CN106977176A - 一种利用高钙粉煤灰低温烧成陶瓷砖的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用高钙粉煤灰低温烧成陶瓷砖的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用粉煤灰烧制备陶瓷砖的方法,包括如下步骤:1)将高钙粉煤灰加入到40-150g/L的可溶性碱溶液体系反应;2)将步骤1)中反应后的浆液过滤、洗涤,得到的滤渣为表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰;3)将表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与黏土、熔剂类原料配料磨细;4)造粒;5)将步骤4)中球状粉料在模具中成型,干燥后得到陶瓷砖生坯;6)将步骤5)中得到的陶瓷砖生坯经升温、保温和冷却制得陶瓷砖。本发明制备所得陶瓷砖具有低温烧成的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业固体废弃物综合利用和新型建筑陶瓷材料发明领域,具体涉及综合利用工业固体废弃物高钙粉煤灰的新方法。
背景技术
粉煤灰是大型火力发电厂燃煤后排放的一种固体废弃物,其已成为我国最大单一固体污染源。
高钙粉煤灰是火力发电厂采用褐煤、次烟煤作为燃料时排放出的一种氧化钙含量较高的粉煤灰。近年来,随着电力工业的飞速发展,越来越多的大型发电机组已投入运行,更多的具有高挥发分的褐煤、次烟煤被用作动力燃料。在某些地区,高钙粉煤灰的排放量已远远超过了低钙粉煤灰,迫使人们将注意力更多地投入高钙粉煤灰的开发利用中去。
近年来,我国房地产行业迅猛发展,与此相关联的陶瓷砖生产行业也发生着日新月异的变化。然而随着陶瓷砖产量的大幅增长,陶瓷砖生产中所用到的黏土类原料和熔剂类原料也日益匮乏。陶瓷砖生产行业原料供需矛盾日益突出。
高钙粉煤灰的化学组成和物相组成与陶瓷砖原料相近,针对这种高钙粉煤灰利用不足,陶瓷砖生产原料资源紧缺的问题,如何把高钙粉煤灰利用到陶瓷砖生产中已经成为人们普遍关注的问题。
高钙粉煤灰具有粒度细、玻璃体含量高、熔点低、反应活性高的特点,利用其作为原料时可以低温烧成陶瓷产品。但是高钙灰跟普通粉煤灰一样是一种瘠性料,利用其作为陶瓷生产原料时必须解决其塑性差的问题。中国专利申请CN2015104390434公布了一种粉煤灰基瓷质砖的制备方法,通过碱液预处理提升了粉煤灰的可塑性,解决了粉煤灰基陶瓷砖在生产过程中坯体强度低的问题,成功地将干燥合格率从85%提升到99%以上。但是仍然存在烧成温度高,生产成本高的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对火力发电厂燃烧褐煤或者次烟煤等劣质煤产生的高钙粉煤灰进行表面改性的方法,从而增加其可塑性,并且利用改性后的高钙粉煤灰作为生产原料,经过低温烧成制备新型建筑陶瓷材料。
本发明提供的利用高钙粉煤灰低温烧成制备环境友好型生态陶瓷砖的方法包括如下步骤:
1)将高钙粉煤灰加入到40-150g/L的可溶性碱溶液体系,反应温度为50-200℃,液固比为2-8,反应时间为0.5-2h;
2)将步骤1)中反应后的浆液过滤、洗涤,得到的滤渣为表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰;
3)将表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与黏土、熔剂类原料配料,加水混合磨细得到湿磨后的浆液,或者不加水干磨;
4)将步骤3)中湿磨后的浆液干燥并造粒为含水5-10%的球状粉料,或者将步骤3)中干磨后得到的粉料加水并造粒为含水5-10%的球状粉料,将前述球状粉料入料仓陈腐以备用;
5)将步骤4)中球状粉料在模具中成型,干燥后得到陶瓷砖生坯;
6)将步骤5)中得到的陶瓷砖生坯经升温、保温和冷却制得陶瓷砖。
优选的,所述高钙粉煤灰中CaO的含量大于5wt%。
优选的,所述可溶性碱为氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠。
优选的,所述步骤3)中将配料湿磨至粒径小于二十目或将配料干磨至小于二十目。
优选的,步骤1)所采用可溶性碱溶液为NaOH溶液或KOH溶液。
优选的,步骤3)中的原料包括表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰20-90wt%、黏土类原料10-50wt%、熔剂类原料10-50wt%。
优选的,步骤6)中,烧制陶质砖时的烧成温度范围为900-1100℃,烧制瓷质砖时的烧成温度范围为1000-1200℃,升温速度为100-1000℃/h,烧成过程最高温度的保温时间为0.1-3h。
优选的,所述熔剂类原料包括长石原料、滑石、碳酸盐类原料、硅灰石原料、萤石、硼砂与硼酸中的一种或多种。
优选的,步骤5)中所述成型压力为20-80MPa。
本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、通过表面改性预处理技术提升了高钙粉煤灰的可塑性,解决了高钙粉煤灰基陶瓷砖在生产过程中生坯强度低的问题,提高了生坯合格率,符合大规模生产时对陶瓷砖生坯强度的要求。
