CN106990517B - Large-relative-aperture long-focus uncooled infrared athermalized optical system - Google Patents
Large-relative-aperture long-focus uncooled infrared athermalized optical system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007516 diamond turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0808—Convex mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0055—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras employing a special optical element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/008—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras designed for infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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Abstract
The uncooled infrared athermalized optical system with large relative aperture and long focal length is arranged in front of a focal plane in the light propagation direction and consists of a main reflector, a secondary reflector, a first positive crescent lens, a second positive crescent lens, a refraction/diffraction mixed lens, a movable lens and a second negative crescent lens which are coaxially arranged in parallel. The invention adopts a card system to increase the optical path through multiple reflections of light rays, thereby realizing long coking of an optical system. It is provided withF # :1; focal length: 500mm; blocking the center: less than or equal to 0.3; optical total length to focal length ratio: less than or equal to 0.64. Through secondary imaging, the influence of stray light on the imaging quality of the system can be effectively inhibited. The characteristics of negative dispersion and negative thermal expansion coefficient of the diffraction element are utilized, through reasonable distribution of focal power of the refraction/diffraction mixing element, defocusing amount of an infrared optical system caused by temperature change is reduced, and meanwhile, the defocusing compensation of an image plane of the system in a temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ is realized by combining with mechanical active athermalization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of uncooled infrared imaging, and particularly relates to an uncooled infrared athermalized optical system with a large relative aperture and a long focal length.
Background
With the development and progress of the technology, the pixel size of the uncooled infrared system is continuously reduced, the sensitivity is continuously improved, and the price is gradually reduced. In addition, because the system does not need a refrigerator, the system has high reliability and can realize miniaturization, and the system is more and more widely applied to the fields of security monitoring, vehicle-mounted monitoring and the like.
However, the uncooled infrared system has low temperature resolution and poor detection capability, and in order to improve the temperature resolution and the target detection capability of the system, the infrared optical system is required to have a large relative aperture and a long focal length.
The existing uncooled infrared lens has short focal length, low resolving power to a target, large volume and heavy weight. The invention aims to provide an infrared athermalization optical system with large relative aperture and long focus, which realizes large relative aperture and long focus and can image in a wide temperature range.
Chinese patent application No. 201510396800.4 discloses a large-caliber long-focus catadioptric non-refrigeration infrared imaging system, which is not designed without thermalization. In practical application, the curvature, thickness and refractive index of the infrared optical element are changed when the temperature is changed, so that the system is out of focus, the imaging quality of the infrared optical system is reduced, and the imaging quality of a large-aperture system is seriously affected, even the imaging cannot be clearly performed. In addition, the system adopts a one-time imaging design mode, and the influence of stray light on the imaging of the optical system cannot be effectively inhibited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a long-focus infrared optical system with a large relative aperture, under the condition that the system volume is not increased, a cassette system is adopted to increase the optical path through multiple reflections of light rays, so that the long coking of the optical system is realized, and the secondary imaging is utilized, so that the influence of stray light on the imaging quality of the system can be effectively inhibited while the aperture of the front end of the system is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the specific scheme that:
a large-relative-aperture long-focus uncooled infrared athermalized optical system is arranged in front of a focal plane in the light propagation direction and consists of a clamping system and a secondary imaging system which are coaxially arranged, wherein the clamping system comprises a main reflector and a secondary reflector which are arranged in parallel, light is converged on a primary imaging point after being reflected by the main reflector and the secondary reflector in sequence, the secondary imaging system images the primary imaging point on the focal plane, and the primary imaging point is positioned between the main reflector and the secondary reflector; in the light transmission direction, the secondary imaging system is composed of a first positive crescent lens, a second positive crescent lens, a refraction/diffraction mixed lens, a movable lens and a negative crescent lens which are coaxially arranged in front and back.
Preferably, the first positive crescent lens and the second positive crescent lens are both curved to the object side, and the movable lens and the negative crescent lens are both curved to the image side.
