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CN107149854A - 在气体洗涤中生产塔的布置方式 - Google Patents

在气体洗涤中生产塔的布置方式 Download PDF

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CN107149854A
CN107149854A CN201710311198.9A CN201710311198A CN107149854A CN 107149854 A CN107149854 A CN 107149854A CN 201710311198 A CN201710311198 A CN 201710311198A CN 107149854 A CN107149854 A CN 107149854A
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U·凯莱斯泰乔格鲁
M·贝格
W·迈尔
S·米尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及气体洗涤设备,其具有吸收器,在其中可以借助洗涤剂从合成粗煤气分离出二氧化碳和含硫组分,及具有CO2生产塔(T1)以及布置在CO2生产塔下游的富集塔(T2)用于使在吸收器中负载二氧化碳和含硫组分的洗涤剂再生。所述气体洗涤设备的特征在于,相对于富集塔(T2)升高布置CO2生产塔(T1),从而在运行中至少一股有待从CO2生产塔(T1)输送至富集塔(T2)中的液体流(5、6、9)可以仅通过在这两个塔之间产生的总压差进行输送。

Description

在气体洗涤中生产塔的布置方式
技术领域
本发明涉及气体洗涤设备,其具有吸收器,在其中可以借助洗涤剂从合成粗煤气分离出二氧化碳和含硫组分,及具有CO2生产塔以及布置在CO2生产塔下游的富集塔用于使在吸收器中负载二氧化碳和含硫组分的洗涤剂再生。
背景技术
采用物理气体洗涤设备以从气体混合物分离气体组分。其利用在此用作洗涤剂的液体的特性,吸收气态物质并保持在溶液中,而不与这些物质发生化学结合。气体可被液体吸收及与其结合的程度由其溶解系数表示,溶解系数越大,则气体在液体中溶解得越好。溶解系数与温度相关,一般而言随温度的下降及遵循亨利吸收定律随压力的升高而升高。
通过除去从气体混合物分离出的及在洗涤剂中溶解的气体组分,在气体洗涤后紧接着使负载的洗涤剂再生。再生的洗涤剂通常又重新用于气体洗涤,而分离出的气体组分进行废物处理或者送至经济应用。
为了净化合成粗煤气,其以工业规模在气化设备中从煤和/或包含烃的进料例如通过水蒸汽重整或通过部分氧化产生并且通常除了所期望的物质氢和一氧化碳以外还包含几种非期望的成分例如二氧化碳和含硫组分如硫化氢和氧硫化碳,优选采用物理气体洗涤。建议物理气体洗涤是因为合成粗煤气今天大部分在高压下产生,并且物理气体洗涤的功效以一次近似线性地随着工作压力增加。
对于合成粗煤气的净化特别重要的是甲醇洗涤。其利用了以下事实,硫化氢、氧硫化碳和二氧化碳对于甲醇的溶解系数明显大于氢和一氧化碳。这是因为随着温度下降,这些差别增大,因此氢损失和一氧化碳损失由于共吸收而下降,但是首先因为二氧化碳的溶解系数随温度下降而大幅升高,用作洗涤剂的甲醇在大多数情况下以远低于0℃的温度导入构造成洗涤塔的吸收器中,并且与待净化的合成气强烈接触。此外该方法允许独立地获得含硫组分和二氧化碳,它们可以由于其明显不同的溶解系数基本上选择性地从负载的甲醇洗涤剂分离出。
若生产氢产品是首要的,则在甲醇洗涤之前对合成粗煤气实施水煤气变换,其中在合成粗煤气中包含的一氧化碳与水反应生成氢和二氧化碳。然后尤其是在合成粗煤气由氢贫乏的原料例如煤或重油获得并因此在水煤气变换之前已经具有高的二氧化碳含量时,可以通过水煤气变换上升至大于40摩尔%。为了提高氢生产的经济性,经常从大量产生的二氧化碳获得副产物,其例如以大于98摩尔%的纯度用于合成尿素。
用于获得二氧化碳副产物的甲醇洗涤设备通常具有被称作CO2生产塔的洗涤塔,在其下部使负载有二氧化碳以及更容易溶解的组分例如硫化氢和氧硫化碳的甲醇洗涤剂减压。由于压力下降,主要使二氧化碳脱气。但是一部分含硫组分也从负载的甲醇洗涤剂释放出并在塔中向上引导。借助不含硫的甲醇洗涤剂从气体流洗出含硫组分,为此目的将其送至CO2生产塔的塔顶,并与上升的气体流强烈接触。从CO2生产塔的塔顶排出具有产品纯度的二氧化碳流,同时在其下部区域收集甲醇洗涤剂,虽然其二氧化碳含量大幅减少,但是仍然负载有二氧化碳以及含硫组分。
从CO2生产塔排出负载的甲醇洗涤剂并送至所谓的富集塔,其是冷汽提塔。在富集塔中,通过以逆流引导的冷汽提气(通常是氮气),从甲醇洗涤剂主要溶解出二氧化碳,由此冷却甲醇洗涤剂。将以此方式产生的冷量用于补偿甲醇洗涤的不可避免的冷量损失。从富集塔的塔顶排出混合有二氧化碳的冷汽提气作为尾气并通常丢弃;汽提出的二氧化碳因此丢失。将主要负载有含硫组分但是仍然负载有残余量的二氧化碳的甲醇洗涤剂从富集塔排出,并可选地在热汽提塔中再处理,以产生具有洗涤剂纯度的甲醇以及含有含硫组分和二氧化碳的气体馏分,其通常被送至Claus设备以获得单质硫。
