CN107196338B - A kind of double-fed blower low-voltage ride-through method of dynamic adjustment rotor crow bar resistance value - Google Patents
A kind of double-fed blower low-voltage ride-through method of dynamic adjustment rotor crow bar resistance value Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/386—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of double-fed blower low-voltage ride-through methods of dynamic adjustment rotor crow bar resistance value, the Crowbar circuit of resistance is adjusted using dynamic, two parallel resistances R1, R2 are controlled by IGBT 1 and IGBT2 respectively, two IGBT period alternate conductions, comprising: when rotor current amplitude | Ir| it is more than threshold value Ir.thWhen, blocked rotor side current transformer, while putting into resistance value is Rcb1Crowbar circuit, inhibit free voltage drop depth under rotor current；When dc-link capacitance voltage is more than threshold value Udc.th1When, calculating and reducing crow bar resistance value is Rcb2；When dc-link capacitance voltage is more than threshold value Udc.th2, Udc.th2> Udc.th1, when, calculating and reducing crow bar resistance value is Rcb3；As dc-link capacitance voltage UdcIn threshold value Udc.th2Below and rotor current IrI when dropping to its return valuer.reWhen, cut off Crowbar circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low voltage ride through scheme of a double-fed fan, in particular to a low voltage ride through scheme for dynamically adjusting the resistance value of a rotor crowbar in real time.
Background
With the rapid development of power electronic technology, the proportion of large power electronic power generation equipment mainly including a double-fed asynchronous wind generator (DFIG) in a power system is increasing. Due to the unique structure of the double-fed fan, the double-fed fan is more sensitive to grid faults, has more complex transient characteristics, is more prone to being disconnected from the grid, and endangers the safe operation of a power system. The basic requirements for the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability of a wind power plant are clearly set forth in technical provisions of accessing a wind power plant to a power system, and when the voltage of a grid-connected point drops to 20% of a nominal voltage, a wind turbine generator has the capability of continuously running without disconnection.
When a power system has a serious fault, a DFIG terminal has a serious voltage drop, and most of the currently effective methods need to add hardware protection equipment on the DFIG stator and rotor side in order to realize low voltage ride through. The protection device with the crowbar attached to the rotor side is a relatively common low voltage ride through method. Currently, most of the related researches on the DFIG rotor crowbar ride-through technology focus on improving the low-voltage ride-through effect and assisting the recovery of a fault power grid by setting the resistance value of a crowbar resistor and optimizing the switching time of a crowbar device. Meanwhile, the research is also focused on improving the low-voltage ride-through performance of the device by designing a novel crowbar circuit structure and a crowbar circuit control strategy matched with the crowbar circuit structure.
The prior art has the following defects and shortcomings: the rotor crowbar circuit mostly adopts a single or multiple protection circuit structures with fixed resistance values, and when the resistance values of the crowbar resistors are set, the over-current suppression effect of the rotor is usually sacrificed to ensure that the voltage of a direct current bus is not out of limit and the low-voltage ride-through effect is poor. Meanwhile, under the condition of a deep fault, the rotor crowbar is directly cut off to cause the secondary impact of rotor current, so that the frequent repeated switching phenomenon of the rotor crowbar is caused, the input time of the rotor crowbar is prolonged, the reactive power absorption of the DFIG is increased, and the system voltage recovery is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low-voltage ride through method for dynamically adjusting the resistance value of a rotor crowbar, which adopts a rotor crowbar circuit for dynamically adjusting the resistance value, sets and adjusts the resistance value of the crowbar in real time according to fault information and the running state of a fan in the fault process, gives consideration to the inhibition of rotor current and direct-current bus voltage, reduces the switching times and the input time of the crowbar, and completes low-voltage ride through under different power grid voltage drop depths. The technical scheme is as follows:
a double-fed fan low-voltage ride-through method for dynamically adjusting resistance of a rotor Crowbar adopts a Crowbar circuit for dynamically adjusting resistance, two parallel resistors R1 and R2 are respectively controlled by an IGBT1 and an IGBT2, the two IGBTs are conducted alternately in a period, the resistance of a Crowbar equivalent resistor is changed by controlling the duty ratio of a switch, real-time adjustment of the Crowbar resistance of a rotor in a fault process is realized, and the resistance of the Crowbar equivalent resistor is equal to that of the Crowbar equivalent resistor
In the formula, D1 and D2 are duty ratios of on pulse widths of the IGBT1 and the IGBT2, respectively;
