation of productivity and calculation of reserve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of logging physical simulation devices, and particularly relates to a crack induction logging response water tank simulation device.
Background
Fractures are both important hydrocarbon reservoir spaces and important migration channels for low permeability reservoirs. Whether the crack develops or not is directly related to the oil gas productivity. With the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development work, the well logging evaluation work of fractured reservoirs increasingly draws attention of people. Fracture parameter evaluation is an important problem faced by well logging interpretation, and resistivity logging is an effective means for evaluating fractures by conventional well logging at present.
In carbonate reservoirs, because the resistivity of surrounding rocks is high, double laterolog is mostly adopted to measure the formation resistivity. A simulation experiment device for the influence of fracture parameters on the response of the dual laterolog is developed at present, the experiment for the influence of the fracture parameters on the response of the dual laterolog is carried out, the relation between the fracture parameters and the response of the dual laterolog is cleared, and a fracture parameter dual laterolog quantitative evaluation model is provided.
However, in sandstone and shale reservoirs with relatively low background resistivity, induction logging measurement is mostly adopted. At present, the simulation device for the influence of fracture parameters on induction logging is less in research design and is poorer in fit with the actual situation, the conductivity of fractures, well bores and bedrocks, the invasion influence of slurry and the mutual coupling relation are not considered in a model, and only qualitative simulation can be carried out on the fracture response, so that the quantitative research of the influence of the fracture parameter change on the induction logging is hindered, and the quantitative evaluation of the fracture parameters of the induction logging is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a crack induction logging response water tank simulation device which is used for accurately and quantitatively simulating the crack induction logging response.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a fracture induction logging response water tank simulation apparatus including:
the water tank is used for containing solution with controllable mineralization degree so as to simulate the conduction of bedrocks of strata with different resistivity;
the fracture simulation assembly is composed of a metal net group and is arranged in the water tank to simulate different stratum fractures;
the induction logging simulation assembly simulates a logging instrument and is used for carrying out induction logging measurement on the formation fracture;
and the well hole simulation assembly penetrates through the metal net group and is used for placing the induction logging simulation assembly to simulate a well hole environment.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the metal mesh group comprises a plurality of metal meshes, and the metal meshes are formed by splicing an inner conductive mesh which simulates the shallow part characteristic of the crack and is close to the logging instrument and an outer conductive mesh which simulates the deep part characteristic of the crack and is far away from the logging instrument.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the inner conductive mesh is an annular conductive mesh, the center of the annular conductive mesh passes through the induction logging simulation assembly, and the radius of the annular conductive mesh is equal to the preset mud invasion radius.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the metal net set is fixed in the water tank and can form any angle with the induction logging simulation assembly.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of said metal meshes of said set of metal meshes are arranged in parallel to simulate parallel fractures or in an intersecting arrangement to simulate intersecting fractures.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the radius of the wires of the metal mesh, the spacing between the wires and the size of the metal mesh are variable.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the wellbore simulating assembly passes through the centre of the conductive mesh.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the wellbore simulation assembly is a tubular member filled with conductive glue of different resistivity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the simulation apparatus further comprises a suspension fixation member for suspending and fixing the induction logging simulation assembly.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the simulation device further comprises a signal acquisition component for acquiring and recording the logging induction signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fracture induction logging response simulation device fills the blank of the fractured stratum induction logging quantitative simulation device, the simulation result of the fracture induction logging response simulation device defines the response characteristics of the fracture induction logging of different parameters, and the foundation of the fractured stratum induction logging evaluation interpretation is laid. The method can also be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model for fracture type formation induction logging, and further used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of induction logging of sandstone, shale and volcanic formations, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fracture induction logging response water tank simulator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
figure 2 is a schematic view of a conductive mesh structure according to one embodiment of the present invention,
wherein, 1, metal net; 2. a conductive mesh holding portion fixing clip; 3. an induction logging instrument; 4. a link nut; 5. a logging cable; 6. a crown block; 7. a support; 8. a ground pulley bracket; 9. a ground pulley; 10. a computer; 11. an induction logging acquisition part; 12. a winch; 13. a conductive mesh holding portion; 14. a water tank; 15. a conductive adhesive; 16. a wellbore simulation component; 17. an outer conductive mesh; 18. an internal conductive mesh; 19. the conductive net is provided with a central hole.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the fracture induction logging response water tank simulation apparatus includes a water tank 14, a fracture simulation module, an induction logging simulation module 3, and a wellbore simulation module 16. The water tank 14 is used for containing a solution with controllable mineralization degree so as to simulate the conduction of bedrocks of strata with different resistivity; the fracture simulation assembly consists of a metal net group 1 and is arranged in the water tank 14 to simulate formation fractures; the induction logging simulation component 3 is used for simulating a logging instrument (generally, the induction logging simulation component can directly select an actual logging instrument) so as to perform induction logging measurement of the formation fracture; the borehole simulation assembly penetrates through the metal mesh group 1 and is used for accommodating the induction logging simulation assembly 3.
