CN106756452A - A kind of isothermal hardening vermicular cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of isothermal hardening vermicular cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005279 austempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 39
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 229910001126 Compacted graphite iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001074 Tenite Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于蠕墨铸铁领域,涉及一种等温淬火蠕墨铸铁及其制备方法。一种等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备方法如下:将蠕墨铸铁件加热至奥氏体化温度,保温处理至使奥氏体碳饱和;将经处理后的蠕墨铸铁件快速置入等温淬火介质中,冷却至马氏体开始转变温度以上、贝氏体转变温度区进行等温淬火;将经等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁件置于空气中自然冷却至室温,完成等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备。采用本发明的方案,经等温淬火处理后,制备的蠕墨铸铁,蠕化率≥80%、贝氏体含量85%‑90%、富碳奥氏体含量10%‑15%,材料既保持了蠕墨铸铁良好的导热性又可使Rm≥900MPa、硬度≥330HB、ak≥40J/cm2,提高了工件的使用寿命。
The invention belongs to the field of vermicular graphite cast iron, and relates to an austempering vermicular graphite cast iron and a preparation method thereof. A preparation method of austempered vermicular graphite cast iron is as follows: heating the vermicular graphite cast iron to the austenitizing temperature, heat preservation treatment until the austenite carbon is saturated; quickly placing the treated vermicular graphite cast iron into the austenitic quenching medium In the process, cool to above the martensitic transformation temperature and bainite transformation temperature region to carry out austempering; place the austempered compacted graphite iron casting in the air and naturally cool to room temperature to complete the preparation of the austempered compacted graphite cast iron. Adopting the scheme of the present invention, after austempering, the vermicular graphite cast iron prepared has a creep rate ≥ 80%, a bainite content of 85%-90%, and a carbon-rich austenite content of 10%-15%. In addition to the good thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron, R m ≥ 900MPa, hardness ≥ 330HB, a k ≥ 40J/cm 2 , which improves the service life of the workpiece.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于蠕墨铸铁领域,涉及一种等温淬火蠕墨铸铁及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of vermicular graphite cast iron, and relates to an austempering vermicular graphite cast iron and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
蠕墨铸铁是一种石墨形态介于片状和球状之间的一种新型工程材料,兼有灰铸铁良好的导热性、减震性及球墨铸铁良好的耐磨性和高强度,既可以用于柴油发动机机体、缸盖、钢锭模、玻璃模具的制造,又可以用于气缸套、刹车片、制动鼓、进排气歧管等的制造。Vermicular graphite cast iron is a new type of engineering material whose graphite shape is between flake and spherical. It has good thermal conductivity and shock absorption of gray cast iron and good wear resistance and high strength of ductile cast iron. It can be used It is used in the manufacture of diesel engine bodies, cylinder heads, steel ingot molds, and glass molds, and can also be used in the manufacture of cylinder liners, brake pads, brake drums, intake and exhaust manifolds, etc.
随着汽车安全性、动力性的升级,市场对高安全性、高强度、高耐磨性、长疲劳寿命的相关零件的需求日益迫切,如制动鼓、刹车盘及气缸套等。另外,人们对零件的可靠性和使用奉命也提高了更高的要求。目前使用的蠕墨铸铁基体一般为铁素体、珠光体或者两者的混合物,使用时由于强度、硬度较低导致耐磨性不够而出现磨损严重,韧性不足导致抗热疲劳性能差而使用寿命下降。With the upgrading of automobile safety and power, the market has increasingly urgent demand for related parts with high safety, high strength, high wear resistance and long fatigue life, such as brake drums, brake discs and cylinder liners. In addition, people have also raised higher requirements for the reliability and use of parts. The matrix of vermicular graphite cast iron currently used is generally ferrite, pearlite or a mixture of the two. During use, due to low strength and hardness, the wear resistance is insufficient and severe wear occurs, and insufficient toughness leads to poor thermal fatigue resistance and long service life. decline.
