CN107178584B - Automatic transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic gear transmission, comprising a gear gear transmission system and a gear shifting mechanism execution system; It is characterized in that: the end-tooth ratchet mechanism is also equipped with a positive action device, and the automatic clutch also includes a double-cone friction clutch; One end of the driven ratchet of the mechanism is equipped with a centrifugal thrust reverser, and the other end is equipped with a compressed spring and a forward action device; the double-cone friction clutch has large transmission torque and stable performance; the forward action device reduces the frequency of ratchet engagement. Shock to stabilize the gear transmission. The automatic transmission of the invention has high transmission efficiency and can save electricity when used in electric vehicles.

Description

automatic transmission

technical field

The invention relates to an automatic gear transmission for shifting gears in electric vehicle transmission, in particular to a fully automatic gear shifting device for a drive axle differential motor of an electric vehicle, which belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background technique

The manual shifting operation of the differential motor of the existing electric vehicle drive axle is cumbersome, which affects the driving safety; the motor-type and electromagnet-type automatic shifting requires a special controller, which is expensive, has a high failure rate, and is inconvenient to use.

In the prior art, the automatic transmission disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 201520367985.1) includes a gear transmission system, a shifting mechanism execution system, and a power connection system, and the shifting mechanism execution system includes a control device, a reverse Action device, shift switching device; shift switching device is the crank assembly of the driven frame sleeved on the gear shaft, the sliding sleeve of the driven frame and the guide rod, the assembly of the guide rod and the mobile combination, and the mobile combination and the rotation combination The body is combined or separated to realize gear switching and speed change. When the mobile combined body and the rotary combined body are combined or separated, there is a large transmission impact, and it is not suitable for assembly in high-end electric cars.

The automatic transmission disclosed in the Chinese utility model patent application (application number: 201620647518.9) includes a gear transmission system and a gear shifting mechanism execution system; the shifting mechanism execution system includes an automatic clutch and an end face tooth ratchet mechanism; The driven gear is provided with a sleeve seat to rotate with the driven shaft, the driven ratchet and the driven shaft are slidably matched with the driven shaft, one end face of the driven ratchet is provided with driven ratchet teeth, and is also equipped with a centrifugal thrust reverser. The device forces the driven ratchet to move and separate from the driven gear when the rotation speed is high. The other end face of the driven ratchet is equipped with a compressed spring, and the end face of the driven gear is provided with an active ratchet, which is compatible with the driven ratchet. match. The active ratchet teeth and the driven ratchet teeth have the problem of frequent combination and separation at a certain speed, which is easy to cause frequent impact and damage to the ratchet teeth, and will eventually have a short service life and unstable performance.

The above two patents are applied for by myself, and they cannot solve the actual problem of driving comfort of the driving wheel hub and the differential motor of the drive axle of the electric vehicle in the actual application. The automatic transmission is to solve the above problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high manufacturing cost, low mechanical efficiency and high maintenance cost in the application of the current automatic transmission technology in the application of the driving wheel hub and the drive axle differential motor. The present invention provides an automatic transmission with stable and reliable performance, high mechanical efficiency, smooth shifting and comfortable driving, which is applied to the differential motor of the driving wheel hub and the drive axle to make the vehicle shift.

The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An automatic transmission includes a gear transmission system and a shifting mechanism execution system; the gear transmission system is a dual-shaft second-speed gear transmission or an epicyclic gear transmission, and the shifting mechanism execution system includes an automatic clutch Cooperate with the face tooth ratchet mechanism or the automatic clutch with the reverse action shifting mechanism.

The end-tooth ratchet mechanism is also equipped with a positive action device, and the automatic clutch is a double-cone friction clutch; the double-cone friction clutch includes a double-cone cavity, a centrifugal frame, a throwing block, a hoop spring, and a plurality of throwing block circles. The array is mounted on the centrifuge rack by hoop springs.

The end-tooth ratchet mechanism is that the driven gear is provided with a sleeve seat and the driven shaft is rotatably matched, and the annular disc in the driven ratchet and the centrifugal thrust reverser is in sliding fit with the driven shaft through splines; the end-tooth ratchet mechanism It is a one-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch or a two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch; the one-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch has a driven ratchet on one end face of the driven ratchet, and is equipped with a centrifugal thrust reverser. Equipped with a compressed spring and a forward action device, the forward action device is that the driven ratchet is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring through a cylinder, or the driven ratchet is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring or a petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring through a positioning claw. One end face of the movable gear is provided with a driving ratchet, and the driving ratchet is matched with the driven ratchet.

