CN106911013B - Array Antennas and Antenna Systems - Google Patents

Abstract

An array antenna and an antenna system. The array antenna forms a main beam, which is oriented toward a beam direction. The array antenna includes: a plurality of radiators, the plurality of radiators having a plurality of center lines, the plurality of radiators being arranged in a straight line, the straight line passing through the plurality of center lines; and a plurality of meandering members, the plurality of meandering members connecting the plurality of radiators; wherein the array antenna is arranged in a first plane, the beam direction has a non-zero offset angle with a normal direction, and the normal direction is perpendicular to the first plane. The antenna system of the present invention can achieve the same detection range in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane.

Description

Array Antennas and Antenna Systems

technical field

The present invention relates to an array antenna and an antenna system, in particular to an array antenna and an antenna system that achieve the same detection range in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

Background technique

The array antenna is an antenna system composed of multiple identical antennas arranged according to a certain rule, and by adjusting the placement of the antenna components in the array antenna, the array antenna can achieve a specific radiation pattern and concentrate the main beam in a specific direction for transmission. Signal. For example, for a vehicle radar system, its array antenna is usually set to perform two-dimensional detection in the horizontal direction. However, in practical applications, two-dimensional detection in only the horizontal direction may be subject to reflections from objects above the horizontal plane (such as billboards, traffic signs, bridges, buildings, etc.), which often cause false alarms due to hardware limitations. ), which reduces system performance. In this case, if a radio frequency system with three-dimensional scanning function can be provided for the vehicle radar system, and the detection in the horizontal and vertical directions can be performed at the same time, it will help to distinguish the reflection from the horizontal or vertical direction, increase the reliability of the system, and further reduce the error rate.

Traditionally, the most intuitive way to increase the detection function in different directions is to add an additional set of array antennas and adjust the placement of the antenna components to detect in the vertical direction. However, in the vehicle radar system, the wireless signal transceiver is installed inside the vehicle bumper or fan grille to perform applications such as ranging and information exchange. Since shock-absorbing styrofoam or fiberglass are usually installed in the vehicle bumper, the available space is extremely limited. It is bound to be difficult to add an additional set of array antennas. What's more, if the sales target of the automotive radar system is the after-car market, that is, the radar supplier will not be able to participate in the decision-making of the material and thickness of the bumper. The design requirements of the gain, area, radiation pattern, etc. will be more stringent.

In the prior art, a dual-polarized antenna system including a horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna has been developed to provide a three-dimensional scanning function in the horizontal and vertical directions. However, the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna of the conventional dual-polarized antenna system cannot achieve the same detection range, which reduces the system performance. In addition, the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna of the dual-polarized antenna system need to be individually designed, and can only be realized through a special stack structure in the manufacturing process, which has high design complexity and production cost.

Therefore, how to achieve the same detection range in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction has become one of the goals of the industry.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide an array antenna and an antenna system to meet the above requirements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an array antenna and an antenna system that can achieve the same detection range in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so as to improve the shortcomings of the known technology.

The invention discloses an array antenna, the array antenna forms a main beam, the main beam faces a beam direction, the array antenna comprises: a plurality of radiators, the plurality of radiators have a plurality of center lines, the plurality of radiators arranged in a straight line, the straight line runs through the plurality of center lines; and a plurality of meanders, the plurality of meanders are connected to the plurality of radiators; wherein, the array antenna is arranged on a first plane, the There is a non-zero offset angle between the beam direction and a normal direction perpendicular to the first plane.

The present invention also discloses an antenna system, which is arranged on a first plane, includes at least one offset array antenna, and forms at least one offset main beam, the at least one offset main beam faces at least one offset beam direction; and at least one offset beam direction; a first array antenna forming at least one first main beam, the at least one first main beam faces at least one first beam direction; wherein the at least one first beam direction and the at least one offset beam direction have a non-zero difference Poor angle.

The present invention also discloses an antenna system, the antenna system is arranged on a first plane, the antenna system includes: at least one array antenna, the at least one array antenna forms at least one main beam, and the at least one main beam faces at least one beam direction ; And at least one offset array antenna, the at least one offset array antenna forms at least one offset main beam, the at least one offset main beam is oriented towards at least one offset beam direction; wherein, the at least one beam direction and the at least one offset beam direction The offset beam directions have a non-zero angular difference.