为了以高产量获得二氧化碳产品,在实践中尝试保持经由来自富集塔的尾气造成的二氧化碳损失少。因此使负载的甲醇洗涤剂在CO2生产塔中减压至仅略超过富集塔中压力的压力。因此为了将负载的甲醇洗涤剂从CO2生产塔转移至富集塔中,仅提供小的静压差,其有可能不足以克服在CO2生产塔中的液位与导入富集塔中的位置之间的高度差。因此现有技术是借助泵将来自CO2生产塔的液体输送至富集塔中。因为通常要将更多的液体流从CO2生产塔送至富集塔中并且由于增加的运行安全性而成双构造的泵及其所属的配件和配管必须适合于低温运行,该解决方案显著地影响投资成本和运行成本的大小及由此影响物理气体洗涤设备的经济性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是给出此类设备,通过该设备克服所述的现有技术的缺点。
以如下方式实现该目的,相对于富集塔升高布置CO2生产塔,从而使得在物理气体洗涤设备运行中至少一股有待从CO2生产塔送入富集塔中的液体流可以仅通过在这两个塔之间产生的总压差进行输送。
在根据本发明的气体洗涤设备的一个优选的实施方案中,选择CO2生产塔与富集塔之间的高度差,使得所有有待从CO2生产塔送入富集塔中的液体流可以仅通过在这两个塔之间产生的总压差进行输送。
通过本发明能够以低的压力及因此高的二氧化碳产率运行CO2生产塔,无需使用泵以将液体流输送至富集塔中。以低于空气压力的压力运行CO2生产塔甚至是可以想象的。
针对性地将CO2生产塔布置在不高于在物理气体洗涤设备正常运行的所有条件下无需借助泵将一股或多股液体流输送至富集塔中所必需的高度。
为了相对于富集塔升高布置CO2生产塔,可以将CO2生产塔安装在足够长的支撑框架(Standzargen)上,其直接与基座相连接,或者与物理气体洗涤设备的本身设置在基座上的其他设备部件相连接。但是优选不使用支撑框架而是直接安装在物理气体洗涤设备的其他设备部件上,其高度足以实现所力求的功效。若物理气体洗涤设备包括热汽提塔,则建议将CO2生产塔布置在其上或上方。
下面应当依照在图1中示意性描绘的实施例更详细地阐述本发明。
附图说明
图1所示为根据本发明的布置方式。
具体实施方式
图1显示了在气体洗涤设备的再生部件中CO2生产塔和富集塔的根据本发明的布置方式,其中可以借助甲醇洗涤剂基本上选择性地从合成粗煤气洗出二氧化碳和含硫组分,并获得二氧化碳产品以及富含硫的物质流,其例如适合作为Claus设备的进料。
经由管道1和2,在洗涤包含二氧化碳和含硫组分的合成粗煤气时仅负载二氧化碳的不含硫的甲醇洗涤剂减压进入CO2生产塔T1中,从而使所含的二氧化碳进入气相中并获得二氧化碳产品。为此,一股负载的洗涤剂流1减压进入CO2生产塔T1的被构造成分离器A的上部区域中,同时将其他的负载的洗涤剂流2导入布置在分离器A下方的、通过塔板K1与其分开的再洗涤区段R。负载有二氧化碳和含硫组分的甲醇洗涤剂3减压进入CO2生产塔T1的通过另一个塔板K2与再洗涤区段R分开的塔底空间S1中,其中产生包含二氧化碳和含硫组分的气相,于再洗涤区段R中通过不含硫的甲醇洗涤剂2从该气相再洗涤出含硫组分。
将从负载的甲醇洗涤剂分离出的二氧化碳从CO2生产塔T1的塔顶作为二氧化碳产品4排出,并凭贷方凭证(Gutschrift)交给购买方,例如用于合成尿素,同时将在塔底空间S1和塔板K2中收集的、负载有含硫组分和二氧化碳的甲醇馏分5和6从CO2生产塔T1排出,并输送至富集塔T2的中部,从而通过进一步分离出二氧化碳使含硫组分富集。
为了支持二氧化碳分离,向富集塔T2的下端输送汽提气7和8,其在其向上的路径上从以逆流引导的甲醇主要带出二氧化碳,但也有含硫组分。为了再洗涤带出的含硫组分,由CO2生产塔T1的分离器A经由管道9排出不含硫但是仍然包含二氧化碳的甲醇,并送至富集塔T2的塔顶。将释放至气相中的二氧化碳与通常为氮气的汽提气一起混合成尾气10,然后丢弃。
从富集塔T2的塔底空间S2排出含硫组分富集的甲醇11,在热交换器E中加热后输送至热汽提塔T3以进一步分离二氧化碳。向热汽提塔T3输送热的汽提气12,将其与汽提出的二氧化碳一起经由管道8导入富集塔T2中,在此同样用作汽提气。将来自热汽提塔T3的塔底的二氧化碳大幅贫化的甲醇13继续引导至热再生塔(未示出),以分离出含硫组分并获得重新用于气体洗涤的再生的甲醇洗涤剂以及富含含硫组分的物质流,其例如可以送至Claus设备以获得硫。
为了能够以高的产率获得二氧化碳产品4,以尽可能低的压力运行CO2生产塔T1,从而仅仅在CO2生产塔T1与富集塔T2之间的用于输送负载的甲醇流5、6和9的压差不足以将液体抬升到富集塔T2的入口连接管所需的高度。CO2生产塔T1因此通过其在热汽提塔T3上的布置方式相对于富集塔T2升高定位,从而获得用于输送甲醇流的静压。替代性地,也可以将CO2生产塔T1布置在其他位于流4或10的路径上的设备上,例如甲醇再洗涤塔(未示出),以实现升高定位。可以省略掉泵的使用。

