CN107099117A - A kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107099117A CN107099117A CN201610093221.7A CN201610093221A CN107099117A CN 107099117 A CN107099117 A CN 107099117A CN 201610093221 A CN201610093221 A CN 201610093221A CN 107099117 A CN107099117 A CN 107099117A
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- aeroge
- polymer
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- fiber
- resin
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites and preparation method.Fibre-reinforced aerogel-the polymer composites, using fibre-reinforced aeroge as strengthening material, using polymer as matrix, polymer is filled with the three-D nano hole structure of aeroge, the composite that polymer interweaves with aeroge nanoscale three-dimensional network is formed.The present invention can lift heat resistance, wearability, ageing resistance, compression strength, impact resistance, fold resistance of polymer matrix composite etc., or even the characteristic of lifting or imparting polymer matrix composite in terms of sound, light, electricity, magnetic, heat.Present invention process process is simple and easy to apply, be conducive to industrialized production, the upgrading of traditional polymer based composites industry can be promoted, product has significant application value in defence and military, space flight and aviation, bullet train, wheel Ship, automobile, Leisure Sport, offshore oil and gas field, wind-power electricity generation, electrician's electric insulation, shellproof anti-riot, mechanical electric apparatus, building field etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of polymer matrix composite, fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymerization is more particularly to utilized
The preparation method of thing composite.
Background technology
Polymer matrix composite is typically the fibre reinforced materials using organic polymer as matrix.Polymer, according to
Way can then be divided into resin and rubber etc., can be divided into thermoplasticity and thermosetting polymer by thermal behavior.Wherein thermosetting resin includes
Unsaturated polyester (UP), vinyl esters, epoxy, phenolic aldehyde, BMI（BMI）, polyimide resin etc., and thermoplastic resin is such as
Polypropylene（PP）, makrolon（PC）, nylon（NYLON）, polyether-ether-ketone（PEEK）, polyether sulfone（PES）Deng.The fibre of composite
Dimension reinforcing material mainly has glass fibre, carbon fiber, boron fibre, aramid fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, carborundum fine
Dimension, asbestos fibre, whisker, wire etc..
The performance that resin is generally divided into for structural composite material polymeric matrix is largely related to composite wood
The final performance of material, for structural composite material, it is most important that maximum operation (service) temperature, intensity, rigidity, fatigue, tough
Property and wet and heat ageing resistant etc..Development high-performance resin matrix Main way is at present：1. new type high temperature type resin matrix, uses temperature
Degree can be more than 300 DEG C；2. high tenacity resin matrix, the post-impact compression of such as composite is more than 300MPa resin base
Body；3. it is applied to the resin matrix of the liquid molding process, such as RTM novel process of low cost；4. composite knot can be met
Structure function integration new type resin matrix, such as has wave transparent and inhales the resin matrix of wave energy.
The performance of resin matrix is largely related to the final performance of composite, to structural composite material
For, it is most important that maximum operation (service) temperature, intensity, rigidity, fatigue, toughness and wet and heat ageing resistant etc..Develop high-performance at present
Resin matrix Main way is：1. new type high temperature type resin matrix, temperature in use can be more than 300 DEG C；2. high tenacity resin base
The post-impact compression of body, such as composite is more than 300MPa resin matrix；3. it is applied to the liquid molding work of low cost
The resin matrix of skill, such as RTM novel process；4. composite structure function integration new type resin matrix can be met, is such as had
There is wave transparent and inhale the resin matrix of wave energy.
Above-mentioned target is realized at present, and main approach is to original resin modified.Such as epoxy resin-base combination property
Excellent, good manufacturability, price is relatively low, is still that most common resin matrix is applied in carbon fibre composite at present.It has the disadvantage
Toughness is not enough, humidity resistance is poor and prepreg Storage period is short etc., accordingly, it would be desirable to modified.The work of bimaleimide resin base body
Make temperature at 150 ~ 250 DEG C.Its heat resistance is better than polyfunctional epoxy resin but less than polyimide resin, and hydroscopicity is compared with epoxy
Resin is low, and can obtain toughness and moisture-proof by modification is better than polyimides better than heat resistant epoxide resin, manufacturability close to ring again
The resin matrix of oxygen, the need for meeting high-speed aircraft main stress structural composite.Polyimide resin matrix is a kind of high
The composite resin matrix of warm type, highest heatproof is up to 371 DEG C, but fabrication process condition is harsh, mainly meets aviation hair
Developed the need for motivation composite material component.