2、实现了高钙粉煤灰的高附加值利用,高钙粉煤灰的掺加量可达90%,解决了大量高钙粉煤灰堆积污染环境的问题,同时也为陶瓷砖生产中紧缺的黏土类原料和长石类原料找到了替代资源,具有重要的经济、社会和环保意义。
3、本发明采用的烧成温度低,属于低温烧成工艺,可大范围节省陶瓷砖生产过程中的能耗,降低了生产成本,具有经济性优势。
4、本发明制备所得陶质砖吸水率介于10-20%之间、抗折强度远大于15MPa,线收缩率小于1.2%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
5、本发明制备所得瓷质砖吸水率小于0.5%、抗折强度远大于35MPa,线收缩率小于20%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图;
具体实施方式
下面以附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
本实例采用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟某火力发电厂高钙粉煤灰,其主要成分为42.25%的SiO2、14.94%的Al2O3、5.35%的CaO和10.11%的Fe2O3。高钙粉煤灰基环境友好型生态陶质砖的生产根据图1的工艺流程。首先进行高钙粉煤灰的表面改性预处理,将高钙粉煤灰加入到80g/L的NaOH溶液体系,反应温度为90℃,液固比为4,反应时间为1h。将浆液过滤、洗涤,得到表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与膨润土、滑石、透辉石、重质碳酸钙按照50%、25%、20%、4%、1%的比例进行配料,加入35%(球磨后浆液总质量的35%)的水和0.3%的三聚磷酸钠(干料质量的0.3%),球磨至化为均匀浆液(球磨后浆液经250目筛后筛余量约等于1%)。将浆液干燥至含水率为8%的球状粉料,并且球状粉料全部通过50目筛。陈腐24h后成型,成型压力为30MPa,成型后干燥(干燥合格率99.5%,坯体抗折6.03MPa,满足日常生产需要)。干燥后烧成,烧成温度为1100℃,保温10min。冷却后得到陶质砖产品,其吸水率为15.90%、抗折强度为26.40MPa,线收缩率为0.9%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
实施例2
本实例采用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟某火力发电厂高钙粉煤灰,其主要成分为51.45%的SiO2、22.30%的Al2O3、6.63%的CaO和4.47%的Fe2O3。高钙粉煤灰基环境友好型生态陶质砖的生产根据图1的工艺流程。首先进行高钙粉煤灰的表面改性预处理,将高钙粉煤灰加入到90g/L的NaOH溶液体系,反应温度为100℃,液固比为6,反应时间为2h。将浆液过滤、洗涤,得到表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与叶腊石、透辉石、膨润土、重质碳酸钙按照40%、20%、24%、15%、1%的比例进行配料,加入48%(球磨后浆液总质量的48%)的水和0.8%的硅酸钠(干料质量的0.8%),球磨至化为均匀浆液(球磨后浆液经250目筛后筛余量约等于1%)。将浆液干燥至含水率为10%的球状粉料,并且球状粉料全部通过50目筛。陈腐2h后成型,成型压力为25MPa,成型后干燥(干燥合格率99.6%,坯体抗折5.85MPa,满足日常生产需要)。干燥后烧成,烧成温度为900℃,保温60min。冷却后得到陶质砖产品,其吸水率为16.85%、抗折强度为23.50MPa,线收缩率为0.9%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
实施例3
本实例采用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟某火力发电厂高钙粉煤灰,其主要成分为55.57%的SiO2、21.47%的Al2O3、5.12%的CaO和6.80%的Fe2O3。高钙粉煤灰基环境友好型生态陶质砖的生产根据图1的工艺流程。首先进行高钙粉煤灰的表面改性预处理,将高钙粉煤灰加入到150g/L的NaOH溶液体系,反应温度为80℃,液固比为3,反应时间为0.5h。将浆液过滤、洗涤,得到表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与高岭土、钾长石、叶腊石按照40%、23%、20%、17%的比例进行配料,加入40%(球磨后浆液总质量的40%)的水和1%的腐植酸钠(干料质量的1%),球磨至化为均匀浆液(球磨后浆液经250目筛后筛余量约等于1%)。将浆液干燥至含水率为7%的球状粉料,并且球状粉料全部通过50目筛。陈腐12h后成型,成型压力为35MPa,成型后干燥(干燥合格率99.1%,坯体抗折6.00MPa,满足日常生产需要)。干燥后烧成,烧成温度为1020℃,保温25min。冷却后得到瓷质砖产品,其吸水率为0.14%、抗折强度为45.80MPa,线收缩率为12.09%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
实施例4