Claims (6)

1.气体洗涤设备,其具有吸收器,在其中能够借助洗涤剂从合成粗煤气分离出二氧化碳和含硫组分,及具有CO2生产塔(T1)以及布置在CO2生产塔下游的富集塔(T2)用于使在吸收器中负载二氧化碳和含硫组分的洗涤剂再生,其特征在于,相对于富集塔(T2)升高布置CO2生产塔(T1),从而使得在运行中至少一股有待从CO2生产塔(T1)输送至富集塔(T2)中的液体流(5、6、9)能够仅通过在这两个塔之间产生的总压差进行输送。
2.根据权利要求1的气体洗涤设备,其特征在于,选择CO2生产塔(T1)与富集塔(T2)之间的高度差,使得所有有待从CO2生产塔(T1)输送至富集塔(T2)中的液体流(5、6、9)能够仅通过在这两个塔之间产生的总压差进行输送。
3.根据权利要求1或2的气体洗涤设备,其特征在于,将CO2生产塔(T1)安装在足够长的支撑框架上,其直接与基座相连接,或者与物理气体洗涤设备的本身设置在基座上的其他设备部件相连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2的气体洗涤设备,其特征在于,将CO2生产塔(T1)直接安装在物理气体洗涤设备的其他设备部件(T3)上。
5.根据权利要求3或4的气体洗涤设备,其特征在于,将CO2生产塔(T1)布置在热汽提塔(T3)上或其上方。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的气体洗涤设备,其特征在于适合于实施甲醇洗涤。
CN201710311198.9A 2016-03-03 2017-03-02 在气体洗涤中生产塔的布置方式 Pending CN107149854A (zh)

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