The crack induction logging response water tank simulation device is used for simulating the influence of different bedrock resistivity on the induction logging response of a fractured stratum by adjusting the resistivity of a filling solution in the water saving tank 14, and realizing the simulation of the crack induction logging response of different resistivity, inclination angle and length by adjusting the metal mesh group 1 of the crack simulation assembly, thereby solving the problem of the quantitative simulation measurement of the induction logging response characteristics of different crack parameters.
As shown in fig. 1, the water tank 14 for simulating bedrock conductivity may be a cubic water tank filled with a distilled water solution with controllable mineralization for simulating bedrock conductivity of formations with different resistivities. For example, the tank 14 is filled with a sodium chloride solution with a controlled degree of mineralization, the sodium chloride concentration being adjusted so that the solution resistivity is equal to the bedrock resistivity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the set of expanded metal 1 comprises a plurality of expanded metal, and the single expanded metal is formed by splicing an inner conductive mesh 18 close to the logging tool for simulating the shallow part characteristic of the crack and an outer conductive mesh 17 far away from the logging tool for simulating the deep part characteristic of the crack, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the resistivity of the inner conductive mesh 18 is different from the resistivity of the outer conductive mesh 17. The inner conductive mesh 18 and the outer conductive mesh 17 are made of a single-layer weave of conductive filaments. When the metal net is manufactured, the conductive wires are woven into a single square conductive net, the resistivity of the conductive net can be calculated according to a surface resistivity formula, the diameter and the interval between the conductive wires are adjusted, the resistivity of the conductive net is equal to the required resistivity, and the logging response of cracks with different extension lengths is simulated by adjusting the size of the conductive net.
After determining the crack resistivity distribution characteristics (resistance-increasing invasion, low resistance at the deep part of the crack, high resistance at the shallow part, resistance-reducing invasion, high resistance at the deep part of the crack and low resistance at the shallow part) and the invasion radius after mud invasion, respectively manufacturing two square conductive nets with the same resistivity as the deep resistivity of the crack and the shallow resistivity, and cutting and splicing the two square conductive nets according to the shape shown in figure 2. Specifically, the internal conductive mesh simulating the shallow part feature of the crack is cut into a circle, and the radius of the internal conductive mesh is equal to the preset invasion radius. And cutting the middle part of the external conductive net simulating the deep part characteristic of the crack into a circle with the same radius, and splicing the circular conductive net simulating the shallow part characteristic of the crack and the conductive net simulating the deep part characteristic of the crack with the middle part of the conductive net removed, according to the graph 2. Finally, a hole 19 is dug in the center of the inner conductive mesh to allow the induction logging instrument to pass through smoothly. A plurality of metal nets with the above structures are combined together according to different intervals and different angles to form a metal net group 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal mesh assembly is fixed in the water tank 14 and is at any angle with the induction logging simulation module 3. Specifically, a plurality of metal nets each simulating a crack as shown in fig. 2 are prepared, and the metal nets are fixed in a water tank 14 through a metal net holding portion 13 and a fixing portion 2, as shown in fig. 1. The multiple conductive metal nets can be arranged in parallel at any included angle alpha with the induction logging simulation component 3 to simulate the response characteristics of parallel crack groups at different included angles with a well axis, or can be mutually welded and coupled to simulate the response characteristics of induction logging when multiple crossed cracks exist.