the threshold value of the rotor current input by the crowbar is set as Ir.thThe voltage early warning value of the direct current bus capacitor is Udc.th1The maximum allowable value of the DC bus capacitor voltage is Udc.th2The rated value of the DC bus capacitor voltage is Udc.NThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) when the rotor current amplitude IrI exceeds a threshold value Ir.thWhen the rotor-side converter is locked, the input resistance is Rcb1The Crowbar circuit can inhibit the rotor current under any voltage drop depth;
(2) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th1Calculating and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar to R according to the fan operation parameters and the voltage drop depth at the momentcb2The voltage of the direct current bus capacitor is restrained from rising;
(3) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th2，Udc.th2＞Udc.th1And then, calculating and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar to R according to the operation parameters of the fan at the moment and the voltage drop depthcb3；
(4) When the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcAt a threshold value Udc.th2And rotor current IrDown to its return value Ir.reWhen the Crowbar circuit is cut off;
wherein,
Rcb1the setting principle is as follows: when the current phase of the rotor is zero, a three-phase short circuit occurs at a fan grid-connected point, the voltage drop depth is 1, and the possible maximum value I of the current peak value of the rotor is obtained after the crowbar is instantly put into usemax.1Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
Rcb2The setting principle of the method comprises two steps:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the DC bus capacitor voltage early warning value Udc.th1；
Principle 2: peak value of rotor current Imax.2Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
Rcb3The setting principle is that there are two:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the rated voltage value U of the direct current bus capacitordc.N；
Principle 2: peak value of rotor current Imax.3Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
Wherein, the DC bus capacitor voltage early warning value Udc.th1Can be calculated from the following formula: u shapedc.th1＝80％(Udc.th2-Udc.N)+Udc.N。
Compared with the prior art, this scheme has realized the low-voltage ride through of double-fed fan when voltage drops seriously at trouble in-process dynamic adjustment rotor crowbar resistance, reaches following beneficial effect:
(1) and a crowbar with a large resistance value is put into the initial stage of the fault, so that the current impact of the rotor at the stage is effectively inhibited, and the current peak value of the rotor is reduced.
(2) In the fault process, the resistance value of the crowbar is adjusted in real time according to fault information, the overcurrent suppression effect of the rotor is guaranteed by reducing the resistance value of the crowbar stage by stage, the voltage of a direct-current bus capacitor is reduced, and low-voltage ride through of the DFIG under different faults is completed.
(3) The crowbar resistance value corresponding to the crowbar circuit during cutting is reduced, so that the phenomenon of secondary overcurrent of the rotor current can be inhibited, the investment time and switching times of the crowbar are reduced, and the adverse effect on the system voltage recovery is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dynamically adjusted resistor Crowbar circuit
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of adaptive control strategy for Crowbar
FIG. 3 is a DFIG grid-connected graph of the embodiment
FIG. 4(a) transient response at low voltage ride through of the wind turbine at 60% voltage drop
FIG. 4(b) comparison of rotor currents for different schemes at 60% voltage drop
FIG. 4(c) comparison of DC bus voltages for different schemes at 60% voltage drop
FIG. 5(a) transient response at 80% drop in voltage at low voltage ride through of the wind turbine
FIG. 5(b) comparison of rotor currents for different schemes at 80% voltage drop
FIG. 5(c) comparison of DC bus voltages for different schemes when the voltage drops 80%
FIG. 6 crowbar trigger signal
Detailed Description
The invention provides a low-voltage ride through scheme for dynamically adjusting the resistance value of a crowbar, and the crowbar with a large resistance value is put into the early stage of a fault to ensure the suppression of overcurrent of a rotor. And in the subsequent fault process, setting a plurality of direct current bus voltage thresholds, after the direct current bus voltage of the DFIG reaches different thresholds, carrying out real-time setting calculation and adjustment on the resistance value of the crowbar according to the actual voltage drop depth and the change of the running state of the fan, and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar step by step for many times to inhibit the voltage rise of the direct current bus on the premise of ensuring the rotor current inhibition effect, thereby improving the DFIG low voltage ride through effect under different fault depths. Meanwhile, the resistance value of the crowbar when the circuit is cut off is reduced, the secondary impact phenomenon of the rotor current is inhibited, and the switching times and the input time of the crowbar are reduced.