The invention uses a serpentine piece to connect multiple radiators in series, so that the beam direction of the main beam is offset from the normal direction of its setting plane, and uses array antennas that form different beam directions to scan and detect in the vertical direction, so that the invention The antenna system can achieve the same detection range in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1A is a top view of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is an isometric view of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an antenna radiation pattern diagram of the antenna system of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a top view of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a top view of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an antenna radiation pattern diagram of the array antenna of FIG. 1A .

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a difference sum ratio of the antenna system of FIG. 2 .

Explanation of main component symbols:

10, 200, 202, 204, 402, 504, array antenna

600～616, 701～708

20, 40, 50, 60, 70 Antenna Systems

FD_a, FD_b, FD_1 feed points

MLB_a, MLB_b, MLB_2, MLB_4 main beam

D_a, D_b, D_2, D_4 beam directions

N normal direction

θ _a , θ _b angle

θ angle difference

PA, PA0, PA2, PA4 radiators

MD meanders

LS centerline

LN, LN0, LN2, LN4 straight line

PC, PC0, PC2, PC4 Phase Center

PCL phase neutral

DS straight-line distance

X, Y, Z axes

S1 first side

S2 second side

DE, DA direction

Detailed ways

相位差

与蜿蜒件MD的长度L_MD成正比，即蜿蜒件MD的长度L_MD越长，相位差

越大。具体来说，请参考图6，图6为阵列天线10的天线辐射场型图，其中，虚线及粗黑线代表当阵列天线10的蜿蜒件MD的长度L_MD大于辐射体PA之间的直线距离DS(即长度差δ大于零)时的辐射场型，而细黑线代表当长度差δ等于零时的辐射场型，由图6可知，蜿蜒件MD的长度L_MD与直线距离DS之间的长度差δ可造成相位差

进而使阵列天线10所形成的主波束具有角度偏移。Please refer to FIGS. 1A and 1B . FIGS. 1A and 1B are a top view and an isometric view of an array antenna 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, FIGS. The array antenna 10 includes a plurality of radiators PA and a plurality of meanders MD. The plurality of meanders MD are used to connect the plurality of radiators PA, and the plurality of radiators PA are arranged on a line LN. The body PA has a center line LS (that is, a plurality of radiators PA have a plurality of center lines LS), a straight line LN runs through (or is connected in series) a plurality of center lines LS, a plurality of meanders MD connect the plurality of radiators PA, and a plurality of Both ends of the meanders MD are respectively connected to the center line LS of the radiator PA. The array antenna 10 has a phase center PC, and the array antenna 10 is symmetrical to the phase center PC. There is a linear distance DS between the radiators PA, the meander MD has a length L_MD, the length L_MD is greater than the linear distance DS, and there is a length difference δ between the length L_MD and the linear distance DS, and the length difference δ is greater than zero. In one embodiment, the length difference δ may be related to the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the array antenna 10 , for example, the length difference δ may be 0.11 times the wavelength. Multiple meanders MD can form a phase difference between multiple radiators PA

phase difference

It is proportional to the length L_MD of the meandering piece MD, that is, the longer the length L_MD of the meandering piece MD, the higher the phase difference.

bigger. Specifically, please refer to FIG. 6 , which is an antenna radiation pattern diagram of the array antenna 10 , wherein the dotted line and the thick black line represent when the length L_MD of the meander MD of the array antenna 10 is greater than the straight line between the radiators PA The radiation pattern when the distance DS (that is, the length difference δ is greater than zero), and the thin black line represents the radiation pattern when the length difference δ is equal to zero. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the length L_MD of the serpentine member MD and the straight-line distance DS are between The length difference δ can cause the phase difference

Furthermore, the main beam formed by the array antenna 10 has an angular offset.

