CN106843140B - A kind of finishing tool method for planning track of double shrouded wheel - Google Patents
A kind of finishing tool method for planning track of double shrouded wheel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of finishing tool method for planning track of double shrouded wheel, comprising the following steps: Step 1: establishing model；Step 2: cutter type selecting；Step 3: division processing region；Step 4: reconstruct blade profile curved surface；Step 5: calculating cutter heart point；Step 6: calculating generating tool axis vector；Step 7: postpositive disposal；The method of the present invention carries out the blade finishing tool trajectory planning of double shrouded wheel, and the tool marks for obtaining finishing improve product working efficiency along grain direction；In addition milling is inserted using five axis of low-angle, cutter cutter distortion caused by by radial component is greatly reduced, improves blade processing precision；Can make that feed processing in both ends generates to connect tool marks smaller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machine manufacturing, in particular to a path planning method for a finish machining tool of a closed impeller.
Background
The closed impeller is widely applied to parts such as an aerospace engine compressor, a turbine pump and the like, the traditional process is a welding or casting structure, more and more closed impellers are processed by using an integral numerical control machining technology along with the development of the technology, the technology becomes a key technology in the aerospace engine manufacturing, and the finish machining tool path planning is the technical core of the technology. The closed impeller material in the aerospace engine is usually a high-temperature alloy, a titanium alloy or stainless steel and other difficult-to-machine materials, the curved surface of the blade is a ruled surface or a free curved surface, the machining precision requirement is high, and generally adopted methods are fixed-axis milling and clamp polishing, five-axis milling of a single curved surface, five-axis spiral milling taking a channel as a special-shaped pipeline or equal-height milling. The above methods have the following problems, respectively: low processing efficiency and poor surface quality; the processing precision is low, and the height of the tool connecting mark is too large; the tool mark is perpendicular to the streamline direction, and the product performance is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for planning a finish machining tool path of a closed impeller, which can enable a tool mark to be along an airflow direction, improve the surface quality and the machining precision, and reduce the height of the tool mark in the middle.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a finish machining tool path planning method for a closed impeller comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a model;
obtaining a closed impeller three-dimensional digital model, and defining a cone curved surface A, a back curved surface B, an inner hub surface H, an outer hub surface S, a front edge curved surface L and a tail edge curved surface T by using double 3-order tensor product B spline curved surfaces respectively; the characteristic curved surface forms a basic channel unit;
step two, selecting a cutter type;
analyzing the minimum cutter holding clearance, determining the geometric dimension of the cutter, wherein the structure with good openness is a taper ball-end milling cutter or a straight shank ball-end milling cutter, and the structure with poor openness is a lollipop milling cutter;
step three, dividing the processing area;
setting an initial interface in the middle of the channel unit to divide the processing ranges of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge for respectively feeding processing;
fourthly, reconstructing a leaf-shaped curved surface;
step five, calculating a cutter center point;
according to the surface roughness requirement of a closed impeller product, a group of u-direction parameter lines p (u) on a curved surface A of a blade basin, a curved surface B of a blade back, a curved surface H of an inner hub, a curved surface S of an outer hub, a curved surface L of a front edge and a curved surface T of a tail edge are respectively calculated according to an isoparametric method, the distance between adjacent parameter lines is the cutting line pitch, and an isoparametric point q is obtained by utilizing a recursion formula of a DeBoolean algorithmi,jNamely a cutter contact point; the contact point is cut to offset the radius R of the cutter along the normal vector of the curved surface to obtain a cutter center point Oi,j；
Step six, calculating a cutter shaft vector;
the first derivative at each tangent contact is calculated as follows:
wherein,is the first derivative vector at the parameter point,for controlling the set point, Nj,2(u) is a basis function;
in thatWith the normal vector of curved surfaceIn the plane omega formed, at each knife center pointThe rotation angle theta belongs to [5 DEG ], 10 DEG]Obtaining an initial cutter shaft vector; the characteristic curved surface moves forward by a cutter radius distance R along the normal vector of each point to obtain an equidistant surface of the curved surface: ρ (u, v) ═ p (u, v) + R · n; performing tool interference check by calculating overlap generation calculation between the cutter shaft and the curved surface rho (u, v), and if an intersection point rho (u) exists0,v0) Then is at Oi,j、And ρ (u)0,v0) The knife axis vector is wound around O in the plane omegai,jThe angle of rotation α, and back in the iterative iteration of intersection, the process is repeated until a rotation angle α is determined0So that the cutter shaft does not intersect the equidistant plane ρ (u, v); smoothing the cutter shaft vector on each u-direction parameter line by an interpolation method after obtaining all the cutter shaft vectors;
seventhly, post-processing;
after the fifth step and the sixth step are finished, all tool position data are obtained, after the NC codes are generated through post-processing, five-axis machining center equipment is applied to realize five-axis small-included-angle plunge milling blade machining along the direction from the air inlet edge to the initial interface or from the air outlet edge to the initial interface; the cutter path planning method is used for sequentially finishing the processing of the leaf basin, the leaf back, the inner hub, the outer hub and the corresponding front and tail edges, and processing traces are along the flow line direction.
