CN106874415A - Environmental sensitive area database construction method and server based on generalized information system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a GIS system-based method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database and a server, wherein the method is completed in the server, including: obtaining thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas and storing them in a map table; assigning each environmentally sensitive area in the map table A unique ID, and associate the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data with the ID; divide the map table into the same number of map layer tables according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, and each map layer table is associated with an ID and Corresponding to an environmentally sensitive area, an environmentally sensitive area database is finally constructed; each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographic location information corresponding to the environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display after being called by the client Map information of corresponding environmentally sensitive areas. The environmentally sensitive area database constructed by the present invention covers real-time update and expansion of the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas.

Description

Database Construction Method and Server for Environmentally Sensitive Areas Based on GIS System

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of data processing of substation environment sensitive areas, in particular to a GIS system-based environment sensitive area database construction method and a server.

Background technique

With the development of my country's electric power industry, the capacity of the power grid is getting larger and larger, the distance of transmission is getting farther and farther, the voltage level of transmission lines is also increasing, and the construction scale of high-voltage substations and overhead transmission lines is constantly expanding. Coupled with the influence of social factors such as economic development and population growth, it has become a general trend for new power transmission and transformation projects to gradually approach densely populated areas. In recent years, many cities have carried out the reconstruction and expansion of the power supply network. Substations have gradually been built from the suburbs to the urban areas. High-voltage overhead transmission lines are dotted in urban public places and residential areas. The possible environmental impact of substations and transmission lines has attracted increasing attention. Higher requirements are put forward for the environmental protection work of power transmission and transformation projects.

In the stage of environmental impact assessment and design of power transmission and transformation projects, due to the lack of relevant data on the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas, in the process of site selection and construction of power transmission and transformation projects, the measures and management support measures adopted by some projects in terms of avoiding environmentally sensitive areas Insufficient; the environmental impact prediction technology of power transmission and transformation projects is not high in terms of automation and informatization, and cannot quickly, timely and accurately evaluate the impact of power transmission and transformation projects on environmentally sensitive points during the stage of site selection and route adjustment.

To sum up, it is necessary to establish an updatable and expandable database covering the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas, which is used for the automatic identification and classification technology of environmentally sensitive points of power transmission and transformation projects based on the existing grid GIS platform and the electromagnetic, The automatic prediction and analysis of noise impact provides an accurate data basis to improve the informatization, lean and intelligent level of State Grid Corporation's power grid environmental protection management.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a database management system for environmentally sensitive areas based on a GIS system.

A method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system of the present invention, the method is completed in the server, and it specifically includes:

Step 1: Obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographical location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; wherein, the environmentally sensitive The basic attribute information of the area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information;

Step 2: Assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map, and associate the thematic data of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area with the ID;

Step 3: Divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs an environmentally sensitive area database; Each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographical location information corresponding to the environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client.

Further, the method also includes: according to the basic attribute information and geographical location information of the environmentally sensitive area, a corresponding spatial index table is established for each map layer table, which is used to assist in spatial analysis and speed up the spatial analysis.

Further, the method further includes: inputting the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area to the server in the form of raster data vectorization or inputting it into the server manually.

The environmental sensitive area thematic data of the present invention is processed by using raster data vectorized input and manual input. In view of the situation that the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas are all paper data, this paper data cannot be used directly, and must be rasterized first to convert the paper data into digital format, and the geographical The location, boundary and other data are entered into the system. However, during the rasterization operation, due to the problem of scanning accuracy and the fact that there are no coordinate parameters on the map, when the rasterized data is input into the system, there are often a series of boundary violations and incompatibility with the digital topographic map. The problem is that it is necessary to use manual means to first determine several positioning points on the boundary of the gridded thematic map of sensitive areas, and correct the stationary points of the sensitive area boundary according to the collected thematic data, and finally realize the sensitive area information in the system The same precision can be achieved on the same scale as the data in the thematic data. At the same time, in the process of manually correcting the relevant information of sensitive areas, the attribute data of each sensitive area is also entered, and the construction and correction of the sensitive area database are finally completed.

Further, according to the types of features in the map, the geographic location information of corresponding environmentally sensitive areas stored in each map layer table is divided into node-type geographic location information, arc-type geographic location information, and polygon-type geographic location information; node-type geographic location information Geographical location information corresponds to point features, arc segment geographic location information corresponds to linear features, and polygonal geographic location information corresponds to surface features. In this way, the type of feature can be matched with the corresponding geographic location information, and the corresponding feature can be displayed more accurately on the map.