The automatic clutch is matched with the ratchet mechanism on the end face teeth. The double-cone surface cavity of the automatic clutch is assembled on the outer spline sleeve fixed by the second-speed driving gear through the inner spline sleeve, and the centrifugal frame is assembled through the inner spline of the cylinder seat. on the gear shaft.

The automatic clutch cooperates with the reverse action shifting mechanism, the double-cone surface cavity of the automatic clutch is assembled on the gear shaft through the inner spline sleeve seat, and the centrifugal frame is assembled on the motor shaft through the inner spline of the cylindrical seat.

The two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch has a positive rotation driven ratchet on one end surface of the positive rotation driven ratchet, and is equipped with a centrifugal reverse thrust device, and the other end surface of the positive rotation driven ratchet is equipped with a compressed spring and a positive action. The positive action device is that the positive-rotating driven ratchet is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring through a cylinder, or the positive-rotating driven ratchet is circumferentially arranged with a plurality of positioning claws, and the positioning claw is provided with an arc groove to assemble the double-ring steel leaf spring or Petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring, one end face of the driven gear is provided with a forward rotation driving ratchet to match with the forward rotation driven ratchet; the other end face of the driven gear is provided with a reverse driving ratchet and a reverse rotation driven ratchet The reverse driven ratchet teeth on one end face are adapted, the reverse driven ratchet wheel is equipped with a centrifugal thrust reverser, and the other end surface of the reverse driven driven ratchet wheel is equipped with a compressed spring.

The double-cone surface friction clutch has a double-cone surface cavity including a disc seat, an inner spline sleeve seat, a conical body, and a large cylinder. , a wave plate spring coil is installed between the inner circular step of the large cylinder and the outer circular step of the conical surface ring, the outer circle of the conical surface ring is provided with convex teeth and assembled in the groove of the large cylinder, and the conical surface ring passes through the large inner circlip. It is assembled on a large cylinder; or a ring gasket is assembled between the conical ring and the large inner circlip; the centrifugal frame includes a cylinder seat, a baffle, a sliding cavity, a V-shaped cavity, and a bottom plate, and the cylinder seat is provided with an outer Circlip groove, the throwing block is provided with a cuboid sliding block, the sliding block is adapted to the sliding cavity, and a plurality of throwing blocks are arranged in a circle on the centrifugal rack through a C-shaped hoop spring to form a double-cone round cake that can be expanded or contracted. The bi-directional outer conical surface of the round cake is matched with the bi-directional inner conical surface of the double-conical surface cavity. The outer circle of the double-conical round cake forms a concave ring groove. At the convex block; or two C-shaped hoop springs with opposite opening directions are overlapped and assembled in the concave ring groove, the opening of each C-shaped hoop spring is respectively placed at the convex block of the two throwing blocks, and the convex block is provided with a gap , and each two bumps are respectively arranged on two adjacent sling blocks.

The driven ratchet is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring or a petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring through the positioning claw. The barb inner circlip assembly type double-ring steel leaf spring, the barbs at both ends of the barb inner circlip are assembled between two positioning claws, the positioning claw is provided with an arc groove end face step, and the double-ring steel leaf spring includes energy storage steel Plate, positioning inner ring, positioning outer ring, the positioning outer ring is installed between the arc groove end face step and the barb inner circlip; when the positioning inner ring and the positioning outer ring are on the same plane, the positive rotation of the driven ratchet The end face and the end face of the forward rotating active ratchet are also on the same face, and the energy storage steel sheet is in a squeezed state. The positioning inner ring is assembled on the driven shaft.

The self-locking assembled double-ring steel leaf spring has a positioning claw with an arc-shaped groove, and the double-ring steel leaf spring includes an energy storage steel piece, a positioning inner ring, a positioning outer ring, and a locking piece, and the positioning outer ring is circumferentially arranged with positioning edges, The rib, the positioning claw is installed between the rib and the locking piece, and the positioning edge is placed in the arc groove; when the positioning inner ring and the positioning outer ring are in the same plane, the end face of the positive-rotating driven ratchet and the positive-rotating driving The end faces of the ratchet teeth are also on the same face, and the energy storage steel sheet is in a squeezed state; the positioning inner ring is assembled on the driven shaft.

The petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring includes a positioning inner ring, an energy storage steel sheet, and a fork-shaped steel sheet. The energy storage steel sheet and the fork-shaped steel sheet are circumferentially arranged on the outer circle of the positioning inner ring. In the arc groove of the claw; when the positioning inner ring and the fork-shaped steel sheet are on the same plane, the end face of the positive rotating driven ratchet tooth and the end face of the forward rotating driving ratchet tooth are also on the same plane, and the energy storage steel sheet is in the same plane. squeezed state. The positioning inner ring is fixed on the driven shaft.