Has the advantages that:
the method carries out the path planning of the blade finish machining cutter of the closed impeller, leads the cutter mark obtained by finish machining to flow along the flow line direction, and improves the working efficiency of the product; in addition, small-angle five-axis plunge milling is adopted, so that the deformation of the cutter caused by radial component force of the cutter is greatly reduced, and the machining precision of the blade is improved; the cutting connecting mark generated by the two-end cutting feed processing can be smaller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a shrouded impeller.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a tool.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cutter force.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the feed direction.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of surface reconstruction.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of arbor vector adjustment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tool path.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for planning a finish machining tool path of a closed impeller, which comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a model
Obtaining a closed impeller three-dimensional digital model, defining a cone curved surface as A, a back curved surface as B, an inner hub surface as H, an outer hub surface as S, a front edge curved surface as L and a tail edge curved surface as T by using a double 3-order tensor product B spline curved surface, wherein the characteristic curved surfaces form a basic channel unit as shown in figure 1:
defining the direction from the front edge to the tail edge (streamline direction) as a u direction, and the direction from the inner hub to the outer hub as a v direction, taking the blade basin curved surface A as an example, the double 3-order tensor product B spline surface is defined as:
u3≤u≤um+1,v3≤v≤vn+1
wherein d isi,j(i is 0,1, …, m; j is 0,1, …, n) is a control fixed point; n is a radical ofi,3(u)、Nj,3(v) Is a B spline basis function; m and n are respectively the number of control fixed points along the u and v directions.
Step two, selecting the type of the cutter
Analyzing the minimum cutter holding clearance, determining the geometric dimension of the cutter, preferably selecting a taper ball-end milling cutter or a straight shank ball-end milling cutter for a structure with good openness, and selecting a lollipop milling cutter for a structure with poor openness. As shown in fig. 2:
step three, dividing the processing area
Generally, a closed impeller with serious blade bending interference cannot complete all processing from one side, and both sides of an air inlet edge and an air outlet edge need to be respectively subjected to feed processing, so that an initial interface is set in the middle of a channel unit to divide two processing ranges.
Step four, reconstructing the leaf-shaped curved surface
The curved surface of the blade basin, the curved surface of the blade back, the curved surface of the leading edge and the curved surface of the trailing edge are all defined by double 3-order B spline surfaces, and the u parameter line can be expressed as:
wherein d isi(i-0, 1, …, n) is a control setpoint; n is a radical ofi,3(u) is a B-spline basis function; n is the number of control fixed points.
Usually, the u parameter line direction does not meet the streamline direction requirement, and at the intersection of the blade basin or the blade back curved surface and the inner hub or the outer hub, the u parameter line passes through the surface of the inner hub or the outer hub, which is not beneficial to generating a cutter track and needs to reconstruct the curved surface. Taking the leaf basin curve as an example, the reconstruction process is as follows: establishing a Cartesian coordinate system, wherein a Z axis is coaxial with the central axis of the impeller, and an X axis points to the direction of the blade; the curved surface is intersected with the curved surfaces of the inner hub and the outer hub to obtain an intersection line ph(u),ps(u)u∈[0,1](ii) a Recursion is carried out by utilizing a de Boolean algorithm to obtain a curve ph(u),ps(u) upward equal parameter point qi,j(i＝0,j＝0,1,…m)、qi,j(i ═ k, j ═ 0,1, … m), where i is the curve number and j is the data point number; the curved surface is intersected with the equally divided curved surfaces between the inner hub and the outer hub in turn, and the process is repeated for q0,jAnd q isk,jCan obtain (k-1) × (m-1) parameter points
i＝1,2,…,k-1，j＝0,1,…m
Wherein k is the number of curves in the plane, and m is the number of parameter points on a single curve.
The above-mentioned parameter points and curve ph(u),ps(u) the isoparametric points are combined into k m points to form a data point q in a topological rectangular arrayi,j(i is 0,1, …, k, j is 0,1, … m), performing inverse calculation of the B-spline surface, converting the B-spline surface into inverse calculation problems of k +1 and m + 1B-spline curves, taking the u-direction section curve as an example, and sequentially obtaining control fixed points by adopting the following matrix equation:
wherein, DeltaiThe segmentation is obtained by adopting an accumulated chord length parameterization method; d is a control fixed point; e is a boundary condition, and is determined by a vector cutting condition.
Wherein,andrespectively given first and last data points q0And q ismThe tangent of (c).
Through the above process, (k +1) × (m +1) control vertexes d of the B-spline surface are obtainedi,j(i-0, 1, …, k; j-0, 1, …, m). A pair of parameter values (u, v) are given in a curved surface definition domain, points on a B spline curve are calculated by using a de-Boolean algorithm according to k +1 control polygons of the v parameter values along the v parameter direction, and m +1 points are obtained to be used as middle vertexes to form a middle polygon; and then executing a de-boolean algorithm on the intermediate polygon by using the u parameter to obtain a curved surface p (u, v), namely finishing the positive calculation of the curved surface and finishing the reconstruction of the curved surface, as shown in fig. 5.
Step five, calculating a knife center point
Respectively positively calculating the leaf basin curve according to the surface roughness requirement of a closed impeller product and an isoparametric methodA group of u-direction parameter lines p (u) on the surface A, the blade back curved surface B, the inner hub surface H, the outer hub surface S, the front edge curved surface L and the tail edge curved surface T, the distance between adjacent parameter lines is the cutting line spacing, and the recurrence formula of the de-Boolean algorithm is utilized to obtain the isoparametric point qi,jNamely the cutter contact point. The contact point is cut to offset the radius R of the cutter along the normal vector of the curved surface to obtain a cutter center point Oi,j。
Step six, calculating cutter shaft vectors
On the basis of obtaining the u-direction parameter line and the parameter points on each characteristic surface in the step five, calculating a first derivative vector at each parameter point (namely the tangent point) according to the following formula:
wherein,is the first derivative vector at the parameter point,for controlling the set point, Nj,2And (u) is a basis function.
In thatWith the normal vector of curved surfaceIn the plane omega formed, at each knife center pointThe rotation angle theta belongs to [5 DEG ], 10 DEG]Obtaining an initial cutter shaft vector; characteristic curved surfaceAnd (3) moving a cutter radius distance R along the normal vector of each point in the forward direction to obtain an equidistant surface of the curved surface: ρ (u, v) ═ p (u, v) + R · n; through the cutter shaft (cross O)i,jRay of point along the vector direction of cutter shaft) and curved surface rho (u, v) to obtain overlap generation operation to make cutter interference check, if the intersection point rho (u, v) is existed0,v0) Then is at Oi,j、And ρ (u)0,v0) The knife axis vector is wound around O in the plane omegai,jThe rotation angle is α, and the process is repeated to determine a rotation angle α0So that the cutter shaft does not intersect the equidistant plane ρ (u, v). And smoothing the cutter shaft vector on each u-direction parameter line by an interpolation method after all the cutter shaft vectors are obtained. If the result is not converged all the time in the iterative calculation of the arbor vector correction, the interface position or the tool geometry needs to be modified, as shown in fig. 6.