Further, the spatial index table adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure.

The BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure is a spatial index that divides the space level by level from top to bottom.

BSP tree (Binary Space Partitioning Tree, two-dimensional space partition tree) is a binary tree that divides the space into two levels step by step, and it can well adapt to the distribution of space objects. Moreover, the depth of the BSP tree is generally very large, which affects the efficiency of various operations.

R-tree is another form of B-tree development to multi-dimensional space. It divides spatial objects into ranges. Each node corresponds to an area and a disk page. The disk pages of non-leaf nodes store the data of all its child nodes. Area range, the areas of all sub-nodes of non-leaf nodes fall within its area range; the disk pages of leaf nodes store the bounding rectangles of all spatial objects within their area range. The number of sub-nodes that each node can have has upper and lower limits, the lower limit ensures the effective use of disk space, and the upper limit ensures that each node corresponds to a disk page, but inserting a new node makes the space required by a node When larger than one disk page, the node is split in two. The R-tree is a dynamic index structure, that is, its query can be performed simultaneously with insertion or deletion, and the tree structure does not need to be reorganized periodically.

The R+ tree is similar to the R tree, the main difference is that the spatial regions corresponding to sibling nodes in the R+ tree do not overlap, so that the division of space eliminates the "dead area" generated by the R tree due to the overlap between nodes (one node within a node) Blank area that does not contain the data of this node), reducing the number of invalid queries and greatly improving the efficiency of spatial indexing, but for the operation of inserting and deleting spatial objects, the operation must ensure that the spatial areas do not overlap and the efficiency will decrease. At the same time, the R+ tree has redundancy for the data storage of spatial objects across regions, and as the data in the database increases, the redundant information continues to grow.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a server for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system.

A kind of server of the present invention constructs the environmentally sensitive area database based on GIS system, comprising:

A data storage module, which is used to obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographic location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; Among them, the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information;

An ID allocation module, which is used to assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map, and associate the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data with the ID;

Map layer table construction module, which is used to divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs Environmentally sensitive area database; each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client.

Further, the server also includes: a spatial index table establishment module, which is used to establish a corresponding spatial index table for each map layer table according to the basic attribute information and geographic location information of the environmentally sensitive area, to assist in carrying out Spatial Analysis to speed up spatial analysis.

Further, the server further includes: a data input module, which is used to input the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas to the server in a raster data vectorization manner or manually.

The environmental sensitive area thematic data of the present invention is processed by using raster data vectorized input and manual input. In view of the situation that the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas are all paper data, this kind of paper data cannot be used directly. It must first be rasterized to convert the paper data into digital format, and the geographical The location, boundary and other data are entered into the system. However, during the rasterization operation, due to the problem of scanning accuracy and the fact that there are no coordinate parameters on the map, when the rasterized data is input into the system, there are often a series of boundary violations and incompatibility with the digital topographic map. The problem is that it is necessary to use manual means to first determine several positioning points on the boundary of the gridded thematic map of sensitive areas, and correct the stationary points of the sensitive area boundary according to the collected thematic data, and finally realize the sensitive area information in the system The same precision can be achieved on the same scale as the data in the thematic data. At the same time, in the process of manually correcting the relevant information of sensitive areas, the attribute data of each sensitive area is also entered, and the construction and correction of the sensitive area database are finally completed.

Further, the server also includes: a geographic location information classification module, which is used to divide the geographic location information corresponding to environmentally sensitive areas stored in each map layer table into node-type geographic location information, according to the types of features in the map, Arc-type geographic location information and polygon-type geographic location information; node-type geographic location information corresponds to point features, arc-type geographic location information corresponds to linear features, and polygon-type geographic location information corresponds to surface features Corresponding. In this way, the type of feature can be matched with the corresponding geographic location information, and the corresponding feature can be displayed more accurately on the map.

Further, the spatial index table in the spatial index table building module adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure.

The BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure is a spatial index that divides the space level by level from top to bottom.

BSP tree (Binary Space Partitioning Tree, two-dimensional space partition tree) is a binary tree that divides the space into two levels step by step, and it can well adapt to the distribution of space objects. Moreover, the depth of the BSP tree is generally very large, which affects the efficiency of various operations.

