CN106879370A - A kind of Propogation and culture method of pear tree - Google Patents
A kind of Propogation and culture method of pear tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN106879370A CN106879370A CN201710233117.8A CN201710233117A CN106879370A CN 106879370 A CN106879370 A CN 106879370A CN 201710233117 A CN201710233117 A CN 201710233117A CN 106879370 A CN106879370 A CN 106879370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Propogation and culture method of pear tree, including rootstock seedling cultivation, grafting, grafting management and outplanting；Compared with prior art, present invention breeding pear tree winter resistance is medium, strong adaptability.The pear tree plant percent of Propogation and culture of the present invention is high by more than 95%, and tree vigo(u)r is sane, and winter resistance enhancing, Early Paleozoic strata performance is good, and 7.25kg is produced in the annual of grafting the 3rd strain.Fruit fruit subcircular, fruit shape is rectified, and mean fruit weight 158.4g, fruit yellow green, sunny side has blush, soluble solid content 13.5%, total acid 0.1%, Vitamin C content 0.60mg/100g.The kind thin skin, matter are crisp, meat is thin, taste is sweet, slightly sour at nearly core, and quality is first-class；Pole storage tolerance.Value with popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture technology, more particularly to a kind of pear tree Propogation and culture method.
Background technology
Pears, usual kind is a kind of deciduous tree or shrub, and only a few kind is evergreen, belongs to Angiospermae dicotyledonous
Plant guiding principle rose family Maloideae.Being in avette blade, size is different because kind is different more.It is white to spend, or yellowish, powder
Red, there is five valves.Fruit shapes have circle, also have the thinner afterbody of base portion thicker, that is, " pyriform " being commonly called as；Different cultivars
Fruit colour is far from each other, has yellow, green, greenish-yellow, green middle band Huang, yellowish-brown, green and brown color, bronzing, brown, individually
Kind also has aubergine；The fruit footpath of wild pears is smaller, between 1 to 4 centimetres, and cultivate kind fruit footpath up to 8 centimetres,
Length is up to 18 centimetres.In the prior art, the cultural method for pear tree is varied, in line with raising yield and raising fruit matter
The spirit of amount is, it is necessary to constantly improve and innovation.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that a kind of Propogation and culture method that pear tree is provided to solve the above problems.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose：
The present invention includes rootstock seedling cultivation, grafting, grafting management and outplanting；
Rootstock seedling is cultivated：
(1) stock is made from birch-leaf pear, stock seed carried out lamination storage in 60-80 days at the beginning of 1 month at low temperature in wet sand,
Second Year mid-March is sowed when seed has more than 70% to sprout and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is good, ponding, soil layer be not deep, fertile soil loam or sandy loam do stock
Garden；
(3) sowing mid-March；Autumn sowing seed is not required to level treatment, is sowed before 11 lunar regoliths freeze, using wide-and narrow-row kind
Plant, open 2 centimetres of shallow ridges sowing, broadcast rear earthing and slightly suppress, after planting, can covering with plastic film；
(4) thinning and transplanting when seedling grows to 4~5 true leaves, the cm of spacing in the rows 10, after 10 centimetres of height of seedling later fill
Water, 5 kilograms of urea is applied for every mu when pouring water, and ground wants timely weeding to loosen the soil after doing, and improves ground temperature, is beneficial to seedling growth, often later
A water was filled every 20 days or so, while pouring water, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea, cuts off the water by the end of August, by the end of October to early November
Fill water of once surviving the winter again before soil is freeze-up, before fall foliage, with spade declinate cutting main root, promote lateral root growth, while note
The meaning leaf portion prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Grafting：
Grafting time is at the end of May to early June or mid-August to late August；Engrafting method uses " fourth " shaped budding,
First in the horizontal partial application of centimeters of top 0.5 of scion bud, bast is cut off, then 1~2 centimeters beveling one upwards under bud
Knife, as deep as xylem, forms a peltate bud tablets, is removed with hand, and in 1 year, raw rootstock seedling cut " T " word away from the centimeters of ground 50
Shape otch, cuts through cortex, and otch is peeled off with knife, and peltate bud tablets are inserted in otch, and the transverse incision to bud tablets is crosscutting with stock
Mouth alignment, petiole is exposed, interface plastic foil is tied up sternly；
The management of grafting：
(A) check within 10~15 days after grafting and survive situation, it is that the expression that falls is survived that petiole one is touched, and the carrying out to not surviving is mended
Connect；
(B) cut anvil except sprouting before spring rudiment, from buddering, cut, and clip will be smoothed by the centimeters of top 0.5, is healed with profit,
The sprout tillers grown on stock is removed in time, it is ensured that normal growth of buddering；
(C) weeding is watered in nursery stock vigorous growth, and every mu imposes 10~15 kilograms of special fertilizer and waters, topdressing and watering
Timely tillage and weeding afterwards；
Outplanting：
Rise before seedling first to fill within 1 week 1 time it is permeable make soil soft, during lifting must away from the centimeters of seedling stem 30 cut off lateral root,
Big cave being dug as far as possible, saving root system from damage, limb and root skin are sure not to damage, 1 year raw 120 centimetres of seedling requirement overground part height of seedling of packed and transported,
More than interface 1~1.2 centimetre of 10 centimeters diameter, there is more than a 8 full buds in shaping strip, healing is good, with lateral root 5 with
On, every is long more than 20 centimetres, and has more fibrous root, plays after seedling and is classified immediately and packing processes, prevents from air-drying dehydration, packages
After to transport planting-site in time and transplanted.
