CN106848345B - A kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure and its electricity-generating method - Google Patents
A kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure and its electricity-generating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106848345B CN106848345B CN201710115699.XA CN201710115699A CN106848345B CN 106848345 B CN106848345 B CN 106848345B CN 201710115699 A CN201710115699 A CN 201710115699A CN 106848345 B CN106848345 B CN 106848345B
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-stage fuel cell structures, multi-stage fuel cell structure includes anode, electrolyte layer, cathode, electrode current collecting body, fuel flow channel, oxidant flow channel, Fuel Cell Control converter, electrode voltages at different levels are controlled by Fuel Cell Control converter, higher electrode voltage is controlled close to upstream end, electrode voltage is successively reduced along runner, decline to preferably solve the fuel concentration as caused by fuel reaction along runner, flow path upstream " dry " phenomenon and flow paths downstream " water logging " phenomenon, the problems such as battery performance decline and anode destruction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of new energy technologies, and in particular to a kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure and its electricity-generating method.
Background technique
In fuel cell operations, fuel and oxidant each lead into battery.Using hydrogen as the proton exchange of fuel
For membrane cell, in battery operation, hydrogen reaches anode through diffusion, generates H through catalytic action+And electronics, H+With water
Hydrionic form is closed across proton exchange membrane.Oxygen enters cathode into diffusion, generates oxonium ion and warp through catalytic action
It crosses the hydrogen ion combination that proton exchange membrane comes to form water and discharge a large amount of heat, electronics is moved from external circuit from anode to cathode
It moves and generates electric current.Electrode reaction and overall reaction are as follows:
Anode:
Cathode:
Overall reaction:
In fuel cell practical work process, due to fuel consumption and the progress of reaction, it may create the problem that
(1) since fuel consumption, fuel concentration streamwise constantly reduce, fuel concentration deficiency be easy to cause electric current close
Degree decline.
(2) fuel concentration streamwise constantly reduces, and cell reaction is uneven, if battery is in same discharge voltage
Under, battery each section discharging efficiency is low.
(3) in low-temperature fuel cell: due to mobilization, the water that fuel-side generates is continuously increased, and is held in flow paths downstream
" water logging " phenomenon is easily caused, diffusion of the fuel gas to electrolyte is hindered, so as to cause battery performance decline.
(4) in high-temperature fuel cell: in flow path upstream side, since fuel is in liberal supply, electrochemical reaction is violent, import
Water entrained by fuel is insufficient, causes the phenomenon that " dries up ", be easy to cause hot-spot phenomenon, influence fuel battery service life
Deng.
(5) in high-temperature fuel cell: due to fuel consumption, reducing atmosphere is destroyed, due to extraneous at runner exit
Air enters, and anode nickel is caused to be oxidized.
Patent CN105742667A discloses a kind of improvement drainage performance cathode flow field plate biomimetic features, by accelerating cathode
The water of generation prevents " water logging " phenomenon.But this method can not solve flow path upstream " dry " phenomenon and high-temperature fuel electricity
The raised problem of pond downstream steam partial pressure.Patent CN102170002A discloses a kind of fuel cell channel depth with flowing side
To the flow passage structure of variation, the invention by the flow channel depth that successively decreases step by step come the flow velocity of regulating gas and pressure drop, but the party
Method can not solve the problems, such as fuel concentration along runner decline, flow path upstream " dry " phenomenon and flow paths downstream " water logging " phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in prior art defect is overcome, provide it is a kind of by electrode current collecting body,
Classification is handled while anode and cathode, controls fuel cell in upper output not at the same level by Fuel Cell Control converter
Different voltage, thus preferably solve due to after fuel reaction concentration along runner decline, flow path upstream " dry " phenomenon, runner
The multi-stage fuel cell structure of the problems such as downstream " water logging " phenomenon, battery performance decline and anode destruction.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides include cathode, electrolyte layer, anode, electrode current collecting body, combustion
Stream road, oxidant flow channel；The electrolyte layer is between cathode and anode；The cathode and the electric current collection for being located at cathode side
It fluidly connects and surrounds to form oxidant flow channel；The anode connect and surrounds to form combustion with the electrode current collecting body for being located at anode-side
Stream road；Battery is divided into 2 grades or multistage along the fuel flowing direction of the multi-stage fuel cell, respectively grade 1, grade 2 ...
Grade n, fuel sequentially passed through from import it is at different levels, the multi-stage fuel cell structure further include for control each step voltage fuel electricity
Pond control converter, the Fuel Cell Control are connect with cathode, anode respectively with converter；The multi-stage fuel cell
State is remained electrically isolated between electrode current collecting bodies at different levels, remains electrically isolated from state between the anodes at different levels of the multi-stage fuel cell
And isolation, state and isolation are remained electrically isolated between the cathodes at different levels of the multi-stage fuel cell, it will each single electricity
Pond along airflow direction it is at different levels between form state of insulation or isolation, to prevent gas sideways diffusion, cell cathode
State and isolation are remained electrically isolated between at different levels, to prevent electric current lateral transmisstion.
As an improvement, Fuel Cell Control is discharge instrument with converter.
As an improvement, multiple monomers of multi-stage fuel cell structure are connected to form battery pile laterally side by side, multiple monomers are total
With cathode, electrolyte layer, anode and electrode current collecting body and Fuel Cell Control converter.
As an improvement, multiple monomers of multi-stage fuel cell structure are longitudinally connected to form battery pile side by side, Zong Xiangshang is adjacent
Two multi-stage fuel cell structures alone common electrode collectors.
As an improvement, multiple monomers of multi-stage fuel cell structure are connected laterally side by side, multiple monomers are longitudinally connected side by side,
Laterally multiple multi-stage fuel cell structures alone common cathodes, electrolyte layer, anode and electrode current collecting body and Fuel Cell Control
With converter, longitudinally adjacent two multi-stage fuel cells structures alone common electrode collector.
It is as follows using above-mentioned multi-stage fuel cell structure electricity-generating method:
(1), the fuel flow channel entrance in above-mentioned multi-stage fuel cell structure is passed through fuel, while in oxidant flow channel
It is passed through oxidant；
(2), electrode voltages at different levels are controlled by Fuel Cell Control converter, controls higher electrode close to upstream end
Voltage successively reduces electrode voltage along runner.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: at fuel inlet, fuel concentration is higher, and electrochemical reaction speed is very fast, combustion
Material carrying water content is less, can control electrochemical reaction speed by improving the method for electrode voltage.In low temp fuel electricity
Chi Zhong slows down downstream " water logging " due to controlling upstream electrochemical reaction speed；It, can be to avoid upstream in high-temperature fuel cell
Hot-spot caused by faster electrochemical reaction, to solve the problems, such as upstream " dry ", while preventing fuel in the mistake of upstream
Early consumption, causes exit anode to be easily in oxidizing atmosphere, anode nickel is caused to be oxidized, and destroys anode.Under fuel cell
Region is swum, electrochemical reaction speed is slower, can be by reducing voltage, Lai Tigao current density, so that fuel be promoted more to fill
Divide reaction, improves fuel availability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is three levels of fuel cells structural perspective of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is three levels of fuel cells structural section figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the multiple monomer lateral connections of multi-stage fuel cell of the present invention form battery pile；
Fig. 4 is the longitudinally connected composition battery pile of the multiple monomers of multi-stage fuel cell of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the multiple monomer lateral connections of multi-stage fuel cell of the present invention and the longitudinally connected composition battery of multiple monomers
Heap；
In figure:
1- cathode, 2- electrolyte layer, 3- anode, 4- electrode current collecting body.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the specific technical solution of the present invention is illustrated.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is a kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure.With the three levels of fuel cells heap monomer structure in attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 2
Schematic diagram is illustrated, and multi-stage fuel cell is mainly by cathode 1, electrolyte or dielectric film 2, anode 3, electrode current collecting body 4, combustion
Stream road and oxidant flow channel composition.It is more by taking flow channel length is the multi-stage fuel cell of 10cm as an example (size is only used to illustrate)
Grade fuel cell be divided into 3 grades along runner direction: grade 1(3cm), grade 2(4cm) and grade 3(3cm).Wherein, electrode current collectings at different levels
It insulate independently of each other between body 4.It insulate independently of each other between anode 3 is at different levels.It insulate independently of each other between cathode 1 is at different levels.Fuel
Multi-stage fuel cell fuel flow channel and oxidant flow channel are each led into oxidant.It is the multi-stage fuel electricity of 1.2V with desired voltage
For pond: passing through discharge instrument (one kind of Fuel Cell Control converter, be merely to illustrate) respectively in grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3
Controlling voltage is 1.1V, 1.0V and 0.9V, is converted voltage to by transformer etc. on 3 electrode plate of LITHIUM BATTERY 1, grade 2 and grade
Required output voltage.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3: in multi-stage fuel cell transverse direction, (quantity is served only for five single battery composition battery piles
It is bright).Monomer common cathode 1, dielectric film 2, anode 3 and the electrode current collecting body 4 of five multi-stage fuel cells.On runner direction
Battery pile is divided into 3 grades: grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3(classification quantity are served only for illustrating).Multi-stage fuel cell electrode current collecting bodies 4 at different levels
Between electrically insulated from one another.It insulate independently of each other between anode 3 is at different levels.It insulate independently of each other between cathode 1 is at different levels.In multi-stage fuel
It is each by discharge instrument (Fuel Cell Control converter one kind, be merely to illustrate) control herein respectively in cell operations
Step voltage is successively reduced along runner direction.Voltage is converted to by transformer etc. on 3 electrode plate of LITHIUM BATTERY 1, grade 2 and grade
Required output voltage.
Embodiment 3
It is as shown in Figure 4: on multi-stage fuel cell longitudinal direction, multiple battery composition fuel cell structure (two batteries of Fig. 4
It is illustrated).On longitudinal direction, two neighboring fuel cell common electrode collector 4.In fuel cell channel direction by battery
It is divided into multistage (battery is divided into 3 grades in Fig. 4 to be illustrated).Cell stack anode 3 is divided into multistage along runner direction.Battery pile yin
Pole 1 is divided into multistage on fuel cell direction.In fuel cell pack discharge process, battery pile is at different levels to pass through discharge instrument respectively
(Fuel Cell Control converter one kind, be merely to illustrate herein) control voltage, successively reduces voltage along runner direction.?
Required output voltage is converted for voltage by transformer etc. on 3 electrode plate of LITHIUM BATTERY 1, grade 2 and grade.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 5: in multi-stage fuel cell transverse direction, (quantity is served only for five single battery composition battery piles
It is bright).Monomer common cathode 1, dielectric film 2, anode 3 and the electrode current collecting body 4 of five multi-stage fuel cells.It is vertical in fuel cell
Upwards, multiple battery composition stack structure for fuel battery (Fig. 5 is illustrated with two batteries), to form criss-cross electricity
Chi Dui.Battery pile is divided into 3 grades on runner direction: grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3(classification quantity are served only for illustrating), fuel cell is each
Electrically insulated from one another between grade electrode current collecting body 4.It insulate independently of each other between anode 3 is at different levels.It is mutually indepedent exhausted between cathode 1 is at different levels
Edge.In fuel cell pack discharge process, battery pile it is at different levels respectively by discharge instrument (Fuel Cell Control with converter one kind,
It is merely to illustrate herein) control voltage, voltage is successively reduced along runner direction.Lead on 3 electrode plate of LITHIUM BATTERY 1, grade 2 and grade
It crosses transformer etc. and converts required output voltage for voltage
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, several improvement can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, it is all according to
According to technical spirit any trickle amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement to the above embodiments of the invention, this should be included in
Within the protection scope of inventive technique scheme.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure, including cathode (1), electrolyte layer (2), anode (3), electrode current collecting body (4)；It is described
Electrolyte layer (2) is located between cathode (1) and anode (3)；The cathode (1) and the current collector body (4) for being located at cathode (1) side
It connects and surrounds to form oxidant flow channel；The anode (3) connect and surrounds with the electrode current collecting body (4) for being located at anode (3) side
Form fuel flow channel；Battery is divided into 2 grades or multistage, respectively grade 1, grade along the fuel flowing direction of the multi-stage fuel cell
2 ... grade n, fuel sequentially pass through at different levels from import, it is characterised in that: the multi-stage fuel cell structure further includes fuel electricity
Pond control converter, the Fuel Cell Control are connect with cathodes at different levels (1), anode (3) respectively with converter；The multistage
Remain electrically isolated from state between the electrode current collecting bodies at different levels (4) of fuel cell, the anodes at different levels (3) of the multi-stage fuel cell it
Between remain electrically isolated from state and isolation, remained electrically isolated between the cathodes at different levels (1) of the multi-stage fuel cell state and
Isolation, thus by each monocell along airflow direction it is at different levels between form state of insulation or isolation.
2. multi-stage fuel cell structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Fuel Cell Control converter
For discharge instrument.
3. multi-stage fuel cell structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the multi-stage fuel cell structure it is more
A monomer is connected to form battery pile, multiple monomer common cathodes (1), electrolyte layer (2), anode (3) and electrode collection laterally side by side
Fluid (4) and Fuel Cell Control converter.
4. multi-stage fuel cell structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the multi-stage fuel cell structure it is more
A monomer is longitudinally connected to form battery pile, longitudinal two neighboring monomer common electrode collector (4) side by side.
5. multi-stage fuel cell structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the multi-stage fuel cell structure it is more
A monomer is connected laterally side by side, and multiple monomers are longitudinally connected side by side, lateral multiple monomer common cathodes (1), electrolyte layer
(2), anode (3) and electrode current collecting body (4) and Fuel Cell Control converter, longitudinal two neighboring monomer common electrode collection
Fluid (4).
6. multi-stage fuel cell structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electrolyte layer (2) is electrolyte
Film.
7. a kind of method using any multi-stage fuel cell structure power generation of claim 1-6, the specific steps are as follows:
(1), the fuel flow channel entrance in the multi-stage fuel cell structure is passed through fuel, while being passed through in oxidant flow channel
Oxidant；
(2), Fuel Cell Control controls electrode voltages at different levels with converter, successively reduces each electrode electricity along fuel flow channel direction
Pressure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710115699.XA CN106848345B (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-03-01 | A kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure and its electricity-generating method |
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| CN201710115699.XA CN106848345B (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-03-01 | A kind of multi-stage fuel cell structure and its electricity-generating method |
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| CN106848345A CN106848345A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| CN106848345B true CN106848345B (en) | 2019-10-18 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3990912A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-11-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrolyte regeneration in a fuel cell stack |
| CN1453893A (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-05 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with high output voltage |
| CN1538545A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-10-20 | 刘奥宇 | Controllable metal fuel battery |
| CN1658417A (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-24 | 爱信精机株式会社 | Catalyst supporting method for polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN1971995A (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-30 | 通用汽车环球科技动作公司 | Cascaded stack with gas flow recycle in the first stage |
| CN106299419A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
-
2017
- 2017-03-01 CN CN201710115699.XA patent/CN106848345B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3990912A (en) * | 1972-07-17 | 1976-11-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrolyte regeneration in a fuel cell stack |
| CN1453893A (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-05 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with high output voltage |
| CN1538545A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-10-20 | 刘奥宇 | Controllable metal fuel battery |
| CN1658417A (en) * | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-24 | 爱信精机株式会社 | Catalyst supporting method for polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN1971995A (en) * | 2005-11-03 | 2007-05-30 | 通用汽车环球科技动作公司 | Cascaded stack with gas flow recycle in the first stage |
| CN106299419A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-04 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
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| CN106848345A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
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Address after: No. 1, Tongshan University Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Applicant after: CHINA University OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY Address before: 221000 Xuzhou University Road, Jiangsu, No. 1 Applicant before: CHINA University OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY |
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