CN107151235B - 噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 - Google Patents
噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107151235B CN107151235B CN201610124600.8A CN201610124600A CN107151235B CN 107151235 B CN107151235 B CN 107151235B CN 201610124600 A CN201610124600 A CN 201610124600A CN 107151235 B CN107151235 B CN 107151235B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sperm
- contraceptive
- compound
- alkyl
- tideglusib
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- -1 thiadiazolidinedionyl GSK3 Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000019100 sperm motility Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 102000001267 GSK3 Human genes 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 108060006662 GSK3 Proteins 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003433 contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000002254 contraceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940124558 contraceptive agent Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006216 vaginal suppository Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940120293 vaginal suppository Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001150 spermicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PMJIHLSCWIDGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tideglusib Chemical compound O=C1SN(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C(=O)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PMJIHLSCWIDGMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229950005284 tideglusib Drugs 0.000 description 41
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229920004918 nonoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-[3-(4-ethyl-5-ethylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CCN1C(SCC)=NN=C1C1CN(CC(=O)NC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)CCC1 NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 102000019058 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108010051975 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta Proteins 0.000 description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 108010087230 Sincalide Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000010609 cell counting kit-8 assay Methods 0.000 description 8
- IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N sincalide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)C1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 IZTQOLKUZKXIRV-YRVFCXMDSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 201000002212 progressive supranuclear palsy Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012531 culture fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 201000010063 epididymitis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150113453 Gsk3a gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- PZWGPRQVKJVQSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazolidine-4,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NNSC1=O PZWGPRQVKJVQSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005915 C6-C14 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000002254 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010014905 Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102100021280 Regulator of G-protein signaling 22 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710148116 Regulator of G-protein signaling 22 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000019802 Sexually transmitted disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000918 epididymis Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940087419 nonoxynol-9 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940127234 oral contraceptive Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003539 oral contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000003419 rna directed dna polymerase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000934 spermatocidal agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tergitol NP-9 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007879 vasectomy Methods 0.000 description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000024806 Brain atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000043859 Dynamin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108700021058 Dynamin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940122313 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000148 Polycarbophil calcium Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008944 RGS Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010074020 RGS Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031271 Unwanted pregnancy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004365 benzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- WHBIGIKBNXZKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N delavirdine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=CC=CN=C1N1CCN(C(=O)C=2NC3=CC=C(NS(C)(=O)=O)C=C3C=2)CC1 WHBIGIKBNXZKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000028023 exocytosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002850 integrase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124524 integrase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N isosorbide mononitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960000448 lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nevirapine Chemical compound C12=NC=CC=C2C(=O)NC=2C(C)=CC=NC=2N1C1CC1 NQDJXKOVJZTUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002357 osmotic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009521 phase II clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001992 poloxamer 407 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940044476 poloxamer 407 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229950005134 polycarbophil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001540 sodium lactate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011088 sodium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940005581 sodium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium pyruvate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)C([O-])=O DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000021595 spermatogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXOAEAUPQDYUQM-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-chlorphenesin Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MXOAEAUPQDYUQM-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKFCOMVGLPKVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione Chemical class O=C1NSC(=O)N1 YKFCOMVGLPKVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-behenoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC CMCBDXRRFKYBDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWFOVSGRNGAGDL-FSDSQADBSA-N 2-amino-9-[(1r,2r,3s)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]-3h-purin-6-one Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N=CN1[C@@H]1C[C@H](CO)[C@H]1CO GWFOVSGRNGAGDL-FSDSQADBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-n-(methoxymethyl)acetamide;2,6-dinitro-n,n-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC)C(=O)CCl.CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical class CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)C(O)=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC LEACJMVNYZDSKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPVLEBIVXZSOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[6-(3-aminophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxy]phenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C=2NC3=NC=NC(OC=4C=C(O)C=CC=4)=C3C=2)=C1 VPVLEBIVXZSOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILAYIAGXTHKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-benzonitrile Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1NC1=CC=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=N1 ILAYIAGXTHKHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBEIABZPRBJOFU-CAHLUQPWSA-N 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2r,5s)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=NC(=O)N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)CC1 QBEIABZPRBJOFU-CAHLUQPWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(tert-butyl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)S2 AMEMLELAMQEAIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010001526 Air embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UXCAQJAQSWSNPQ-XLPZGREQSA-N Alovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](F)C1 UXCAQJAQSWSNPQ-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIJSNGRQAOIGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butopyronoxyl Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 OKIJSNGRQAOIGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAGYKUNXZHXKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CPD000469186 Natural products CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1C(=O)NC(C(O)CN1C(CC2CCCCC2C1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)CSC1=CC=CC=C1 QAGYKUNXZHXKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CT 99021 Chemical compound CC1=CNC(C=2C(=NC(NCCNC=3N=CC(=CC=3)C#N)=NC=2)C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)=N1 AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N Didanosine Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)CC[C@@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 BXZVVICBKDXVGW-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XPOQHMRABVBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Efavirenz Natural products O1C(=O)NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C1(C(F)(F)F)C#CC1CC1 XPOQHMRABVBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQSPYNMVSIKCOC-NTSWFWBYSA-N Emtricitabine Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(N)=NC(=O)N1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)SC1 XQSPYNMVSIKCOC-NTSWFWBYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000017701 Endocrine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091006027 G proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091007911 GSKs Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000030782 GTP binding Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000058 GTP-Binding Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001483 Glycogen Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004103 Glycogen Synthase Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical class CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008545 L-lysines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000007811 Latex Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000019255 Menstrual disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methylbenzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002511 Poloxamer 237 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002517 Poloxamer 338 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037420 Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710140404 Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ritonavir Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(NC(=O)OCC=1SC=NC=1)C(O)CC(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)N(C)CC1=CSC(C(C)C)=N1 NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XNKLLVCARDGLGL-JGVFFNPUSA-N Stavudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@H]1C=C[C@@H](CO)O1 XNKLLVCARDGLGL-JGVFFNPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylsqualene Natural products CC(=C)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)CCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC(C)C(=C)CCC(C)C(C)=C BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUJUHGSWHZTSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tipranavir Natural products C1C(O)=C(C(CC)C=2C=C(NS(=O)(=O)C=3N=CC(=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)C=CC=2)C(=O)OC1(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUJUHGSWHZTSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035432 Unintended pregnancy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Natural products O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N Zalcitabine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)CC1 WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004748 abacavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCGSCOLBFJQGHM-SCZZXKLOSA-N abacavir Chemical compound C=12N=CN([C@H]3C=C[C@@H](CO)C3)C2=NC(N)=NC=1NC1CC1 