The Crowbar circuit adopts a dynamic adjusting resistor, the circuit structure of the Crowbar circuit is shown in figure 1, and two parallel resistors R1 and R2 are respectively controlled by IGBTs 1 and 2. The two IGBTs are conducted alternately in a period, the equivalent resistance value of the Crowbar can be changed by controlling the duty ratio of the switch, and the real-time adjustment of the Crowbar resistance of the rotor in the fault process is realized.
Crowbar equivalent resistance has a resistance value of
In the formula, D1 and D2 represent duty ratios of on pulse widths of the IGBTs 1 and 2, respectively.
The adaptive control strategy flow diagram is shown in fig. 2. The principle of the adaptive control strategy is as follows:
(1) when the rotor current amplitude IrI exceeds a threshold value Ir.th(generally 2p.u.) the rotor-side converter is locked and the resistance value is Rcb1The Crowbar circuit of (a) a,Rcb1the resistance value is large, and the rotor current under any voltage drop depth can be inhibited;
(2) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th1According to the fan operation parameters and the voltage drop depth at the moment, the resistance value of the crowbar is calculated and reduced to be Rcb2The voltage of the direct current bus capacitor is restrained from rising;
(3) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th2(Udc.th2＞Udc.th1) Then, calculating and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar to R according to the operation parameters of the fan at the moment and the voltage drop depthcb3；
(4) When U is turneddcAt its threshold value Udc.th2And rotor current IrDown to its return value Ir.reWhen this is the case, Crowbar is excised.
This strategy reduces crowbar resistance step by step twice, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that direct current bus capacitor voltage is not out of limit, weakens crowbar resistance as far as possible and reduces the negative effects that leads to rotor transient current decay speed to descend, prevents to form rotor current secondary because of reducing crowbar resistance by a wide margin and assaults.
This strategy reduces crowbar resistance step by step twice, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that direct current bus capacitor voltage is not out of limit, weakens crowbar resistance as far as possible and reduces the negative effects that leads to rotor transient current decay speed to descend, prevents to form rotor current secondary because of reducing crowbar resistance by a wide margin and assaults. The setting of the crowbar resistance is as follows.
During the fault period, the rotor current after the crowbar is put into is as follows:
in the formula, t1At the moment of putting the crowbar in, A (t)1) Is A at t1The value of the time is selected,
rotor current value, tau, at the moment of putting-in of the crowbarr′＝σLr/(Rcb+Rr) The time constant of the equivalent rotor after the crowbar is put into; rs、RrRespectively, equivalent resistance, R, of stator and rotor windingscbIs equivalent to the resistance value of the rotor crowbar, Ls、LrEquivalent inductances, L, of stator and rotor windings, respectivelymThe stator and rotor windings are mutually induced; omegarIs the rotor speed, s is the slip, ωslipIs the angular frequency of rotation difference, V1、V2Stator voltage amplitudes before and after a fault, τ, respectivelysIs the rotor side time constant, leakage inductance coefficient
(1) Crowbar resistor Rcb1Setting of
Before the power grid fault, because the voltage drop depth and the pry bar input time are unknown, in order to ensure that the rotor current is effectively inhibited when the voltage drops to any depth, the pry bar resistor Rcb1The method is set according to the condition that the fault is the most serious, namely when the current phase of a rotor is zero, a three-phase short circuit occurs at a fan grid-connected point and the voltage drop depth is 1 (V)20), maximum possible value I of rotor current peak after instantaneous throw-in of crowbarmax.1Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.thThe expression is
Imax.1＜Imax.th (3)
When the fault occurs when the rotor current phase is zero, the maximum possible rotor current peak value occurs at T/2 moment after the fault[14]Then, the compound represented by the formula (2) can be obtained
In the formula
The phase is 0, and A (0) and A (T/2) are respectively the values of A in 0s and T/2 s.