Further, the wide-narrow row planting in the step (3) is 30 centimetres of narrow row line-spacing, 50-60 centimetres of wide row line-spacing.
Further, the first time water flooding poured water in the step (4) is 80% suitable nursery stock.
Further, in the step (C) special fertilizer by starch, sucrose, peptone, dregs of beans, egg, analysis for soybean powder, bone meal,
Fish meal, fermentation of bacillus thing, nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, stalk, leaf, weeds, sawdust composition.
Specifically, by weight, every part starch-containing 5%, sucrose 5%, peptone 5%, dregs of beans 5%, egg 5%, soya bean
Powder 10%, bone meal 10%, fish meal 10%, fermentation of bacillus thing 2%, nitrogenous fertilizer 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, stalk 10%, leaf
10%th, weeds 10%, sawdust 10%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is a kind of Propogation and culture method of pear tree, compared with prior art, the pear tree winter resistance of present invention breeding
Medium, strong adaptability.The pear tree plant percent of Propogation and culture of the present invention is high by more than 95%, and tree vigo(u)r is sane, winter resistance enhancing, early
Fruit high yield characteristic is good, and 7.25kg is produced in the annual of grafting the 3rd strain.Fruit fruit subcircular, fruit shape is rectified, mean fruit weight
158.4g, fruit yellow green, sunny side has blush, soluble solid content 13.5%, total acid 0.1%, Vitamin C content
0.60mg/100g.The kind thin skin, matter are crisp, meat is thin, taste is sweet, slightly sour at nearly core, and quality is first-class；Pole storage tolerance.With popularization
The value of application.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below：
The present invention includes rootstock seedling cultivation, grafting, grafting management and outplanting；
Rootstock seedling is cultivated：
(1) stock is made from birch-leaf pear, stock seed carried out lamination storage in 60-80 days at the beginning of 1 month at low temperature in wet sand,
Second Year mid-March is sowed when seed has more than 70% to sprout and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is good, ponding, soil layer be not deep, fertile soil loam or sandy loam do stock
Garden；
(3) sowing mid-March；Autumn sowing seed is not required to level treatment, is sowed before 11 lunar regoliths freeze, using wide-and narrow-row kind
Plant, open 2 centimetres of shallow ridges sowing, broadcast rear earthing and slightly suppress, after planting, can covering with plastic film；
(4) thinning and transplanting when seedling grows to 4~5 true leaves, the cm of spacing in the rows 10, after 10 centimetres of height of seedling later fill
Water, 5 kilograms of urea is applied for every mu when pouring water, and ground wants timely weeding to loosen the soil after doing, and improves ground temperature, is beneficial to seedling growth, often later
A water was filled every 20 days or so, while pouring water, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea, cuts off the water by the end of August, by the end of October to early November
Fill water of once surviving the winter again before soil is freeze-up, before fall foliage, with spade declinate cutting main root, promote lateral root growth, while note
The meaning leaf portion prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Grafting：
Grafting time is at the end of May to early June or mid-August to late August；Engrafting method uses " fourth " shaped budding,
First in the horizontal partial application of centimeters of top 0.5 of scion bud, bast is cut off, then 1~2 centimeters beveling one upwards under bud
Knife, as deep as xylem, forms a peltate bud tablets, is removed with hand, and in 1 year, raw rootstock seedling cut " T " word away from the centimeters of ground 50
Shape otch, cuts through cortex, and otch is peeled off with knife, and peltate bud tablets are inserted in otch, and the transverse incision to bud tablets is crosscutting with stock
Mouth alignment, petiole is exposed, interface plastic foil is tied up sternly；