Step seven, post-processing
And after the fifth step and the sixth step are finished, obtaining all tool position data, generating an NC code through post-processing, and then implementing five-axis small-included-angle plunge milling blade machining along the direction from the air inlet edge to the interface or from the air outlet edge to the interface by applying five-axis machining center equipment. The cutter path planning method can finish the processing of the leaf basin, the leaf back, the inner hub, the outer hub and the corresponding front and tail edges in sequence, and processing traces are along the flow line direction.
Step eight, processing simulation
And if necessary, performing machining simulation on the program subjected to post-processing, adjusting the interface or the geometric shape of the tool if interference occurs, planning the tool path again, and performing post-processing to generate an NC code.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A finish machining tool path planning method for a closed impeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a model;
obtaining a closed impeller three-dimensional digital model, and defining a cone curved surface A, a back curved surface B, an inner hub surface H, an outer hub surface S, a front edge curved surface L and a tail edge curved surface T by using double 3-order tensor product B spline curved surfaces respectively; the characteristic curved surface forms a basic channel unit;
step two, selecting a cutter type;
analyzing the minimum cutter holding clearance, determining the geometric dimension of the cutter, wherein the structure with good openness is a taper ball-end milling cutter or a straight shank ball-end milling cutter, and the structure with poor openness is a lollipop milling cutter;
step three, dividing the processing area;
setting an initial interface in the middle of the channel unit to divide the processing ranges of the air inlet edge and the air outlet edge for respectively feeding processing;
fourthly, reconstructing a leaf-shaped curved surface;
step five, calculating a cutter center point;
according to the surface roughness requirement of a closed impeller product, a group of u-direction parameter lines p (u) on a curved surface A of a blade basin, a curved surface B of a blade back, a curved surface H of an inner hub, a curved surface S of an outer hub, a curved surface L of a front edge and a curved surface T of a tail edge are respectively calculated according to an isoparametric method, the distance between adjacent parameter lines is the cutting line pitch, and an isoparametric point q is obtained by utilizing a recursion formula of a DeBoolean algorithmi,jNamely a cutter contact point; the contact point is cut to offset the radius R of the cutter along the normal vector of the curved surface to obtain a cutter center point Oi,j；
Step six, calculating a cutter shaft vector;
the first derivative at each tangent contact is calculated as follows:
wherein,is the first derivative vector at the parameter point,for controlling the set point, Nj,2(u) is a basis function;
in thatWith the normal vector of curved surfaceIn the plane omega formed, at each knife center pointThe rotation angle theta belongs to [5 DEG ], 10 DEG]Obtaining an initial cutter shaft vector; the characteristic curved surface moves forward by a cutter radius distance R along the normal vector of each point to obtain an equidistant surface of the curved surface: ρ (u, v) ═ p (u, v) + R · n; performing tool interference check by calculating overlap generation calculation between the cutter shaft and the curved surface rho (u, v), and if an intersection point rho (u) exists0,v0) Then is at Oi,j、And ρ (u)0,v0) The knife axis vector is wound around O in the plane omegai,jThe angle of rotation α, and back in the iterative iteration of intersection, the process is repeated until a rotation angle α is determined0So that the cutter shaft does not intersect the equidistant plane ρ (u, v); smoothing the cutter shaft vector on each u-direction parameter line by an interpolation method after obtaining all the cutter shaft vectors;
seventhly, post-processing;
after the fifth step and the sixth step are finished, all tool position data are obtained, after the NC codes are generated through post-processing, five-axis machining center equipment is applied to realize five-axis small-included-angle plunge milling blade machining along the direction from the air inlet edge to the initial interface or from the air outlet edge to the initial interface; the cutter path planning method is used for sequentially finishing the processing of the leaf basin, the leaf back, the inner hub, the outer hub and the corresponding front and tail edges, and processing traces are along the flow line direction.
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