CN107029124B - 一种用于治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法,该中药组合物的有效成分是由如下重量配比的原料药制成:生地20‑30份、山萸肉5‑15份、杜仲5‑15份、天麻15‑25份、三七1‑5份、丹皮5‑15份、山楂20‑40份、泽泻20‑40份、牛膝10‑20份。本发明中药组合物,可以被制备成常用的内服剂型和保健品,具有补肾平肝的功效,达到降低血压的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物及其制备方法,属于中医药领域。
背景技术
高血压是危害人类健康最常见的心血管疾病之一,国内大约有2亿高血压病患者,每年因血压升高有关的心血管病死亡数高达233万。降压药物已有很多选择,但由于大多数患者病情复杂,往往需要终生用药和联合药物治疗。其不同程度的不良反应在很多患者身上常常有所表现。无论是美国高血压预防、检测、评价和治疗全国联合委员会第8次报告(JNC8)着重推荐的血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素受体拮抗剂、利尿剂、钙拮抗剂,还是β受体阻滞剂、α受体阻滞剂,在发挥降压作用的同时,均存在一定副作用。阿司匹林可改善代谢综合征患者的高凝状态,但其胃肠道毒副作用是否能让许多无症状患者加以接受是一个问题。
中医药治疗在中度或重度高血压患者的降压效果上并不令人满意。但在以下几个方面有其不可取代的优势,包括改善症状,提高生活质量;平稳降压,减少危险事件;保护靶器官,预防并发症;联用西药,减量减毒增效。中医治疗具有多靶点、多途径整体综合调节特点,针对高血压患者,可以更好地预防并发症,保护靶器官,起到增效减毒的作用。且临床观察,患者长期预后较好。中医治疗有其天然的优势,应该加强临床及研究,总结经验和规律,以进一步改善患者的生活质量,延缓、预防和治疗其并发症。
在对高血压认识的基础上,我们认为高血压的基本病机是以肾虚为本,兼有脾虚,火证(心火、肝火)、饮证等。高血压患者在病机上以肾虚为主,其原因主要有:第一,高血压患者多为老年人,由于生理性改变,五脏虚损,肾精亏虚,常表现为生理性肾虚证。第二,老年高血压患者大多病程较长,而多同时合并有冠心病、高血脂、糖尿病等多种慢性疾病,长期的耗损均可导致肾精亏耗,累及肾阴、肾阳。第三,降压西药不良反应也可导致肾虚。如β受体阻滞剂具有负性心律、负性肌力作用,在中医学中属于泻药范畴,能泻心火、肝火,改善高血压病人心肝火旺状态,但容易导致虚证。研究表明。临床常见部分患者服用降压西药数年后,容易出现腰酸、腰重,下肢酸沉无力,男性勃起功能障碍等症状,这在降压药三联疗法及四联疗法患者中尤其明显。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种新的中药组合物,可以用于治疗原发性高血压。本发明目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明提供一种中药组合物,该组合物是由以下重量配比的原料药制成的:生地20-30份、山萸肉5-15份、杜仲5-15份、天麻15-25份、三七1-5份、丹皮5-15份、山楂20-40份、泽泻20-40份、牛膝10-20份。
优选的,各原料药的配比为:生地22-28份、山萸肉7-13份、杜仲7-13份、天麻18-22份、三七2-4份、丹皮7-13份、山楂20-30份、泽泻20-30份、牛膝13-17份。
更优选的,各原料药的配比为:生地25份、山萸肉10份、杜仲10份、天麻20份、三七3份、丹皮10份、山楂25份、泽泻25份、牛膝15份。
本发明中药组合物具有补肾平肝活血的功效,可用于治疗原发性高血压。依据中医理论,本发明的中药组合物可做以下方解。
生地:味甘苦,性寒,归心、肝、肾经。功为清热凉血,养阴生津,为君药;本品甘寒养阴,苦寒泄热,入肾经而滋阴降火。山萸肉(即“山茱萸”):味酸、涩,微温。归肝、肾经。有补益肝肾,收敛固涩之效,为臣药。本品酸微温质润,其性温而不燥,补而不峻,补益肝肾,既能益精,又可助阳,为平补阴阳之要药。杜仲:味甘性温,归肝、肾经。可补肝肾,强筋骨,为臣药。近年研究发现单用或配入复方治高血压病有较好效果。天麻:甘,平,归肝经。可息风止痉,平抑肝阳,祛风通络,为臣药。本品既息肝风,又平肝阳,为治眩晕、头痛之要药。不论虚证、实证,随不同配伍皆可应用。三七:甘温、微苦,入肝、胃经,化瘀止血,活血定痛,可助丹皮、山楂通脉行瘀,故为臣药。