Preferably, the refraction/diffraction hybrid lens comprises a negative crescent-shaped lens body, the lens body is bent towards the object, and the emergent surface of the lens body is an aspheric surface superposition diffraction surface.
Preferably, the equation of the aspheric superimposed diffraction surface is:
wherein c is 5 Is a curvature of r 5 Is a radial coordinate, k, perpendicular to the optical axis 5 Is a conic constant, A 5 Is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B 5 Is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C 5 Is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Is the diffraction surface coefficient, λ 0 To design the center wavelength.
Preferably, the main reflector and the secondary reflector are made of aluminum.
Preferably, the first positive crescent lens, the second positive crescent lens and the movable lens are made of single crystal germanium.
Preferably, the refraction/diffraction hybrid lens and the negative crescent lens are made of zinc selenide.
Preferably, the movable lens is moved in an axial direction for adjusting a position of the image plane.
Preferably, the optical system is a spectroscopical systemThe focal length of the system is f; focal length f of the primary mirror 1 F is more than 0.76 1 F is less than 0.78; focal length f of the secondary mirror 2 Satisfies-4.17 < f 2 F < -1.87; focal length f of the first positive crescent lens 3 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.13 3 F is less than 0.15; focal length f of the second positive crescent lens 4 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.10 4 F is less than 0.13; a combined focal length f of the first and second positive crescent lenses 34 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.08 34 F is less than 0.1; focal length f of the hybrid catadioptric/diffractive lens 5 Satisfies-0.74 < f 5 F is less than-0.46; focal length f of the movable lens 6 F is more than 0.09 6 F is less than 0.13; focal length f of the negative crescent lens 7 F is more than-0.65 7 F is less than-0.38; the combined focal length f of the refraction/diffraction mixed lens, the movable lens and the negative crescent lens 567 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.09 567 /f＜0.12。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a card type system, and the optical path is increased by utilizing the multiple refraction of light rays under the condition of unchanged system volume through the matching of the main reflector and the secondary reflector, thereby increasing the focal length of the optical system and realizing long coking;
2. through secondary imaging, the influence of stray light on the imaging effect of the system can be inhibited, and the image quality is effectively improved;
3. by reasonably selecting the focal power and the interval of the main reflector and the secondary reflector, the central obscuration of the system is less than or equal to 0.3, the light energy utilization rate is effectively improved, and the influence of the central obscuration on the image quality of the optical system is reduced;
4. by arranging the movable lens, the position of the image plane of the optical system can be finely adjusted by moving the movable lens, and the image plane of the optical system is adjusted to the position of the focal plane of the detector under the condition of different object distances, so that the defocusing of the optical system caused by the change of the distance of an observed target is compensated. Meanwhile, the lens can be combined with optical athermalization to compensate image plane movement caused by temperature change, so that the number of lenses required by pure optical athermalization is reduced, and the complexity of the lens is reduced;
5. image plane defocusing compensation of the system caused by temperature change in the temperature range of-40 ℃ to +60 ℃ is realized by adopting a mode of combining optical passive athermalization and mechanical active athermalization;
6. by utilizing the characteristics of negative dispersion and negative thermal expansion coefficient of the diffraction element and through reasonable distribution and matching of the focal power of the refraction/diffraction mixing element, the defocusing amount of the infrared optical system caused by temperature change is reduced, the compensation amount of a temperature compensation mechanism is reduced, the structure of the optical system is effectively simplified, and therefore, the weight is reduced, and the volume of the system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the transfer function of the present invention at-40 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the transfer function of the present invention at 20 ℃;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the transfer function of the present invention at 60 ℃;
FIG. 5 is a field curvature distortion plot of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the phase period versus radial distance for a diffraction element of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. the reflection mirror comprises a main reflection mirror, 2, a secondary reflection mirror, 3, a first positive crescent lens, 4, a second positive crescent lens, 5, a refraction/diffraction mixed lens, 6, a movable lens, 7, a negative crescent lens and 8, and a focal plane.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the uncooled infrared athermalizing optical system with large relative aperture and long focal length is arranged in front of a focal plane 8 in the light propagation direction and comprises a clamping system and a secondary imaging system which are coaxially arranged, wherein the clamping system is used for converging and compressing light to complete primary imaging, and the secondary imaging system is used for inhibiting the influence of stray light on the integral imaging of the system and improving the imaging quality.