等温淬火工艺是指,把钢件加热使其奥氏体化并均匀化后,使之快冷到贝氏体转变温度区间(260~400℃),放入温度稍高于Ms点的硝盐浴或碱浴中,等温保持一定时间,使奥氏体转变为贝氏体,然后取出置于空气中冷却的淬火工艺。用等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁制成的零件既保持了蠕墨铸铁导热性好的优点,又增加了基体的强度和韧性,提高了零件的耐磨性及抗断能力,拓宽了蠕墨铸铁的使用范围。The austempering process refers to heating the steel to make it austenitized and homogenized, then quickly cooling it to the bainite transformation temperature range (260~400°C), and putting in nitrate with a temperature slightly higher than the Ms point Bath or alkali bath, isothermally maintained for a certain period of time to transform austenite into bainite, and then take it out and place it in the air to cool the quenching process. Parts made of compacted graphite cast iron after austempering not only maintain the advantages of good thermal conductivity of compacted graphite cast iron, but also increase the strength and toughness of the matrix, improve the wear resistance and fracture resistance of parts, and broaden the scope of compacted graphite cast iron range of use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为解决蠕墨铸铁使用时由于强度、硬度较低导致耐磨性不够而出现磨损严重的技术问题,公开了一种等温淬火蠕墨铸铁及其制备方法。The invention discloses an austempering vermicular graphite cast iron and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the technical problem of severe wear due to insufficient wear resistance due to low strength and hardness when the vermicular graphite cast iron is used.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种等温淬火蠕墨铸铁,其化学成份重量百分比为:C:3.55-3.65%、Si:2.35-2.5%、Mn:0.7-0.9%、Sn:0.055-0.062%、S:0.01-0.02%、P:0.01-0.02%,余量为Fe。A kind of austempering vermicular graphite cast iron, its chemical composition weight percent is: C: 3.55-3.65%, Si: 2.35-2.5%, Mn: 0.7-0.9%, Sn: 0.055-0.062%, S: 0.01-0.02%, P: 0.01-0.02%, the balance is Fe.
所述蠕墨铸铁的制备方法如下:The preparation method of described compacted graphite cast iron is as follows:
(1)将蠕墨铸铁件加热至890±10℃的奥氏体化温度,保温处理至使奥氏体碳饱和;(1) Heat the vermicular graphite iron casting to the austenitization temperature of 890±10°C, and heat-preserve it until the austenite carbon is saturated;
(2)将经步骤(1)处理后的蠕墨铸铁件快速置入等温淬火介质中,冷却至马氏体开始转变温度以上、贝氏体转变温度区进行等温淬火;(2) Quickly put the compacted graphite iron casting processed in step (1) into the austempering medium, cool to the temperature above the martensite transformation temperature, and carry out austempering in the bainite transformation temperature region;
(3)将经步骤(2)等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁件置于空气中自然冷却至室温,完成等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备。(3) Place the compacted graphite cast iron after the austempering in the step (2) to cool naturally in the air to room temperature, and complete the preparation of the austempered compacted graphite cast iron.
所述步骤(1)中,蠕墨铸铁件的奥氏体化保温处理的时间为1.5-2.5h。In the step (1), the time for austenitizing heat preservation treatment of the vermicular graphite iron casting is 1.5-2.5 hours.
所述步骤(2)中,等温淬火介质为重量百分数各为50%的熔融NaNO2和KNO2。In the step (2), the austempering medium is molten NaNO 2 and KNO 2 , each of which is 50% by weight.
所述步骤(2)中,等温淬火温度为250-350℃。In the step (2), the austempering temperature is 250-350°C.
所述步骤(2)中,在等温淬火介质中处理的时间为0.5-1.5h。In the step (2), the treatment time in the austempering medium is 0.5-1.5h.
所述蠕墨铸铁的基体组织为:体积百分比为85%-90%的贝氏体和体积百分比为10%-15%的富碳奥氏体。The matrix structure of the compacted graphite cast iron is: bainite with a volume percentage of 85%-90% and carbon-rich austenite with a volume percentage of 10%-15%.