The management of grafting：
(A) check within 10~15 days after grafting and survive situation, it is that the expression that falls is survived that petiole one is touched, and the carrying out to not surviving is mended
Connect；
(B) cut anvil except sprouting before spring rudiment, from buddering, cut, and clip will be smoothed by the centimeters of top 0.5, is healed with profit,
The sprout tillers grown on stock is removed in time, it is ensured that normal growth of buddering；
(C) weeding is watered in nursery stock vigorous growth, and every mu imposes 10~15 kilograms of special fertilizer and waters, topdressing and watering
Timely tillage and weeding afterwards；
Outplanting：
Rise before seedling first to fill within 1 week 1 time it is permeable make soil soft, during lifting must away from the centimeters of seedling stem 30 cut off lateral root,
Big cave being dug as far as possible, saving root system from damage, limb and root skin are sure not to damage, 1 year raw 120 centimetres of seedling requirement overground part height of seedling of packed and transported,
More than interface 1~1.2 centimetre of 10 centimeters diameter, there is more than a 8 full buds in shaping strip, healing is good, with lateral root 5 with
On, every is long more than 20 centimetres, and has more fibrous root, plays after seedling and is classified immediately and packing processes, prevents from air-drying dehydration, packages
After to transport planting-site in time and transplanted.
Further, the wide-narrow row planting in the step (3) is 30 centimetres of narrow row line-spacing, 50-60 centimetres of wide row line-spacing.
Further, the first time water flooding poured water in the step (4) is 80% suitable nursery stock.
Further, in the step (C) special fertilizer by starch, sucrose, peptone, dregs of beans, egg, analysis for soybean powder, bone meal,
Fish meal, fermentation of bacillus thing, nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, stalk, leaf, weeds, sawdust composition.
Specifically, by weight, every part starch-containing 5%, sucrose 5%, peptone 5%, dregs of beans 5%, egg 5%, soya bean
Powder 10%, bone meal 10%, fish meal 10%, fermentation of bacillus thing 2%, nitrogenous fertilizer 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, stalk 10%, leaf
10%th, weeds 10%, sawdust 10%.
High-yield cultivation technique main points
1~3 × 4~6m of seeding row spacing, there is 40% Trees burst into bloom result for the 2nd year after grafting, all bears fruit within the 3rd year, average strain
7.25kg is produced, 9.1kg is produced in highest strain.Tree-like is " 3+1 " tree-like (improve and evacuate layering shape) and slender spindle-shaped, ability of continuously getting bumper crops
By force, biennial fruiting phenomenon is not obvious, does not have shedding phenomenon before adopting.
Experimental field overview
Experimental field abundant with sunlight-heat reaources, daily temperature range is big, the features such as frost-free period is long, is conducive to the growth of fruit tree to send out
Educate the coloring and accumulation with fruit.Annual sunshine time 2460 hours, percentage of possible sunshine more than 70%, 4300 DEG C of >=10 DEG C of annual accumution
More than, 15~20 DEG C of fruit tree growth phase daily temperature range, up to 30 DEG C, more than 220 days frost-free period, average annual precipitation 34mm,
Evaporation capacity 290mm.
Test material
Grafted Variety is " new pears 9 ", and stock is birch-leaf pear.
Water and fertilizer management
Before reinforcement is spent, Hua Hou, bud differentiation, the rich water of Fruit and winter irrigation plan strategies for, promote tree body robust growth, bud
Differentiation and fruit development.
Regulation and control are irrigated
Principle " is controlled " after preceding rush, and early stage promotees young sprout growth, young fruit development, and Floral initiation is (in -6 months mid-Mays
Ten days) 50 days or so control water, August strict control water after 20 days, the winter irrigation of November 15 terminates.
