CN106952640B - Broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling sound wave propagation path - Google Patents
Broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling sound wave propagation path Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000012814 acoustic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
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Abstract
A broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation junction for controlling a sound wave propagation path comprises at least one sound absorption and insulation unit, wherein each sound absorption and insulation unit comprises at least one sound wave convergence section and at least one sound wave absorption section. The acoustic wave convergence section is composed of an acoustic wave convergence cavity filled with acoustic materials, the cavity is a variable-section cavity, isotropic or anisotropic acoustic materials are filled in the cavity, and the anisotropic acoustic materials are composed of acoustic materials embedded into films or silk screens. The sound wave absorption section is formed by a sound wave absorption labyrinth channel filled with sound absorption materials, and the channel is a labyrinth-shaped single communication channel with a closed or open end and is communicated with the sound wave converging cavity. The acoustic wave convergence section controls the propagation path of acoustic waves through the section change of the cavity and the change of equivalent parameters of materials in the cavity, so that the acoustic waves are converged and propagated along a curve. The sound wave absorption section utilizes the ultra-long path of the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel, and the broadband high-efficiency sound absorption is realized through the filled sound absorption material and the arranged periodic local vibrators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration reduction and noise reduction, and relates to a broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a sound wave propagation path.
Background
The existing sound absorption and insulation structure has the common problems that under the condition of strictly limiting the thickness and weight of the structure, the sound absorption and insulation effect is good in medium frequency and high frequency bands, but the sound absorption and insulation effect is poor in low frequency bands, if the lower limit of the cut-off frequency of the low frequency sound absorption and insulation is expanded to be below 100Hz, and the performance of broadband sound absorption and insulation is considered, the design is very difficult. In order to solve the problem, the invention discloses a broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the sound wave propagation path based on new theories developed in recent years of acoustic transformation, acoustic metamaterials, phonon crystals and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the sound wave propagation path comprises at least one sound absorption and insulation unit, wherein each sound absorption and insulation unit comprises at least one sound wave convergence section and at least one sound wave absorption section.
The sound wave convergence section is formed by a sound wave convergence cavity filled with acoustic materials; the acoustic wave converging cavity is a variable-section cavity, and isotropic or anisotropic acoustic materials are filled in the variable-section cavity; the anisotropic acoustic material is composed of acoustic material embedded in a film or mesh.
The sound wave absorption section is formed by a sound wave absorption labyrinth channel filled with sound absorption materials; the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel is a labyrinth-shaped single communication channel with a closed or open tail end and is communicated with a sound wave convergence cavity of the sound wave convergence section; the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel can be designed into an elongated channel, adopts a single-layer or multi-layer or space spiral structural mode, and occupies all available space outside a sound wave convergence cavity in the sound absorption and insulation unit through tight arrangement such as roundabout, bending, coiling or lamination.
The sound wave absorption labyrinth channel of the sound wave absorption section is filled with sound absorption materials, and the filling scheme is as follows:
(1) Filling the same sound absorption material in the whole sound wave absorption labyrinth channel;
(2) Dividing the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel into a plurality of sections, and filling sound absorption materials with different material parameters in different sections;
(3) Dividing the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel into a plurality of sections, arranging local vibrators while filling the same or different sound absorption materials in each section of channel, wherein the local vibrators in different sections of channels have different natural frequencies, so that periodic local vibrators containing a plurality of different natural frequency points are formed in the whole channel;
(4) The same or different sound absorbing materials are filled in the sound absorbing labyrinth passages, and at the same time, films or screens or perforated plates are arranged therein at equal intervals or at variable intervals.
The local vibrator is a metal particle wrapped with soft material or a film with a metal sheet locally adhered.
The film is a non-porous film or a porous film, and comprises a metal film, a non-metal film, cotton cloth, chemical fiber, silk, linen, woolen cloth, blending, leather and the like.
The wire mesh includes a wire mesh and a non-wire mesh.