丹皮:性味苦寒,入心肝血分。善能清营分、血分实热,功能清热凉血止血,为臣药。牛膝:性平味苦甘酸,入肝肾经。可活血通经,补肝肾,强筋骨,利水通淋,引火下行,为臣药。山楂:味酸、甘,微温。归脾、胃、肝经。功可消食化积,行气散瘀,为佐药。本品性温兼入肝经血分,能通行气血,有活血祛瘀止痛之功。现代单用本品制剂治疗高血压病有较好疗效。泽泻:味甘性寒。归肾、膀胱经。可利水消肿,渗湿,泄热,为佐药。本品淡渗,其利水作用较强,治疗水湿停蓄之水肿,小便不利,性寒,既能清膀胱之热,又能泄肾经之虚火。诸药相伍,补肾于平肝并用,祛邪与扶正共聚,兼顾瘀血水饮,可补肾平肝,瘀血得散,水饮得出,针对高血压患者的核心病机,运用补肾平肝之法,不仅可以达到降压的目的,还能减少西药降压药的副作用,改善患者生活质量,为原发性高血压之肾虚肝阳上亢者标本兼治之剂。
本发明中药组合物可以按中医药传统工艺以水煎煮、取汤服用,也可以与药剂学上可接受的辅料结合后按一定生产工艺制成临床可以接受的口服剂型,如胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、口服液等。本发明的另一目的即在于提供该中药组合物的制备方法,该方法包括以下基本工艺过程:
1)按比例取除三七以外的原料药,混合均匀;
2)将混合原料药加水进行第一次加热提取,加水的重量与原料药的重量之比为6-12:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为2-5小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
3)将滤渣再进行1-2次加水提取,每次加水的重量与原料的重量之比为1-5:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为1-3小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
4)将各次提取所得滤液合并;
5)将三七粉碎成细粉,加入上述滤液中,混匀,获得混合药液;
6)将混合药液直接服用或按常规制剂工艺制成所需剂型。
为了节约能源、提高提取效率,在上述步骤2)中还可以将混合原料药加入水后先浸泡20-90min,再加热提取。步骤5中的三七细粉也可以直接服用而不必加入混合药液中制成制剂。
临床上,原发性高血压患者往往需要长期用药,制成固体制剂储存方便,服用便利,更适应市场需求,优选的剂型是胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂等。
技术效果
为验证本发明中药组合物治疗原发性高血压的效果,发明人进行了如下动物实验。
实验一:本发明中药组合物对高血压大鼠的影响
观察本发明中药组合物对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneous hypertensive rat,SHR)血压、心率及心室肥厚的影响。
1材料
1.1动物
选用健康清洁级12周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)50只,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,合格证号SCXK(京)2012-0001。
1.2药物
补肾降压方,按本发明最优方案由中国中医科学院广安门医院药剂科制作,每剂相当于生药:生地25克、山萸肉10克、杜仲10克、天麻20克、三七3克、丹皮10克、山楂25克、泽泻25克、牛膝15克,临用时配置成混悬液。
2方法
2.1分组及给药
以12周龄WKY大鼠为对照,将12周龄大鼠随机分为SHR空白组、大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组、卡托普利组,连续灌胃8周。SHR空白组(SHR组)每日予0.9%生理盐水1mL/100g灌胃法给药,普通饲料和自由饮水。大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组、卡托普利组每日予以相应药物(1mL/100g)。补肾降压大剂量每毫升相当于生药6.75g,补肾降压中剂量每毫升相当于生药3.375g,补肾降压小剂量每毫升相当于生药1.6825g,4℃冰箱保存。
2.3体重,血糖,血压,血脂测定