R-tree is another form of B-tree development to multi-dimensional space. It divides spatial objects into ranges. Each node corresponds to an area and a disk page. The disk pages of non-leaf nodes store the data of all its child nodes. Area range, the areas of all sub-nodes of non-leaf nodes fall within its area range; the disk pages of leaf nodes store the bounding rectangles of all spatial objects within their area range. The number of sub-nodes that each node can have has upper and lower limits, the lower limit ensures the effective use of disk space, and the upper limit ensures that each node corresponds to a disk page, but inserting a new node makes the space required by a node When larger than one disk page, the node is split in two. The R-tree is a dynamic index structure, that is, its query can be performed simultaneously with insertion or deletion, and the tree structure does not need to be reorganized periodically.

The R+ tree is similar to the R tree, the main difference is that the spatial regions corresponding to sibling nodes in the R+ tree do not overlap, so that the division of space eliminates the "dead area" generated by the R tree due to the overlap between nodes (one node within a node) Blank area that does not contain the data of this node), reducing the number of invalid queries and greatly improving the efficiency of spatial indexing, but for the operation of inserting and deleting spatial objects, the operation must ensure that the spatial areas do not overlap and the efficiency will decrease. At the same time, the R+ tree has redundancy for the data storage of spatial objects across regions, and as the data in the database increases, the redundant information continues to grow.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention stores the acquired environmentally sensitive area thematic data in the map table; then assigns a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map table, and associates the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data with the ID; According to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, the map table is divided into the same number of map layer tables, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally the environmentally sensitive area database is constructed; each map layer The table stores the basic attribute information and geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive areas, and the data in the table of each map layer is called by the client to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive areas; the constructed environmentally sensitive area database covers environmentally sensitive areas The distribution can be updated and expanded in real time; through the background operation of the system, all geographical information and environmental sensitive area data can be edited, increased or decreased, etc. By establishing a multi-level audit mechanism, the database data can be updated in time to reflect the project Surrounding actual conditions, better service for engineering feasibility study and planning review.

(2) The present invention also establishes a corresponding spatial index table for each map layer table according to the basic attribute information and geographic location information of environmentally sensitive areas, for assisting in spatial analysis, to speed up the speed of spatial analysis, and to The automatic identification and classification technology of the environmental sensitive points of power transmission and transformation projects on the existing grid GIS platform provides an accurate and dynamic data basis, and finally realizes the informatization, lean, and intelligent level of the State Grid Corporation's grid environmental protection management.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a server for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system in the present invention.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

The environmentally sensitive areas involved in the present invention refer to various levels of natural and cultural protection areas established in accordance with the law, as well as areas that are particularly sensitive to certain types of pollution factors or ecological impact factors of construction projects.

Environmentally sensitive areas include:

(1) Nature reserves, scenic spots, world cultural and natural heritage sites, drinking water source protection areas;

(2) Basic farmland protection areas, basic grasslands, forest parks, geological parks, important wetlands, natural forests, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, natural spawning grounds, feeding grounds, wintering grounds and migration of important aquatic organisms Channels, natural fishing grounds, resource-based water-shortage areas, key areas for the prevention and control of soil erosion, closed and protected areas of desertified land, closed and semi-closed sea areas, and eutrophic water areas;

(3) Areas with the main functions of residence, medical care, cultural education, scientific research, administrative offices, etc., cultural relics protection units, and protected areas with special historical, cultural, scientific, and national significance.

According to the "Categorized Management Directory of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects" (2015 Edition), the environmentally sensitive areas involved in power transmission and transformation projects are mainly category (1) and category (3). Combined with the reality of the environmental impact assessment and acceptance work of the company's power grid construction projects, this topic merges the relevant content in the first category and the third category, and integrates nature reserves, scenic spots, drinking water source protection areas, cultural relics and historic sites, etc. The environmentally sensitive areas that the project focuses on are classified separately. Since power transmission and transformation projects often involve sensitive targets such as forest parks in the environmental impact assessment review, although forest parks are not included in the types of environmentally sensitive areas involved in power transmission and transformation projects, they are During the search for funds and development, the relevant information of the forest park was collected and organized, and merged into the nature reserve. Considering the amount of data and the characteristics of sensitive areas, the cultural relics and historic sites, world cultural and natural heritage sites are merged into cultural relics and historic sites. Added linear monuments layer. As for sensitive areas such as residential areas, hospitals, schools, and office areas that are concerned about in engineering construction, the relevant location information and boundary information are mainly displayed in the vectorized topographic map. Therefore, in the database design , this type of sensitive area information is included in the stratigraphic vector map database, and the data of this part of the sensitive area is provided by the State Grid GIS unified platform.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system in the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the environmentally sensitive area database construction method based on the GIS system, the method is completed in the server, which specifically includes:

Step 1: Obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographical location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; wherein, the environmentally sensitive The basic attribute information of the area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information.