The automatic clutch cooperates with the end face tooth ratchet mechanism, and its gear shaft is connected with the motor shaft through an elastic coupling. The left claw body of the elastic coupling includes an inner spline sleeve, a baffle plate and a force claw. The left end of the left claw body There is a baffle plate on the surface, and a plurality of force claws are arranged on the outer circumference of the inner spline sleeve. The force claw protrudes from the right end face of the inner spline sleeve. The axial length of the force claw is two times the axial length of the inner spline sleeve. The structure of the right claw body is the same as that of the left claw body or only the inner spline hole is different, and the plum blossom rubber pad is assembled between the left claw body and the right claw body.

The automatic clutch cooperates with the reverse action shifting mechanism. The automatic clutch is a double-cone friction clutch. The double-cone cavity is assembled on the outer spline at the right end of the gear shaft through the inner spline sleeve, and the outer spline is connected to the outer circlip through the bearing end face. Positioning or positioning through the end face of the bearing and the end face of the cylinder seat, the inner circle of the cylinder seat of the centrifuge frame is provided with an inner convex ring step, the cylinder seat is rotated and slidingly assembled on the right end of the gear shaft, and the center of the right end of the gear shaft is provided with The screw hole, the right end face of the gear shaft and the end face of the inner convex ring of the cylinder seat are in contact with one end face of the lock washer, and the other end face of the lock washer is assembled and fastened by the inner hexagon bolt through the screw hole of the gear shaft. The hole is provided with an inner spline to match the outer spline of the motor shaft. The casing is provided with a circular end cover to match the circular concave ring cavity of the right half shell. The circular hole in the middle of the circular end cover is equipped with an oil seal. Motor shaft adaptation.

The automatic clutch cooperates with the reverse action shifting mechanism. The automatic clutch is a double-cone friction clutch. The double-cone cavity is assembled on the outer spline at the right end of the gear shaft through the inner spline sleeve, and the outer spline is connected to the outer circlip through the bearing end face. Positioning, the centrifugal frame is assembled on the outer splines of the motor shaft through the inner splines of the cylindrical seat; The hole is equipped with an oil seal, and the oil seal is adapted to the motor shaft.

The automatic clutch is matched with the end face tooth ratchet mechanism or the automatic clutch is matched with the reverse action shifting mechanism, and the automatic clutch includes a shoe type automatic clutch or a multi-plate automatic clutch.

The two-shaft second-speed gear transmission is that the second-speed driving gear assembled by the gear shaft through the automatic clutch meshes with the second-speed driven gear, the first-speed driving gear fixed on the gear shaft meshes with the first-speed driven gear, and the first-speed driven gear is driven. The gear is assembled on the driven shaft through the face-tooth ratchet mechanism, the second-speed driven gear is assembled and fixed with the driven shaft, and the driven shaft outputs power through the sprocket or gear, or the pinion and the differential gear are processed on the driven shaft. The gear meshes output power.

The two-shaft second-speed gear transmission can also be that the gear shaft assembles the second-speed driving gear and the first-speed driving gear through the reverse action shifting mechanism, the second-speed driving gear meshes with the second-speed driven gear, and the first-speed driving gear and the first-speed driving gear. The gear driven gear meshes, the gear shaft is connected to the motor shaft through the automatic clutch, the second gear driven gear and the first gear driven gear are respectively assembled and fixed with the driven shaft, and the driven shaft outputs power through the sprocket or gear or from the driven shaft. The drive shaft is equipped with a pinion gear and the differential gear is engaged to output power.

In the reverse action shifting mechanism, the reverse action device is connected with the operating device, and the sliding sleeve fixed by the driven frame in the reverse action device is assembled with the first guide rod and the second guide rod, and the first guide rod and the second guide rod. The rod is assembled in the two deep grooves of the gear shaft and passes through the positioning retaining ring and the second gear driving gear. The first guide rod and the second guide rod are connected with the steel sheet synchronous elastic combination sleeve or with the elastic combination sleeve Steel ball clutch connection.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the automatic transmission of the present invention are:

1. This automatic transmission adopts a double-cone friction clutch, which can effectively buffer the transmission shock caused by acceleration and deceleration during shifting. The double-cone friction clutch transmits large torque and has a long service life. , to ensure the continuity and reliability of power transmission.

2. The automatic clutch is used with the reverse action shifting mechanism to effectively buffer the transmission shock during shifting, especially when the vehicle is coasting, the automatic clutch is automatically disengaged, the motor can be stopped and the sliding resistance of the vehicle is reduced. , which can prolong the service life of the drive axle and increase the cruising range of the electric vehicle.