本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)采用本发明的方案,经等温淬火处理后,制备的蠕墨铸铁,蠕化率≥80%,等温淬火蠕墨铸铁材料既保持了蠕墨铸铁良好的导热性又可使Rm≥900MPa、硬度≥330HB、ak≥40J/cm2,提高了工件的使用寿命。(1) Adopting the solution of the present invention, after austempering, the vermicular graphite cast iron prepared has a creep rate ≥ 80%. The austempered vermicular graphite cast iron material not only maintains the good thermal conductivity of the vermicular graphite cast iron, but also makes R m ≥ 900MPa, hardness ≥ 330HB, a k ≥ 40J/cm 2 , which improves the service life of the workpiece.
(2)本发明在890±10℃保温1.5-2.5h奥氏体化后,快速淬入250-350℃的盐浴中等温保持0.5-1.5h,然后出炉空冷,可得到体积百分比分别为85%-90%的贝氏体及体积百分比为10%-15%的富碳奥氏体的基体的蠕墨铸铁,本发明技术方案简单,可操作性强,在生产企业中均易方便快捷地使用,提高了铸铁质量。(2) In the present invention, after austenitization at 890±10°C for 1.5-2.5h, it is quickly quenched into a salt bath at 250-350°C for 0.5-1.5h at an isothermal temperature, and then it is air-cooled out of the furnace to obtain volume percentages of 85 %-90% bainite and 10%-15% volume percentage of carbon-rich austenite matrix vermicular graphite cast iron, the technical scheme of the present invention is simple, the operability is strong, and it is easy and fast to be used in production enterprises. Use, improve the quality of cast iron.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例1中蠕墨铸铁透射电镜图。Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope picture of vermicular graphite cast iron in embodiment 1.
图2为实施例2中蠕墨铸铁透射电镜图。Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the vermicular graphite cast iron in embodiment 2.
图3为实施例3中蠕墨铸铁透射电镜图。Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope picture of the vermicular graphite cast iron in embodiment 3.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1Example 1
(1)将蠕墨铸铁件加热至880℃的奥氏体化温度,保温处理2.5h至使奥氏体碳饱和。(1) Heat the vermicular graphite iron casting to the austenitizing temperature of 880°C, and heat it for 2.5 hours to saturate the austenite carbon.
(2)将经步骤(1)处理后的蠕墨铸铁件,快速置入重量百分数各为50%的熔融NaNO2和KNO2的等温淬火介质中,冷却至马氏体开始转变温度以上、贝氏体转变温度区进行等温淬火,等温淬火温度为350℃,在等温淬火介质中处理的时间为0.5h。(2) Put the compacted graphite iron casting processed in step (1) into the austempering medium of molten NaNO 2 and KNO 2 with a weight percentage of 50% respectively, and cool it to the temperature above the martensite transformation temperature. Austempering is carried out in the tenite transformation temperature zone, the austempering temperature is 350°C, and the treatment time in the austempering medium is 0.5h.
(3)将经步骤(2)等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁件置于空气中自然冷却至室温,完成等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备。(3) Place the compacted graphite cast iron after the austempering in the step (2) to cool naturally in the air to room temperature, and complete the preparation of the austempered compacted graphite cast iron.
(4)经等温淬火处理后,制备的蠕墨铸铁如图1所示,蠕化率80%、贝氏体含量85%、富碳奥氏体含量15%、抗拉强度Rm为900MPa、硬度为330HB、ak为40J/cm2。(4) After austempering, the prepared vermicular graphite cast iron is shown in Figure 1, with a creep rate of 80%, a bainite content of 85%, a carbon-rich austenite content of 15%, and a tensile strength R m of 900 MPa. The hardness is 330HB, and a k is 40J/cm 2 .