Specifically, the array antenna 10 can be disposed on a first plane formed by the X axis and the Y axis, the first plane has a normal direction N, and the normal direction N is perpendicular to the first plane (ie, parallel to the Z axis) . Generally speaking, the array antenna 10 can form a main beam MLB, and the main beam MLB faces a beam direction D with a non-zero offset angle θ between the beam direction D and the normal direction N. Taking FIG. 1B as an example, when the array antenna 10 is fed from a feeding point FD_b (ie, one end of the array antenna 10 ), the array antenna 10 can form a main beam MLB_a, and the main beam MLB_a faces a beam direction D_a, and the beam There is a non-zero offset angle θ _a between the direction D_a and the normal direction N; when the array antenna 10 is fed by a feeding point FD_a (ie, the other end of the array antenna 10 ), the array antenna 10 can form a The main beam MLB_b, and the main beam MLB_b faces a beam direction D_b, and the beam direction D_b and the normal direction N have a non-zero offset angle θ _b .

如此一来，阵列天线10所形成的主波束MLB的波束方向D可偏移第一平面的法线方向N。阵列天线10可应用于一天线系统中。请参考图2及图3，图2为本发明实施例一天线系统20的俯视图，图3为天线系统20的天线辐射场型图，图2及图3亦标示有X、Y、Z轴的坐标系统。天线系统20为一发二收的频率调制连续波FMCW(Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave)雷达天线系统，其设置于由X轴与Y轴所构成的一第一平面。天线系统20可应用于车用雷达系统，其可垂直设置于车辆保险杆或风扇栅罩内部，天线系统20包含一传送阵列天线200、一阵列天线202以及一偏移阵列天线204，偏移阵列天线204可利用阵列天线10来实现，传送阵列天线200用来传送一信号，阵列天线202及偏移阵列天线204用来接收反射信号。具体来说，阵列天线202形成一主波束MLB_2，主波束MLB_2朝向一波束方向D_2，而偏移阵列天线204形成一偏移主波束MLB_4，偏移主波束MLB_4朝向一偏移波束方向D_4，波束方向D_2与偏移波束方向D_4具有非零的一角度差θ。In short, the array antenna 10 uses the meander MD to form a phase difference between the radiators PA

In this way, the beam direction D of the main beam MLB formed by the array antenna 10 can be shifted from the normal direction N of the first plane. The array antenna 10 can be used in an antenna system. Please refer to FIGS. 2 and 3 . FIG. 2 is a top view of an antenna system 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an antenna radiation pattern diagram of the antenna system 20 . coordinate system. The antenna system 20 is a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar antenna system with one transmission and two receptions, which is arranged on a first plane formed by the X axis and the Y axis. The antenna system 20 can be applied to a vehicle radar system, which can be vertically arranged inside a vehicle bumper or a fan grille. The antenna system 20 includes a transmission array antenna 200 , an array antenna 202 and an offset array antenna 204 . The antenna 204 can be implemented by using the array antenna 10, the transmitting array antenna 200 is used for transmitting a signal, and the array antenna 202 and the offset array antenna 204 are used for receiving the reflected signal. Specifically, the array antenna 202 forms a main beam MLB_2, the main beam MLB_2 faces a beam direction D_2, and the offset array antenna 204 forms an offset main beam MLB_4, the offset main beam MLB_4 faces an offset beam direction D_4, and the beam The direction D_2 and the offset beam direction D_4 have a non-zero angular difference θ.

In detail, the transmission array antenna 200 includes a plurality of transmission radiators PA0 and a plurality of linear connectors CN. The plurality of transmission radiators PA0 are arranged on a line LN0, the transmission array antenna 200 has a transmission phase center PC0, and the transmission array antenna 200 is symmetrical to the transmission phase center PC0; the array antenna 202 includes a plurality of radiators PA2, and the plurality of radiators PA2 are arranged in a straight line LN2, the array antenna 202 has a phase center PC2, and the array antenna 202 is symmetrical to the phase center PC2; offset The array antenna 204 includes a plurality of offset radiators PA4 and a plurality of serpentine elements MD. The plurality of offset radiators PA4 are arranged on an offset line LN4. The offset array antenna 204 has an offset phase center PC4. The array antenna 204 is symmetrical about the offset phase center PC4. The straight lines LN0, LN2, and LN4 are parallel to each other. The transmission phase center PC0, the phase center PC2, and the offset phase center PC4 are aligned with each other on a phase center line PCL. The phase center line PCL is perpendicular to the lines LN0, LN2, and LN4.