3. The highest mechanical efficiency is obtained by pure mechanical gear transmission, which is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction. Especially in the working condition of transmission overrun, the positive action device is used to ensure the reliability of the meshing and separation of the ratchet teeth. The application of this technology The second-gear differential motor can be assembled on the existing electric vehicle, with good production inheritance and low manufacturing cost.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a second-speed differential motor of an automatic transmission according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the axial sectional view of the two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the partial structure schematic diagram of self-locking assembled double-ring steel leaf spring;

Fig. 4 is the partial structure schematic diagram of petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring;

Fig. 5 is the component exploded schematic diagram of elastic coupling;

Fig. 6 is the left side partial component exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is the exploded schematic diagram of the part of the right side of Fig. 2;

8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a second-speed differential motor of an automatic transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic end view of the double-cone friction clutch in FIG. 8;

Figure 10 is an axial cross-sectional view of Figure 9;

Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram of the circular arrangement of throwing blocks;

Fig. 12 is the structural representation of centrifuge rack;

FIG. 13 is an exploded schematic diagram of part of the left side view of FIG. 10 .

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the second-speed differential motor of the automatic transmission according to the present invention, which can be assembled on three wheels Drive axles for electric vehicles and four-wheeled electric vehicles.

In order to make the vehicle start smoothly and improve the comfort of shifting acceleration and deceleration, the drive axle of the electric vehicle adopts the double-cone friction clutch 5 and the two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch 12 to realize the speed shifting. The left half shell 241 is provided with a gear shaft passing through 1, the round hole is provided with a bearing seat, the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the round hole, the inner ring of the bearing 68 is fixed on the right convex step of the outer spline sleeve seat 215, and the right end of the outer spline sleeve seat is connected to the second. The gear drive gear 21 is fixed, the cylindrical cover 43 and the flange are fixed by bolts, the right half shell 243 of the casing 39 is assembled and fixed with the motor 44, the right end of the gear shaft and the motor shaft 46 are connected by spline transmission, inside the casing Assemble the gear shaft 1, the driven shaft 4 and the differential gear 271 through the bearings.

The two-way thrust reverse overrunning clutch 12 only adds a forward action device to the two-way thrust reverse overrun clutch described in the published Chinese utility model patent (application number: 2016206475189).

The gear shaft 1 is positioned and rotated through the retaining ring 84 to assemble the external spline sleeve seat 215 and the second gear driving gear 21. The left end face of the shaft step 101 of the gear shaft is slidingly matched with the right end face of the second gear driving gear 21. The double cone surface The double-cone surface cavity of the friction clutch 5 is assembled on the outer spline sleeve seat 215 fixed by the second-speed driving gear 21 through the inner spline sleeve seat 81, and is assembled and positioned through the outer circlip 34, and the cylindrical seat 153 of the centrifugal frame passes through the inner The spline is installed at the left end of the gear shaft and is assembled and positioned by the outer circlip 69 . The double-cone surface cavity is provided with a disc seat, an inner spline sleeve seat 81, a conical body 83, and a large cylinder 194. A wave plate spring ring 161 is installed between the inner circular step of the large cylinder and the outer circular step of the conical surface ring. The ring 16 is assembled on the large cylinder 194 through the large inner circlip, and the outer circle of the conical ring is provided with convex teeth to be assembled in the groove of the large cylinder; the six slinging blocks 154 are arranged in a circumferential arrangement and assembled on the centrifugal frame to form a double-conical circle. The outer circle of the double-cone round cake forms a concave ring groove to assemble the C-shaped hoop spring 155.

The first-speed driving gear 20 is processed on the gear shaft, the second-speed driving gear 21 meshes with the second-speed driven gear 27, the first-speed driving gear 20 meshes with the first-speed driven gear 26, and the second-speed driven gear is fixed in the driven gear On the shaft 4, the first-speed driven gear 26 is assembled on the driven shaft 4 through the two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch 12, and a pinion 8 is machined in the middle of the driven shaft to mesh with the differential gear 271.