MCGSCOLBFJQGHM-SCZZXKLOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030120 acrosome reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001997 adefovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WOZSCQDILHKSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N adefovir depivoxil Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(CCOCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C=NC2=C1N WOZSCQDILHKSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005024 alkenyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950004424 alovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N alpha-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001370 alpha-amino acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001830 amprenavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMARZQAQMVYCKC-OEMFJLHTSA-N amprenavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](O)CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1COCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YMARZQAQMVYCKC-OEMFJLHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940089206 anhydrous dextrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000469 anti-sperm effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124522 antiretrovirals Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003903 antiretrovirus agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arachidyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BTFJIXJJCSYFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003828 azulenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001631 carbomer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001516 cell proliferation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003993 chlorphenesin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001468 citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001893 coumarin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229950006497 dapivirine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005107 darunavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJBJHOAVZSMMDJ-HEXNFIEUSA-N darunavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](O)CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CCO[C@@H]2OC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CJBJHOAVZSMMDJ-HEXNFIEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005319 delavirdine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001142 dicarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002656 didanosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940113120 dipropylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000878 docusate sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecahydrosqualene Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C PRAKJMSDJKAYCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003804 efavirenz Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XPOQHMRABVBWPR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N efavirenz Chemical compound C([C@]1(C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)O1)C(F)(F)F)#CC1CC1 XPOQHMRABVBWPR-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000366 emtricitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007368 endocrine function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000980 entecavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YXPVEXCTPGULBZ-WQYNNSOESA-N entecavir hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=NC=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)C1=C YXPVEXCTPGULBZ-WQYNNSOESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008556 epithelial cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002171 ethylene diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002049 etravirine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PYGWGZALEOIKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N etravirine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C#N)=CC(C)=C1OC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=NC(N)=C1Br PYGWGZALEOIKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013265 extended release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012757 fluorescence staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003142 fosamprenavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLBVMOWEQCZNCC-OEMFJLHTSA-N fosamprenavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)CN(CC(C)C)S(=O)(=O)C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)NC(=O)O[C@@H]1COCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLBVMOWEQCZNCC-OEMFJLHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012595 freezing medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940049654 glyceryl behenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940033357 isopropyl laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074928 isopropyl myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075495 isopropyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940089456 isopropyl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001447 lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001627 lamivudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N lamivudine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)SC1 JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002350 laparotomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002332 leydig cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950005339 lobucavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010025482 malaise Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000021121 meiosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002285 methylbenzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N nebularine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC=C2N=C1 MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018364 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QAGYKUNXZHXKMR-HKWSIXNMSA-N nelfinavir Chemical compound CC1=C(O)C=CC=C1C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)CN1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCCC[C@@H]2C1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)CSC1=CC=CC=C1 QAGYKUNXZHXKMR-HKWSIXNMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000884 nelfinavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000008383 nephritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000689 nevirapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940042402 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002726 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000000869 occipital lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- RXBWRFDZXRAEJT-SZNOJMITSA-N palinavir Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1N=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C(C)C)[C@H](O)CN1[C@@H](C[C@@H](CC1)OCC=1C=CN=CC=1)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RXBWRFDZXRAEJT-SZNOJMITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006460 palinavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001936 parietal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001152 parietal lobe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009522 phase III clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWCCVIRGUMYIHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;azide Chemical compound P.[N-]=[N+]=[N-] BWCCVIRGUMYIHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001993 poloxamer 188 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940044519 poloxamer 188 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001124 posttranscriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940086065 potassium hydrogentartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029983 protein stabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002212 purine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZFFBEXEKNGXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N raltegravir Chemical compound O1C(C)=NN=C1C(=O)NC(C)(C)C1=NC(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(O)C(=O)N1C CZFFBEXEKNGXKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004742 raltegravir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002814 rilpivirine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YIBOMRUWOWDFLG-ONEGZZNKSA-N rilpivirine Chemical compound CC1=CC(\C=C\C#N)=CC(C)=C1NC1=CC=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=N1 YIBOMRUWOWDFLG-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000311 ritonavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N ritonavir Chemical compound N([C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1SC=NC=1)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N(C)CC1=CSC(C(C)C)=N1 NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001852 saquinavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QWAXKHKRTORLEM-UGJKXSETSA-N saquinavir Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](O)CN1C[C@H]2CCCC[C@H]2C[C@H]1C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C=1N=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QWAXKHKRTORLEM-UGJKXSETSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009612 semen analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005582 sexual transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M sodium deoxycholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940031439 squalene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N squalene Natural products CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC=C(/C)CCC=C(/C)CC=C(C)C)C)C)C TUHBEKDERLKLEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001203 stavudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000838 tipranavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SUJUHGSWHZTSEU-FYBSXPHGSA-N tipranavir Chemical compound C([C@@]1(CCC)OC(=O)C([C@H](CC)C=2C=C(NS(=O)(=O)C=3N=CC(=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)C=CC=2)=C(O)C1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SUJUHGSWHZTSEU-FYBSXPHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008181 tonicity modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042129 topical gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002723 toxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045136 urea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940044950 vaginal gel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000029 vaginal gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
- C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
- C07D285/08—1,2,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-thiadiazoles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及噻二唑烷二酮基GSK3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制精子运动能力的药剂、用于杀精的药剂、避孕药或避孕器具中的用途,式I中X、Y、Ra和Rb如文中所定义。本发明还涉及含有式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的避孕器具或外用避孕药剂。采用本发明的避孕药剂或器具,可获得较传统使用的N‑9更好的杀精避孕效果和更小的上皮细胞毒性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及噻二唑烷二酮基GSK3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途。
背景技术
近年来,随着社会的快速发展,经济、文化都得到了较高的提升,人们的性观念也出现了很大的转变。同时,婚前性行为发生率不断上升,非意愿妊娠的发生率也因此增加,这成为很多女性的烦恼。如何安全避孕已经是全球性的问题。中止妊娠对女性的心理、生理健康造成了极大的伤害;在一定程度上严重影响了女性的正常生活,这也成为医学界急需解决的问题之一。全世界每年有2.2亿对夫妇不能获得有效的避孕措施,导致8000万例意外妊娠和4500万例人工流产,其中因不安全流产导致的疾病和死亡分别有500万例和7万例。
在女性方面,现在已有一些节育器、避孕套等作为避孕工具,使用简便、用法得当、效果良好、无毒副作用、价格便宜,受到了很多人的青睐。但对于一些橡胶过敏者人群却不能使用。口服避孕药容易引起女性月经失调、白带增多、内分泌失调等副作用,并且对于一些患有肝炎、肾炎、糖尿病、高血压、心脏病等疾病的女性,不宜使用;另外,在一般情况下,口服避孕药不宜与其他药物共同服用,造成了口服避孕药的狭隘性。
对男性来讲,在过去的几十年中,使用避孕套和结扎仍然是男性有限的可选择的避孕方式。避孕套使用历史悠久,还可以防止性传播疾病。但是,12%的夫妇在使用避孕套的第一年内会发生非意愿的妊娠,表明避孕套避孕失败率较高。输精管结扎术避孕虽失败率小于1%,但是,术后需要几个月时间才能达到完全避孕。输精管吻合术后,怀孕率比较低,而且易产生抗精子抗体,导致不育。因此,输精管结扎术也不是理想的避孕方式。可见,不论是对女性还是男性,开发非侵入性的,可逆的,舒适度高的,安全的避孕药物(具)是社会所急切需要的。
非激素类外用避孕药物一般不影响女性的内分泌功能,并且价格实惠,使用方法简便,从而受到了许多女性的喜爱,已得到了广泛的应用。目前国内外最常用的外用阴道杀精剂是壬苯醇醚(nonoxynol-9,N-9),它是一种非离子型表面活性剂,能非特异性的破坏精子细胞膜而起杀精作用。但壬苯醇醚(nonoxynol-9,N-9)的缺点在于在其有效的杀精浓度范围内,具有较大的上皮细胞毒性,能破坏阴道粘膜的完整性,且造成炎症,进而促进了性传播疾病的传播。国外III期临床试验提示,N-9可能会促进艾滋病病毒的性传播。因此WHO在2002年发布报告,禁止N-9在性传播疾病高危人群中使用。当前,国际上都还没有出现能替代壬苯醇醚(nonoxynol-9,N-9)的更安全有效的药物。
GSK3包括α、β两种异构体,在不同物种中也有氨基酸序列的差异。GSK-3β与精子相关的报道仅见于与大鼠精子的减数分裂过程有关,该文献也证明不同物种的GSK-3β具有不同的相互作用蛋白和底物特异性〔Guo TB,Chan KC,Hakovirta H,Xiao Y,Toppari J,Mitchell AP,Salameh WA:Evidence for a role of glycogen synthase kinase-3betain rodent spermatogenesis.J Androl 2003,24(3):332-342〕。其它关于GSK3α、β的知识主要来自于小鼠和牛等物种的报道。小鼠精子GSK3α、β一部分来自睾丸,一部分来自附睾。小鼠附睾精子的GSK3绝大部分是GSK3α,而且在精子通过附睾头部、体部和尾部的过程中显著增加,而GSK3β的量几乎没有变化〔Reid AT,Anderson AL,Roman SD,McLaughlin EA,McCluskey A,Robinson PJ,Aitken RJ,Nixon B:Glycogen synthase kinase 3regulatesacrosomal exocytosis in mouse spermatozoa via dynamin phosphorylation.FASEB J2015,29(7):2872-2882〕。抑制GSK3可以减少孕酮诱导的顶体反应,但是高度选择性的GSK3抑制剂,如CHIR99021(IC50:6.7nM GSK3β;10nM GSK3α);A1070722(Ki:0.6nM,对两种异构体);TWS-119(IC50:30nM,GSK3β)并没有影响小鼠成熟精子的运动和存活〔Reid AT,Anderson AL,Roman SD,McLaughlin EA,McCluskey A,Robinson PJ,Aitken RJ,Nixon B:Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates acrosomal exocytosis in mousespermatozoa via dynamin phosphorylation.FASEB J 2015,29(7):2872-2882〕。