本实例采用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟某火力发电厂高钙粉煤灰,其主要成分为42.25%的SiO2、14.94%的Al2O3、5.35%的CaO和10.11%的Fe2O3。高钙粉煤灰基环境友好型生态陶质砖的生产根据图1的工艺流程。首先进行高钙粉煤灰的表面改性预处理,将高钙粉煤灰加入到120g/L的NaOH溶液体系,反应温度为200℃,液固比为5,反应时间为1.5h。将浆液过滤、洗涤,得到表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与膨润土、滑石、透辉石、重质碳酸钙按照50%、25%、20%、1%、4%的比例进行配料,混合干磨为具备一定级配的干粉料(球磨后粉料经250目筛后筛余量约等于1%)。将干粉加水造粒为含水6%的球状粉料,并且球状粉料全部通过50目筛。陈腐1h后成型,成型压力为50MPa,成型后干燥(干燥合格率99.3%,坯体抗折5.95MPa,满足日常生产需要)。干燥后烧成,烧成温度为980℃,保温30min。冷却后得到陶质砖产品,其吸水率为17.50%、抗折强度为19.95MPa,线收缩率为0.9%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
实施例5
本实例采用山东德州某火力发电厂高钙粉煤灰,其主要成分为53.06%的SiO2、22.05%的Al2O3、9.76%的CaO和7.78%的Fe2O3。高钙粉煤灰基环境友好型生态陶质砖的生产根据图1的工艺流程。首先进行高钙粉煤灰的表面改性预处理,将高钙粉煤灰加入到100g/L的NaOH溶液体系,反应温度为95℃,液固比为7,反应时间为50min。将浆液过滤、洗涤,得到表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与高岭土、钾长石、叶腊石按照40%、20%、20%、20%的比例进行配料,混合干磨为具备一定级配的干粉料(球磨后粉料经250目筛后筛余量约等于1%)。将干粉加水造粒为含水8%的球状粉料,并且球状粉料全部通过50目筛。陈腐36h后成型,成型压力为40MPa,成型后干燥(干燥合格率99.5%,坯体抗折6.55MPa,满足日常生产需要)。干燥后烧成,烧成温度为1150℃,保温15min。冷却后得到陶质砖产品,其吸水率为0.05%、抗折强度为50.40MPa,线收缩率为13.65%,符合GB/T4100-2015质量要求。
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应该理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用粉煤灰烧制备陶瓷砖的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
1)将高钙粉煤灰加入到40-150g/L的可溶性碱溶液体系,反应温度为50-200℃,液固比为2-8,反应时间为0.5-2h;
2)将步骤1)中反应后的浆液过滤、洗涤,得到的滤渣为表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰;
3)将表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰与黏土、熔剂类原料配料,加水混合磨细得到湿磨后的浆液,或者不加水干磨;
4)将步骤3)中湿磨后的浆液干燥并造粒为含水5-10%并且具备一定粒度的球状粉料,或者将步骤3)中干磨后得到的粉料加水并造粒为含水5-10%并且具备一定粒度的球状粉料,将前述球状粉料入料仓陈腐以备用;
5)将步骤4)中球状粉料在模具中成型,干燥后得到陶瓷砖生坯;
6)将步骤5)中得到的陶瓷砖生坯经升温、保温和冷却制得陶瓷砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所采用碱溶液为NaOH或KOH溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中的原料配比为:表面改性后的高钙粉煤灰20-90wt%、黏土类原料10-50wt%、熔剂类原料10-50wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,步骤6)中,烧制陶质砖时的烧成温度范围为900-1100℃,烧制瓷质砖时的烧成温度范围为1000-1200℃,升温速度为100-1000℃/h,烧成过程最高温度的保温时间为0.1-3h。
5.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,所述熔剂类原料包括长石原料、滑石、碳酸盐类原料、硅灰石原料、萤石、硼砂与硼酸中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中得到的球状粉料粒度为小于二十目。
7.根据权利要求1所述利用粉煤灰烧制陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,步骤5)成型压力为20-80MPa。
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