The left end face of the forward driven ratchet in the two-way thrust reversed overrunning clutch is provided with a forward driven ratchet, which is equipped with a centrifugal thrust reverser, and the right end face of the forward driven ratchet is equipped with a compressed forward rotation petal-shaped steel leaf spring And the positive action device; the driven shaft 4 is axially positioned and assembled with the first-speed driven gear 26 through the outer circlip groove 401 to install the outer circlip 110 and the outer circlip groove 402 to install the outer circlip 118. The first-speed driven gear is provided with The sleeve seat 263 is rotatably matched with the driven shaft, the right end face of the first gear driven gear is provided with a positive rotation driving ratchet 264, the positive rotation driven ratchet wheel 127 and the driven shaft 4 are slidingly matched with the driven shaft 4 through the spline 131, and the left end of the forward rotation driven ratchet wheel There is a large convex ring on the surface, the left end surface of the large convex ring is provided with a positive rotation driven ratchet 133 to match the positive rotation active ratchet 264, and the left end surface of the positive rotation driven ratchet is also provided with a small convex ring 132, and the left end of the small convex ring is provided with a small convex ring 132. The surface is in contact with the small steel ball 121, and the small steel ball is assembled in the conical surface annular groove 182 of the forward rotating annular disk 128. The forward rotating annular disk is assembled with the driven shaft through the splines 183, and the cone of the forward rotating annular disk There are four blocking pieces 181 distributed and fixed on the circumference of the annular groove on the surface. The right end surface of the positive-rotating driven ratchet is equipped with a compressed positive-rotating petal-shaped steel leaf spring 116. The circlip 119 is in contact, and the outer circlip 119 is installed in the outer circlip groove 403; six positioning claws are arranged circumferentially on the right end face of the positive-rotating driven ratchet, and the positioning claw 152 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 153 and an inner convex end surface, and the inner surface of the barb is arranged. The barbs 156 at both ends of the retaining spring 32 are assembled between the two positioning claws. The double-ring steel leaf spring 6 is provided with an energy storage steel sheet 182, a positioning inner ring 181, and a positioning outer ring 183. The positioning outer ring 183 is installed on the positioning claw 152. Between the inner convex end face of the hook and the barb inner circlip 32; the barb inner circlip is assembled in the arc groove of the positioning claw. The positioning inner ring 181 is installed between the outer circlip 119 of the driven shaft and the washer 99, the right end surface of the washer is positioned by the outer circlip 31, and the driven shaft 4 is installed with the outer circlip 119 and the outer circlip through the outer circlip groove 403 The groove 404 is fitted with the outer snap spring 31 . When the positioning inner ring 181 and the positioning outer ring 183 are on the same plane, the end face of the positive rotation driven ratchet tooth 133 and the end face of the forward rotation driving ratchet tooth 264 are also on the same plane, and the energy storage steel of the double-ring steel leaf spring 6 Sheet 182 is in a squeezed state.

In order to save the inner circlip of the barb, the double-ring steel leaf spring 6 can also be made into a self-locking assembled double-ring steel leaf spring, and the positioning claw 152 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 153. As shown in FIG. 3, the double-ring steel leaf spring includes energy storage. The steel sheet 182, the positioning inner ring 181, the positioning outer ring 183, the locking piece 186, the positioning outer ring 183 is circumferentially arranged with a mounting edge 187, a positioning edge 185, and a retaining edge 184, and the positioning claw is installed between the retaining edge and the locking plate 186. , the positioning edge is placed in the arc groove, the locking piece is a straight small steel sheet 188 when it is generated, and the small steel sheet and the energy storage steel sheet are then formed by heat treatment; in order to save production costs, the self-locking assembled double-ring steel sheet The spring can also be replaced by a petal-shaped steel leaf spring. As shown in Figure 4, the petal-shaped steel leaf spring includes a positioning inner ring 181, an energy storage steel sheet 182, a forked steel sheet 189, an energy storage steel sheet and a forked steel sheet The sheets are arranged circumferentially on the outer circle of the positioning inner ring, the fork-shaped steel sheets 189 are fork in the arc-shaped grooves of the positioning claws, and the four fork-shaped steel sheets are arranged in a circle in the arc-shaped grooves of the corresponding four positioning claws.

The left end surface of the first-speed driven gear is provided with a reverse driving ratchet 265, the reverse driven ratchet 114 is slidably matched with the driven shaft through the splines 143, and the right end surface of the reverse driven ratchet is provided with a large convex ring, and the right end of the large convex ring is provided with a large convex ring. There is a reverse driven ratchet 141 on the surface to match with the reverse active ratchet 265. The right end surface of the reverse driven ratchet is also provided with a small convex ring 142. The right end surface of the small convex ring is in contact with the small steel ball 111. The small steel ball It is assembled in the conical annular groove of the reversing annular disc 11. The reversing annular disc is assembled with the driven shaft through splines, and four blocking plates are distributed and fixed in the conical annular groove of the reversing annular disc. , the left end surface of the reverse driven ratchet is equipped with a compressed reverse petal-shaped steel leaf spring 117, and the left end surface of the reverse petal-shaped steel leaf spring is in contact with the retaining ring; The total number of steel balls assembled in the forward rotating ring disk is four more. The two-way thrust reverse overrunning clutch shown in Figure 2 is in an overrunning state. The second gear of the automatic transmission shown in FIG. 1 is in a disengaged state, indicating that the vehicle is in a low-speed running state or a parking state.