The card type system comprises a main reflector 1 and a secondary reflector 2 which are arranged in parallel, light rays are converged on a primary imaging surface after being reflected by the main reflector 1 and the secondary reflector 2 in sequence, and a primary image is located between the main reflector 1 and the secondary reflector 2.
The secondary imaging system images a primary image on a focal plane 8, and consists of a first positive crescent lens 3, a second positive crescent lens 4, a refraction/diffraction mixed lens 5, a movable lens 6 and a negative crescent lens 7 which are coaxially arranged from front to back in the light propagation direction.
The total focal length of the optical system is f, and the focal length of each lens meets the following condition:
focal length f of the main mirror 1 1 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.76 1 F is less than 0.78; focal length f of the secondary mirror 2 2 Satisfies-4.17 < f 2 1.87 is smaller than f; focal length f of the first positive crescent lens 3 3 F is more than 0.13 3 F is less than 0.15; focal length f of the second positive crescent lens 4 4 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.10 4 F is less than 0.13; a combined focal length f of the first and second regular crescent lenses 3 and 4 34 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.08 34 F is less than 0.1; focal length f of the diffractive/refractive hybrid lens 5 5 Satisfies-0.74 < f 5 -0.46,/f; focal length f of movable lens 6 6 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.09 6 F is less than 0.13; focal length f of negative crescent lens 7 7 Satisfies-0.65 < f 7 F is less than-0.38; combined focal length f of refraction/diffraction hybrid lens 5, movable lens 6 and negative crescent lens 7 567 F is more than 0.09 567 /f＜0.12。
Preferably, the incidence surface of the second orthocrescent lens 4 is aspheric, and takes the Asphere surface type, and the equation is as follows:
wherein c is 4 Is a curvature of r 4 Is a radial coordinate, k, perpendicular to the optical axis 4 Is a conic constant, A 4 Is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B 4 Is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C 4 Are aspheric coefficients of order eight, D 4 Are aspheric coefficients of order ten.
Further, each parameter in the equation of the incident plane of the second regular crescent lens 4 is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The refraction/diffraction mixed lens 5 comprises a negative crescent lens body, the lens body bends to the object space, the emergent surface of the lens body is an aspheric surface superposed diffraction surface, namely the emergent surface of the lens body is an aspheric surface, a continuous relief structure is machined on the aspheric surface substrate by diamond turning to form the diffraction surface, and the equation is as follows:
wherein c is 5 Is a curvature of r 5 Is a radial coordinate, k, perpendicular to the optical axis 5 Is a conic constant, A 5 Is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B 5 Is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C 5 Is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Is the coefficient of the diffraction surface, /) 0 To design the center wavelength. Preferably, the respective parameters are as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The expansion coefficient of the diffraction surface satisfies:
the expansion coefficient of the lens body satisfies:
wherein
Is the coefficient of expansion, n and n, of the lens material 0 The refractive indices of the lens material and the ambient medium respectively,
is the temperature coefficient of the refractive index of the material.
Preferably, the shape, size parameters and material of each lens are as shown in table 3, where the unit of the radius of curvature, thickness and spacing is mm, and the radius of curvature of the parabolic and aspheric surfaces refers to the radius of curvature at the vertex.
TABLE 3
The technical indexes realized by the invention are as follows.
Adapting the detector pixel size: 17 μm;
the working wave band is as follows: 8-12 μm;
F # ：1；
focal length: 500mm;
blocking the center: less than or equal to 0.3;
optical total length to focal length ratio: less than or equal to 0.64.