使得对应偏移主波束MLB_4的偏移波束方向D_4与波束方向D_2之间具有非零的角度差θ。It should be noted that, the plurality of radiators PA2 in the array antenna 202 are connected in series by a plurality of linear connectors CN, so that the beam direction D_2 corresponding to the main beam MLB_2 is parallel to the normal direction N of the first plane (ie, In the offset array antenna 204, a plurality of offset radiators PA4 are connected in series with each other by means of a plurality of serpentine elements MD, and the plurality of serpentine elements MD form a phase difference between the radiators PA

There is a non-zero angle difference θ between the offset beam direction D_4 corresponding to the offset main beam MLB_4 and the beam direction D_2.

Furthermore, the antenna system 20 further includes a processing unit 206, the processing unit 206 is coupled to the transmission array antenna 200, the array antenna 202, and the offset array antenna 204, that is, the processing unit 206 is coupled to the transmission through a plurality of feeding points FD_1 Array antenna 200 , array antenna 202 , offset array antenna 204 . In the antenna system 20 , a plurality of feeding points FD_1 are located on a first side S1 of the antenna system 20 , that is, the transmitting array antenna 200 , the array antenna 202 , and the offset array antenna 204 are all fed from the first side S1 of the antenna system 20 . . The processing unit 206 can operate in an Amplitude-Comparison Mono-Pulse mode or a Phase-Comparison Mono-Pulse mode. In one embodiment, the antenna system 20 is disposed on an XY plane. Since the array antenna 202 and the offset array antenna 204 have main beams MLB_2 and MLB_4 at different angles in a first direction DE parallel to an XZ plane, the antenna system The transmitting array antenna 200 , the array antenna 202 , and the offset array antenna 204 can operate in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode to perform target detection and angle identification on the XZ plane (the first direction DE). Meanwhile, the main beams MLB_2 and MLB_4 have no angle difference in a second direction DA parallel to a YZ plane, so the antenna system 20 can operate the phase-compared monopulse by transmitting the array antenna 200 , the array antenna 202 , and the offset array antenna 204 In the mode, the detection and angle identification of the target are performed on the YZ plane (the second direction DA). Specifically, when the antenna system 20 is vertically disposed on a vertical plane, that is, the XY plane is a vertical plane, the YZ plane is a horizontal plane, the first direction DE is an elevation direction, and the second direction DA That is, a horizontal direction (Azimuth Direction), the first direction DE is perpendicular to the second direction DA.

Please refer to FIG. 7 . FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a difference-sum ratio (Delta-SumRatio, Δ/Σ) when the antenna system 20 operates in the amplitude-ratio single-pulse mode. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the antenna system 20 can operate on the XZ plane. Target detection and angle identification, and the angle identification range is about plus or minus 10 degrees.

In addition, please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a top view of an antenna system 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 also indicates the coordinate system of the X, Y, and Z axes. Antenna system 40 is similar to antenna system 20, so the same symbols are used for the same components. Different from the antenna system 20 , the antenna system 40 also includes an array antenna 402 , which is used for receiving reflected signals, that is, the antenna system 40 is a one-transmitting three-receiving antenna system, and the array antenna 402 has the same characteristics as the array antenna 202 . The structure, that is, the main beam formed by the array antennas 202 and 402 faces the beam direction parallel to the Z axis. Antenna system 40 may operate in phase-phased monopulse mode by transmitting array antenna 200 and array antennas 202, 402, while antenna system 40 may transmit array antenna 200 and array antenna 202 and offset array antenna 204 (or by transmitting array antenna 202 and offset array antenna 204). 200 and array antenna 402 and offset array antenna 204) operate in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode. Similarly, when the antenna system 40 is arranged on a vertical plane, the antenna system 40 can use the phase-comparison monopulse mode to perform target detection and angle identification in the second direction DA parallel to the YZ plane. The single-pulse mode performs target detection and angle identification on the XZ plane. It should be noted that, in the antenna system 20, the component on the YZ plane of the offset array antenna 204 has a smaller gain than the array antenna 202, resulting in a shorter detection distance; in contrast, the antenna system 20 utilizes the array antenna 202, 402 increases the gain parallel to the YZ plane, increasing the detection distance on the YZ plane. In addition, the antenna system 40 uses three array antennas, including the array antennas 202, 402 and the offset array antenna 204, to receive the reflected signal, and uses different array antennas to operate in the phase-comparison monopulse mode and the amplitude-comparison monopulse mode, respectively. Compared with the antenna system 20, the antenna system 40 has better isolation when performing angle detection between the first direction DE and the second direction DA.