In order to obtain elastic buffering when the ratchet teeth are engaged and prolong the service life of the automatic transmission, the gear shaft 1 and the motor shaft can be connected through an elastic coupling. As shown in FIG. 5 , the left claw body 71 of the elastic coupling includes The inner spline sleeve 74, the baffle plate 72 and the force claws 73, the left end face of the left claw body 71 is provided with a baffle plate 72, the inner spline sleeve 74 is arranged with three force claws 73 arranged on the outer circumference, and the force claw protrudes from the inner spline On the right end face of the sleeve, the axial length of the force claw is 20 mm, the axial length of the inner spline sleeve is 10 mm, and the baffle is 1.5 mm thick. The structure of the right claw body 76 is the same as that of the left claw body. A plum blossom rubber pad 75 is fitted between the left and right claw bodies. The inner spline sleeve 74 of the left claw body 71 is assembled on the outer spline of the gear shaft, the inner spline sleeve of the right claw body 76 is assembled on the outer spline of the motor shaft, and the axial length of the elastic coupling is only two Thirteen mm, which can save production costs.

As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, in order to make the vehicle start smoothly and accelerate and decelerate more smoothly and comfortably, the automatic clutch is used with the reverse action shifting mechanism to realize the speed shifting and shifting. 8 shows the second embodiment of the second-speed differential motor of the automatic transmission of the present invention, which can be assembled on the drive axles of high-end three-wheel electric vehicles and four-wheel electric vehicles.

The reverse action shifting mechanism is specifically introduced in the published Chinese utility model patent (application number: 2015203679851), wherein the gear shaft is axially equipped with a manipulation device, a reverse action device, and a transmission switching device. The device is a steel ball inclined surface device, and the steel ball inclined surface device is a combination of a steel ball groove and a steel ball claw; the steel ball installed in the steel ball groove is in contact with the working surface of the steel ball claw. There are also specific introductions in the published Chinese invention patent (application number: 2012101255418).

The left half shell of the casing 39 is provided with a circular hole and a flange passing through the gear shaft 1, the cylindrical cover 43 is fixed with the flange, and the bottom of the cylindrical cover is provided with a bearing seat, and the right half shell 243 of the casing is connected to the flange. The motor is assembled and fixed, and the gear shaft, driven shaft 4 and differential gear 271 assembly are assembled in the casing through bearings. The first-speed driving gear 21 meshes with the second-speed driven gear 27, the first-speed driving gear 20 meshes with the first-speed driven gear 26, and the second-speed driven gear and the first-speed driven gear are fixed on the driven shaft 4 by splines, from The pinion gear 8 is processed on the moving shaft to mesh with the differential gear 271 to output power.

The control device 9 adopts the steel ball groove to cooperate with the steel ball claw, and the steel ball installed in the steel ball groove is in contact with the working surface of the steel ball claw 91; the control device and the reverse action device 10 are connected through the connecting piece 34, and the right end of the steel ball claw The left end of the action device is equipped with a compressed tower-shaped large compression spring 411, the driven frame of the reverse action device is assembled with the first guide rod 15 and the second guide rod 3 through the sliding sleeve, and the right ends of the two guide rods are connected with the elastic combination sleeve 7. .

The double-cone surface cavity of the double-cone surface friction clutch 5 is assembled on the outer spline at the right end of the gear shaft 1 through the inner spline sleeve seat, and the inner spline sleeve seat 81 is assembled between the blocking pad 157 and the cylinder seat 153. The left side of the inner circle of the cylindrical seat of the frame 196 is provided with an inner convex ring step 149, the cylindrical seat 153 is rotatably and slidably assembled on the right end of the gear shaft, the center of the right end of the gear shaft is provided with a screw hole, and the right end face of the gear shaft and The end face of the inner convex ring of the cylinder seat is in contact with the left end face of the lock washer, the right end face of the lock washer 151 is assembled and fastened by the inner hexagon bolt 152 through the screw hole of the gear shaft 1, and the right end of the inner hole of the cylinder seat 153 is provided with an inner spline 146 is adapted to the external splines of the motor shaft 45, the casing is provided with a circular end cover 40 which is adapted to the circular concave ring cavity of the right half shell 243, the circular hole in the middle of the circular end cover 40 is fitted with an oil seal, and the oil seal 49 and The motor shaft 45 is adapted.