Tillage and weeding
3~5 weedings are carried out to orchard, are loosened the soil every year, after pouring water set disk under want duty to loosen the soil, chiselling, improve ground temperature, increasing
Plus soil permeability, tree ditch is kept without weeds.Autumn is in the ranks once deep ploughed to remove weeds, more than tilling depth 25cm to tree.
Trim mode
Using " 3+1 " tree management pruning.
(1) " 3+1 " tree management
1. the height of tree：3-3.5 meters, do height：0.7-0.9 meters.
2. 3, major branch, long 2.2-2.5 meters.
3. 65 degree of major branch base angle, 75 degree of haunch, 65 degree of tip angle.
4. interlamellar spacing 1.2-1.5 meters.
5. upper direct raw 4-6 bough group is done in, its branch amount is measured equivalent to a major branch branch.
6. on major branch branch group in raw 3 side shoots and 6-8.The first side shoot on major branch does 0.5 meter in；Second side shoot
0.9 meter is done in；3rd side shoot does 1.4 meters in.
7. upper big lopwood axle vertical range is done in be no more than within 1/3,1 meter of base portion major branch.
8. mu branch measures 6-8 ten thousand (including leafage branch and fruit spur), mu flower amount 5-6 ten thousand, wherein middle fruit spur accounts for 80%.
(2) shaping technique main points：First Year, heading height 0.9-1.1 meters during winter pruning, carves bud in 0.2 meter of shaping strip,
Promote bud to sprout.Second Year summer pruning the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, fruitful branch turns round the tip and controls the prosperous tip and the competition tip, and winter main centering is done
Pruned with major branch extending head.75 ° of the pruning adjustment major branch haunch of the raw trees of 3-5,65 ° of tip angle, extending head is full at 0.5 meter or so
Cutting back at bud, the first side shoot selects branch to cultivate and stays 0.4 meter or so cutting back away from 0.5 meter or so place of trunk, and second and third side shoot is apart
0.4 meter of offside is selected and remain and cultivate successively year by year；7-8 length of plug hole culture controls the middle branch group within 0.6 meter year by year；Major branch is carried on the back
Undershoot is short at 0.3 meter or so full bud to cut；Selected and remain at major branch 1.2-1.5 meters a bough group, angle away from the 3rd on being done in after 4th year
Degree is adjusted to 75 °, and length is controlled in 1.0 meters, it is ensured that the absolute growth vigor of major branch.Remaining branch is put into based on flower with slow, directly
Vertical branch support is pulled to that 75 ° of deflectings are slow to put.
Flower and fruit management
First fruiting period tree (age of tree 5-10, yield 0.5-1.5 tons) stays full bud 500-1000/strain, and mu stays bud
2.0-4.0 ten thousand；The best fruiting period big tree (yield 1.6-3.0 tons) stays full bud 1200-1500/strain, and mu stays bud 5.0-6.0
Ten thousand.
Flower thinning sequence：Being separated to from inflorescence before blooming is carried out.1.5-2.0 bud is stayed per 15-20 centimetres of space in tree crown, is stayed
Inflorescence on strong fruit branch, removes the inflorescence on thin and weak fruit branch；The bud portion of inflorescence is dredged net, retains lotus throne leaf.
Fruit thinning：1 week after fallen flowers starts, and 3 weeks terminate.Malformed fruit (white ring, frostbite are really), fruitlet are removed, wormed fruit, is damaged and is drawn
The cull fruit of wound；1 fruit is stayed by every 15-20 centimetre lengths.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Before early spring germination, 15 ° of B é lime sulfur is sprayed, eliminate wintering pest；The anti-25% imidacloprid pulvis of spray that eliminates aphis
1500 times of liquid.Using the insect-killing trappings such as trapping lamp, trap band, inducing aphids plate, gyplure, Protect natural enemies.
