CN106848823A - A kind of 8 word chamber locked mode post vector optical fiber lasers based on model selection coupler - Google Patents
A kind of 8 word chamber locked mode post vector optical fiber lasers based on model selection coupler Download PDFInfo
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 8 word chamber locked mode post vector optical fiber lasers based on model selection coupler, including pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre, single-mode fiber, the first Polarization Controller, the second Polarization Controller, three-dB coupler, isolator, coupler and model selection coupler；The output end of pumping source is connected with short wavelength's input of wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of wavelength division multiplexer passes sequentially through gain fibre, single-mode fiber, the first Polarization Controller and is connected with 1 port input of three-dB coupler, 2 port inputs of three-dB coupler are connected with the long wave long port of wavelength division multiplexer, 4 ports of three-dB coupler pass sequentially through isolator, coupler, model selection coupler and are connected with 3 ports of three-dB coupler, a 8 word resonators are constituted, the second Polarization Controller is connected to the less fundamental mode optical fibre output end of model selection coupler.The present invention has the advantages that optical fiber laser output pulse is narrow, post vector laser polarization purity is high, small, low cost is lost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fiber lasers, and particularly relates to an 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler.
Background
In recent years, cylindrical vector lasers, especially cylindrical vector lasers with ultra-short pulse width, have received great attention due to their symmetric polarization characteristics and intensity characteristics, and the focusing characteristics of radial polarized light at high numerical apertures, and are widely used in the fields of material processing, optical tweezers, optical fiber sensing, surface plasma excitation, optical fiber communication, and the like.
At present, the column vector laser is mainly obtained by accurately regulating and controlling the light polarization state of a bulk free space device such as a spatial phase modulator, a combined half-wave plate, a birefringent crystal, a sub-wavelength grating and the like. However, the device is used for generating the cylindrical vector laser, strict requirements are imposed on the precision degree and the action range of the device, and the optical path is not easy to integrate and the manufacturing cost is high.
In recent years, excitation of a high-order mode and acquisition of column vector laser by using an all-fiber method become research hotspots, the high-order mode is mainly excited by using a fiber dislocation coupling method, a few-mode fiber grating is used as a transverse high-order mode selection unit, and ultrashort pulse column vector laser is acquired by combining a mode locking technology, for example, the invention patent with the publication number of CN102544999B and the name of 'an all-fiber axisymmetric polarized beam laser based on the few-mode fiber grating and a generation method'. The advantage of exciting the column vector laser by the all-fiber method of the dislocation coupling and few-mode grating is simple structure and easy integration, however, the disadvantage is that: (1) the high-order mode loss generated by the optical fiber dislocation coupling method is large, the column vector laser slope efficiency is low, the output power is small, and the application of the column vector laser slope efficiency in long-distance optical fiber communication and optical fiber sensing systems is limited; (2) when a high-order mode is generated by a dislocation coupling method, few-mode gratings are required to be used for mode selection, and the few-mode gratings are high in preparation technical requirement, long in period, high in price and low in practicability. Therefore, how to realize a low-loss, high-efficiency, all-fiber and low-cost method to obtain an ultrashort pulse column vector laser with high purity, high stability and compact structure is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex structure, large loss, low efficiency, high manufacturing cost and the like of the ultrashort pulse column vector laser generated in the prior art, and provides a novel method for generating the ultrashort pulse column vector laser, namely an 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector optical fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler. A nonlinear amplification loop mirror is formed by the 8-shaped cavity, so that mode locking operation is realized, and ultrashort pulse width laser output is obtained; and a mode selection coupler is arranged in the cavity, so that high-purity and high-efficiency ultrashort pulse column vector laser output is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is an 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector optical fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a single-mode fiber, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a 3dB coupler, an isolator, a coupler and a mode selection coupler; the output end of the pumping source is connected with the short-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the 1-port input end of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the gain fiber, the single-mode fiber and the first polarization controller, the 2-port input end of the 3dB coupler is connected with the long-wavelength port of the wavelength division multiplexer, the 4-port of the 3dB coupler is connected with the 3-port of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the isolator, the coupler and the mode selection coupler to form an 8-shaped resonant cavity, and the second polarization controller is connected with the few-mode fiber output end of the mode selection coupler.
Furthermore, the mode selection coupler can selectively output different modes at different fiber output ends, has two functions of mode conversion and mode selection, and has small insertion loss.
Due to the action of a nonlinear amplification loop mirror in the 8-shaped cavity, optical pulses are output from the output end of the 4 port of the 3dB coupler, enter the input end of the mode selection coupler after passing through the isolator and the coupler, the mode selection coupler realizes mode conversion from a fundamental mode LP01 to a high-order mode LP11, the fundamental mode LP01 is output from the output port of the single-mode fiber, and the high-order mode LP11 is output from the output end of the few-mode fiber.
And a nonlinear amplification ring mirror formed in the 8-shaped resonant cavity is used as a saturable absorber for mode locking, and when the first polarization controller is adjusted, ultrashort optical pulses are output at the output end.
By adjusting the second polarization controller, ultrashort pulse column vector laser which is annularly distributed and has higher polarization purity can be obtained at the output end of the few-mode fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects;
(1) the invention uses the mode selection coupler as the mode conversion device in the laser resonant cavity, the loss is small, the efficiency is high, and the polarization purity of the obtained column vector light is high; the mode selection coupler is used as a mode selection device in a laser resonant cavity to replace few-mode gratings, and the mode selection coupler is economical, convenient and high in cost performance.
(2) The invention adopts the all-fiber 8-shaped resonant cavity to realize the mode locking of the laser, has simple structure, narrow pulse width of the output laser pulse and stable performance.
(3) The invention adopts the all-fiber structure, the laser has high output efficiency and compact structure, is not interfered by external factors, and can continuously and stably work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mode selection coupler.
FIG. 2 is a graph of effective refractive index at 1550 nm for the LP01 mode in single mode fibers and the LP11 mode in few mode fibers as a function of fiber radius.
Fig. 3 is a graph of power periodic exchange in a coupling region by simulating LP01 mode in a single mode fiber and LP11 mode in a few mode fiber with Rsoft software.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the mode spot of the mode selective coupler in the high-order mode (LP11) at the output end of the few-mode fiber, obtained by the CCD test.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler
FIG. 6 is a graph of the output spectrum of an 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode-selective coupler.
FIG. 7 is a waveform of the output time domain of an 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selective coupler; wherein (a) multiple time domain pulse shape maps are output for the laser, and (b) a single time domain pulse shape map is output for the laser.
FIG. 8 is a column vector laser mode spot pattern obtained by CCD detection and a laser mode spot pattern after a polarizer is added; the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding angular polarized laser output into a polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate, (f) the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding radial polarized laser into the polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate, and the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding radial polarized laser into the polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the average power of the laser output pulses as a function of pump power.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector optical fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler, which comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain optical fiber, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a single mode optical fiber, a 3dB coupler, a coupler, an isolator and the mode selection coupler; the output end of the pumping source is connected with the short-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the 1-port input end of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the gain fiber, the single-mode fiber and the first polarization controller, the 2-port output end of the 3dB coupler is connected with the long-wavelength port of the wavelength division multiplexer, the 4-port of the 3dB coupler is connected with the isolator, the coupler and the 3-port of the mode selection coupler and the 3-port of the 3dB coupler to form an 8-shaped resonant cavity, and the second polarization controller is connected with the few-mode fiber output end of the mode selection coupler.
The mode selection coupler converts a fundamental mode (LP01) in a single-mode fiber into a high-order mode (LP11) in a few-mode fiber, outputs LP01 mode at a single-mode fiber output port, outputs LP11 mode at a few-mode fiber output port, selectively outputs different modes at different fiber output ends, has two functions of mode conversion and mode selection, and is small in insertion loss.
The invention utilizes the nonlinear amplification ring mirror formed in the 8-shaped cavity to output mode-locked pulses, and the output pulses are in nanosecond level by adjusting the first polarization controller.
The ultra-short pulse column vector laser with high polarization purity can be obtained at the output end of the coupler by adjusting the first polarization controller and the second polarization controller through the combined action of the mode selection coupler and the 8-shaped cavity.
The invention combines 8-shaped cavity mode locking technology to realize a mode locking column vector optical fiber laser. The output spectrum is stable, the loss is small, the pulse width is narrow, and the polarization purity of the column vector light is high.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mode selection coupler, which operates according to the following principle:
according to a coupling mode theory and a coupling mode equation:
where z represents the distance of coupling, β1And β2Propagation constants of a certain mode excited in the LP01 mode and the few-mode fiber in the single-mode fiber respectively; a. the1And A2The mode field amplitudes of the excited certain mode in the LP01 mode and the few-mode fiber in the single-mode fiber respectively; c11And C22Is a self-coupling coefficient; c12And C21Are mutual coupling coefficients. The self-coupling coefficient is small and negligible relative to the mutual coupling coefficient, and is approximately C12＝C21And (C), calculating the optical power of two output ports of the coupler according to the formula:
when β2With the propagation constant of the LP11 mode in few-mode fibers,if the phase difference is equal to β at this time, the phase difference is delta β1-β2And is zero, i.e., the LP01 mode in single mode fiber and the LP11 mode in few mode fiber reach a condition of phase matching, at which time,
P1(z)＝cos2(cz),P2(z)＝sin2(cz)。
the above equation shows that, under the condition of phase matching, the two modes perform periodic power exchange, and the function of converting the LP01 mode into the LP11 mode is realized; the LP01 mode is output at the output end of the single-mode optical fiber, the LP11 mode is output at the output end of the few-mode optical fiber, and different modes are selectively output at different output ends of the optical fiber, so that the function of mode selection is realized.
The phase matching is realized by the method that the phase β is equal to neffk0Wherein k is0Is a propagation constant in vacuum, neffThe effective refractive index of a mode varies with the diameter of the fiber, so that when the diameter of the single-mode fiber and the diameter of the few-mode fiber are matched, the phases of the LP01 mode in the single-mode fiber and the LP11 mode in the few-mode fiber are matched. Fig. 2 shows the variation of the effective refractive index of LP01 mode in single mode fiber and LP11 mode in few mode fiber at 1550 wavelength with the variation of core radius obtained by simulation with COMSOL software. Fig. 3 is a simulation diagram showing the periodic power exchange between the LP01 mode and the LP11 mode obtained by simulation calculation based on the Beam Propagation Method (BPM) using the diameter parameter of the optical fiber for phase matching obtained by Rsoft simulation. The mode selection coupler is manufactured by a fused biconical taper method according to simulation parameters shown in fig. 3, the mode spots at the output end of the few-mode fiber are observed by a CCD (charge coupled device), and as shown in fig. 4, the purity of a high-order mode (LP11) at the output end of the few-mode fiber of the mode selection coupler is measured to be more than 96%, and the insertion loss of the mode selection coupler is less than 1 dB.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler according to the present invention. The device comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a single-mode fiber, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a 3dB coupler, an isolator, a coupler and a mode selection coupler; wherein,
the output end of the pumping source is connected with the short-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the 1-port input end of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the gain fiber, the single-mode fiber and the first polarization controller, the 2-port output end of the 3dB coupler is connected with the long-wavelength port of the wavelength division multiplexer, the 4-port of the 3dB coupler is connected with the isolator, the coupler and the 3-port of the mode selection coupler to form an 8-shaped resonant cavity, and the second polarization controller is connected with the few-mode fiber output end of the mode selection coupler.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the pump source is used as the excitation source of the 8-shaped resonant cavity and is used for outputting pump light to the short-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the wavelength division multiplexer is used for multiplexing pump light with different wavelengths and feedback laser input by the long-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer into the optical fiber resonant cavity, the gain fiber (erbium-doped) is used for providing light amplification, the nonlinear effect of the standard single-mode fiber is increased, the first polarization controller controls the polarization state of the light, the 3dB coupler is used for splitting the light and divides the light into two paths, the first path is optically connected with the long-wavelength end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the second path is optically connected with the optical isolator (ensuring unidirectional transmission of the light), then the coupler is connected, a small amount of light is used as the output end for detection, most of the light is left in the resonant cavity for resonance, and then the high-order mode is output by the few-, the single-mode fiber output end of the mode selection coupler is connected with the other input end of the 3dB coupler to form an 8-shaped resonant cavity. The laser device comprises a gain fiber, a single-mode fiber, a first polarization controller and a 3dB coupler, wherein the gain fiber, the single-mode fiber, the first polarization controller and the 3dB coupler are arranged in a resonant cavity on the left side of an 8-shaped resonant cavity, the non-linear amplification environment of the fiber is formed to realize mode locking on the light, a mode-locked fiber laser device is formed, the 8-shaped resonant cavity outputs a high-order mode at the output end of a few-mode fiber due to the existence of a mode selection coupler, the polarization state of a mode field is accurately controlled by adjusting a second polarization controller, and column vector laser which is annularly distributed and has high polarization purity is obtained. The whole 8-shaped resonant cavity can realize mode locking pulse output and column vector laser output.