Carbon fiber resin composite material tensile strength is general all in more than 3500Mpa, is 7 ~ 9 times of steel, tensile elastic mould
Measure and be also higher than steel for 23000 ~ 43000Mpa.It is enhanced advanced with carbon fiber, aramid fiber, boron fibre, silicon carbide fibre etc.
Composite, with high intensity（5 times of steel）, high-fire resistance (high temperature that more than 2000 DEG C can be resistant to), high thermal shock
Property, improved corrosion and radiance, low thermal coefficient of expansion (deflection is small) and low-density（The 1/5 of steel）The features such as, in aircraft knot
The fields such as structure material, rocket envelope, sports goods, industrial robot, ship, bullet train, car body leaf spring and drive shaft
Obtain extensive use.
With nano-polymer composite material study rise, with the metal of nano-scale, semiconductor, rigid particles and other
Inorganic particulate, fiber, CNT etc. are modified as dispersed phase, are scattered in modifying agent uniformity by appropriate preparation method
In reisn base material, the compound system containing nano-sized materials is formed, it is interested to researchers.Nanometer powder used
Material is mainly the nano silicate clay such as montmorillonite, rectorite, sepiolite, and nano silicon oxide（Gaseous oxidation silicon）, receive
Rice titanium dioxide etc..
Report, in montmorillonite/PA6 composites, the interlamellar spacing of nano imvite is 1.96nm, and montmorillonite Composite is arrived
Be completely exfoliated the nanoparticle as 1 ~ 1.5nm of thickness after in nylon matrix, the heat resistance of its composite, barrier property,
Water absorption resistance can be very outstanding；By TiO_2 nanoparticles in polypropylene disperse reach that TiO2/ polypropylene is made in below 60nm
Composite has excellent antibacterial effect.
Nano silicon oxide（Gas-phase silica）Modification for plastics and rubber is very universal at present.Glass fiber reinforced plastics product
Although having the advantages that lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant, itself hardness is relatively low, wearability is poor.Researcher passes through ultrasonic disperse
Method is by gaseous oxidation silicon（Gas phase of white carbon black）It is added in gel coating resin, with non-aerating phase oxidation silicon（Gas phase of white carbon black）Glue
Clothing does performance comparison experiment, finds its Mohs' hardness by original 2.2 grades（Equivalent to the hardness of gypsum）Bring up to 2.8 ~ 2.9 grades
（3 grades are natural marble hardness）, wearability improves 1 ~ 2 times, because nano particle produces grafting with organic polymer and is bonded work
With, increase toughness of material, therefore tensile strength and impact strength improve more than 1 times, heat resistance is also greatly improved.Utilize gas
Phase oxidation silicon（Gas phase of white carbon black）Printing opacity, granularity are small, and plastics can be made to become finer and close, add in polystyrene plastics film
After oxygenation SiClx, its transparency, intensity, toughness are not only improved, and water resistance and ageing resistace are also significantly improved.
It is the plastic-steel door and window hardness produced by being added in common plasticses polyvinyl chloride after a small amount of nano silicon oxide, bright and clean
Degree and ageing resistace are greatly improved.Common plasticses polypropylene is modified using nano silicon oxide, the key technical indexes
（Water absorption rate, insulaion resistance, permanent compressive deformation, flexural strength etc.）The performance indications of engineering plastic nylon 6 are met or exceeded,
Realize polypropylene railway accessory replacement nylon 6 to use, product cost declines to a great extent, and its economic benefit and social benefit are very aobvious
Write.
Rubber is a kind of excellent elastomer of retractility, but its combination property and unsatisfactory, produces rubber mistake
Carbon black need to be generally added in journey in sizing material to improve intensity, wearability and ageing resistance, but because the addition of carbon black causes system
Product are black, and class is not high.A small amount of gaseous oxidation silicon is added in General Purpose Rubber（Gas phase of white carbon black）Afterwards, product is strong
The performances such as degree, wearability and ageing resistance meet or exceed high-grade rubber, and can keep color permanency.Receive
Rice modified color EPDM waterproof rolled sheet, its wearability, tensile strength, fold resistance, ageing resistace are obviously improved, and color
It is color bright-coloured, protect color excellent effect.Gaseous oxidation silicon is added in colorful rubber tire（Gas phase of white carbon black）Afterwards, tire side glue
Fracture resistance is greatly improved, and is brought up to more than 500,000 times by original 100,000 times.