General principle of the invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Propogation and culture method of pear tree, it is characterised in that：Including rootstock seedling cultivation, grafting, grafting management and nursery stock
Go out garden；
Rootstock seedling is cultivated：
(1) stock is made from birch-leaf pear, stock seed carried out lamination storage in 60-80 days, second at the beginning of 1 month at low temperature in wet sand
Mid-March in year is sowed when seed has more than 70% to sprout and show money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) select it is leeward on the sunny side, sunshine is good, ponding, soil layer be not deep, fertile soil loam or sandy loam do stock garden；
(3) sowing mid-March；Autumn sowing seed is not required to level treatment, is sowed before 11 lunar regoliths freeze, using wide-narrow row planting,
2 centimetres of shallow ridges sowing is opened, rear earthing is broadcast and is slightly suppressed, after planting, can covering with plastic film；
(4) thinning and transplanting when seedling grows to 4~5 true leaves, the cm of spacing in the rows 10, after 10 centimetres of height of seedling later pour water, fill
5 kilograms of urea is applied during water for every mu, ground wants timely weeding to loosen the soil after doing, improve ground temperature, be beneficial to seedling growth, later every 20 days
Left and right fills a water, and while pouring water, every mu imposes 10 kilograms of urea, cuts off the water by the end of August, by the end of October to early November in soil
Water of once surviving the winter is filled again before freeze-up, before fall foliage, with spade declinate cutting main root, promotes lateral root growth, while noting leaf portion
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Grafting：
Grafting time is at the end of May to early June or mid-August to late August；Engrafting method uses " fourth " shaped budding, first exists
The horizontal partial application of centimeters of top 0.5 of scion bud, cuts off bast, and the then upward partial application of 1~2 centimeters under bud is deep
Up to xylem, a peltate bud tablets are formed, removed with hand, raw rootstock seedling was cut " T " font and cut away from the centimeters of ground 50 in 1 year
Mouthful, cortex is cut through, otch is peeled off with knife, peltate bud tablets are inserted in otch, to the transverse incision and the transverse incision pair of stock of bud tablets
Together, petiole is exposed, and interface plastic foil is tied up sternly；
The management of grafting：
(A) check within 10~15 days after grafting and survive situation, it is that the expression that falls is survived that petiole one is touched, and the benefit that carries out to not surviving connects；
(B) cut anvil except sprouting before spring rudiment, from buddering, cut, and clip will be smoothed by the centimeters of top 0.5, is healed with profit, stock
On the sprout tillers that grows remove in time, it is ensured that normal growth of buddering；
(C) water weeding in nursery stock vigorous growth, every mu imposes 10~15 kilograms of special fertilizer and waters, after topdressing and watering and
When tillage and weeding；
Outplanting：
Rise before seedling first to fill within 1 week 1 time it is permeable make soil soft, during lifting must away from the centimeters of seedling stem 30 cut off lateral root, as far as possible
Big cave is dug, saves root system from damage, limb and root skin are sure not to damage, 1 year raw 120 centimetres of seedling requirement overground part height of seedling of packed and transported, interface
1~1.2 centimetre of 10 centimeters diameter of the above, there is more than a 8 full buds in shaping strip, healing is good, with lateral root more than 5,
Every long more than 20 centimetres, and has more fibrous root, plays after seedling and is classified immediately and packing processes, prevents from air-drying dehydration, after packaging
Planting-site is transported in time to be transplanted.
2. the Propogation and culture method of pear tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Wide-and narrow-row in the step (3)
Plant is 30 centimetres of narrow row line-spacing, 50-60 centimetres of wide row line-spacing.
3. the Propogation and culture method of pear tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Poured water in the step (4)
Water flooding is 80% suitable nursery stock.
4. the Propogation and culture method of pear tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Special fertilizer in the step (C)
By starch, sucrose, peptone, dregs of beans, egg, analysis for soybean powder, bone meal, fish meal, fermentation of bacillus thing, nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, straw
Stalk, leaf, weeds, sawdust composition.
5. the Propogation and culture method of pear tree according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：By weight, every part it is starch-containing
5%th, sucrose 5%, peptone 5%, dregs of beans 5%, egg 5%, analysis for soybean powder 10%, bone meal 10%, fish meal 10%, bacillus hair
Ferment thing 2%, nitrogenous fertilizer 2%, calcium superphosphate 1%, stalk 10%, leaf 10%, weeds 10%, sawdust 10%.
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| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN112136593A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Planting method of Korla bergamot pears |
| CN114631436A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-17 | 四川小柳树农业开发有限公司 | Grafting planting method for flower pears |
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| CN107593220A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-01-19 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of northern pear tree early ties the cultural method of high yield |
| CN107466790A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-15 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Pear tree stock seed fast breeding method |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN112136593A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-29 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Planting method of Korla bergamot pears |
| CN114631436A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-06-17 | 四川小柳树农业开发有限公司 | Grafting planting method for flower pears |
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