在小鼠精子中,Wnt/GSK3信号参与了精子在附睾中的成熟。Wnt对GSK3激酶活性的抑制,促进了精子蛋白的稳定(Wnt/STOP),因而促进了精子运动〔De Robertis EM,PloperD:Sperm Motility Requires Wnt/GSK3 Stabilization of Proteins.Dev Cell 2015,35(4):401-402;Koch S,Acebron SP,Herbst J,Hatiboglu G,Niehrs C:Post-transcriptional Wnt Signaling Governs Epididymal Sperm Maturation.Cell 2015,163(5):1225-1236〕。因此,理论上推测GSK3的抑制剂应该促进精子运动能力增加,而不是降低或者制动或杀灭精子运动能力。
因此,本领域仍然需要与N-9避孕效果相当或更佳、而副作用更低的避孕新药。
发明内容
本公开旨在提供一类新的化合物,作为避孕药使用。该类化合物较传统使用的N-9具有更好的杀精避孕效果和更小的上皮细胞毒性,从而利于制备女性可自主使用的外用杀精避孕药物/具或者卫生用品。
具体而言,本公开提供下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抑制精子运动能力用的药剂、用于杀精的药剂、避孕药或避孕器具中的用途:
式中,
X和Y各自独立选自O和S;和
Ra选自:烷基、芳基、芳烷基和-亚烷基-CO2-烷基,其中,所述烷基、芳基和芳烷基任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代;和
Rb选自:烷基、环烷基、芳基和芳烷基,其中,所述烷基、环烷基、芳基和芳烷基任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,所述X和Y都是O。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,所述X是O,Y是S。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,Ra为任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代的芳烷基,Rb为任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代的芳基。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,Ra为任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代的苄基;Rb为任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代的萘基。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,所述式I化合物具有下式III所示的结构:
式中,
R1和R2各自独立选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素;和
n和m各自独立为0、1、2和3。
在一个或多个实施方案中,n和m都为0。
本公开还提供一种避孕器具,该避孕器具含有本文式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,所述避孕器具为避孕套、膜、环、植入物或棉塞。
本公开还提供一种外用避孕药剂,其含有本文式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,所述外用避孕药剂为外用凝胶、片剂、胶囊、阴道栓剂、乳膏、糊剂、胶冻剂、泡沫、喷雾剂、洗剂或润滑剂。
附图说明
图1:低于20秒瞬间杀精效果(EC100)所需浓度的Tideglusib和N-9,分别与人精子共育不同时间后,CASA系统测定运动精子比例(A+B+C%)及前向运动(A+B%)精子比例。图A和B分别为Tideglusib的运动精子比例和前向运动精子比例;图C和D分别为N-9的运动精子比例和前向运动精子比例。图中,“CN”指空白对照。
图2:SYBR-14/PI染色处理后的人精子,荧光显微镜观察精子膜完整性。
图3:化合物N9(图A)与Tideglusib(图B)对HeLa细胞增殖抑制率的比较。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及使用GSK3抑制剂,尤其是GSK3β抑制剂来抑制精子运动。适用于本公开的GSK3抑制剂优选是噻二唑烷二酮衍生物,尤其是[1,2,4]噻二唑烷-3,5-二酮衍生物。
更具体而言,本公开涉及使用下式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐来抑制精子运动能力,实现杀精避孕效果:
式中,
X和Y各自独立选自O和S;和
Ra选自:烷基、芳基、芳烷基和-亚烷基-CO2-烷基,其中,所述烷基、芳基和芳烷基任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代;和
Rb选自:烷基、环烷基、芳基和芳烷基,其中,所述烷基、芳基和芳烷基任选地被1-3个选自烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基和卤素的取代基取代。
本文中,“烷基”包括直链或支链烷基,通常为C1-6烷基,优选为C1-4烷基或C1-3烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基等。
本文中,“亚烷基”指烷基进一步失去一个H原子后形成的二价基团,示例性的亚烷基包括但不限于亚甲基(-CH2-)、亚乙基(-CH2CH2-)等。亚烷基的碳原子数通常也在1-6个的范围内,优选为1-3个。
本文中,“烷氧基”指化学式为-O-烷基的基团,其中烷基如前文所述。示例性的烷氧基包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基等。
本文中,“环烷基”指饱和的碳环,其环碳原子数通常为3-8个。示例性的环烷基包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
本文中,“芳基”含有6到14个碳原子的单环、双环或三环芳族基团。有用的芳基包括C6-14芳基,优选的是C6-10芳基。典型的C6-14芳基包括苯基、萘基、菲基、蒽基、茚基、薁基、联苯基、亚联苯基和茀基。本文中,优选的芳基为苯基和萘基。
本文中,“芳烷基”指被任一上述C6-14芳基取代的C1-6烷基、C1-4烷基或C1-3烷基。示例性的芳烷基包括但不限于苄基、苯乙基或萘甲基等。
本文中,“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴或碘。
本文中,“卤代烷基”指被1-5个卤素取代的烷基,例如三氟甲基等。
本文中,当被取代时,除非另有说明,否则取代基的数量通常为1、2、3或4个,取代基通常可选自本文所述的烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤素、硝基、氨基、芳基、酰基(例如C1-4酰基)和羧基等。
式I的化合物是GSK3β抑制剂,已知可用于治疗涉及GSK3的疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病和非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病,可参见CN 101045715A,本文将其全部内容以引用的方式纳入本文。
更具体而言,式I化合物中,X优选为O,Y优选为O或S。更优选的,X和Y都为O。
Ra优选为任选取代的烷基、芳烷基或芳基。更优选的,Ra为任选取代的芳烷基。进一步优选的,Ra为任选取代的苄基。
Rb优选为任选取代的烷基或芳基。更优选的,Rb优选为任选取代的芳基。进一步优选的,Rb优选为任选取代的苯基或萘基。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,X优选为O;Y优选为O或S;Ra优选为任选取代的烷基、芳烷基或芳基;Rb优选为任选取代的烷基或芳基。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,X和Y都为O;Ra为任选取代的芳烷基;Rb优选为任选取代的芳基。
在一个或多个具体实施方案中,X和Y都为O;Ra为任选取代的苄基;Rb优选为任选取代的苯基或萘基。
在本公开的上述一个或多个具体实施方案中,当被取代时,烷基、芳基或芳烷基上的取代基数量优选为1个。
尤其是,本文包括CN 101045715A的表1中所列出的各化合物和表3中IC50值在100μM以内的各化合物。具体而言,这些化合物包括但不限于:
表1
R<sup>a</sup> | R<sup>b</sup> | X | Y |
CH<sub>2</sub>Ph | Me | O | O |
Et | Me | O | O |
Et | nPr | O | O |
Et | 环己烷 | O | O |
Ph | Me | O | O |
CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>Et | Me | O | O |
4-OMePh | Me | O | O |
CH<sub>2</sub>Ph | Et | O | O |
Et | iPr | O | O |
CH<sub>2</sub>Ph | Et | O | S |
CH<sub>2</sub>Ph | CH<sub>2</sub>Ph | O | S |
Ph | Ph | O | S |
Et | Et | O | S |
4-MePh | Me | O | O |
4-BrPh | Me | O | O |
4-FPh | Me | O | O |
4-ClPh | Me | O | O |
其它优选的式I化合物还可参见Emma M.Turner等〔Small Molecule Inhibitarsof Regulatars of G Protein Signaling(RGS)Prateins,ACS Med.Chem.Lett.,2012,3,146-150,本文将其全部内容以引用的方式纳入本文〕,尤其是其表1中所公开的化合物1a-1i、2a-2i、3-8、9a-9b、10a-10d、11a-11d、12a-12d和13-15。这些化合物也包括在本申请化合物的范围之内。
具体而言,这些化合物包括下式II的化合物,其中Ra和Rb如下表2所示:
表2
表2中,Bn为苄基。
在一个或多个优选的实施方案中,式I的化合物具有下式III所示的结构:
式中,
R1和R2各自独立选自烷基、烷氧基和卤素;和
n和m各自独立为0、1、2和3。
在优选的实施例中,m和n都为0,此时,式I化合物如下式所示,为Tideglusib(CAS:865854-05-3):
本文中,药学上可接受的盐的例子包括但不限于无机酸盐和有机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、扁桃酸盐和草酸盐;以及与碱例如钠羟基、三(羟基甲基)胺基甲烷(TRIS,胺丁三醇)和N-甲基葡糖胺形成的无机和有机碱盐。
可如CN 105263472 A(本文将其全部内容以引用的方式纳入本文)所述,将本文式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐配制成本领域周知的适用于杀精避孕的各种局部药物组合物,包括但不限于适于阴道施用的剂型,优选是外用剂型,例如凝胶、片剂、胶囊、阴道栓剂、乳膏、糊剂、胶冻剂、泡沫、喷雾剂、洗剂等。
或者,可将所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或将所述局部药物组合物涂抹到避孕器具上,如避孕套、膜、环、植入物或棉塞等。例如,在避孕套的外部或内部包涂有本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或其局部药物组合物,如凝胶、乳膏、糊剂、泡沫、胶冻等剂型的局部药物组合物。
局部药物组合物中,本发明式I化合物的含量通常在0.1wt%~10wt%的范围之内,例如在0.1wt%到5.0wt%、0.1wt%~3.0wt%、0.1~1.0wt%等的范围之内。
局部药物组合物中还可含有本领域周知的避孕药中常用的其它试剂/药物,例如抗逆转录病毒剂,如蛋白酶抑制剂、核苷逆转录酶抑制剂、非核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂和整合酶抑制剂。这些试剂/药物可以本领域周知的用量添加到本发明的局部药物组合物中。
例如,可用于本发明的局部药物组合物的合适的蛋白酶抑制剂可以包括沙奎那韦;利托那韦;奈非那韦;安普那韦;洛匹那韦;茚地那韦;阿扎那韦;拉西那韦;帕利那韦;替拉那韦;呋山那韦;达芦那韦;N-环烷基甘氨酸,α-羟基芳基丁酰胺;α-羟基-γ-[(碳环或杂环取代的)氨基)羰基]链烷酰胺衍生物;γ-羟基-2-(氟烷基氨基羰基)-1-哌嗪戊酰胺;二氢吡喃酮衍生物以及α-和β-氨基酸羟乙基氨基磺酰胺;以及N-氨基酸取代的L-赖氨酸衍生物。