In addition, please refer to FIG. 5 . FIG. 5 is a top view of an antenna system 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 also indicates the coordinate system of the X, Y, and Z axes. Antenna system 50 is similar to antenna system 40, so the same symbols are used for the same components. Different from the antenna system 40, the antenna system 50 further includes an offset array antenna 504. The offset array antenna 504 has the same structure as the offset array antenna 204. The offset array antenna 504 is also used to receive reflected signals, that is, an antenna. The system 50 is a one-transmit four-receive antenna system. In addition, the feeding position of the offset array antenna 504 is different from the feeding position of the transmission array antenna 200, the array antennas 202, 402, and the offset array antenna 204. In other words, the transmission array antenna 200, the array antennas 202, 402, and the offset array antenna The shifting array antenna 204 is provided by the feeding point of the antenna system 50 on a first side S1 (ie, the first side S1 is coupled to a processing unit 506 of the antenna system 50 ), and the shifting array antenna 504 is provided by the antenna system 50 The feeding point of the is located on a second side S2 (ie, the second side S2 is coupled to the processing unit 506 of the antenna system 50 ). It should be noted that the feeding positions of the offset array antenna 204 and the offset array antenna 504 are different, so that the main beams formed by the offset array antennas 204 and 504 are respectively offset from the Z axis by a positive angle and a negative angle. For application, the antenna system 50 can operate in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode by transmitting the array antenna 200 and the offset array antennas 204, 504, so that the antenna system 50 has a wider scanning and detection angle in the XZ plane than the antenna system 40.

It should be noted that the foregoing embodiments are used to illustrate the concept of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to make various modifications accordingly, but are not limited thereto. For example, in FIG. 4, the antenna system 40 is not limited to operating in the phased monopulse mode by transmitting the array antenna 200 and the array antennas 202, 402, as long as the antenna system 40 is operated by the array antennas 202, 402 and the offset array antenna 204 wherein Second, after receiving the reflected signal, the processing unit 206 of the antenna system 40 can control the antenna system 40 to operate in the phase-compared monopulse mode. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the array antenna operates in the phase-compared monopulse mode.

In addition, in FIG. 5, the antenna system 50 is not limited to operate in the amplitude-contrast monopulse mode through the transmit array antenna 200 and the offset array antennas 204, 504, as long as the antenna system 50 receives reflections through any two array antennas that can form different beam directions signal, the processing unit 206 of the antenna system 50 can control the antenna system 50 to operate in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode. For example, the antenna system 50 can receive reflected signals through one of the array antennas 202, 402 and one of the offset array antennas of the offset array antennas 204, 504, and the antenna system 50 can operate in the ratio-amplitude monopulse mode , also belong to the scope of the present invention. In addition, the antenna system 50 can receive reflected signals through any two of the array antennas 202, 402 and the offset array antennas 204, 504, and the processing unit 206 of the antenna system 50 can control the antenna system 50 to operate in the phase-compared monopulse mode , also belong to the scope of the present invention.

To sum up, the present invention uses a serpentine member to connect multiple radiators in series, so that the beam direction of the main beam is shifted from the normal direction of the setting plane, and the array antennas that form different beam directions are used to perform vertical scanning and detection, so that the antenna system of the present invention can achieve the same detection range in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (16)