Patent CN201010181735.0 discloses a kind of carbon fiber reinforced composite material driving wheel.Using following weight hundred
The raw material of point ratio is made, and polyamide, which accounts for 50-75%, carbon fiber and accounts for 10-30%, glass fibre, accounts for 10-20%, silane coupler
Account for 0.5-3%, silica and account for 5-20%.Injection machine is put into after granulation and carries out injection molding.Using carbon fibre reinforced composite come
Drive is manufactured, is easily worked, production efficiency is high, saving the energy, light weight, specific strength, high, specific modulus is high, heat-resist, tool
There is prominent wear-resisting, corrosion resistance, processing characteristics are good, performance design is good, dimensionally stable, service life are long.
Aeroge, is a kind of novel inorganic nano-porous materials, can be divided into silica aerogel, aluminum oxide airsetting by composition
The metal oxide aerogels such as glue, zirconia aerogels, titania aerogel and organic aerogel, carbon aerogels etc..Oxidation
Silica aerogel, is invented for 1931 by U.S. Kistler.S., and be otherwise known as " blue smoke ", " cigarette freezed ", with nanometer scale ultra micro
Particle mutually assembles composition nanoporous network structure, and average cell size is 20 ~ 50nm, and density low can reach 0.003g/cm3,
Spiracular slit rate is up to 80~99.8%, and specific surface area is up to 1000m2/ g, heat resisting temperature is up to 1300 DEG C, and room temperature thermal conductivity factor can
It is low to reach 0.013w/ (mk), be the best material of most light so far solid and heat-insulating property, calorifics, acoustics, mechanics,
The fields such as optics, electricity, chemistry have wide practical use.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites and preparation method.
The content of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites, the composite is with fiber reinforcement
Aeroge be strengthening material, using polymer as matrix, in the three-D nano hole structure of aeroge be filled with polymer, formed
The composite that polymer interweaves with aeroge three-dimensional network.
Described fibre-reinforced aerogel, including airsetting adhesive plaster, Aerogel paper, aerogel blanket, aerogel plate and aeroge
It is one or more of in shaped piece.
The aeroge, density is 3 ~ 600kg/m3, average pore size is 2 ~ 100nm, and porosity is 50% ~ 99%, including oxygen
SiClx aeroge, alumina aerogels, zirconia aerogels, titania aerogel, iron oxide aeroge, cobalt oxide aeroge,
Nickel oxide aeroge, cupric oxide aeroge, yittrium oxide aeroge, cerium oxide aeroge, vanadium oxide aeroge, bismuth oxide airsetting
It is one or more of in glue, tin oxide aeroge, carbon aerogels, resorcinol formaldehyde aeroge, graphene aerogel.
The aeroge includes hydrophilic aerogel and hydrophobic aerogel.
The fiber, it is fine that its component includes glass fibre, quartz fibre, high silica fiber, alumina silicate fibre, mullite
Dimension, silicon carbide fibre, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fibre, boron nitride fiber, basalt fibre, brucite fiber and concave convex rod
Mineral wool, boron fibre, carbon fiber, CNT, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, metal
It is one or more of in silk.
The fiber, its form include continuous fiber, chopped strand, whisker, one-way fiber fabric, two-dimensional fiber woven cloth,
It is one or more of in three-dimensional fiber woven cloth, fiber non-woven, fibrofelt, fiberboard, fiber honeycomb plate, fiber shaped piece.
The polymer is thermosetting resin, including unsaturated polyester resin, vinylite, epoxy resin, phenolic aldehyde
It is resin, bimaleimide resin, polyimide resin, melamine resin, furane resins, polybutadiene, poly-
Benzimidazole resin, cyanate resin, the one or more of organic siliconresin.
The polymer is thermoplastic resin, including polypropylene, makrolon, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether sulfone, polyethylene, poly-
Butadiene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene, polyisobutene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide, polymethylacrylic acid
One or more in methyl esters, polyacetal resin.
The polymer is rubber, including natural rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, nitrile rubber, second
Third rubber, neoprene, silicon rubber, chloro rubber, fluorubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyurethane rubber, polysulfide rubber, acrylate
It is one or more of in rubber.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites, preparation process bag
Include following steps：
(1) fibre-reinforced aerogel is laid；
(2) polymer latex immersion is seeped into fibre-reinforced aerogel；
(3) normal temperature or composite is formed after being heating and curing.
