CN106746420B - Treatment system and treatment method for oily sludge - Google Patents
Treatment system and treatment method for oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/141—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axial flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/02—Feeding devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
- B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
- C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
- C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment system and a treatment method of oily sludge. The treatment system comprises crushing equipment, a vibrating screen, a sedimentation device, an ejector, a high-speed crushing device, a water storage device and separation equipment for separating oil, water and sludge; the crushing equipment is used for primarily crushing the oil-containing sludge and is provided with an oil floating space and a first oil floating outlet which can be opened and closed; the vibrating screen is positioned at the upper part of the sedimentation device; the precipitation device is used for precipitating the oil-containing sludge after screening; the high-speed crushing device is used for crushing the oily sludge into fine particles; the sedimentation device is sequentially connected with the ejector, the high-speed crushing device and the separation equipment, and the water outlet of the water storage device is connected with the water inlet of the ejector. The treatment system is applicable to dehydration of various types of oil-containing sludge, can remove the oil content of the oil sludge to below 3%, can recover oil to the maximum extent, and can not produce secondary pollution such as waste water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment system and a treatment method of oily sludge.
Background
The oil sludge mainly refers to oil-containing sludge formed by crude oil or other oil products, soil and the like caused by various reasons, and oil-containing sediment and the like carried by a system in normal production of an oil field, and is solid waste rich in mineral oil, and the main components are crude oil, mud and water. The solid particle size may be from less than a micron to a few inches, and the composition of the oil may vary over time depending on the crude oil type, refinery architecture and operating conditions. Usually, the sludge contains a certain amount of crude oil, heavy metal ions (such as iron, copper, nickel and the like), inorganic salt compounds and the like. These sludge generally contains substances such as benzene series, phenols and the like, and is accompanied with malodor and toxicity, if the sludge is directly contacted with natural environment, the soil is poisoned, acidified or alkalized, the soil and soil texture structure is changed, the plant root system growth is prevented, the water body and vegetation are polluted greatly, and the waste of petroleum resources is also meant.
The oily sludge belongs to a multiphase system, generally comprises oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O) and suspended solids, suspended solids and colloid particles in the sludge are fully emulsified with oil and water to form a stable suspension emulsion system, the viscosity is higher, and sedimentation is difficult. The method has the characteristics of complex components, high water content, large volume, large quantity of harmful components exceeding the emission standard, higher heat value, few comprehensive utilization modes, large treatment difficulty and the like.
According to the Chinese hazardous waste directory, the oil sludge is listed in the oil-containing waste class (HW 08 item) in the national hazardous waste directory. Its long-term and potential environmental hazards are attracting great attention. The development of oil sludge management and prevention technology research is an important task of the national environmental protection work at present. Therefore, how to make the oil-containing sludge harmless and recycling is also an important environmental protection problem to be solved in advance of the oil refining industry.
The existing treatment technologies of solid wastes such as oil-containing sludge mainly comprise an incineration method, a biodegradation method, a solvent extraction method, a tempering-mechanical separation method, a concentration drying method, a microwave treatment method and the like, and the defects of the methods can be summarized into two types: one type such as incineration and biodegradation is focused on controlling pollutant emission, and recycling of oil resources is omitted; the other types of the methods such as solvent extraction, tempering-mechanical separation, heat washing and pyrolysis can recover oil resources, but the secondary pollution of waste water and waste residue to the environment is difficult to control, and the methods cannot achieve balance between the environment and benefits.
For example, the solvent extraction method is to select a proper organic solvent to extract the organic matters in the oil sludge according to the principle of 'similar compatibility', then to recover the oil content in the extract liquid by distillation, and to separate the solvent from the mixture by distillation for recycling. The method has the advantages that the process is simple, the extractant can be reused, the extractant has the defects of high price, a large amount of solvent loss in the recycling process, and the oil content of the treated oil sludge is more than about 5 percent and can not reach the current emission standard of solid pollutants.