Through simulation experiments, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, when the non-refrigeration detector with the selected pixel size of 17 microns and the pixel number of 640 multiplied by 512 corresponds to the spatial frequency of 30lp/mm, the transfer function of the invention is 0.5 at the lowest under the conditions of-40 ℃, 20 ℃ and +60 ℃; as shown in fig. 5, the distortion of the present invention is less than 1% in both magnitude and field of view. As shown in FIG. 6, the number of zones of the hybrid dioptric lens 5 is 3, and the size between the edge zones is 574 μm, which can be obtained by diamond turning.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a big uncooled infrared athermalization optical system of long focus of relative aperture sets up in the place ahead of focal plane (8) in the light propagation direction, comprises the card system and the secondary imaging system of coaxial setting, the card system is including main reflector (1) and secondary reflector (2) that set up side by side, and light assembles on the primary imaging point after the reflection of main reflector (1) and secondary reflector (2) in proper order, the secondary imaging system will once image the point formation of image on focal plane (8), its characterized in that: the primary imaging point is positioned between the main reflector (1) and the secondary reflector (2); in the light propagation direction, the secondary imaging system consists of a first positive crescent lens (3), a second positive crescent lens (4), a refraction/diffraction mixed lens (5), a movable lens (6) and a negative crescent lens (7) which are coaxially arranged from front to back; the refraction/diffraction mixed lens (5) comprises a negative crescent lens body, the lens body is bent to the object space, and the emergent surface of the lens body adopts an aspheric surface superposition diffraction surface.
2. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first positive crescent lens (3) and the second positive crescent lens (4) are both bent to the object side, and the movable lens (6) and the negative crescent lens (7) are both bent to the image side.
3. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the equation of the aspheric surface superposition diffraction surface is as follows:
wherein c is 5 Is a curvature of r 5 Is a radial coordinate, k, perpendicular to the optical axis 5 Is a conic constant, A 5 Is a fourth order aspheric coefficient, B 5 Is a sixth order aspheric coefficient, C 5 Is an eighth order aspheric coefficient; HOR is the diffraction order, C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Is the coefficient of the diffraction surface, /) 0 To design the center wavelength.
4. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the main reflector (1) and the secondary reflector (2) are made of aluminum.
5. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first positive crescent lens (3), the second positive crescent lens (4) and the movable lens (6) are made of single crystal germanium.
6. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the refraction/diffraction mixed lens (5) and the negative crescent lens (7) are made of zinc selenide.
7. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as defined in claim 1, wherein: the movable lens (6) moves along the axial direction and is used for adjusting the position of an image surface.
8. A large relative aperture long focal length uncooled infrared athermalized optical system as defined in claim 1, wherein: taking the focal length of the optical system as f;
focal length f of the main mirror (1) 1 F is more than 0.76 1 /f＜0.78；
Focal length f of the secondary reflector (2) 2 F is more than-4.17 2 /f＜-1.87；
A focal length f of the first regular crescent lens (3) 3 Satisfies 0.13 < (f 3 /f＜0.15；
The focal length f of the second regular crescent lens (4) 4 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.10 4 /f＜0.13；
A combined focal length f of the first and second positive crescent lenses (3, 4) 34 Satisfies the condition of 0.08 < f 34 /f＜0.1；
Focal length f of the hybrid refractive/diffractive lens (5) 5 Satisfies-0.74 < f 5 /f＜-0.46；
The focal length f of the movable lens (6) 6 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.09 6 /f＜0.13；
The focal length f of the negative crescent lens (7) 7 Satisfies-0.65 < f 7 /f＜-0.38；
The combined focal length f of the refraction/diffraction mixed lens (5), the movable lens (6) and the negative crescent lens (7) 567 Satisfies the condition that f is more than 0.09 567 /f＜0.12。
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| CN100498414C (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-10 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Refraction-diffraction mixed telescope optical system |
| CN102540436B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical-compensation athermalizing long-wave infrared optical system |
| CN104965299B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-04-26 | 山东神戎电子股份有限公司 | Large-aperture long-focal length reentry type uncooled infrared imaging system |
| CN207008169U (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-02-13 | 凯迈（洛阳）测控有限公司 | A kind of object lens of large relative aperture long-focus uncooled ir is without thermalization optical system |
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