The polymer and base material are combined, combination process include hand pasting forming, Wrapping formed, pultrusion, vacuum bag into
Type, pressure bag forming, resin transfer molding, sheet molding compound shaping, Resin Film Infusion shaping, injection molding, it is injected into
It is one or more of in type, laminated into type, compression molding, autoclave molding.
The curing mode, including normal temperature and pressure solidification, normal-temperature vacuum solidification, normal temperature cure under pressure, high-temperature pressure solidification,
It is one or more of in high-temperature vacuum solidification, high-temperature pressurizing solidification, photocuring, microwave curing.
Silica aerogel materials are exactly nano silicon oxide in some sense（Gas-phase silica）By certain bore hole size
Three-dimensional porous network structure is gathered into, because the basic nano-particle of aeroge is generally within 10nm, than gas-phase silica particle diameter（One
As for 20nm or so）Smaller, so the silicone hydroxyl on aeroge surface is more easy to occur polymerization crosslinking with polymer, aeroge nanometer is more
Hole three-dimensional structure has overall homogeneity, can produce network-like be cross-linked with each other with resin, it is to avoid gas-phase silica particle is at random to be handed over
Connection and it is scattered uneven the problem of, thus aerogel material and polymer it is compound after can obtain more excellent than adding gas-phase silica
Correlated performance.
Fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites of the present invention, using fibre-reinforced aerogel material as reinforcing
Material, using polymer as matrix, is filled with polymer, forms polymer and aeroge in the three-D nano hole structure of aeroge
The composite that three-dimensional network interweaves, it is intended to improve the heat resistance of original fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite, wearability, anti-
Aging, compression strength, impact resistance, fold resistance etc., so lifting or assign polymer matrix composite sound, light, electricity,
Characteristic in terms of magnetic, heat.
Because the density of aeroge directly affects aperture and the porosity of aeroge, by selecting different densities airsetting glue material
Material, it is possible to obtain without porosity and the aerogel material in aperture, thus regulate and control polymer and aeroge composite quality ratio and
Volume ratio, and then obtain the composite of different requirements.
Illustrate that aeroge modified fibre strengthens polymer matrix composite performance boost by taking silica aerogel as an example below
Mechanism.Silica aerogel is mutually assembled with nanometer scale ultramicro powder is constituted overall homogeneous nanoporous three-dimensional network knot
Structure, average cell size is 20 ~ 50nm, and specific surface area is up to 1000g/m2, because the coordination of nano-material surface seriously is not enough,
Show extremely strong activity, silica is easy to occur bonding action with the oxygen in the polymer molecule such as epoxy resin, improves
Intermolecular bonding force.The three-dimensional net structure passage in aeroge forms the network-like bag that is cross-linked with each other with resin material simultaneously
Wrap up in, optimize the micro-arrangement structure of polymer so that composite has more preferable resistance to compression, tensile strength and toughness.
When aeroge is hydrophobic aerogel, contain super-hydrophobic group in aeroge pore space structure, with extremely low surface
Tension force (about 15mN/m）, it is compound with polymer again after aeroge and fiber composite, the organo-functional group of polymer can be promoted fast
Speed enters inside aeroge hole and quickly combined with fiber, so that the wellability of polymer and fiber and aeroge is improved,
Improve the bond strength of fiber and polymer and aeroge.
The usual anti-aging poor performance of polymer, the purple of 300 ~ 400nm wave bands mainly in solar radiation in composite
Outside line makes the degraded of macromolecular chain, so as to cause the rapid aging of composite.The appropriate proportioning of titania aerogel can be a large amount of
Ultraviolet is absorbed, so as to delay the aging of composite.
The high intensity and small-size effect of silicon oxide nanoparticle in aeroge, show higher after being combined with polymer
Wearability.
Alumina aerogels, zirconia aerogels etc. can bear 1300 degree of high temperature, with extremely low thermal conductivity factor（Often
Temperature is lower up to 0.013w/m.k）, so the heat resistance and anti-flammability of aeroge beneficiated fiber composite can be obviously improved.
Silica aerogel possesses extremely low dielectric constant（k=1.3）, the insulating properties of polymer composites can be lifted.
Carbon aerogels and graphene aerogel have good electric conductivity, can lift the conduction of polymer composites
Property.