(2) Crowbar resistor Rcb2Setting of
When the direct current busThe voltage rises to the early warning value Udc.th1In order to avoid the voltage from exceeding the limit, the crowbar resistance is set and reduced to R according to the running state of the fan and the rotor current at the momentcb2The setting principle is as follows:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the DC bus capacitor voltage early warning value Udc.th1；
Principle 2: the peak value of the rotor current is less than the maximum allowable value I of the rotor currentmax.thI.e. by
|Umax|＝Imax.2*Rcb2＜Udc.th1 (5)
Imax.2＜Imax.th (6)
From formula (2) to obtain Imax.2Is about Rcb2Expression (2)
In the formula
Is a crowbar resistor Rcb2Measured value of rotor current at the moment of switching on, t2Is Rcb2At the time of introduction, τ'r2Is Rcb2The equivalent rotor time constant after the input is similar as follows.
R can be obtained by substituting formula (7) for formula (5) and formula (6)cb2The value range of (a).
Udc.th1The value can be determined by equation (8)
Udc.th1＝80％(Udc.th2-Udc.N)+Udc.N (8)
In the formula of Udc.NFor DC bus voltage rating, Udc.th2Is the maximum allowed dc bus voltage.
(3) Crowbar resistor Rcb3Setting of
Under the deep voltage drop fault, the rotor current rises faster and has larger amplitude, and the DC bus capacitor voltage is more difficult to riseTo inhibit the DC bus voltage from further rising to Udc.th2When it is necessary to further reduce the crowbar resistance to Rcb3The setting principle is as follows:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at the two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the rated voltage value of the direct current bus capacitor,
principle 2: the peak value of the rotor current is less than the maximum allowable value I of the rotor currentmax.thI.e. by
|Umax|＝Imax.3*Rcb3＜Udc.N (9)
Imax.3＜Imax.th (10)
Imax.3Can likewise be obtained from formula (2)
A single machine infinity system for a DFIG-containing wind farm is shown in FIG. 3. When the time is set to 0.05s, the three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the DFIG grid-connected point, and after the time lasts for 200ms, the fault is removed at 0.25 s. To verify the effectiveness of the scheme in low voltage ride through, the Crowbar scheme of the traditional Crowbar resistance value Crowbar and the parallel PDR resistance under different faults (60% and 80% voltage drop) is adopted[1]Simulation contrastive analysis is carried out on the LVRT characteristics of the fan, Crowbar is triggered by adopting a rotor overcurrent detection mode in all three schemes, and when I is adoptedr＞2IrNThe crowbar is put inr＜IrNThe time lever delays the 0.005s cut. Maximum allowable value U of DC bus voltagedc.th2Is 1400V.
Under the condition of 60% voltage drop depth, as can be seen from fig. 4(b) and (c), the crowbar resistance value input in the initial stage of the fault is greater than that of the other two schemes, so that the rotor current peak suppression effect is better. Meanwhile, in the aspect of inhibiting the voltage of the direct-current bus, the traditional crowbar with the fixed resistance value cannot inhibit the voltage of the direct-current bus, so that the voltage of the direct-current bus is out of limit; the scheme with the PDR resistor ensures that the voltage of a direct current bus is always about the maximum allowable value by continuously inputting and cutting a fixed-resistance small resistor connected in parallel with a rotor crowbar; according to the scheme, the crowbar resistance is changed in real time in the fault process, the attenuation time of the direct-current bus voltage is advanced, the attenuation speed is higher, and the rotor current suppression effect is guaranteed.
Under the condition of 80% voltage low drop depth, as can be seen from fig. 5(b) and (c), in the process that a crowbar parallel small resistor is continuously put in and cut off in the scheme with the PDR resistor, the rotor current rises at the moment, a new peak value as high as 5.69p.u. is formed, and the rotor current suppression effect is poor; the big resistance crowbar that this scheme was put into at trouble initial stage can guarantee the suppression effect of rotor current, and rotor current peak value is far less than the former, keeps at 4p.u. In the aspect of the limiting effect of the direct-current bus voltage, after the rotor crowbar resistor is adjusted, the attenuation speed of the direct-current bus voltage is higher than that of the scheme with the PDR resistor, and the direct-current bus voltage under the traditional fixed-resistance crowbar scheme is out of limit, reaches 1600V and cannot complete the low-voltage ride-through task.