可用于本发明的药物组合物的合适的核苷逆转录酶抑制剂可以包括齐多夫定;去羟肌苷;司他夫定;拉米夫定;阿巴卡韦;阿德福韦;洛布卡韦;恩替卡韦;阿立他滨;恩曲他滨;扎西他滨;右艾夫他滨;阿洛夫定;氨多索韦;艾夫他滨;叠氮膦;β-L-2',3'-二脱氧-5-氟胞苷;嘌呤核苷;以及洛德腺苷。
可用于本发明的药物组合物的合适的非核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂可以包括奈韦拉平、利匹韦林、地拉韦啶、依法韦仑、依曲韦林、呋喃并吡啶-硫代嘧啶;卡普韦林;5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-硫代-4-异丙基-1-(4-吡啶基)甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基甲基碳酸酯;1-(乙氧基甲基)-5-(1-甲基乙基)-6-(苯基甲基)-(2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮;香豆素衍生物;达匹韦林。
可用于本发明的药物组合物的合适的整合酶抑制剂可以包括雷特格韦、埃替格韦。
本文的局部药物组合物可以是控制释放制剂、延迟释放制剂、延长释放制剂、脉冲释放制剂以及速释和控制释放混合型制剂等的形式。配制所述局部药物组合物,以使其以在施用部位产生有效浓度的速率释放活性成分。
应理解的是,所述局部药物组合物的pH可以根据需要由本领域技术人员改变,优选具有3.0~5.5的pH,更优选介于3.5与5.0之间。
局部药物组合物优选具有润滑性,以便于性交过程,以确保使用者的顺应性。
本文的局部药物组合物还可以包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。可用于所述局部药物组合物的合适的赋形剂包括但不限于胶凝剂、螯合剂、防腐剂、生物粘合剂或聚合物、粘度改进剂或调节剂、润湿剂/润滑剂、表面活性剂、pH调节剂、溶剂/共溶剂以及张力调节剂或渗透剂。上述各类赋形剂可如CN105263472A所述,本文将其全部内容以引用的方式纳入本文。
例如,可用于本文所述局部药物组合物的胶凝剂包括但不限于:黄原胶,藻酸钠,ETD2020,聚卡波非,多糖,天然树胶,阿拉伯胶,黄蓍胶,淀粉,纤维素衍生物例如羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素和羟乙基甲基纤维素,甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,膨润土,藻酸,卡波姆,明胶,瓜尔胶,山俞芘酸甘油酯,藻提取物,树胶,聚环氧乙烷,泊洛沙姆,果胶,水解蛋白质,包含侧挂羧酸基团的聚合物或其酯,包含侧挂的二羧酸基团的酸酐的聚合物和基于环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物等或其混合物。胶凝剂可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.05%~10%。
可用于局部药物组合物的螯合剂包括但不限于乙二胺四乙酸二钠、缩合磷酸钠、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸等或其组合。螯合剂可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.01%~1%。
可用于所述局部药物组合物的防腐剂包括但不限于:羟基苯甲酸酯(如对羟基苯甲酸酯,例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯)、苄醇、苯甲酸、氯苯甘醚、山梨酸、苯氧基乙醇等或其组合。防腐剂可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.05%~2%。
可用于所述局部药物组合物的生物粘合剂或聚合物包括但不限于羟乙基纤维素、明胶、卡波普、聚卡波非、交联聚甲基丙烯酸、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚乙二醇、多糖透明质酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、淀粉等或其组合。生物粘合剂或聚合物可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.05%~2%。
润湿剂和/或润滑剂提供光滑性和润滑性,从而促进所述局部药物组合物的填充和分配。可用于所述局部药物组合物的润湿剂和/或润滑剂包括但不限于多元醇例如二醇,以及多糖,例如甘油、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、双甘油、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、海藻糖、棉子糖、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、聚甘油、胆固醇、角鲨烯、脂肪酸、辛基十二烷醇、肉豆蔻醇、尿素、羊毛脂、乳酸、酯例如硬脂酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯和月桂酸异丙酯等或其组合。润湿剂和/或润滑剂可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约2%~20%。
粘度改进剂或调节剂改善凝胶的形成。可用于所述局部药物组合物的合适的粘度改进剂或调节剂包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚α-烯烃、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚异丁烯、马来酸酐和其二烯烃衍生物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯的氢化共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯聚合物、氢化异戊二烯聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚烷基苯乙烯、烯基芳基共轭二烯共聚物、马来酸酐-苯乙烯共聚物的酯、用马来酸酐和胺的反应产物官能化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物、用胺官能化的聚甲基丙烯酸酯、与胺反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物、乙烯基芳族单体和不饱和羧酸或其衍生物的酯化聚合物或其组合。粘度改进剂或调节剂的存在量可以是组合物总重的约0.05%~2%。
用以匹配生理流体的渗透性的合适的张力调节剂或渗透剂包括但不限于甘油、氯化钠、氯化钾、甘露糖醇、蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、无水葡萄糖、丙二醇、甘油等或其组合。张力调节剂或渗透剂的存在量可以是组合物总重的约0.001%~1%。
表面活性剂可以包括但不限于以下物质中的一种或多种:椰子油酰二乙醇胺、聚山梨酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、月桂基二甲基氧化胺、多库酯钠、鲸蜡基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙氧基化醇、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇、辛苯昔醇、N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺-N-氧化物、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚氧乙烯10月桂基醚、Brij、胆盐(脱氧胆酸钠、胆酸钠)、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、壬基酚乙氧基化物、环糊精、卵磷脂、甲苄索氯铵、羧酸盐、磺酸盐、石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烯烃磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸化天然油和脂肪、硫酸化酯、硫酸化烷醇酰胺、乙氧基化和硫酸化的烷基酚、乙氧基化的脂族醇、聚氧乙烯表面活性剂、羧酸酯、聚乙二醇酯、脱水山梨醇酯和其乙氧基化衍生物、脂肪酸的乙二醇酯、羧酰胺、单烷醇胺缩合物、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺、季铵盐、具有酰胺键的胺、聚氧乙烯烷基胺和聚氧乙烯烷基脂环族胺、N,N,N,N-四取代的乙二胺、2-烷基-1-羟乙基-2-咪唑啉、N-椰油基-3-氨基丙酸/钠盐、N-牛脂基-3-亚氨基二丙酸二钠盐、N-羧甲基-n-二甲基-n-9-十八烯基氢氧化铵、n-椰油酰胺乙基-n-羟乙基甘氨酸钠盐等或其组合。表面活性剂可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.05%~20%。
可用于本文所述局部药物组合物的合适的pH调节剂或缓冲剂包括但不限于酸化剂(例如盐酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、丙酸)、氢氧化钠、磷酸钠、氨溶液、三乙醇胺、硼酸钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化钾等或其组合。pH调节剂或缓冲剂可占所述组合物总重量的约0.1%~2%。
可用于本文所述局部药物组合物的溶剂/共溶剂、增溶剂或媒介物包括但不限于水、甘油、椰子油酰二乙醇胺、中链和/或长链脂肪酸或甘油酯、单酸甘油酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、结构化甘油三酯、大豆油、花生油、玉米油、玉米油甘油单酯、玉米油甘油二酯、玉米油甘油三酯、聚乙二醇、辛基己酰基聚乙二醇甘油酯、Caproyl90、丙二醇、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、蓖麻油、棉籽油、橄榄油、红花油、薄荷油、椰子油、棕榈籽油、蜂蜡、油酸、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、甲基乙基酮或其混合物。溶剂/共溶剂、增溶剂或媒介物可占所述局部药物组合物总重量的约0.05%~20%。
凝胶组合物的另一例子可参见CN 101559036,本文将其全部内容以引用的方式纳入本文。例如,本发明的凝胶组合物可以是这样的一种凝胶组合物,其含有缓冲剂、生物粘附剂、水、相变温度调节剂和下述泊洛沙姆中的一种或多种:泊洛沙姆237、泊洛沙姆338和泊洛沙姆407;所述的泊洛沙姆的含量为15wt%~30wt%;所述的相变温度调节剂的含量为1.5wt%~6.75wt%;所述的泊洛沙姆与相变温度调节剂的质量比为20∶1~20∶9;所述的阴道用凝胶组合物的pH为3.0~5.5。本发明式I化合物在该凝胶组合物中的含量可以在0.1wt%到10.0wt%的范围之内,例如0.1wt%~3.0wt%、0.1wt%~1.0wt%等。
可采用本领域常规的方法制备本文的局部药物组合物和避孕器具。例如,可根据不同剂型选择不同赋形剂,然后依据各赋形剂的理化性质,一起或分别混合不同的赋形剂和式I化合物,由此可制备获得相应的剂型的局部药物组合物。可将本发明的药物组合物施加或涂抹到常规的避孕器具上,可获得本文所述的避孕器具。
应理解的是,本文所用术语“局部”包括施用到体腔以及皮肤。
本文还提供通过施用本文所述的局部药物组合物进行避孕的方法。
本文还提供式I所述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,包括用作避孕药的用途,用于抑制精子运动能力、杀精或避孕的用途,以及用于制备用于抑制精子运动能力的药剂、用于杀精的药剂、避孕药或避孕器具的用途。
应理解的是,本文的各种药剂、药物、化合物、器具、方法和用途等适用于需要抑制精子运动能力、杀精或避孕的各种动物,尤其是哺乳动物,如人。
下文将以具体实施例的方式阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅仅是阐述性的,并非限制本文的保护范围。实施例中所用到的方法、仪器和试剂,除非另有说明,否则为本领域常规的方法、仪器和试剂。
实施例
材料与试剂
精子培养液:25ml 10×BWW,875mg BSA,7.5mg丙酮酸钠,525mg碳酸氢钠,250mgD-葡萄糖,0.925ml乳酸钠,加三级超纯水稀释到250ml,充分混匀后,0.2μM的滤膜过滤,4℃保存。
DMEM不完全培养基:将袋装DMEM培养基粉末一袋倒入瓶中,加3.5g碳酸氢钠,加三级水至1000ml,充分震荡溶解后用0.2μm的滤膜滤过备用。
DMEM完全培养基:取DMEM不完全培养基450ml加入胎牛血清45ml和抗生素5ml混匀即可。
冻存液:胎牛血清+10%DMSO。
细胞增殖/毒性检测试剂盒CCK-8:中国上海碧云天生物技术有限公司。
SYBR-14/PI细胞毒性检测试剂盒:美国molecular probe公司。
CASA系统(computer-aided semen analysis system):Cyto-S,VideoTesT Co.,Saint-Petersburg,Russia。
奥林巴斯IX3倒置和奥林巴斯BX3正置显微镜系统:奥林巴斯公司。
Tideglusib:Selleck中国公司。
其它GSK3抑制剂根据CN 101045715A公开的方法制备。
实施例1、化合物Tideglusib调节人精子运动能力
本研究选用的精液标准为:精子总数60×106-100×106,精液浓度>20×106/ml,精子活动率>60%。