Tempering-mechanism separation method: since oily sludge is generally a stable suspension emulsion system, the oily sludge is conditioned prior to dewatering. Besides coagulant and coagulant aid, surfactant, demulsifier, pH regulator and other reinforcing means, etc. are also added to improve physical properties of sludge, change properties and arrangement state of oil-containing sludge particles, destroy colloid stability and raise dewatering performance of sludge. But the core technology is a three-phase separation device with high-speed centrifugation, which is basically monopolized by countries such as Europe and America, and the like, and the devices are difficult to produce in China. Disadvantages of the temper-separation technique: because of the wide variety of oily sludge, existing dewatering machinery and chemical combinations are not universally applicable. Therefore, the research on the tempering-mechanical separation technology is limited to a single or a few oil sludge samples, the universality is poor, and when different oil-containing sludge is adopted, the coagulant (type, adding amount and adding mode), the demulsifier (type, adding amount and adding mode), the model and the operation parameters of the dewatering machine need to be determined again. Furthermore, when the oil content of the sludge is low, the centrifugal separation economic benefit is poor. Because the solid content in the centrifuge is higher and the sludge treatment effect is affected, the method has lower sludge treatment capacity and can not meet the requirement of the existing large-scale treatment.
Chemical hot washing method: the oily sludge is repeatedly washed by hot water solution, and a high-efficiency and proper chemical agent is added in the washing process, and then the solid-liquid separation is realized by standing and precipitating after heating, mixing and stirring. The separated oil phase enters an oil storage tank after being treated, the cleaning liquid can be recycled, and the residual sludge is dehydrated and reprocessed for recycling. The screening and use of chemical reagents are key to the chemical heat washing process, and the principles of reducing interfacial tension, emulsifying action, changing wettability, rigidity interface film and the like are mainly involved in the separation process of heating and stirring. However, the method is only suitable for the recovery treatment of the floor crude oil with higher oil content and lighter emulsification and the crude oil of oil sand, and is not suitable for the treatment of the oil sludge with serious emulsification; a large amount of expensive chemical agent needs to be added, resulting in high cost; the treated residues have higher oil content, the water content of the separated sludge residues is more than 90 percent, and the sludge residues contain a large amount of chemical agents, so that the secondary pollution problems of waste water, waste residues and the like can be caused, and the sludge residues need to be further treated and utilized.
In addition, although the solvent extraction method, the tempering-mechanical separation method, the chemical heat washing method and other methods can recover oil resources in the sludge, because the oil-containing sludge contains more impurities including large stones, wood, metal objects, plastic objects, woven bags and the like, the raw materials generally need to be pretreated such as screening and the like in the recovery process, the impurities in the raw materials are removed, and then the raw materials and the medicaments are mixed together; and because the viscosity of the oily sludge is high, impurities are adhered to the soil, the impurities are difficult to completely remove by pretreatment, and the rest impurities seriously obstruct the normal operation of equipment and facilities.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a treatment system and a treatment method of oily sludge. The treatment system can be suitable for dewatering various types of oily sludge, expands the application range, can remove the oil content of the oily sludge to below 3%, can recover oil to the maximum extent, does not generate waste water, has very low oil content in the deoiled sludge waste residue, meets the discharge standard of solid pollutants, does not produce secondary pollution to the environment, and is very suitable for on-site popularization and application.
The invention provides a treatment system of oily sludge, which comprises crushing equipment, a vibrating screen, a precipitation device, an ejector, a high-speed crushing device, a water storage device and one or more separation equipment for separating oil, water and sludge;
the crushing equipment is used for primarily crushing the oily sludge and comprises a crushing cylinder body, wherein a floating oil space is arranged above the crushing cylinder body, a first floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed is arranged on a wall body above the crushing cylinder body, and an oily sludge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the crushing cylinder body;
the vibrating screen is positioned at the upper part of the sedimentation device and is used for screening the oily sludge discharged by the crushing equipment;
The sedimentation device is used for receiving and settling the oil-containing sludge after screening, and is provided with a second floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed;
the high-speed crushing device is used for further crushing the oily sludge into fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles;
the sedimentation device is sequentially connected with the ejector, the high-speed crushing device and the separation equipment, and the water outlet of the water storage device is connected with the water inlet of the ejector. Namely, the sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of the centrifugal machine, the water outlet of the centrifugal machine is connected with the water inlet of the water storage device, the sludge outlet of the precipitation device is connected with the sludge inlet of the jet device, the sludge outlet of the jet device is connected with the sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device, and the sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device is connected with the sludge inlet of the separation device.
The crushing equipment further comprises an inlet cylinder, a double-roller type shredding mechanism, a rotary shaft type crushing mechanism, a high-pressure water spraying device and a first oil scraping device;
the lower part of the inlet cylinder is connected with the crushing cylinder, the high-pressure water spraying device is arranged above or in the inlet cylinder, and the pair roller type shredding mechanism is arranged in the inlet cylinder;
The rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing cylinder;
the first oil scraping device is arranged in the oil floating space and is opposite to the first oil floating outlet.
The rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is driven by a motor capable of rotating positively and negatively, and the motor is preferably a speed regulating motor. The rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is positioned in the crushing cylinder body and comprises a rotary shaft which is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body, a plurality of rows of crushing cutters are arranged on the rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is connected with the driving end of the motor; preferably, the connection angle between the crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 30-90 degrees, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-6 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are identical in connection angle with the rotating shaft and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft; further preferably, the multiple rows of crushing cutters comprise multiple rows of vertical crushing cutters and multiple rows of inclined crushing cutters, 1-3 rows of vertical crushing cutters are arranged between two adjacent rows of inclined crushing cutters at intervals, the connection angle between the vertical crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 90 degrees, and the connection angle between the inclined crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 30-80 degrees.
A first baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the first floating oil outlet; further preferably, the first baffle is hinged with the first floating oil outlet; still further preferably, the first baffle is hinged with the first oil slick outlet through a first shaft, two ends of the first shaft are provided with first cranks, the first cranks are connected with a first air cylinder, and the first air cylinder drives the first cranks to drive the baffle to open or close;
The first oil scraping device comprises a first oil scraping plate and a first driving device, the first oil scraping plate and the first driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the first baffle, and the first driving device is preferably a second cylinder.
The sedimentation device comprises a sedimentation tank and a spiral conveying mechanism, wherein the spiral conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, and horizontally extends from one end of the sedimentation tank to a material outlet of the sedimentation tank; preferably, the screw conveying mechanism comprises a screw conveying blade, and the screw pitch of the screw conveying blade gradually decreases from one end of the settling tank to the direction of a material outlet of the settling tank;
preferably, the second oil slick outlet is arranged at the upper part of the sedimentation tank, and a second baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the second oil slick outlet; further preferably, the second baffle is hinged to the second oil discharge port; still further preferably, the second baffle is hinged to the second oil slick outlet through a second shaft, two ends of the second shaft are provided with second cranks, the second cranks are connected with a third cylinder, and the third cylinder drives the second cranks to drive the baffle to open or close.
The high-speed crushing device comprises a crushing cylinder body, a rotating shaft and a plurality of rows of crushing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft, and preferably, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
The sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device is arranged at one end part of the crushing cylinder, and the sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the crushing cylinder.
And a pipeline for connecting the water inlet of the ejector with the water outlet of the water storage device is provided with a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump.
When the treatment system comprises a plurality of separation devices, the sludge outlet of one separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of another separation device, and the lower sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of the next separation device, so that the plurality of separation devices are connected in series.
The separation equipment comprises a stirring cylinder body, a stirring shaft, a plurality of layers of partition boards and stirring blades;
the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring cylinder, the stirring cylinder is divided into a plurality of layers of spaces by the multi-layer partition plates, each layer of space in the plurality of layers of spaces is provided with a stirring piece, the stirring pieces are connected with the stirring shaft, the multi-layer partition plates are provided with central holes, the diameter of each central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft penetrates through each central hole;
The lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a sludge outlet, and the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a feed inlet for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles; the upper part of the stirring cylinder body is provided with a sludge inlet and a third floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed.
The stirring piece comprises a stirring disc and stirring blades, wherein the stirring disc is provided with a central round hole and sleeved on a stirring shaft, and one or two sides of the stirring disc are provided with a plurality of stirring blades; preferably, the stirring disc and the stirring blade are integrally formed; further preferably, the stirring disc is also provided with a crushing cutter.
The multi-layer partition plate extends to the inner wall of the stirring cylinder; preferably, the multilayer partition plate is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring cylinder body, or the stirring cylinder body is fixed through a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multilayer partition plate and are fixedly connected with the multilayer partition plate, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring cylinder body, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring cylinder body.
A third baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the third floating oil outlet; further preferably, the third baffle is hinged with the third floating oil outlet; still further preferably, the third baffle is hinged with the third oil slick outlet through a shaft, and two ends of the third shaft are provided with third cranks which are connected with a fourth cylinder, and the fourth cylinder drives the third cranks to drive the third baffle to open or close;
The separation device further comprises a second oil scraping device, wherein the second oil scraping device is positioned at the upper part in the stirring cylinder and at the upper part of the multi-layer partition plate; preferably, the second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a second driving device, wherein the second oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the third baffle, and the second driving device is preferably a fifth cylinder.
The feeding port is connected with a gas dissolving device, and the gas dissolving device is preferably a gas dissolving pump.