给药前测量血压1次,后每2周测血压1次(尾压法)。每周测体重1次。每2周尾静脉采血测量血糖1次。各组大鼠处死(采血后),立即剖取脏器,按常规放入10%福尔马林溶液中固定、脱水、石蜡包埋、切片和HE染色。其中血液进行生化分析,测定血脂。
2.6统计学方法
采用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析,实验结果以表示各组间差异比较采用单因素方差分析。
3结果:
3.1血压
卡托普利组及大、屮、小剂量组分别与空白组相比较,血压均有不同程度的降低,差异有统计学性意义。其屮卡托普利组降压幅度明显,与中、小剂量组相比差异有统计学性意义,而与大剂量组比较则无差异。
3.2心率
与空白组相比较,大剂量组心率下降幅度明显,差异有统计学性意义,而其余各组心率下降不显著。与卡托普利组相比,大剂量组心率下降明显,差异有统计学性意义,而其余各组心率下降不显著。
3.3左心室心肌质量指数
与SHR组相比,空白组、卡托普利组及大、中、小剂量组均显著升高,差异具有显著统一学意义;与空白组相比,SHR组出现显著性差异,具有显著统计学意义,而卡托普利组及大剂量组也显示有差异,具有统计学意义;与卡托普利组相比,SHR组显著降低,差异具有显著的统计学意义,而空白组显著增加,差异具有统计学意义。
实验二:本发明中药组合物对高血压伴糖脂代谢异常大鼠的影响
1材料
1.1动物选用健康清洁级5周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)20只,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,合格证号SCXK(京)2012-0001。
1.2补肾降压方按本发明最优方案由中国中医科学院广安门医院药剂科制作,每剂相当于生药:生地25克、山萸肉10克、杜仲10克、天麻20克、三七3克、丹皮10克、山楂25克、泽泻25克、牛膝15克,临用时配置成混悬液。4℃冰箱保存。链脲佐菌素(STZ)粉剂(Sigma公司,18883-66-4)。高糖高脂饲料:猪油15%+胆固醇6%+胆盐3号2%+丙基硫氧嘧啶0.2%+蔗糖15%+基础饲料71.8%,由北京科澳协力饲料有限公司提供,合格证号SCXK(京)2005-0007。
2方法
2.1造模除SHR组外,其余大鼠高糖高脂饲料饲养8周。将STZ按说明溶于柠檬酸缓冲液中,pH4.5,现用现配。8周后给予自发性高血压合并高糖高脂模型大鼠腹腔内注射小剂量STZ(30mg·kg-1)。注射STZ12小时后,尾静脉采血糖>11.1mmol/L,即为造模成功,成模率为100%。
2.2分组及给药各组动物适应性喂养1周后,后予实验室喂养8周,14周龄开始给药,连续给药8周。SHR空白组(SHR组)每日予0.9%生理盐水1mL/100g灌胃法给药,普通饲料和自由饮水。其余各组予高糖高脂饲料和自由饮水,SHR高糖高脂组(模型组)每日ig 0.9%生理盐水(1mL/100g);卡托普利+SHR高糖高脂组(卡托组),(补肾降压组)每日ig相应药物(1mL/100g)。
2.3体重,血糖,血压,血脂测定给药前测量血压1次,后每2周测血压1次(尾压法)。每周测体重1次。每2周尾静脉采血测量血糖1次。各组大鼠处死(采血后),立即剖取脏器,按常规放入10%福尔马林溶液中固定、脱水、石蜡包埋、切片和HE染色。其中血液进行生化分析,测定血脂。
2.4统计学方法采用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析,实验结果以表示各组间差异比较采用单因素方差分析。
3结果
3.1补肾降压方对各组SHR大鼠血压的影响给药第4周,大鼠血压出现了一定变化。给药后,模型组较SHR组有明显升高(P<0.05);卡托组较模型组有显著下降(P<0.05)。补肾组较给药前变化不大,较卡托组为高。给药8周后,大鼠血压有明显变化。与SHR组比较,模型组血压明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),卡托组和补肾组有明显降低,其中卡托组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,卡托组和补肾组都有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与卡托组比较,补肾组有升高的趋势。见表1。
由血压变化曲线可以看出,SHR组血压稳步上升,模型组血压同样稳定上升,较SHR组血压为高,卡托组血压前四周血压降低较快,而补肾组血压保持较为稳定。