1. An array antenna, the array antenna forms a main beam, the main beam faces a beam direction, the array antenna comprises: a plurality of radiators, the plurality of radiators have a plurality of centerlines, the plurality of radiators are disposed on a first plane and arranged in a straight line, and the straight line runs through the plurality of centerlines; and a plurality of serpentine pieces, the plurality of serpentine pieces connect the plurality of radiators on the first plane, so that the plurality of serpentine pieces and the plurality of radiators are connected to each other in a series along the straight line; Wherein, the array antenna is disposed on the first plane, there is a non-zero offset angle between the beam direction and a normal direction, and the normal direction is perpendicular to the first plane. 2 . The array antenna of claim 1 , wherein the array antenna has a phase center, and the array antenna is symmetrical about the phase center. 3 . 3. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the lengths of the plurality of serpentines are related to the magnitude of the offset angle. 4. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the array antenna is fed from one end of the array antenna. 5. An antenna system, the antenna system being arranged on a first plane, the antenna system comprising: at least one array antenna, the at least one array antenna forms at least one main beam, the at least one main beam faces at least one beam direction; and at least one offset array antenna, the at least one offset array antenna forms at least one offset main beam, and the at least one offset main beam faces at least one offset beam direction; Wherein, the at least one beam direction and the at least one offset beam direction have a non-zero angle difference; Wherein each offset array antenna of the at least one offset array antenna includes: A plurality of offset radiators, the plurality of offset radiators have a plurality of center lines, the plurality of offset radiators are disposed on the first plane and arranged on an offset straight line, the offset straight line runs through the plurality of centers line; and a plurality of serpentine pieces connecting the plurality of offset radiators on the first plane, so that the plurality of serpentine pieces and the plurality of offset radiators are in series with each other along the offset straight line connected in a sequence; Wherein, there is at least one offset angle that is non-zero degree between the at least one offset beam direction and a normal direction, and the normal direction is perpendicular to the first plane. 6. The antenna system of claim 5, wherein the lengths of the plurality of serpentines are related to the magnitude of the at least one offset angle. 7 . The antenna system of claim 5 , wherein each array antenna of the at least one array antenna comprises a plurality of first radiators and a plurality of linear connectors, and the plurality of first radiators are arranged in a first straight line. 8 . a line, the plurality of linear connectors connect the plurality of first radiators, and the first straight line and the offset straight line are parallel to each other. 8. The antenna system of claim 5, wherein the at least one offset array antenna has at least one offset phase center, the at least one array antenna has at least a first phase center, and the at least one offset phase center is the same as the At least one first phase center is aligned with each other. 9 . The antenna system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one offset array antenna comprises a first offset array antenna and a second offset array antenna, and the feeding position of the first offset array antenna is the A first side of the antenna system, the feeding position of the second offset array antenna is a second side of the antenna system. 10. The antenna system of claim 5, further comprising: a transmit array antenna, the transmit array antenna is used to transmit a signal; a processing unit, the processing unit is coupled to the at least one offset array antenna, the at least one array antenna and the transmission array antenna; Wherein, the processing unit controls the at least one offset array antenna, the at least one array antenna and the transmitting array antenna, so that the antenna system operates in an amplitude-compared monopulse mode or a phase-comparison monopulse mode. 11. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the antenna system performs angle identification in a first direction when the antenna system operates in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode. 12. The antenna system of claim 11, wherein when the antenna system operates in the phase comparison monopulse mode, the antenna system performs angle identification in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction. 13. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the antenna system operates at the ratio using a first offset array antenna of the at least one offset array antenna and a first array antenna of the at least one array antenna monopulse mode; the antenna system operates in the phase comparison monopulse mode using the first offset array antenna and the first array antenna. 14. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the antenna system utilizes one of a first array antenna, a second array antenna of the at least one array antenna, and a first bias of the at least one offset array antenna The shifted array antenna operates in the amplitude-compared monopulse mode; the antenna system utilizes two of the first array antenna, the second array antenna, and the first shifted array antenna to operate in the phase-compared monopulse mode. 15. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the antenna system utilizes one of a first array antenna, a second array antenna of the at least one array antenna, and a first bias of the at least one offset array antenna One of a shifted array antenna and a second shifted array antenna, operating in the amplitude-contrast single pulse mode; the antenna system utilizes the first array antenna, the second array antenna, the first shifted array antenna, the first Two of the two offset array antennas operate in the phase-compared monopulse mode. 16. The antenna system of claim 10, wherein the antenna system operates in the amplitude ratio monopulse mode using a first offset array antenna and a second offset array antenna of the at least one offset array antenna; the The antenna system utilizes two of a first array antenna of the at least one array antenna, a second array antenna of the at least one array antenna, the first offset array antenna, and the second offset array antenna to operate in the ratio. Phase monopulse mode, wherein the feeding position of the first offset array antenna is a first side of the antenna system, and the feeding position of the second offset array antenna is a second side of the antenna system.

Images