精子活力的检测在带有加热37℃载物台的显微镜下进行,并使用预热的细胞计数板制备样本。根据下述标准将精子活力分为a、b、c、d级:a,快速前向运动:精子主动地呈直线或沿一大圆周运动,速度极快;b,慢速或呆滞的前向运动:精子主动地呈直线或沿一大圆周运动,速度较慢;C,非前向运动:所有其它非前向运动的形式,如以小圆周泳动,尾部动力几乎不能驱使头部移动,或者只能观察到尾部摆动;d,不动:没有运动。参考World HealthOrganization(1999)WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semenand Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction,4th Ed.,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge。
1.1高活力精子的获取
采用精子上游法获得高活力精子。将500μl液化的精液标本加在1000μl精子培养液下方,在37℃体积分数5%CO2培养箱中孵育1h。取上层600μl培养液,可获高活力精子,用精子培养液调整精子浓度至5-10×106/ml。
1.2快速制动/杀精子化合物的筛选及其效果
将采集的精液采用1.1所示方法获取高活力精子,调整精子浓度至10-20×106/ml。室温条件下在96孔板上用精子培养液按倍比稀释的方法稀释化合物/药物,每孔为50μl。稀释完成后将96孔板放置在37℃体积分数5%CO2培养箱中孵育30min。另吸取50μl精液滴于此孔中,立即秒表计时,移液器匀速吹打5次,混匀。在显微镜下(×200)观察精子活动情况,测算出在20s内,此药物浓度下全部精子是否失去运动性。逐孔加入,最终测出20s使所有精子失活所需的药物最小浓度。每个受试化合物/药物浓度针对每份精液标本分别连续检测3次,最终结果取其平均值。
通过对5000多种化合物的筛选,和精子制动效果的分析,我们发现Tideglusib具有最小的精子制动有效浓度。Tideglusib的20秒瞬间杀精效果最小有效浓度(EC100,即20s能够100%制动精子的最低药物浓度)约为6.5±1.3μM(1.74μg/ml~2.61μg/ml),而作为参照的N-9的EC100约为259μM(160μg/ml)。实验结果表明Tideglusib具有比N-9更低的瞬间杀精最小有效浓度。
为考察低浓度的化合物对精子的制动效果,分别将低浓度的Tideglusib和N-9与人精子共育。将采集的精液采用1.1所示方法获取高活力精子,调整精子浓度至10-20×106/ml。室温条件下在96孔板上用精子培养液按倍比稀释的方法稀释化合物/药物,每孔为50μl。稀释完成后将96孔板放置在37℃体积分数5%CO2培养箱中孵育30min。另吸取50μl精液滴于此孔中,分别孵育30分钟、60分钟、120分钟、180分钟,CASA系统定量测定精子运动参数。
不同浓度的Tideglusib和N-9处理精子后的运动精子比例及前向运动精子比例测定结果分别见图1。Tideglusib对精子运动的抑制具有剂量依赖的关系,主要影响了前向运动精子的比例。SYBR-14/PI染色荧光显微镜观察发现,增加Tideglusib浓度,可导致精子死亡(PI染色阳性,SYBR-14阴性),膜通透,即Tideglusib具有显著的杀精作用。见图2。
实施例2、Tideglusib具有与N-9比较更低的上皮细胞增殖抑制/细胞毒性
2.1Hela细胞复苏
将液氮罐中冻存的装有细胞的冻存管迅速取出,放入接近40℃温水中迅速解冻,时间控制在1-2min以内最佳。将冻存管中所含的Hela细胞冻存液全部移入15ml离心管中,吹打均匀之后,放入离心机中以1000rpm转速,离心4min。离心完毕之后,弃掉上清液,再加入3ml完全培养基,反复轻轻吹打混匀待用。将混合均匀的细胞液液吸入10cm培养皿中,再向培养皿中加入8ml DMEM完全培养基,轻轻吹打混匀之后,放入37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养,次日更换新鲜培养液继续培养。按照1:3的比例传代原皿中的细胞,混匀,放入37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养。
2.2细胞增殖抑制/毒性实验
取处于对数生长期的Hela细胞培养皿,用PBS洗2次,加入1ml 0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,高倍镜下观察已经消化完毕之后迅速加入DMEM完全培养基终止消化,吸取少许细胞悬液于血细胞计数板上,进行细胞计数,调整单细胞悬液为1×105/ml。将制备好的Hela细胞悬液接种于96孔培养板中,每孔100μl,每组设5个平行孔,最外边的一圈孔不加细胞悬液,而用PBS代替,以防止边缘效应,影响细胞状态和实验结果。将铺好细胞的96孔板放置于37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中培养24h以使细胞贴壁。次日更换新鲜的含化合物/药物完全培养液(N-9或其它化合物/药物)100μl,继续培养。加入含化合物/药物完全培养液之后,继续培养24h,弃掉培养基,加入不含血清的培养基100μl,再向每孔中加入10μl的CCK-8试剂,加入时最好快速加入,以避免CCK-8残留于移液器的枪头上,加入之后,轻轻击打96孔板,以使CCK-8均匀分布于孔内。静置30min后,将加入CCK-8的96孔板放入37℃,5%CO2的培养箱中继续培养1-4h,Hela细胞一般选择2h为测试点。采用酶标法测定OD值,在测试之前,先将酶标仪预热30min,之后再进行测试。测定波长为450nm。通过测定OD值,求得细胞存活率和IC50值。按照如下公式计算细胞的抑制率:
细胞抑制率(%)=[(AC-Ab)-(AS-Ab)]/(AC-Ab)×100%
AS:实验孔平均值(含有细胞的培养基、CCK-8、毒性物质);
AC:对照孔平均值(含有细胞的培养基、CCK-8、没有毒性物质);
Ab:空白孔平均值(不含细胞和毒性物质的培养基、CCK-8)。
IC50为抑制率达50%时所需要的化合物/药物浓度。结果如图3所示,N-9和Tideglusib对上皮细胞HeLa细胞系的增殖抑制率分别约为IC50N-9:6μΜ,IC50Tideglusib:30μΜ。治疗指数(therapeutic index,TI)为药物的安全性指标,通常将半数中毒量(TD50)/半数有效量(ED50)或半数致死量(LD50)/半数有效量(ED50)称为治疗指数。此处以IC50/EC100估算TI,TIN-9=0.023;TITideglusib=3.85~5.76。可见Tideglusib较N-9具有更大的TI值,表明Tideglusib较N-9具有更好的安全性。
已知N-9通过去垢剂样活性崩解粘膜上皮细胞造成细胞增殖抑制,Tideglusib则表现出完全不同的动力学特征,提示Tideglusib通过不同于N-9的途径抑制了HeLa细胞系的增殖。SYBR14/PI荧光染色分析表明,N-9与HeLa细胞的接触直接导致细胞膜通透,而Tideglusib与HeLa细胞的接触并不导致HeLa细胞的细胞膜通透或者细胞崩解。所以,N-9的细胞毒性表现为直接的细胞膜破坏,而Tideglusib仅表现为抑制上皮细胞的增殖。
2.3讨论
已知Tideglusib是不可逆的,非ATP竞争性的GSK-3β抑制剂(IC50:60nM),已经作为治疗阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer disease)和进行性核上性麻痹(progressivesupranuclear palsy,PSP)药物进入二期临床〔Dominguez JM,Fuertes A,Orozco L,delMonte-Millan M,Delgado E,Medina M:Evidence for irreversible inhibition ofglycogen synthase kinase-3beta by tideglusib.J Biol Chem2012,287(2):893-904〕。
Tideglusib的临床安全性已经得到临床试验的验证。在小规模的临床试验中,病人的口服剂量增加到1000毫克每天,仍表现出很好的安全性和耐受性,不良反应与对照组没有区别〔del Ser T,Steinwachs KC,Gertz HJ,Andres MV,Gomez-Carrillo B,MedinaM,Vericat JA,Redondo P,Fleet D,Leon T:Treatment of Alzheimer's disease withthe GSK-3inhibitor tideglusib:a pilot study.J Alzheimers Dis 2013,33(1):205-215〕。更大规模的多国家、双盲对照的二期临床试验发现,对于进行性核上性麻痹症病人,Tideglusib减少了脑萎缩的进展,尤其是顶叶和枕叶〔Hoglinger GU,Huppertz HJ,Wagenpfeil S,Andres MV,Belloch V,Leon T,Del Ser T:Tideglusib reducesprogression of brain atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy in arandomized trial.Mov Disord 2014,29(4):479-487〕。另一个规模达146人,周期为52周的轻度和中度进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)病人随机双盲对照试验表明,Tideglusib是安全的,耐受良好〔Tolosa E,Litvan I,Hoglinger GU,Burn D,Lees A,Andres MV,Gomez-Carrillo B,Leon T,Del Ser T:A phase 2trial of the GSK-3inhibitor tideglusibin progressive supranuclear palsy.Mov Disord 2014,29(4):470-478〕。欧洲治疗阿尔兹海默症的临床试验也证明了Tideglusib的安全性,尽管并没有观察到Tideglusib的临床治疗阿尔兹海默症的益处〔Lovestone S,Boada M,Dubois B,Hull M,Rinne JO,HuppertzHJ,Calero M,Andres MV,Gomez-Carrillo B,Leon T et al:A phase II trial oftideglusib in Alzheimer's disease.J Alzheimers Dis 2015,45(1):75-88〕。
因此,不论是对女性还是男性,Tideglusib可望被开发成非侵入性的,可逆的,舒适度高的,安全的避孕药物(具)。
实施例3、Tideglusib凝胶的制备和测试
参照CN 101559036A制备Tideglusib凝胶。将强缓冲剂的酸溶于水中,搅拌条件下加入人体自身含有的金属阳离子的碱如(氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠中的一种或多种,优选的是氢氧化钠)调pH值至3.0-5.5,更佳的调至3.3-3.6;加入相变温度调节剂和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种,搅拌均匀,0-8℃下存放12-24小时,加入生物粘附剂,搅拌30-180分钟,直到获得均匀的凝胶。
具体而言,可参照CN 101559036A的实施例2制备本实施例的载药凝胶。载药凝胶各组分比例如下:20%泊洛沙姆407;3%泊洛沙姆188;4%乳酸;1%柠檬酸;0.4%酒石酸氢钾;0.2%苯甲酸;8%甘油;乳酸钠,柠檬酸钠,酒石酸钠,酒石酸钠钾,苯甲酸钠(上述盐的含量为与其对应酸形成pH3.5所需的量),0.8%卡波普934;水含量为补足100%。
分别将溶解的Tideglusib和壬苯醇醚均匀分散于上述制备得到的载药凝胶中,获得4%壬苯醇醚凝胶和0.4%Tideglusib凝胶。
将家兔随机分组,每组3只,适应一周后给药。以上述4%壬苯醇醚凝胶为阳性对照,0.9%的氯化钠为空白对照,0.4%tideglusib凝胶为药物组。各组雌兔在阴道给药10分钟后,按1:1比例与确知有生育能力的雄兔进行交配,分别于交配后5、10、15、20分钟从雌兔阴道取出精液,显微镜下观察精子存活情况。观察10个以上视野,有一个及以上的运动精子记录为“+”,无活动精子的记录为“-”。结果显示在下表3中。
继续饲养,交配后15-20天,空气栓塞法处死,剖腹检查有无受孕。结果显示在下表4中。
表3:家兔体内杀精效果观察记录表
表4:家兔体内避孕效果观察记录表
本实施例证明Tideglusib具有良好的避孕效果。
实施例4、其它化合物调节人精子运动能力的方法测试
根据CN 101045715A公开的方法制备、纯化本申请表1所示的化合物,并按照EmmaM.Turner等〔ACS Med.Chem.Lett.,2012,3,146-150〕制备其表1的化合物1a-1i、2a-2i、3-8、9a-9b、10a-10d、11a-11d、12a-12d和13-15。
根据本申请实施例1所述测试上述制备得到的化合物调节人精子运动能力。具体而言,将采集的精液采用实施例1中1.1所示方法获取高活力精子,调整精子浓度至10-20×106/ml。室温条件下在96孔板上用精子培养液按倍比稀释的方法稀释前述化合物,每孔为50μl。稀释完成后将96孔板放置在37℃体积分数5%CO2培养箱中孵育30min。另吸取50μl精液滴于此孔中,立即秒表计时,移液器匀速吹打5次,混匀。在显微镜下(×200)观察精子活动情况,测算出在20s内该化合物浓度下全部精子是否失去运动性。逐孔加入,最终测出20s使所有精子失活所需的化合物最小浓度。每个受试化合物浓度针对每份精液标本分别连续检测3次,最终结果取其平均值。
噻二唑烷二酮类化合物已知可以用作GSK3β抑制剂(CN 101045715A)或RGS抑制剂(Emma M.Turner等,ACS Med.Chem.Lett.,2012,3,146-150)。但RGS蛋白已知以组织特异性的方式表达,尤其是人们最深入研究的RGS4在中枢神经系统中广泛表达,而在外周组织很少表达(Emma M.Turner等,同上)。此外,迄今只在人类和小鼠中发现RGS22表达在睾丸生精细胞和Leydig细胞,可能参与精子生成和减数分裂,而且除RGS22外,也未发现其它RGS蛋白在成熟精子中存在,且RGS22已知的功能并未发现与精子运动有关。因此,可以合理预期Tideglusib是通过GSK3途径,作为GSK3β抑制剂而起到杀精避孕作用。由此,据信作为GSK3β抑制剂的其它噻二唑烷二酮类化合物,尤其是本实施例所制备和测试的这些化合物也能起到杀精避孕的作用。