In one embodiment of the invention, the wellbore simulation assembly 16 is a tubular structure filled with conductive cement of different resistivity. The tubular structure comprises a polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC pipe). The conductive PVC pipe simulates a borehole, and conductive adhesive with different resistivity is filled in the borehole, so that the resistance of the conductive adhesive is equal to the resistance of slurry in the borehole. And (3) placing a conductive PVC pipe for simulating a well hole in the annular center of the internal conductive net 18, and arranging the induction logging simulation component 3 in the conductive PVC pipe to finish the induction logging model of the fractured formation.
To fix the induction logging simulation unit 3 in the borehole simulation unit 16, the simulation device further comprises a suspension fixation means for suspending and fixing the induction logging simulation unit 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the hanging and fixing component comprises a logging cable 5, a support 7, a top pulley 6, a ground pulley 9, a ground pulley support 8 and a winch, the top pulley 6 is fixed on the support 7, the ground pulley 9 is fixed on the ground pulley support 8, the logging cable 5 and an induction logging instrument are connected through a link nut 4, the other end of the logging cable 5 bypasses the top pulley 6, and the ground pulley 9 is connected with a signal acquisition component used for acquiring and recording logging induction signals through the winch 12. The signal acquisition component comprises an induction logging instrument ground signal acquisition system 11 and a computer 10 for processing and storing data.
The induction logging response water tank simulation experiment device is simple in structure and easy to realize, and can simulate the induction logging response of cracks with different resistivity by adjusting the diameters of the conductive wires of the conductive metal mesh and the distances among the conductive wires; simulating mud invasion characteristics by adjusting the radius and resistivity of an internal conductive net simulating mud invasion in the metal net, and simulating logging response of cracks (such as horizontal cracks, oblique cracks and vertical cracks) with different inclination angles by adjusting the conductive PVC pipe clamp angles of the metal net and the simulated well shaft; simulating the logging response of the cracks with different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the metal mesh; the method has the advantages that the crack response characteristics under different mud conditions are simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the conductive adhesive for simulating the mud, the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the induction logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, the (parallel and crossed) crack group induction logging response characteristics can be realized by arranging a plurality of metal nets which are coupled with each other, and the difficulty in quantitative simulation and measurement of the induction logging response characteristics of different crack parameters is solved.
The fracture induction logging response simulation device fills the blank of the fractured stratum induction logging quantitative simulation device, the simulation result of the fracture induction logging response simulation device defines the response characteristics of the fracture induction logging of different parameters, and the foundation of the fractured stratum induction logging evaluation interpretation is laid. The method can be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model for fracture type stratum induction logging, and further used for quantitative evaluation of induction logging fracture parameters, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation of sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum. Due to the accuracy and the intuition of the model, the model can also be used for the calibration of the induction logging numerical simulation result, the principle teaching of the induction logging method and the like.
When the simulation device is used for working, the induction logging instrument is firstly controlled to be positioned at the bottom end of the conductive PVC pipe of the simulated borehole through the winch 12. The induction logging signal acquisition part 11 supplies power to the induction logging instrument, alternating current in a transmitting coil in the induction logging instrument excites an electromagnetic field in space, the electromagnetic field generates induced current in sodium chloride solution filled in the metal net group 1 simulating cracks and the water tank 14 simulating the stratum which are mutually coupled, and the magnitude of the induced current is related to the resistivity, the length and the number of the metal net group 1, the mutual coupling arrangement mode, the solution resistivity and the resistivity of the conductive adhesive 14 simulating a well hole. The induced current will excite a secondary electromagnetic field in the space, the secondary electromagnetic field signal will be detected by the receiving coil of the induction logging simulation component 3, and then collected by the induction logging signal collecting part, and recorded and stored by the existing induction logging processing software in the computer 10. Thus, the induction logging simulation component 3 is used for measuring the depth of the bottom end of the conductive PVC pipe, the induction logging instrument 3 is slowly lifted in the conductive PVC pipe through the winch 12, induction logging response measurement of different depth points in the whole model is completed, and the induction logging response is recorded and stored through the computer 10, so that simulation of induction logging response under a single crack parameter is completed.