The double-cone cavity 82 of the double-cone friction clutch includes a disc seat, an inner spline sleeve 81, a conical body 83, and a large cylinder 194. The inner spline sleeve 81 and the conical body 83 are machined on the disc seat. There are inner circular steps and inner circlip grooves 195, the conical surface ring 16 is provided with an outer circular step, a wave plate spring coil 161 is assembled between the inner circular step of the large cylinder 194 and the outer circular step of the conical surface ring 16, and the conical surface ring 16 is assembled on the large cylinder 194 through the large inner circlip 164; the annular gasket 163 is installed between the conical ring and the large inner circlip to facilitate the adjustment of the space of the double cone cavity; the centrifugal rack 196 includes a cylindrical seat 153, a baffle plate 156. The sliding cavity 144, the V-shaped cavity 145, the bottom plate 191, the cylindrical seat is provided with an outer snap groove 141, the sling block 154 is provided with a cuboid slider 148, the slider is adapted to the sliding cavity 144, and the six sling blocks are arranged in a circle A C-shaped hoop spring is assembled on the centrifuge rack 196 to form a biconical cake 197 that can expand or contract. The outer circle of the ring is provided with protruding teeth 79 to be assembled in the groove 78 of the large cylinder; the outer circle of the double-cone round cake forms a concave ring groove 194 to assemble the C-shaped hoop spring 155, and the opening of the C-shaped hoop spring is placed in the opening of a throwing block. On both sides of the convex block 192 and the convex block 193 of the other slinging block, the two convex blocks are respectively arranged on two adjacent slinging blocks. The left end face of the slider of the six throwing blocks is in contact with the bottom plate 191 , the right end face of the slider is in contact with the baffle plate 156 , the baffle plate is assembled and positioned by the outer circlip 162 , and the outer circlip 162 is installed in the outer circlip groove of the cylinder seat 153 141 on.

The second gear shown in FIG. 8 is in a combined state, indicating that the automatic transmission is in a high-speed operating state.

The speed change principle and operation process of the automatic transmission of the present invention are as follows:

The first embodiment of the second-speed differential motor of the automatic transmission is explained, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 6 and Figure 7, which belongs to the automatic speed shifting, and the double-cone surface friction of the gear shaft 1 is assembled. When the clutch 5 starts and rotates at a low speed, the double-cone round cake 197 formed by the throwing block assembled on the centrifugal frame is in a separated state from the double-cone cavity, and the second-speed driving gear 21 assembled in the double-cone cavity slides on the gear shaft. Rotation, the first-speed driving gear 20 on the gear shaft meshes with the first-speed driven gear 26 for transmission, the first-speed driven gear drives the driven shaft 4 through the end-tooth ratchet mechanism 12, and the driven shaft and the pinion rotate to drive the differential. The large gear rotates to realize the first-speed high-torque drive.

When the driving resistance of the vehicle is reduced, the speed of the vehicle is accelerated, and the operation is accelerated, the face-tooth ratchet mechanism 12 is a two-way reverse thrust overrunning clutch. Due to the action of the thrust reverser, the ratchet teeth are first separated as the speed increases; at the same time, under the action of the increasing centrifugal force, the throwing block on the centrifugal rack overcomes the force of the C-shaped hoop spring 155 and expands, making the double cone The round cake 197 is in a combined state with the double-cone cavity, the second-speed driving gear 21 assembled in the double-cone cavity drives the second-speed driven gear 27, and the second-speed driving gear 21 obtains power to accelerate the second-speed driven gear 27. The accelerated rotation of the driving shaft 4 makes the pinion 8 drive the differential gear 271 to drive the vehicle to accelerate forward, so as to realize the second-speed high-speed driving; the second-speed driven gear 27 drives the driven shaft 4 to rotate at a high speed, forcing the driven shaft and the first gear The driven gear is automatically overrun and separated through the face-tooth ratchet mechanism 12 .

When the driving resistance increases or the operation decelerates, the throwing block on the centrifuge frame shrinks due to the force of the C-shaped hoop spring overcoming the ever-decreasing centrifugal force, so that the double-cone surface round cake 197 is separated from the double-cone surface cavity. , it will automatically change from the second gear to the first gear transmission, and thus repeat the cycle to realize the second gear automatic transmission of the automatic transmission of the present invention. The second gear shown in FIG. 1 is in a disengaged state, indicating that the automatic transmission is in a low-speed running state or a stopped state.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative rather than restrictive, such as the two-way thrust reverse overrunning clutch described in the present invention 12 and the double-cone friction clutch 5 can also be applied to some of the embodiments in the Chinese utility model patent applications previously applied for by the applicant (application numbers are: 201520367985.1, 201320068179.5, 201620017202.1 and 201620647518.9), such as the second gear hub For the embodiments of the motor, those skilled in the art can make many modifications under the inspiration of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These all belong to the protection list of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. An automatic gear transmission comprises a gear transmission system and a gear shifting mechanism execution system; the gear transmission system is double-shaft two-gear transmission or epicyclic gear train gear transmission, and the gear shifting mechanism execution system comprises an automatic clutch and an end face gear mechanism or an automatic clutch and a reverse action gear shifting mechanism;