Step 2: Assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map table, and associate the thematic data of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area with the ID.

Step 3: Divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs an environmentally sensitive area database; Each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographical location information corresponding to the environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client.

in:

a. Atlas table: the table of the whole system, it can be used as the highest level table in an atlas, and can be used as the overall planning table of multiple databases in implementation. It itself has reference and description information for each map.

b. Map table: a table for each map, which can be used as the highest table for managing maps in a project, and it is realized in the form of an overall planning table of a database. This table has reference, description and citation information for each level.

c. Map layer table: Each map layer has such a table, which serves as a table for managing a layer. This table has the spatial objects of the basic layer and the corresponding description information of each spatial object.

d. Spatial index table: Each map layer corresponds to a spatial index table, which is used to assist in spatial analysis to speed up the spatial analysis.

In another embodiment, the method further includes: according to the basic attribute information and geographic location information of environmentally sensitive areas, establishing a corresponding spatial index table for each map layer table, which is used to assist in spatial analysis, so as to speed up spatial analysis. The speed of analysis.

Wherein, the spatial index table adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure.

The BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure is a spatial index that divides the space level by level from top to bottom.

BSP tree (Binary Space Partitioning Tree, two-dimensional space partition tree) is a binary tree that divides the space into two levels step by step, and it can well adapt to the distribution of space objects. Moreover, the depth of the BSP tree is generally very large, which affects the efficiency of various operations.

R-tree is another form of B-tree development to multi-dimensional space. It divides spatial objects into ranges. Each node corresponds to an area and a disk page. The disk pages of non-leaf nodes store the data of all its child nodes. Area range, the areas of all sub-nodes of non-leaf nodes fall within its area range; the disk pages of leaf nodes store the bounding rectangles of all spatial objects within their area range. The number of sub-nodes that each node can have has upper and lower limits, the lower limit ensures the effective use of disk space, and the upper limit ensures that each node corresponds to a disk page, but inserting a new node makes the space required by a node When larger than one disk page, the node is split in two. The R-tree is a dynamic index structure, that is, its query can be performed simultaneously with insertion or deletion, and the tree structure does not need to be reorganized periodically.

The R+ tree is similar to the R tree, the main difference is that the spatial regions corresponding to sibling nodes in the R+ tree do not overlap, so that the division of space eliminates the "dead area" generated by the R tree due to the overlap between nodes (one node within a node) Blank area that does not contain the data of this node), reducing the number of invalid queries and greatly improving the efficiency of spatial indexing, but for the operation of inserting and deleting spatial objects, the operation must ensure that the spatial areas do not overlap and the efficiency will decrease. At the same time, the R+ tree has redundancy for the data storage of spatial objects across regions, and as the data in the database increases, the redundant information continues to grow.

In another embodiment, the method further includes: inputting the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area to the server by means of raster data vectorization or inputting it manually to the server.

The environmental sensitive area thematic data of the present invention is processed by using raster data vectorized input and manual input. In view of the situation that the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas are all paper data, this kind of paper data cannot be used directly. It must first be rasterized to convert the paper data into digital format, and the geographical The location, boundary and other data are entered into the system. However, during the rasterization operation, due to the problem of scanning accuracy and the fact that there are no coordinate parameters on the map, when the rasterized data is input into the system, there are often a series of boundary violations and incompatibility with the digital topographic map. The problem is that it is necessary to use manual means to first determine several positioning points on the boundary of the gridded thematic map of sensitive areas, and correct the stationary points of the sensitive area boundary according to the collected thematic data, and finally realize the sensitive area information in the system The same precision can be achieved on the same scale as the data in the thematic data. At the same time, in the process of manually correcting the relevant information of sensitive areas, the attribute data of each sensitive area is also entered, and the construction and correction of the sensitive area database are finally completed.

In another embodiment, according to the types of features in the map, the geographic location information corresponding to environmentally sensitive areas stored in each map layer table is divided into node-type geographic location information, arc-type geographic location information, and polygon-type geographic location information Information; node-type geographic location information corresponds to point-shaped features, arc-type geographic location information corresponds to linear features, and polygon-type geographic location information corresponds to surface features. In this way, the type of feature can be matched with the corresponding geographic location information, and the corresponding feature can be displayed more accurately on the map.