Beneficial effect：
Compared with prior art, fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites that prepared by the present invention have following significant effect
Really.
1) aeroge skeleton forms the three-dimensional pilotaxitic texture of three-dimensional network, gained with polymer in nanoscale in the present invention
Composite each component between adhesion it is stronger, aeroge, fiber, three kinds of components of polymer are established one's own system and integral altogether,
It is that one kind is respectively provided with overall homogeneity advanced composite material (ACM) in microcosmic and macroscopic aspect.
2) present invention gained composite strengthens polymer composites relative to traditional fibre, with preferably heat-resisting
Property, wearability, ageing resistance, compression strength, impact resistance, fold resistance etc., or even lifting or assign polymer matrix composite
Characteristic in terms of sound, light, electricity, magnetic, heat.
3) present invention process process is simple and easy to apply, is conducive to industrialized production, can promote traditional polymer base composite wood
The upgrading of material industry.
4) present invention opens brand-new field for aerogel material, by the application of aeroge from the function material such as heat-insulation and heat-preservation
Material field is converted into the structural material field of high-strength wearable.
5) present invention gained composite is in defence and military, space flight and aviation, bullet train, wheel Ship, automobile, physical culture
Leisure, offshore oil and gas field, wind-power electricity generation, electrician's electric insulation, shellproof anti-riot, mechanical electric apparatus, building field etc. have important application
Value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 fibre-reinforced aerogel structural representations.
In Fig. 1,1 is fiber, and 2 be aeroge, and 2 be aeroge interior three-dimensional UNICOM hole.
Embodiment
A kind of specific reality of the preparation method of the fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites provided below the present invention
The mode of applying is described in further detail.These embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1.
According to patent CN2014102703529 method, glass mat enhancing silica aerogel plate, silica are prepared
The size of aerogel plate is 300mm*300mm*10mm, and wherein the density of silica aerogel is 100kg/m3, average pore size is
36nm, porosity is 90%, hydrophobic rate 99.8%.Polymer uses unsaturated polyester resin, takes unsaturated polyester resin 1000g,
Benzoyl peroxide 8g, peroxidized t-butyl perbenzoate 7g is made into unsaturated polyester resin glue.Combination process is passed using resin
Pass molded, glass fiber reinforcement silica aerogel plate is laid in the die cavity of closing in advance, locking die uses pressure
Unsaturated polyester resin glue is injected into die cavity, cold curing after reinforcing material is impregnated with, then stripping forming obtains composite.
Embodiment 2.
According to patent CN2015102953891 method, carbon fiber unidirectional cloth enhancing silica-titania aeroge is prepared
Cloth, the size of silica-titania airsetting adhesive plaster is 300mm*300mm*2mm, wherein silica-titania aeroge density
For 80kg/m3, average pore size is 45nm, and porosity is 93%, hydrophobic rate 99.8%.Polymer uses epoxy resin, takes bisphenol A-type
Epoxy resin E-54---700g；Polyether sulfone (PES) --- 100g；Maleic rosin --- 250g, Hybrid Heating is to 55 DEG C, and insulation 1 is small
When, obtain epoxy resin adhesive liquid.Using vacuum bag/autoclave forming process, carbon fiber unidirectional cloth is strengthened into silica-titania gas
Gel cloth is laid in a mold, upper strata laying flow-guiding screen and mozzle, and bag is sealed afterwards, is made it internal in vacuum and is produced
Negative pressure, eliminates bubble, is then directed into epoxy resin adhesive liquid, and carbon fiber unidirectional cloth enhancing silica-titania is obtained after the completion of infiltration
Airsetting adhesive plaster prepreg, with prepreg is sent into autoclave immediately, the tank pressure of autoclave is set to 0.5MPa, first in room
Temperature is risen to after 90 DEG C, in 90 to 180 DEG C of liter into 90 DEG C of heating ladder using 2.5 DEG C/minute of heating rate
Rise to 180 DEG C using 0.1 DEG C/minute of heating rate in warm ladder, and after the temperature 120 minutes with 2 DEG C/
The speed divided is down to less than 25 DEG C, takes out prepreg and obtains composite.
Embodiment 3.