Fig. 6 compares the switching trigger signals of the rotor crowbars in the three schemes, the traditional fixed-resistance rotor Crowbar has the longest input time, and the Crowbar scheme of the parallel PDR still needs to input a PDR resistor to inhibit the voltage of a direct current bus after the current of the rotor is reduced, so that the input time and the input time of the Crowbar are obviously increased. The dynamic resistance value adjustment Crowbar scheme is obviously less than other two schemes, and the switching loss and the adverse effect on the system voltage recovery are effectively reduced.
Related references:
[1] zhanman, Jianghilan, the crowbar parallel dynamic resistance-based adaptive doubly-fed wind generator low-voltage ride through [ J ] in the technical and electrical reports of electricians, 2014,29(2):271 and 278.
Claims (1)
1. A double-fed fan low-voltage ride-through method for dynamically adjusting resistance of a rotor Crowbar adopts a Crowbar circuit for dynamically adjusting resistance, two parallel resistors R1 and R2 are respectively controlled by an IGBT1 and an IGBT2, the two IGBTs are conducted alternately in a period, the resistance of a Crowbar equivalent resistor is changed by controlling the duty ratio of a switch, real-time adjustment of the Crowbar resistance of a rotor in a fault process is realized, and the resistance of the Crowbar equivalent resistor is equal to
In the formula, D1 and D2 are duty ratios of on pulse widths of the IGBT1 and the IGBT2, respectively;
the threshold value of the rotor current input by the crowbar is set as Ir.thThe voltage early warning value of the direct current bus capacitor is Udc.th1The maximum allowable value of the DC bus capacitor voltage is Udc.th2The rated value of the DC bus capacitor voltage is Udc.NThe method comprises the following steps:
(1) when the rotor current amplitude IrI exceeds a threshold value Ir.thWhen the rotor-side converter is locked, the input resistance is Rcb1The Crowbar circuit can inhibit the rotor current under any voltage drop depth;
(2) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th1Calculating and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar to R according to the fan operation parameters and the voltage drop depth at the momentcb2The voltage of the direct current bus capacitor is restrained from rising;
(3) when the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcExceeds a threshold value Udc.th2，Udc.th2＞Udc.th1And then, calculating and reducing the resistance value of the crowbar to R according to the operation parameters of the fan at the moment and the voltage drop depthcb3；
(4) When the DC bus capacitor voltage UdcAt a threshold value Udc.th2And rotor current IrDown to its return value Ir.reWhen the Crowbar circuit is cut off;
wherein,
Rcb1the setting principle is as follows: when the current phase of the rotor is zero, a three-phase short circuit occurs at a fan grid-connected point, the voltage drop depth is 1, and the possible maximum value I of the current peak value of the rotor is obtained after the crowbar is instantly put into usemax.1Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
Rcb2The setting principle of the method comprises two steps:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the DC bus capacitor voltage early warning value Udc.th1；
Principle 2: peak value of rotor current Imax.2Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
Rcb3The setting principle is that there are two:
principle 1: after the crowbar is put into use, the voltage peak value at two ends of the crowbar is smaller than the rated voltage value U of the direct current bus capacitordc.N；
Principle 2: peak value of rotor current Imax.3Less than maximum allowable rotor current Imax.th；
DC bus capacitor voltage early warning value Udc.th1Calculated from the following formula: u shapedc.th1＝80％(Udc.th2-Udc.N)+Udc.N。
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| CN108493993A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-09-04 | 上海电力学院 | Adaptive double-fed fan motor low voltage crossing scheme based on rotor inline dynamic electric resistor |
| CN108711883B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-07-03 | 国家电网公司 | Coordinated fault ride-through method for wind power plant through flexible direct current power transmission grid-connected system |
| CN109301884B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2022-04-19 | 广东工业大学 | Low voltage ride through method of DFIG |
| CN109617125B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2021-09-21 | 上海交通大学 | Doubly-fed wind turbine generator high-low voltage ride through system and method based on stator string impedance |
| CN118157524B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-11-05 | 广州擎天实业有限公司 | Method and device for detecting overcurrent of inverter bridge of alternating-current excitation device |
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| CN103217641B (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2015-08-26 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | A kind of proving installation of CROWBAR circuit of wind electric converter and method of testing |
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| WO2007113051A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for reducing the idle current requirement of a base frequency clocked supply side converter on idle and with low motor loads |
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