The object-relational database model of the environmentally sensitive area data of the present invention:

a. Object-oriented feature model

Geometrically divide the various features of the map can be abstracted into: point features, linear features, area features and mixed complex features. Then the map M can be simply expressed as node class, arc segment class and polygon class in an object-oriented way.

b. Object-oriented attribute data model

On the basis of relational DBMS, functions such as encapsulation, inheritance and information dissemination of object-oriented data models are added.

c. Topological relationship and object-oriented model

Usually, the adjacency and association relationship between ground objects can be expressed implicitly through data sharing of common nodes and common arcs.

In the traditional map drawing system, graphics and attribute data are generally stored in files completely separately, but with the increasing amount of graphics data, especially the requirements for centralized management and service of map data, this separate management can no longer meet the requirements. Current map data management needs.

Compared with file system management, the database of the present invention has the following advantages: high retrieval capability, easy implementation of data security management, data integrity check, concurrency control, data sharing, integrated management of graphics and attribute data, and can also be integrated with the operating system Tightly integrated.

In this embodiment, the acquired environmentally sensitive area thematic data is stored in the map table; a unique ID is assigned to each environmentally sensitive area in the map table, and the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data is associated with the ID; according to the environment The number of sensitive areas is used to divide the map table into the same number of map layer tables, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally a database of environmentally sensitive areas is constructed; each map layer table The basic attribute information and geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive areas are stored, and the data in each map layer table is called by the client to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive areas; the constructed environmentally sensitive area database covers the distribution of environmentally sensitive areas It can be updated and expanded in real time; through the background operation of the system, all geographical information and environmental sensitive area data can be edited, increased or decreased, etc. By establishing a multi-level audit mechanism, the database data can be updated in time to reflect the actual situation around the project in a timely manner In order to better serve the engineering feasibility study and planning review.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a server for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system in the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, construct the server of the environmentally sensitive area database based on the GIS system, including:

A data storage module, which is used to obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographic location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; Among them, the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information;

An ID allocation module, which is used to assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map, and associate the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data with the ID;

Map layer table construction module, which is used to divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs Environmentally sensitive area database; each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client.

In one embodiment, the server further includes: a spatial index table establishment module, which is used to establish a corresponding spatial index table for each map layer table according to the basic attribute information and geographic location information of environmentally sensitive areas, and use To assist in spatial analysis to speed up spatial analysis.

Wherein, the spatial index table in the spatial index table building module adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure.

The BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure is a spatial index that divides the space level by level from top to bottom.

BSP tree (Binary Space Partitioning Tree, two-dimensional space partition tree) is a binary tree that divides the space into two levels step by step, and it can well adapt to the distribution of space objects. Moreover, the depth of the BSP tree is generally very large, which affects the efficiency of various operations.

R-tree is another form of B-tree development to multi-dimensional space. It divides spatial objects into ranges. Each node corresponds to an area and a disk page. The disk pages of non-leaf nodes store the data of all its child nodes. Area range, the areas of all sub-nodes of non-leaf nodes fall within its area range; the disk pages of leaf nodes store the bounding rectangles of all spatial objects within their area range. The number of sub-nodes that each node can have has upper and lower limits, the lower limit ensures the effective use of disk space, and the upper limit ensures that each node corresponds to a disk page, but inserting a new node makes the space required by a node When larger than one disk page, the node is split in two. The R-tree is a dynamic index structure, that is, its query can be performed simultaneously with insertion or deletion, and the tree structure does not need to be reorganized periodically.

The R+ tree is similar to the R tree, the main difference is that the spatial regions corresponding to sibling nodes in the R+ tree do not overlap, so that the division of space eliminates the "dead area" generated by the R tree due to the overlap between nodes (one node within a node) Blank area that does not contain the data of this node), reducing the number of invalid queries and greatly improving the efficiency of spatial indexing, but for the operation of inserting and deleting spatial objects, the operation must ensure that the spatial areas do not overlap and the efficiency will decrease. At the same time, the R+ tree has redundancy for the data storage of spatial objects across regions, and as the data in the database increases, the redundant information continues to grow.

In one embodiment, the server further includes: a data input module, which is used to input the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas to the server in a raster data vectorization manner or manually.