实施例2Example 2
(1)将蠕墨铸铁件加热至890℃的奥氏体化温度,保温处理1.5h至使奥氏体碳饱和。(1) Heat the vermicular graphite iron casting to the austenitizing temperature of 890°C, and heat-preserve it for 1.5h to saturate the austenite carbon.
(2)将经步骤(1)处理后的蠕墨铸铁件,快速置入重量百分数各为50%的熔融NaNO2和KNO2的等温淬火介质中,冷却至马氏体开始转变温度以上、贝氏体转变温度区进行等温淬火,等温淬火温度为250℃,在等温淬火介质中处理的时间为1.5h。(2) Put the compacted graphite iron casting processed in step (1) into the austempering medium of molten NaNO 2 and KNO 2 with a weight percentage of 50% respectively, and cool it to the temperature above the martensite transformation temperature. Austempering is carried out in the tenite transformation temperature zone, the austempering temperature is 250°C, and the treatment time in the austempering medium is 1.5h.
(3)将经步骤(2)等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁件置于空气中自然冷却至室温,完成等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备。(3) Place the compacted graphite cast iron after the austempering in the step (2) to cool naturally in the air to room temperature, and complete the preparation of the austempered compacted graphite cast iron.
(4)经等温淬火处理后,制备的蠕墨铸铁如图2所示,蠕化率88%、贝氏体含量87%、富碳奥氏体含量13%、抗拉强度Rm为910MPa、硬度为345HB、ak为42J/cm2。(4) After austempering, the prepared vermicular graphite cast iron is shown in Figure 2, with a creep rate of 88%, a bainite content of 87%, a carbon-rich austenite content of 13%, and a tensile strength R m of 910MPa. The hardness is 345HB, and a k is 42J/cm 2 .
实施例3Example 3
(1)将蠕墨铸铁件加热至900℃的奥氏体化温度,保温处理1h至使奥氏体碳饱和。(1) Heat the vermicular graphite iron casting to the austenitizing temperature of 900°C, and heat it for 1 hour to saturate the austenite carbon.
(2)将经步骤(1)处理后的蠕墨铸铁件,快速置入重量百分数各为50%的熔融NaNO2和KNO2的等温淬火介质中,冷却至马氏体开始转变温度以上、贝氏体转变温度区进行等温淬火,等温淬火温度为300℃,在等温淬火介质中处理的时间为1h。(2) Put the compacted graphite iron casting processed in step (1) into the austempering medium of molten NaNO 2 and KNO 2 with a weight percentage of 50% respectively, and cool it to the temperature above the martensite transformation temperature. Austempering is carried out in the tenite transformation temperature zone, the austempering temperature is 300°C, and the treatment time in the austempering medium is 1h.
(3)将经步骤(2)等温淬火后的蠕墨铸铁件置于空气中自然冷却至室温,完成等温淬火蠕墨铸铁的制备。(3) Place the compacted graphite cast iron after the austempering in the step (2) to cool naturally in the air to room temperature, and complete the preparation of the austempered compacted graphite cast iron.
(4)经等温淬火处理后,制备的蠕墨铸铁如图3所示,蠕化率90%、贝氏体含量90%、富碳奥氏体含量10%、抗拉强度Rm为890MPa、硬度为320HB、ak为38J/cm2。(4) After austempering, the prepared vermicular graphite cast iron is shown in Figure 3, with a creep rate of 90%, a bainite content of 90%, a carbon-rich austenite content of 10%, and a tensile strength R m of 890 MPa, The hardness is 320HB, and a k is 38J/cm 2 .
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CN107893189A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-04-10 | 滨州渤海活塞有限公司 | High magnesium low rare earth austenite vermicular cast iron, its preparation method and its application |
CN107893189B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-09-20 | 滨州渤海活塞有限公司 | The low rare earth austenite vermicular cast iron of high magnesium, preparation method and its application |
CN113862553A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Isothermal quenching synthetic vermicular cast iron RuT1000-2 and preparation method thereof |
CN113862553B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-11-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Isothermal quenching synthetic vermicular cast iron RuT1000-2 and preparation method thereof |
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