According to patent CN2015102953891 method, zirconia aerogels mat, oxidation are strengthened with basalt fiber cloth
Zirconium aeroge mat size is 200mm*200mm*1mm, and wherein the density of zirconia aerogels is 110kg/m3, average pore size is
32nm, porosity is 90%, hydrophobic rate 99.8%.Polymer uses phenolic resin, takes phenolic resin 450g, hexamethylene tetramine
40g, polystyrene 67g, mix to obtain phenolic resin glue.Using winding shaping process, will, by phenolic resin glue immersion
The basalt fiber cloth enhancing zirconia aerogels strap of stain is wound on core according to certain rules, is then solidified, the demoulding turns into
Composite.Polishing dedusting japanning is carried out to the composite of curing molding.
1 fibre-reinforced aerogel of table-polymer composites test data
| Sequence number | Compression strength/Mpa | Hardness/HV |
| Embodiment 1 | 508 | 201 |
| Embodiment 1 is contrasted | 462 | 182 |
| Embodiment 2 | 580 | 215 |
| Embodiment 2 is contrasted | 520 | 195 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1230 | 840 |
| Embodiment 3 is contrasted | 1100 | 772 |
| Embodiment 4 | 2104 | 406 |
| Embodiment 4 is contrasted | 1975 | 361 |
Note：Comparative run is using composite obtained by similar fiber type and polymer and same combination process.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites, it is characterized in that, the composite is with fibre-reinforced airsetting
Glue is strengthening material, using polymer as matrix, and polymer is filled with the three-D nano hole structure of aeroge, forms polymer
The composite interweaved with aeroge three-dimensional network.
2. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fibre-reinforced aerogel, including airsetting adhesive plaster, gas
It is one or more of in gel paper, aerogel blanket, aerogel plate and aeroge shaped piece.
3. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described aeroge, density is 3 ~ 600kg/m3, average hole
Footpath is 2 ~ 100nm, and porosity is 50% ~ 99%, including silica aerogel, alumina aerogels, zirconia aerogels, titanium oxide
Aeroge, iron oxide aeroge, cobalt oxide aeroge, nickel oxide aeroge, cupric oxide aeroge, yittrium oxide aeroge, oxidation
Cerium aeroge, vanadium oxide aeroge, bismuth oxide aeroge, tin oxide aeroge, carbon aerogels, resorcinol formaldehyde aeroge, stone
It is one or more of in black alkene aeroge.
4. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber, it is fine that its component includes glass fibre, quartz
Dimension, high silica fiber, alumina silicate fibre, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fibre, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fibre, boron nitride are fine
Dimension, basalt fibre, brucite fiber and atapulgite fibres, boron fibre, carbon fiber, CNT, aramid fiber, polyamides are sub-
It is one or more of in amine fiber, superhigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, wire.
5. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber, its form includes continuous fiber, be chopped fibre
Dimension, whisker, one-way fiber fabric, two-dimensional fiber woven cloth, three-dimensional fiber woven cloth, fiber non-woven, fibrofelt, fiberboard,
It is one or more of in fiber honeycomb plate, fiber shaped piece.
6. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polymer is thermosetting resin, including insatiable hunger
With polyester resin, vinylite, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bimaleimide resin, polyimide resin, melamine
Amine-formaldehyde resins, furane resins, polybutadiene, polybenzimidazole resin, cyanate resin, one kind of organic siliconresin or
It is several.
7. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polymer is thermoplastic resin, including polypropylene,
Makrolon, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether sulfone, polyethylene, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene, polyisobutene, polychlorostyrene second
One or more in alkene, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacetal resin.
8. composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polymer is rubber, including natural rubber, butylbenzene
Rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, nitrile rubber, EP rubbers, neoprene, silicon rubber, chloro rubber, fluorubber, chlorine ether
It is one or more of in rubber, polyurethane rubber, polysulfide rubber, ACM.
9. a kind of preparation method according to any fibre-reinforced aerogel-polymer composites of claim 1 to 8, it is special
Levying is, preparation process comprises the following steps：
（1）Lay fibre-reinforced aerogel；
（2）Polymer latex immersion is seeped into fibre-reinforced aerogel；
（3）Normal temperature forms composite after being heating and curing.
10. the preparation method of composite according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, step（2）It is described by polymer with it is fine
Dimension enhancing aeroge be combined, combination process include hand pasting forming, Wrapping formed, pultrusion, vacuum-bag process, pressure bag into
Type, resin transfer molding, sheet molding compound shaping, Resin Film Infusion shaping, injection molding, injection moulding, it is laminated into type,
It is one or more of in compression molding, autoclave molding.
Priority Applications (1)
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