the method is characterized in that: the end face gear ratchet mechanism is also provided with a positive action device, and the automatic clutch is a double-conical-face friction clutch;

the double-conical-surface friction clutch comprises a double-conical-surface cavity, a centrifugal frame, throwing blocks and hoop springs, wherein the throwing blocks are arranged in a circumferential mode and assembled on the centrifugal frame through the hoop springs;

the end face gear ratchet mechanism is a one-way reverse-thrust overrunning clutch or a two-way reverse-thrust overrunning clutch,

one end face of the driven ratchet wheel of the unidirectional reverse-push overrunning clutch is provided with driven ratchet teeth and is assembled with a centrifugal reverse-push device, the other end face of the driven ratchet wheel is assembled with a compressed spring and a forward action device, the forward action device is that the driven ratchet wheel is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring through a cylinder or the driven ratchet wheel is assembled with a double-ring steel leaf spring or a petal fork-shaped steel leaf spring through a positioning pawl, one end face of the driven gear is provided with driving ratchet teeth, and the driving ratchet teeth are matched with the driven ratchet teeth;

the double-ring steel leaf spring is an assembly type double-ring steel leaf spring with a barb inner snap spring or a self-locking assembly type double-ring steel leaf spring,

the double-ring steel sheet spring comprises an energy storage steel sheet, a positioning inner ring and a positioning outer ring, and the positioning outer ring is arranged between the arc-shaped groove end surface step and the barb inner snap spring; when the positioning inner ring and the positioning outer ring are on the same plane, the end face of the forward rotation driven ratchet and the end face of the forward rotation driving ratchet are on the same plane, and the energy storage steel sheet is in a squeezed state;

the positioning claw of the self-locking assembly type double-ring steel leaf spring is provided with an arc-shaped groove, the double-ring steel leaf spring comprises an energy storage steel sheet, a positioning inner ring, a positioning outer ring and a locking plate, a positioning edge and a flange are arranged on the circumference of the positioning outer ring, the positioning claw is arranged between the flange and the locking plate, and the positioning edge is arranged in the arc-shaped groove; when the positioning inner ring and the positioning outer ring are on the same plane, the end face of the forward rotation driven ratchet and the end face of the forward rotation driving ratchet are on the same plane, and the energy storage steel sheet is in a squeezed state;

the petal fork-shaped steel sheet spring comprises a positioning inner ring, an energy storage steel sheet and a fork-shaped steel sheet, the energy storage steel sheet and the fork-shaped steel sheet are arranged on the outer circle of the positioning inner ring in a circumferential manner, and the fork-shaped steel sheet is forked in an arc-shaped groove of the positioning claw; when the positioning inner ring and the forked steel sheet are on the same plane, the end face of the forward rotation driven ratchet and the end face of the forward rotation driving ratchet are also on the same plane, and the energy storage steel sheet is in a squeezed state.

2. The automatic transmission of claim 1, wherein: the double-conical-surface friction clutch comprises a disc seat, an internal spline sleeve seat, a conical surface body and a large cylinder, wherein the large cylinder is provided with an internal round step and an internal clamp spring groove; or a circular ring pad is assembled between the conical ring and the large inner snap spring;

the centrifugal frame comprises a cylinder seat, a baffle, a sliding cavity, a V-shaped cavity and a bottom plate, wherein the cylinder seat is provided with an outer clamp spring groove, a throwing block is provided with a cuboid slider, the slider is matched with the sliding cavity, a plurality of throwing blocks are arranged in a circumferential mode and assembled on the centrifugal frame through C-shaped hoop springs to form a double-conical-surface round cake capable of expanding or contracting, the two-way outer conical surface of the double-conical-surface round cake is matched with the two-way inner conical surface of the double-conical-surface cavity, the outer circle of the double-conical-surface round cake forms a concave ring groove, the concave ring groove is provided with a convex block, the opening of each C-shaped hoop spring is arranged at the convex block, or the two C-shaped hoop springs are assembled in the concave ring groove in an overlapping mode in which the opening directions are opposite, the opening of each C-shaped.

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