The environmental sensitive area thematic data of the present invention is processed by using raster data vectorized input and manual input. In view of the situation that the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas are all paper data, this kind of paper data cannot be used directly. It must first be rasterized to convert the paper data into digital format, and the geographical The location, boundary and other data are entered into the system. However, during the rasterization operation, due to the problem of scanning accuracy and the fact that there are no coordinate parameters on the map, when the rasterized data is input into the system, there are often a series of boundary violations and incompatibility with the digital topographic map. The problem is that it is necessary to use manual means to first determine several positioning points on the boundary of the gridded thematic map of sensitive areas, and correct the stationary points of the sensitive area boundary according to the collected thematic data, and finally realize the sensitive area information in the system The same precision can be achieved on the same scale as the data in the thematic data. At the same time, in the process of manually correcting the relevant information of sensitive areas, the attribute data of each sensitive area is also entered, and the construction and correction of the sensitive area database are finally completed.

In one embodiment, the server further includes: a geographic location information classification module, which is used to classify the geographic location information corresponding to environmentally sensitive areas stored in each map layer table into node-type geographic location information according to the types of features in the map. Location information, arc-type geographic location information and polygon-type geographic location information; node-type geographic location information corresponds to point features, arc-type geographic location information corresponds to linear features, and polygon-type geographic location information corresponds to area Corresponding to the shape of the terrain. In this way, the type of feature can be matched with the corresponding geographic location information, and the corresponding feature can be displayed more accurately on the map.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system, characterized in that the method is completed in the server, which specifically includes: Step 1: Obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographical location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; wherein, the environmentally sensitive The basic attribute information of the area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information; Step 2: Assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map, and associate the thematic data of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area with the ID; Step 3: Divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs an environmentally sensitive area database; Each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographical location information corresponding to the environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client. 2. a kind of method for building database of environmentally sensitive areas based on GIS system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method also comprises: according to the basic attribute information and geographical location information of environmentally sensitive areas, for each map layer table Create a corresponding spatial index table to assist in spatial analysis and speed up the spatial analysis. 3. A method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system according to claim 1, wherein the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area is input to the server in the form of raster data vectorization or manually. 4. a kind of method for building an environmentally sensitive area database based on GIS system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, according to the feature type in the map, the geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area stored in each map layer table It is divided into node-type geographic location information, arc-type geographic location information and polygon-type geographic location information; node-type geographic location information corresponds to point features, arc-type geographic location information corresponds to linear features, and polygon The geographic location information corresponds to the surface features. 5. A method for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said spatial index table adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure. 6. A server for constructing an environmentally sensitive area database based on a GIS system, characterized in that it comprises: A data storage module, which is used to obtain the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area and store it in the map table; the thematic data of the environmentally sensitive area includes the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area and the geographic location information of the environmentally sensitive area detected by the GIS system; Among them, the basic attribute information of the environmentally sensitive area includes the level of the environmentally sensitive area, the establishment time of the affiliation relationship and the protection object information; An ID allocation module, which is used to assign a unique ID to each environmentally sensitive area in the map, and associate the corresponding environmentally sensitive area thematic data with the ID; Map layer table construction module, which is used to divide the map table into map layer tables of the same number according to the number of environmentally sensitive areas, each map layer table is associated with an ID and corresponds to an environmentally sensitive area, and finally constructs Environmentally sensitive area database; each map layer table stores the basic attribute information and geographic location information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area, and the data in each map layer table is used to display the map information of the corresponding environmentally sensitive area after being called by the client. 7. The server according to claim 6, further comprising: a spatial index table building module, which is used to create a map layer table for each map layer table according to the basic attribute information and geographic location information of environmentally sensitive areas. A corresponding spatial index table is used to assist in spatial analysis to speed up the spatial analysis. 8. The server according to claim 6, characterized in that, the server further comprises: a data input module, which is used to input the thematic data of environmentally sensitive areas to the server in the form of raster data vectorization or manually input to the server . 9. The server according to claim 6, further comprising: a geographical location information classification module, which is used to store the corresponding environmentally sensitive areas in each map layer table according to the type of features in the map. The geographic location information of the grid is divided into node-type geographic location information, arc-type geographic location information, and polygon-type geographic location information; node-type geographic location information corresponds to point-shaped features, and arc-type geographic location information corresponds to linear features Correspondingly, the polygonal geographic location information corresponds to the surface features. 10. The server according to claim 7, wherein the spatial index table in the spatial index table building module adopts a BSP tree, R tree or R+ tree structure.