The acoustic material or the sound absorbing material is a gas material, a solid material or a liquid material, and comprises air, helium, silicone oil, castor oil, gel, polyurethane, polyester fiber, epoxy resin, foamed plastic, foamed metal, soft rubber, silicone rubber, sound absorbing rubber, butyl rubber, glass wool, glass fiber, felt, silk, cloth, micro-perforated plate and the like.
The invention discloses a broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a sound wave propagation path, which is a novel sound absorption and insulation structure based on the theory of acoustic transformation, acoustic metamaterial, phononic crystal and the like developed in recent years. The invention has the biggest innovation that the propagation path of the sound wave is controlled by the section change of the variable section cavity in the sound wave convergence section and the change of the equivalent parameters of the acoustic material in the cavity, so as to realize the convergence of the sound wave. To date, no sound absorption and insulation structure with the acoustic performance of enabling sound waves to propagate along curves and converge is found at home and abroad. Meanwhile, in the sound absorption and insulation unit, the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel can be designed into an elongated channel, and adopts a single-layer or multi-layer or space spiral structure type, and the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel occupies all available space outside a sound wave convergence cavity in the sound absorption and insulation unit through the tight arrangement measures such as roundabout, bending, coiling, lamination and the like, so that the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel has an ultra-long path which is tens of times or even hundreds of times of the thickness of the sound absorption and insulation structure. The ultra-long sound wave absorption labyrinth channel is filled with sound absorption materials, and periodic local vibrators are arranged, so that broadband high-efficiency sound absorption can be effectively realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a broadband ultrathin sound absorbing structure controlling the path of sound waves.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a broadband ultrathin sound insulation structure controlling the propagation path of sound waves.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a sound absorbing unit including a sound converging section and a sound absorbing section.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a sound insulation unit including two sound wave convergence sections and two sound wave absorption sections.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an acoustic convergence section.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an acoustic convergence section.
FIG. 7 is a single layer schematic of an acoustic wave absorbing maze channel.
FIG. 8 is a single layer schematic of an acoustic wave absorbing maze channel.
FIG. 9 is a single layer schematic of an acoustic wave absorbing maze channel.
In the figure: 1, an acoustic wave convergence section; 2 an acoustic wave absorption section; 3, back wall; 4, collecting acoustic materials filled in the cavity by using the sound waves; 5 a membrane or screen embedded in the acoustic material; 6 communicating holes between adjacent layers of the sound wave absorption maze channels which are arranged in a stacking mode; the sound wave absorbs the sound absorption material filled in the labyrinth channel; 8 sound wave absorbing labyrinth channel walls; 9 the interval between two sound wave absorption sections; 10 walls of the acoustic wave converging cavity; 11 acoustic wave absorbing labyrinth channels;
arrows in the figure indicate the propagation directions of the acoustic waves.
Detailed Description
Example 1: broadband ultrathin sound absorption structure for controlling sound wave propagation path
A plurality of sound absorbing units are arranged along the surface of the back wall 3 to form a broadband ultrathin sound absorbing structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves, as shown in fig. 1. Wherein each sound absorption unit comprises a sound wave convergence section 1 and a sound wave absorption section 2, and the structure is shown in fig. 3.
The acoustic wave convergence section 1 is constituted by an acoustic wave convergence cavity filled with an acoustic material. The cavity is a variable-section cavity, and the end face is a regular hexagon; the cavities are filled with the same acoustic material 4 and have a multilayer film 5 embedded therein at equal intervals.
The sound wave absorbing segment 2 is constituted by a sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 filled with a sound absorbing material 7, as shown in fig. 3 and 7. The sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 is an elongated single communication passage, and is detoured, bent, spiral, and laminated in the sound absorbing unit, and includes 5 layers in total, and adjacent layers are communicated through the communication hole 6. Here, fig. 7 is a single-layer schematic view of the acoustic wave absorbing maze channel 11 in the acoustic wave absorbing segment 2. In each sound-absorbing unit, the sound-absorbing labyrinth passage 11 occupies all the space available outside the sound-converging cavity 1, the total length being 100 times the thickness of the sound-absorbing unit. The sound wave absorption labyrinth passage 11 is divided into 50 sections, sound absorption rubber is filled in each section, and meanwhile, local vibrators are added in the sound absorption rubber and are composed of metal particles with different sizes and wrapping soft rubber.