The method comprises the steps of manufacturing internal conductive nets 18 with different radiuses and resistivity and external conductive nets 17 with different resistivity, splicing and manufacturing metal nets, placing the metal nets in parallel at different angles with conductive PVC well bores in different numbers or placing the metal nets in an intersecting mode, manufacturing 14 models with different solution resistivity and different conductive adhesive resistivity, and simulating the influence of different invasion radiuses, cracks with invasion resistivity, cracks with different deep resistivity, parallel crack groups with different densities and dip angles, intersecting crack groups, different bed rock resistivity and different mud resistivity on induction logging response.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A fracture induction logging response water tank simulator, comprising:
the water tank is used for containing solution with controllable mineralization degree so as to simulate the conduction of bedrocks of strata with different resistivity;
the fracture simulation assembly is composed of a metal net group and is arranged in the water tank to simulate different stratum fractures;
the induction logging simulation assembly is used for simulating a logging instrument and carrying out induction logging measurement on the formation fracture;
the well hole simulation assembly penetrates through the metal net set and is used for placing the induction logging simulation assembly to simulate a well hole environment;
the metal net group comprises a plurality of metal nets, and the metal nets are formed by splicing an internal conductive net which simulates the shallow part characteristic of a crack and is close to the logging instrument and an external conductive net which simulates the deep part characteristic of the crack and is far away from the logging instrument.
2. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner conductive mesh is an annular conductive mesh having a center through which the induction logging simulation assembly passes, and a radius equal to a predetermined mud invasion radius.
3. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metal mesh assembly is fixed in the water tank and can be at any angle with respect to the induction logging simulation assembly.
4. The simulation apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, wherein a plurality of the metal meshes in the set of metal meshes are arranged in parallel to simulate parallel fractures or are arranged to intersect one another to simulate intersecting fractures.
5. Simulation device according to any of the claims 1-3, wherein the radius of the wires of the wire mesh, the spacing between the wires and the size of the wire mesh are variable.
6. The simulation device of claim 1, wherein the wellbore simulating assembly passes through the center of the inner conductive mesh.
7. The simulation device of claim 1, wherein the wellbore simulation assembly is a tubular member filled with conductive glue of different resistivity.
8. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a hanging fixture for hanging and fixing the induction logging simulation assembly.
9. The simulation device of claim 1, further comprising a signal acquisition component for acquiring and recording the logging induced signal.
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| CN109901230B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2020-08-11 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Equipment for temperature correction and deep stratum environment simulation of induction logging instrument |
| CN114076781B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Experimental device, system and method for simulating electric logging response of formation fracture |
| CN114151072B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2023-12-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Crack recognition device |
| CN114909124A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Logging system for simulating fracture-cave carbonate reservoir and resistivity measurement method |
| CN113250682B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-14 | 成都理工大学 | Fracture body stratum leakage simulation device |
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| CN2650152Y (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2004-10-20 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Network dynamic charging potential monitoring device |
| US7319331B2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2008-01-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Two loop calibrator |
| US9390204B2 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2016-07-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Multisegment fractures |
| CN102879803A (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-01-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Orthogonal crack physical model and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103198748B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multifunctional resistivity log experimental device |
| CN203337838U (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-12-11 | 南通市中京机械有限公司 | Device for measuring apparent resistivity of experimental simulation well with geophysical electrical well logging method |
| CN103615238B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2016-01-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of cavernous formation dual laterolog physical simulating device of scaled down and experimental technique |
| CN203948090U (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-11-19 | 西安石油大学 | Horizontal well mud is invaded the analogue experiment installation on resistivity logging response impact |
| CN104948155A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Electrical simulation experiment method for staged-fracturing capacity of horizontal well |
| CN204344117U (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-05-20 | 西安科技大学 | The analogue experiment installation that coal bed gas horizontal well country rock affects resistivity logging |
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