注:与SHR组比较,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01;与模型组比较,3)P<0.05,4)P<0.01;与卡托组比较,5)P<0.05,6)P<0.01(表2~5同)。
3.2补肾降压方对各组SHR大鼠体重、血糖、胰岛素、血脂的影响血糖比较中,与SHR组相比,模型组,卡托组,补肾组均有显著升高,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,卡托组和补肾组有显著性降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而卡托组影响更大。与卡托组比较,补肾组有一定升高趋势,但无显著性差异。胰岛素比较中,与SHR组相比,模型组,卡托组,补肾组均有降低,模型组与补肾组有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组相比,卡托组和补肾组皆有升高,其中卡托组有显著性差异(P<0.05),而补肾组无显著性差异。见表2。
与SHR组比较,模型组,卡托组,补肾组TC,HDL,LDL均有明显升高,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,卡托组和补肾组TC,HDL,LDL均无显著性差异。与卡托组比较,补肾组TC有降低的趋势,但无显著性差异。而补肾组TG较SHR组为高,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。见表3。
3.3补肾降压方对合并高糖高脂SHR大鼠心肌组织病理形态学改变的影响心肌组织HE染色光镜下观察可见,SHR大鼠心肌纤维增厚,屈曲,边界已显模糊;模型组大鼠心肌纤维肿胀、断裂、排列紊乱,边界不清,胞核不均,细胞间连接疏松,可见局部炎症细胞浸润,且有局灶性坏死,并有粥样斑块;卡托组大鼠上述情况明显减轻,接近正常;补肾+高糖脂SHR大鼠心肌组织得到改善。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
处方:生地20g、山萸肉5g、杜仲5g、天麻15g、三七1g、丹皮5g、山楂20g、泽泻20g、牛膝10g。
用法:取全部原料药,加水煎煮2次,第一次加水10倍量煎煮1小时,第二次加水6倍量煎煮0.5小时,合并两次煎液,即得。口服,每日一剂。
实施例2:
处方:生地30g、山萸肉15g、杜仲15g、天麻25g、三七5g、丹皮15g、山楂40g、泽泻40g、牛膝20g。
用法:同实施例1。
实施例3:
处方:生地20g、山萸肉15g、杜仲15g、天麻15g、三七5g、丹皮15g、山楂40g、泽泻20g、牛膝10g。
用法:同实施例1。
实施例4:
处方:生地22g、山萸肉7g、杜仲7g、天麻18g、三七2g、丹皮7g、山楂20g、泽泻20g、牛膝13g。
用法:取全部原料药,加水煎煮3次,第一次加水12倍量煎煮1.5小时,第二、三次加水6倍量煎煮0.5小时,合并三次煎液,即得。口服,每日一剂。
实施例5:
处方:生地28g、山萸肉13g、杜仲13g、天麻22g、三七4g、丹皮13g、山楂30g、泽泻30g、牛膝17g。
制法:同实施例4。
实施例6:
处方:生地22g、山萸肉7g、杜仲13g、天麻22g、三七4g、丹皮13g、山楂20g、泽泻20g、牛膝13g。
制法:同实施例4。
实施例7:
处方:生地25kg、山萸肉10kg、杜仲10kg、天麻20kg、三七3kg、丹皮10kg、山楂25kg、泽泻25kg、牛膝15kg。
制法:1)按比例取除三七以外的原料药,混合均匀;
2)将混合原料药加水进行第一次加热提取,加水的重量与原料药的重量之比为12:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为5小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
3)将滤渣再进行2次加水提取,每次加水的重量与原料的重量之比为5:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为3小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
4)将各次提取所得滤液合并;
5)将三七粉碎成细粉,加入上述滤液中,混匀,获得混合药液;
6)将混合药液加入相应辅料后制成颗粒剂。
实施例8:
处方:生地25kg、山萸肉10kg、杜仲10kg、天麻20kg、三七3kg、丹皮10kg、山楂25kg、泽泻25kg、牛膝15kg。
制法:1)按比例取除三七以外的原料药,混合均匀;
2)将混合原料药加水进行第一次加热提取,加水的重量与原料药的重量之比为6:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为2小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
3)将滤渣再进行1次加水提取,每次加水的重量与原料的重量之比为1:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为1小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
4)将各次提取所得滤液合并;
5)将三七粉碎成细粉,加入上述滤液中,混匀,获得混合药液;
6)将混合药液加入相应辅料后制成胶囊剂。
实施例9:
处方:生地25kg、山萸肉10kg、杜仲10kg、天麻20kg、三七3kg、丹皮10kg、山楂25kg、泽泻25kg、怀牛膝15kg。
制法:1)按比例取除三七以外的原料药,混合均匀;
2)将混合原料药加水进行第一次加热提取,加水的重量与原料药的重量之比为8:1,加热温度为85-95℃,加热提取时间为3小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
3)将滤渣再进行2次加水提取,每次加水的重量与原料的重量之比为3:1,加热温度为85-95℃,加热提取时间为1小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
4)将各次提取所得滤液合并;
5)将三七粉碎成细粉,加入上述滤液中,混匀,获得混合药液;
6)将混合药液加入相应辅料后制成丸剂。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于治疗原发性高血压的中药组合物,其特征在于该中药组合物是由以下重量配比的原料药制成的:生地20-30份、山萸肉5-15份、杜仲5-15份、天麻15-25份、三七1-5份、丹皮5-15份、山楂20-40份、泽泻20-40份、牛膝10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于各原料药的配比为:生地22-28份、山萸肉 7-13份、杜仲7-13份、天麻18-22份、三七2-4份、丹皮7-13份、山楂20-30份、泽泻20-30份、牛膝13-17份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于各原料药的配比为:生地25份、山萸肉10份、杜仲10份、天麻20份、三七3份、丹皮10份、山楂25份、泽泻25份、牛膝15份。
4.制备权利要求1、2或3所述中药组合物的方法,其特征在于该方法含有如下步骤:
1)按比例取除三七以外的原料药,混合均匀;
2)将混合原料药加水进行第一次加热提取,加水的重量与原料药的重量之比为6-12:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为2-5小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
3)将滤渣再进行1-2次加水提取,每次加水的重量与原料的重量之比为1-5:1,加热温度为80-100℃,加热提取时间为1-3小时,最后将提取液过滤,收集滤液;
4)将各次提取所得滤液合并;
5)将三七粉碎成细粉,加入上述滤液中,混匀,获得混合药液;
6)将混合药液直接服用或按常规制剂工艺制成所需剂型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中将混合原料药加入水后先浸泡20-90min,之后再加热提取。
6.权利要求1、2或3所述中药组合物在制备用于治疗或预防原发性高血压的药物中的应用。
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CN103830583A (zh) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-06-04 | 李玉明 | 一种适用于肾性高血压的中草药制剂 |
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