The sound wave converging cavity in the sound wave converging section 1 is communicated with the sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 in the sound wave absorbing section 2.
Firstly, external sound waves enter a sound wave convergence section 1, and are converged through a sound wave convergence cavity and acoustic materials 4 and 5 filled in the cavity; then, the converged sound wave enters the sound wave absorbing segment 2, propagates in the ultra-long sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11, and is gradually absorbed by the sound absorbing material 7.
Example 2: broadband ultrathin sound absorption structure for controlling sound wave propagation path
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that (1) the sound wave converging section in the sound absorbing unit is shown in fig. 5, and the end face of the sound wave converging cavity is circular; (2) The single-layer structure of the sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 in the sound absorbing unit is shown in fig. 8.
Example 3: broadband ultrathin sound absorption structure for controlling sound wave propagation path
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that (1) the sound wave converging section in the sound absorbing unit is as shown in fig. 6, and the end face of the sound wave converging cavity is triangular; (2) The single-layer structure of the sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 in the sound absorbing unit is shown in fig. 9.
Example 4: broadband ultrathin sound insulation structure for controlling sound wave propagation path
The plurality of sound insulation units are arranged periodically to form a broadband ultrathin sound insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves, as shown in fig. 2. Each sound insulation unit comprises two sound wave convergence sections 1 and two sound wave absorption sections 2, and the structure is shown in fig. 4.
Each sound wave collecting segment 1 is formed by a sound wave collecting cavity filled with acoustic material. Wherein the cavity is a variable cross-section cavity, the end face is square, the acoustic material 4 in the cavity is air, and a plurality of layers of silks 5 are embedded in the cavity at equal intervals.
Each sound wave absorbing segment 2 is constituted by a sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 filled with a sound absorbing material 7, as shown in fig. 4. The sound wave absorbing labyrinth channel 11 is an elongated single communication channel, and is roundabout, bent and spiral in the sound insulation unit, and is laminated, and the sound wave absorbing labyrinth channel comprises 6 layers in total, and adjacent layers are communicated through communication holes 6. Here, fig. 4 is only a single-layer schematic view of the acoustic wave absorbing maze channel 11 in the acoustic wave absorbing section 2.
In each sound insulation unit, the sound wave absorption labyrinth channels 11 of the two sound wave absorption sections occupy all the space available outside the two sound wave convergence cavities 1, and the total length is 50 times the thickness of the sound insulation unit. The sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 of each sound wave absorbing section is filled with air while a film of a partially stuck metal sheet is added at a certain interval.
The sound wave converging cavity in the sound wave converging section 1 is communicated with the sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11 in the corresponding sound wave absorbing section 2.
Firstly, sound waves from two sides respectively enter sound wave convergence sections 1 at two sides, and are converged through sound wave convergence cavities and acoustic materials 4 and 5 filled in the cavities; the converged sound waves then enter the sound wave absorbing segments 2 on both sides, and propagate in the sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11. Sound waves at two sides are gradually absorbed by the sound absorbing material 7, so that sound insulation is realized.
Example 5: broadband ultrathin sound insulation structure for controlling sound wave propagation path
The main differences between this embodiment and embodiment 4 are: each sound insulation unit comprises two sound wave convergence sections 1 and one sound wave absorption section 2. The end face of the acoustic wave converging cavity is rectangular, and the material 4 filled in the cavity is a common acoustic material and is embedded into the multilayer silk screen 5 according to a variable interval; the single-layer structure of the acoustic wave absorbing maze channel 11 is shown in fig. 7. At this time, the sound waves from both sides of the sound insulation unit share one sound wave absorbing labyrinth passage 11, and the inlet of the sound wave on one side is the outlet of the sound wave on the other side.