Claims (6)
1.下式III所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制精子运动能力的药剂、用于杀精的药剂、避孕药或避孕器具中的用途:
式中,
R1和R2各自独立选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤代C1-4烷基和卤素;和
n和m各自独立为0、1、2或3。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述式III化合物具有下式结构:
3.一种避孕器具,该避孕器具含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.如权利要求3所述的避孕器具,其特征在于,所述避孕器具为避孕套、膜、环、植入物或棉塞。
5.一种外用避孕药剂,该外用避孕药剂含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
6.如权利要求5所述的外用避孕药剂,其特征在于,所述外用避孕药剂为外用凝胶、片剂、胶囊、阴道栓剂、乳膏、糊剂、胶冻剂、泡沫、喷雾剂、洗剂或润滑剂。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610124600.8A CN107151235B (zh) | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | 噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610124600.8A CN107151235B (zh) | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | 噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107151235A CN107151235A (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
CN107151235B true CN107151235B (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
Family
ID=59791583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610124600.8A Active CN107151235B (zh) | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | 噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107151235B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113827592B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-06-18 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 一种噻二唑烷二酮基化合物在治疗致病性感染中的应用 |
CN112285260B (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-03-22 | 南京工业大学 | 一组诊断标志物在诊断肥胖所致弱精子症中的应用 |
CN115197167B (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-07-28 | 中国药科大学 | 1,2,4-噻二唑烷-3,5-二酮化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2024229406A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 | 2024-11-07 | Revolution Medicines, Inc. | Combination therapy for a ras related disease or disorder |
CN117986202B (zh) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-06-14 | 中国药科大学 | 具有ptpn2抑制活性的1,2,4-噻二唑烷-3,5-二酮化合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1681815A (zh) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-10-12 | 沃泰克斯药物股份有限公司 | 用作gsk-3的抑制剂的吡唑组合物 |
CN1863780A (zh) * | 2002-08-14 | 2006-11-15 | 沃泰克斯药物股份有限公司 | 蛋白激酶抑制剂及其应用 |
CN1946398A (zh) * | 2004-04-05 | 2007-04-11 | 神经药物有限公司 | 噻二唑二酮作为gsk-3抑制剂 |
CN101045715A (zh) * | 2000-05-11 | 2007-10-03 | 科学研究高等机关 | 糖原合酶激酶gsk-3的杂环抑制剂 |
CN101321753A (zh) * | 2005-10-03 | 2008-12-10 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 用于治疗痴呆和神经变性疾病的糖原合酶激酶3抑制剂的新咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶衍生物 |
CN101321754A (zh) * | 2005-10-03 | 2008-12-10 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 新化合物ⅱ |
-
2016
- 2016-03-04 CN CN201610124600.8A patent/CN107151235B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101045715A (zh) * | 2000-05-11 | 2007-10-03 | 科学研究高等机关 | 糖原合酶激酶gsk-3的杂环抑制剂 |
CN1681815A (zh) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-10-12 | 沃泰克斯药物股份有限公司 | 用作gsk-3的抑制剂的吡唑组合物 |
CN1863780A (zh) * | 2002-08-14 | 2006-11-15 | 沃泰克斯药物股份有限公司 | 蛋白激酶抑制剂及其应用 |
CN1946398A (zh) * | 2004-04-05 | 2007-04-11 | 神经药物有限公司 | 噻二唑二酮作为gsk-3抑制剂 |
CN101321753A (zh) * | 2005-10-03 | 2008-12-10 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 用于治疗痴呆和神经变性疾病的糖原合酶激酶3抑制剂的新咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶衍生物 |
CN101321754A (zh) * | 2005-10-03 | 2008-12-10 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | 新化合物ⅱ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107151235A (zh) | 2017-09-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107151235B (zh) | 噻二唑烷二酮基gsk3抑制剂在调节精子运动能力中的用途 | |
Rohan et al. | Vaginal drug delivery systems for HIV prevention | |
US20210299151A1 (en) | Topical, isotonic compositions for genital use | |
KR101518014B1 (ko) | 부인과 질환의 치료에서의 락트산 올리고머의 용도 | |
RU2560879C2 (ru) | Cпособ профилактики передающихся половым путем вирусных заболеваний, лекарственное средство, способ получения лекарственного средства, фармацевтическая композиция для местного применения и презерватив | |
RU2760457C1 (ru) | Хлорохин-гель, способ его изготовления и применения | |
NO334067B1 (no) | Anvendelse av triazinforbindelser for fremstilling av legemidler til forebygging av seksuell overføring av HIV | |
PL202918B1 (pl) | Przeciwbakteryjna i antykoncepcyjna kompozycja oraz jej zastosowanie | |
EP2968109A2 (en) | Topical pharmaceutical composition comprising tenofovir, an antibacterial agent and, optonally ciclopirox | |
MX2011001410A (es) | Formulaciones de imiquimod de concentracion de dosificacion inferior y regimenes de dosificacion cortos para tratar verrugas genitales y perianales. | |
US20160008276A1 (en) | Compositions and methods for enhancing the efficacy of contraceptive microbicides | |
JP2005527546A (ja) | 局所用殺菌剤および避妊薬としてのスラミンおよびその誘導体 | |
US20170296530A1 (en) | Compositions and Methods for Treating and Inhibiting Viral Infections | |
US20230039637A1 (en) | Microbiome optimization | |
KR20160072829A (ko) | 테노포비어, 항균제 및 선택적으로 시클로피록스를 포함하는 국소 약학 조성물 | |
Aitken et al. | Bridging the gap between male and female fertility control; contraception-on-demand | |
US12083304B2 (en) | Kits for topical, isotonic compositions | |
WO2022076804A1 (en) | Multifunctional contraceptive gel compositions and related methods of use | |
US9884049B2 (en) | Microbicidal composition comprising an octoxynol and a quinolizidine alkaloid compound or a source thereof | |
WO2024086304A1 (en) | Methods and compositions for treatment of ophthalmic disease | |
WO2024249580A1 (en) | Decreasing acinetobacter populations in the microbiome | |
WO2021046446A1 (en) | Compositions and methods of use for enhancing fertility | |
CN119385926A (zh) | 一种抗生殖道人乳头瘤病毒感染的凝胶及其制备方法 | |
CN110215447A (zh) | 甲芬那酸在避孕药物中的应用及其制备的杀精避孕药物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 200032 Shanghai Xuhui District Xietu Road No. 2140 Patentee after: Shanghai Institute of biomedical technology Address before: 200032 Shanghai Xuhui District Xietu Road No. 2140 Patentee before: SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF PLANNED PARENTHOOD RESEARCH |
|
CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |