CN106833536A - 一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物 - Google Patents
一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯50~90份,反式‑1,3,3,3‑四氟丙烯5~30份,氟乙烷5~20份,本发明的组合物具有GWP低、绿色环保、制冷效果好、润滑剂相容性好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制冷剂组合物,尤其涉及一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物。
背景技术
由于《蒙特利尔议定书》和《京都议定书》的签订,各国对制冷剂CFC-12(二氟二氯甲烷)替代物的要求越来越高,除了要求新的制冷剂对臭氧层没有损害这一基本要求外,还要求新的制冷剂具有尽可能低的GWP(全球变暖潜能值)。
目前市场上制冷剂CFC-12的替代品主要是HFC-134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)。虽然HFC-134a具有良好的热力性能,ODP(臭氧消耗潜能值)为0,不可燃,但是由于其GWP为1370,不符合当前全球节能减排的要求,所以迫切需要研发环境性能更加出众,同时热力性能不比HFC-134a差的新型制冷剂。
以HFC为代表的第三代制冷剂,虽然ODP值为零,对臭氧层没有破坏作用,但其具有较高的GWP值,被京都议定书列入温室气体,欧洲议会通过F-gas法规限制高GWP值含氟气体的使用,2016年10月15日,近200个国家参加的《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》第28次缔约方会议于卢旺达首都基加利通过了关于削减氢氟碳化物(简称HFCs)的议定书修正案,各国达成了HFCs削减的时间表协议,国际社会在应对气候变化领域达成了一致共识。
HFO-1234yf(2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯),分子式为CH2=CFCF3,相对分子量为114.04,标准沸点为-29.5℃,临界温度为94.7℃,临界压力为3.38MPa,具有良好的热力性能,排气温度非常低,可以避免在恶劣的工况下,过高的排气温度破坏压缩机电机的线圈,同时避免过高的温度使得压缩机润滑条件恶化,润滑油分解。作为单一工质制冷剂,具有优异的环境参数,其臭氧损耗潜势ODP=0,全球变暖潜能GWP=4,寿命期气候性能(LCCP)低于HFC-134a,大气分解物与HFC-134a相同。在相同的汽车空调工况下,HFO-1234yf的制冷系数低于HFC-134a,单位体积制冷量也偏低,但是HFO-1234yf的排气温度非常低,同时具有很大的饱和液体比体积。若选用HFO-1234yf替代HFC-134a制冷剂,则汽车生产商就可以继续沿用原车载空调(Mobile Air-Conditioning,MAC)系统。所以HFO-1234yf被认为是较具潜力的新一代汽车制冷剂替代品,目前在西欧已被汽车生产商所接受,在2011年开始逐步推广。HFO-1234yf的GWP和大气寿命相比较其他替代HFC-134a的制冷剂具有明显的环境优势,但其具有低度可燃性,有引起火灾的隐患。
另外,当制冷剂组合物用于制冷体系时,还需要考虑制冷剂组合物与润滑剂的相容性问题。在一个制冷、空调、或热传递系统中,期望润滑油和制冷剂在该系统的至少一些部分中可以彼此相接触,如在ASHRAE手册:HVAC系统和设备中所说明的。因此,不论该润滑剂和制冷剂是被单独还是作为一个预混合包装中的一部分而加入到一个制冷、空调、或热传递系统中,仍期望它们在该系统中相接触并且因此必须是相容的。
当制冷剂组合物用于制冷体系时,必须有足够的润滑剂返回到体系的压缩机,使得压缩机被润滑,润滑剂的适宜性由制冷剂/润滑剂特性和体系本身的特性决定。现在使用在氢氟烃(HFC)制冷体系和氢氯氟烃(HCFC)制冷体系中的润滑剂包括矿物油、硅油、多烷基苯、聚亚烷基二醇、聚亚烷基二醇酯、多元醇酯、聚乙烯基醚。对于HFC的制冷体系,通常优选使用聚亚烷基二醇、聚亚烷基二醇酯、聚乙烯基醚和多元醇酯作为润滑剂。对于HCFC的制冷体系,通常采用矿物油或者多烷基苯作为润滑剂。
同时,基于以上思路,研究人员开发含了多种基于HFO-1234yf的组合物,通过添加其他的组分来提高制冷效果,提高与润滑油的相容性,同时结合各组分的优势,最大 程度减小不利因素。
如中国专利文件CN1285699C公开了一种以氟乙烷(HFC-161)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)和1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)组成的三元组合物;
中国专利文件CN101765648A公开了一种以1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye)和其他化合物组成的混合物;
中国专利文件CN101851490A公开了一种以2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、trans-1,3,3,3-四氟乙烷(HFC-1234ze(E))和1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)组成的混合物;
中国专利文件CN101864277A公开了一种以2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)和二甲醚(DME)组成的混合物;
中国专利文件CN102066518A公开了一种以2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)和1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)组成的混合物;
中国专利文件CN102083935A公开了一种1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234yf)组成的混合物;
中国专利文件CN104403637A公开了一种具有良好润滑剂相容性的四氟丙烯组合物及制备方法,按重量份数,其组成为:氟修饰的含Ni类水滑石0.4-15份,硅烷偶联剂0.002-0.25份,润滑剂49.5-985份,2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯4000-90000份,氟乙烷0-60000份,1,1-二氟乙烷0-15000份,异丁烷0-5000份,双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺基化3-甲基-1-丙基吡啶0.8-1份。
上述专利中公开的制冷剂组合物存在或GWP偏高、或不可直接充灌应用于制冷系统、或可燃性较大、或不能使用矿物油等缺点,因此,需要开发具有更好制冷性能,与现有系统更好兼容以及具有更好环保性能的新制冷剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种绿色环保、制冷效果好、润滑剂相容性好、GWP低的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯50~90份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯5~30份,氟乙烷5~20份。
作为优选,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯60~80份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15~30份,氟乙烷5~10份。
作为优选,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯70~80份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15~20份,氟乙烷5~10份。
本发明还公开了该含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物的制备方法,即将所述组分按其重量配比在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到所述的制冷剂组合物。
本发明所述的组合物全球变暖潜能值不大于10。
本发明所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物可以用于汽车、客车及铁路空调系统、家用制冷系统、商业制冷系统、工业制冷系统和冷水机组系统中。
本发明所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物用于上述系统中时,优选向所述的制冷剂组合物中加入至少一种选自以下的助剂:润滑剂、增溶剂、分散剂、孔稳定剂。所述的润滑剂优选矿物油、硅油、多元醇酯。
本发明所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物用于上述系统中时,还优选向所述的制冷剂组合物中加入醚类化合物。所述的醚类化合物可选自二甲基醚、芳基醚、氢氟代醚、聚亚氧烷基二醇醚等,醚类化合物更优选为二甲醚、三氟乙烯基芳基醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基甲基醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,2-三氟乙基醚、聚二醇醚中的一种。
本发明所述的HFO-1234yf(2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯),分子式为CH2=CFCF3,相对分子量为114.04,标准沸点为-29.5℃,临界温度为94.7℃,临界压力为3.38MPa,具有良好的热力性能,排气温度非常低,可以避免在恶劣的工况下,过高的排气温度破坏压缩机电机的线圈,同时避免过高的温度使得压缩机润滑条件恶化,润滑油分解。作为单一工质制冷剂,具有优异的环境参数,其臭氧损耗潜势ODP=0,全球变暖潜能GWP=4,寿命期气候性能(LCCP)低于HFC-134a,大气分解物与HFC-134a相同。在相同的汽车空调工况下,HFO-1234yf的制冷系数低于HFC-134a,单位体积制冷量也偏低,但是HFO-1234yf的排气温度非常低,同时具有很大的饱和液体比体积。若选用HFO-1234yf替代HFC-134a制冷剂,则汽车生产商就可以继续沿用原车载空调(Mobile Air-Conditioning,MAC)系统。
本发明所述的HFO-1234ze(1,3,3,3四氟丙烯),E型,沸点为-19℃,不燃,无毒,具有优异的环境参数,ODP=0,GWP=6,寿命期气候性能(LCCP)低于HFC-134a,大气分解物与R134a相同,而且其系统性能优于R134a,被认为是最有潜力替代R134a用于 制冷剂、发泡剂、气溶胶推进剂等行业的第四代制冷剂。
本发明所述的HFC-161,ODP值为零,其GWP值极低,为12,仅为HCFC-22的0.66%,与碳氢相当;同时其光雾效应值POCP远远低于碳氢,综合环境性能优于HCFC-22和碳氢。HFC-161具有与HCFC-22类似的基本物性参数,其饱和蒸汽压曲线略低于HCFC-22,与R-290接近。
本发明的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物以2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、氟乙烷为混配组分,结合了各组分的优势,最大程度减少了不利因素。本发明的组合物具有GWP低、绿色环保、制冷效果好、润滑剂相容性好的优点。
本发明中的原料均可市售取得。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、饱和液体比体积较大,可以大大减少制冷系统中制冷剂的充灌量;
2、环境性能好,ODP为0,GWP相对于HFC大大降低;
3、排气温度低,延长压缩机的使用寿命,提高了制冷设备的可靠性;
4、既可以使用合成油,也可以使用矿物油,降低了成本;
5、制冷系数,单位体积制冷量以及运行压力均和HFC相近,可直接替换现有制冷剂,无需更换压缩机。
6、具有良好阻燃性。为
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明,但本发明并不局限于所述的实施例。
实施例1
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯90kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯5kg,氟乙烷5kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例2
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯80kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15kg,氟乙烷5kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例3
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯70kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯20kg,氟乙烷10kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例4
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯60kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯20kg,氟乙烷20kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例5
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯50kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯30kg,氟乙烷20kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例6
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯70kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯25kg,氟乙烷5kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例7
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯80kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯5kg,氟乙烷15kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例8
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯75kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯20kg,氟乙烷5kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
实施例9
将2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯70kg,1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15kg,氟乙烷15kg在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到制冷剂组合物。
性能测试:
将实施例1-9所得产品进行性能测试,结果见表1。其中:
燃烧性试验:按照美国ASTM-E681-01标准做燃烧性试验,其中LFL为燃烧极限的低限值,LFL值越大,燃烧性越低。
COP测试:将实施例1-9所得产品和HFO-1234yf分别与润滑油和醚类化合物混合后测定其性能。在不同的蒸发温度和冷凝温度下测定了HFO-1234yf和1-9所得产品的COP值。
表1:实施例1-9所得产品及HFO-1234yf性能比较
Claims (10)
1.一种含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯50~90份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯5~30份,氟乙烷5~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯60~80份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15~30份,氟乙烷5~10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数,其组成为:2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯70~80份,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯15~20份,氟乙烷5~10份。
4.权利要求1所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将所述组分按其重量配比在液相状态下进行物理混合,得到所述的制冷剂组合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物,其特征在于,所述的组合物全球变暖潜能值不大于10。
6.权利要求1所述的含有氢氟烯烃的制冷剂组合物在汽车、客车及铁路空调系统、家用制冷系统、商业制冷系统、工业制冷系统和冷水机组系统中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于向所述的制冷剂组合物中加入至少一种选自以下的助剂:润滑剂、增溶剂、分散剂、孔稳定剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于所述的润滑剂选自矿物油、硅油、多元醇酯。
9.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于向所述的制冷剂组合物中加入醚类化合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于所述的醚类化合物选自二甲醚、三氟乙烯基芳基醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基甲基醚、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,2-三氟乙基醚、聚二醇醚中的一种。
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US20220154056A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-05-19 | Zhejiang Quhua Fluor-Chemistry Co Ltd | Composition of fluoroolefin and fluoroalkane |
CN113528091A (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-10-22 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | 一种含hfc-161的环保型制冷组合物 |
CN113528091B (zh) * | 2020-04-09 | 2023-03-24 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | 一种含hfc-161的环保型制冷组合物 |
CN111944489A (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-17 | 浙江衢化氟化学有限公司 | 一种含有氟代烃的组合物及其制备方法 |
CN111944489B (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-10-29 | 浙江衢化氟化学有限公司 | 一种含有氟代烃的组合物及其制备方法 |
CN113480978A (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-08 | 国节新辉科技(浙江)有限公司 | 一种替代r22的制冷剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113637458A (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 制冷工质、制冷装置及应用 |
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EP3561020A1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
EP3561020A4 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
WO2018120257A1 (zh) | 2018-07-05 |
CN106833536B (zh) | 2019-08-20 |
JP6596589B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
US20210189207A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
KR102115769B1 (ko) | 2020-05-27 |
JP2019508518A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
KR20180090295A (ko) | 2018-08-10 |
US11104833B2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
EP3561020B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
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