Claims (9)
1. A broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a sound wave propagation path is characterized in that: the sound absorption and insulation unit comprises at least one sound absorption and insulation unit, wherein each sound absorption and insulation unit comprises at least one sound wave convergence section and at least one sound wave absorption section;
the sound wave convergence section is formed by a sound wave convergence cavity filled with acoustic materials; the acoustic wave converging cavity is a variable-section cavity, and isotropic or anisotropic acoustic materials are filled in the variable-section cavity;
the sound wave absorption section is formed by a sound wave absorption labyrinth channel filled with sound absorption materials; the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel is a labyrinth-shaped single communication channel with a closed or open tail end and is communicated with a sound wave convergence cavity of the sound wave convergence section; the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel adopts a single-layer or multi-layer or space spiral structure type, and occupies all available space outside the sound wave convergence cavity in the sound absorption and insulation unit through roundabout, bending, coiling or lamination and tight arrangement.
2. The broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves according to claim 1, wherein: the anisotropic acoustic material is composed of acoustic material embedded in a film or mesh.
3. The broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sound wave absorption labyrinth channel of the sound wave absorption section is filled with sound absorption materials, and the filling scheme is as follows:
(1) The whole sound wave absorbing labyrinth channel is filled with the same sound absorbing material;
(2) The sound wave absorption labyrinth channel is divided into a plurality of sections, and sound absorption materials with different filling material parameters are filled in different sections;
(3) The sound wave absorption labyrinth channel is divided into a plurality of sections, each section of channel is filled with the same or different sound absorption materials, meanwhile, local vibrators are arranged, and the local vibrators in different sections of channels have different natural frequencies, so that periodic local vibrators containing a plurality of different natural frequency points are formed in the whole channel;
(4) The sound wave absorbing labyrinth channels are filled with the same or different sound absorbing materials, and meanwhile, films or screens or perforated plates are arranged in the sound wave absorbing labyrinth channels at equal intervals or variable intervals.
4. A broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a propagation path of sound waves as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the local vibrator is a metal particle wrapped with soft material or a film with a metal sheet locally adhered.
5. The broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves according to claim 2 or 4, wherein: the film is a non-porous film or a porous film, and comprises a metal film, a non-metal film, cotton cloth, chemical fiber, silk, linen, woolen cloth, blending and leather; the wire mesh includes a wire mesh and a non-wire mesh.
6. A broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a propagation path of sound waves as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the film is a non-porous film or a porous film, and comprises a metal film, a non-metal film, cotton cloth, chemical fiber, silk, linen, woolen cloth, blending and leather; the wire mesh includes a wire mesh and a non-wire mesh.
7. The broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 6, wherein: the acoustic material or the sound absorbing material is a gas material, a solid material or a liquid material, and comprises air, helium, silicone oil, castor oil, gel, polyurethane, polyester fiber, epoxy resin, foamed plastic, foamed metal, soft rubber, silicone rubber, sound absorbing rubber, butyl rubber, glass wool, glass fiber, felt, silk, cloth and microperforated panel.
8. A broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling a propagation path of sound waves as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the acoustic material or the sound absorbing material is a gas material, a solid material or a liquid material, and comprises air, helium, silicone oil, castor oil, gel, polyurethane, polyester fiber, epoxy resin, foamed plastic, foamed metal, soft rubber, silicone rubber, sound absorbing rubber, butyl rubber, glass wool, glass fiber, felt, silk, cloth and microperforated panel.
9. The broadband ultrathin sound absorption and insulation structure for controlling the propagation path of sound waves according to claim 5, wherein: the acoustic material or the sound absorbing material is a gas material, a solid material or a liquid material, and comprises air, helium, silicone oil, castor oil, gel, polyurethane, polyester fiber, epoxy resin, foamed plastic, foamed metal, soft rubber, silicone rubber, sound absorbing rubber, butyl rubber, glass wool, glass fiber, felt, silk, cloth and microperforated panel.
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| CN203569714U (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-04-30 | 天津市联合环保工程设计有限公司 | Sound insulation board of multi-layer multi-cavity structure |
| CN203807964U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-09-03 | 上海然贝声学环保工程有限公司 | Sound barrier for urban rail transit |
| CN205211409U (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-05-04 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 | Microperforated panel combines super materials compound sound absorbing structure of acoustics |
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