FIG. 6 shows the output spectrum of an 8-cavity mode-locked cylindrical vector fiber laser based on a mode selective coupler, with a bandwidth of 5.5nm, a center wavelength of 1556nm, and a side-mode suppression ratio of 35 dB.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the output waveform of an 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler; wherein (a) multiple time domain waveforms are output for the laser, and (b) a single time domain waveform is output for the laser, and the pulse width obtained from the graphs is about 20ns, and the pulse repetition frequency is 0.66 MHz.
FIG. 8 shows a cylindrical vector laser mode pattern obtained by CCD detection and a laser mode pattern after a polarizer is added; the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding angular polarized laser output into a polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate, (f) the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding radial polarized laser into the polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate, and the polarized light field distribution is obtained by adding radial polarized laser into the polarizing plate and changing the optical axis direction of the polarizing plate. The test results showed that the polarization purity of the obtained column vector beam was more than 91.3%.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the average power of the laser output pulses as a function of pump power. The experimental test results that the slope efficiency of the laser is 1.5%.
The above-mentioned embodiments further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on a mode selection coupler, comprising: the device comprises a pumping source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a single-mode fiber, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a 3dB coupler, an isolator, a coupler and a mode selection coupler; wherein,
the output end of the pump source is connected with the short-wavelength input end of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the 1-port input end of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the gain fiber, the single-mode fiber and the first polarization controller, the 2-port input end of the 3dB coupler is connected with the long-wavelength port of the wavelength division multiplexer, the 4-port of the 3dB coupler is connected with the 3-port of the 3dB coupler sequentially through the isolator, the coupler and the mode selection coupler to form an 8-shaped resonant cavity, and the second polarization controller is connected with the few-mode fiber output end of the mode selection coupler.
2. The 8-cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on the mode selective coupler of claim 1, wherein the mode selective coupler can selectively output different modes at different fiber output ends, has two functions of mode conversion and mode selection, and has small insertion loss.
3. The 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on the mode selection coupler of claim 2, wherein due to the action of the nonlinear amplification loop mirror in the 8-shaped cavity, optical pulses are output from the output end of the 4-port of the 3dB coupler, enter the input end of the mode selection coupler after passing through the isolator and the coupler, mode conversion from the fundamental mode LP01 to the high-order mode LP11 is realized through the mode selection coupler, the fundamental mode LP01 is output at the output end of a single-mode fiber, and the high-order mode LP11 is output at the output end of a few-mode fiber.
4. The 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on the mode selection coupler of claim 1, wherein the mode locking is performed by using a non-linear amplification ring mirror formed in the 8-shaped cavity as a saturable absorber, and when the first polarization controller is adjusted, the ultra-short optical pulse is output at the output end.
5. The 8-shaped cavity mode-locked column vector fiber laser based on the mode selection coupler of claim 4, wherein the ultrashort pulse column vector laser with annular distribution and high polarization purity is obtained at the output end of the few-mode fiber by adjusting the second polarization controller.
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