The treatment system further comprises one or more oil storage means for receiving oil separated from the comminution apparatus, the sedimentation means and the separation apparatus; preferably, the treatment system comprises a first oil storage device, a second oil storage device and a third oil storage device, wherein the first oil storage device is connected with a first floating oil outlet of the crushing equipment, the second oil storage device is connected with a second floating oil outlet of the sedimentation device, and the third oil storage device is connected with a third floating oil outlet of the separation equipment; further preferably, the first, second and third oil storage devices are preferably oil storage tanks.
The treatment system further comprises a first conveying device and a second conveying device, wherein the first conveying device is used for conveying the oily sludge to an inlet of the crushing equipment, and the first conveying device is preferably a single bucket elevator;
The second conveying device is used for conveying the oily sludge treated by the crushing equipment to the sieving machine; the second conveying device is preferably a bucket elevator, the inlet of the bucket elevator is connected with the sludge outlet of the crushing cylinder, and the sludge outlet of the bucket elevator is positioned above the vibrating screen.
The invention also provides an oily sludge treatment method of the treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Conveying the oily sludge to crushing equipment for crushing, spraying hot water to wash the oily sludge, standing after the crushing equipment finishes crushing and spraying, opening a first oil slick outlet, discharging oil slicks and impurities on the upper layer, and discharging the oily sludge on the lower layer and conveying the oily sludge to a vibrating screen;
(2) The vibrating screen screens the oily sludge, sundries and the oily sludge with large particle size are screened out, the oily sludge with small particle size falls into a lower sedimentation device, the oily sludge is subjected to standing sedimentation in the sedimentation device, upper layer floating oil is discharged through a second floating oil discharge port, the lower part oily sludge enters the jet device, meanwhile, water of the water storage device enters the jet device, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device for impact crushing, and meanwhile, the high-speed crushing device rotationally cuts the oily sludge, so that fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles, are crushed, and mud is prepared; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device;
(3) And then conveying the slurry to a separation device, thoroughly separating oil, water and sludge in the separation device, and returning separated water to a water storage device, wherein one or more of an extractant, gas-dissolved water and solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the separation device before and/or during the stirring of the separation device.
In the step (1), the temperature of the water sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device is 70-90 ℃, and the weight ratio of the water quantity sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device to the oil-containing sludge is preferably 1: (1-3).
In the step (2), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device entering the ejector to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), wherein the temperature of water in the water storage device is preferably 70-90 ℃; the demulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device is preferably 0.25-2.0 wt%.
In the step (3), the dissolved gas is dissolved with gas in water; the gas is air or nitrogen; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles.
In the step (3), stirring is performed on the separation equipment for 5-30 min, and standing is performed after stirring is completed for 5-30 min.
Compared with the prior art, the treatment system and the treatment method of the oily sludge have the following advantages:
(1) The invention combines multistage crushing, multistage degreasing and efficient oil sticking or extraction into a set of efficient and reliable oil sludge treatment equipment with outstanding treatment effect, and can be suitable for oil sludge with different oil contents, in particular to oil sludge samples with lower oil content or serious emulsification.
According to the invention, the oily sludge is firstly conveyed into the crushing equipment, the large oily sludge is crushed, meanwhile, hot water is also used for spraying the oily sludge, so that the large oily sludge is crushed for the first time, the sludge treated by the crushing equipment is conveyed to the vibrating screen, sundries and particles of the crushed oily sludge are sieved, the particles fall into the settling tank below, then are crushed by the impact of the jet device, and are crushed by high-speed crushing equipment in a high-speed rotating manner, so that the oily sludge is crushed into a multi-stage combined manner, the particles of the oily sludge can be crushed to below 5 microns in powder form, the oil content in the sludge is exposed, the oil content in the demulsifier is favorably cleaned, various oil contents in the sludge are deeply removed, meanwhile, the formed emulsification effect is very weak, the oil content is favorably separated by subsequent equipment, and the separation equipment can also adopt the means of bubble oil adhesion, foam solid particle oil adhesion or oil extraction and the like.
(2) According to the treatment system disclosed by the invention, the roller-type shredding mechanism is used for cutting large-sized sundries and textile bags, the rotating shaft type shredding mechanism is used for shredding sundries, meanwhile, high-pressure hot water is sprayed in the shredding process, and the special design of the rotating shaft type shredding mechanism (such as the connection angle of the shredding cutter and the rotating shaft, especially the combination mode of the vertical shredding cutter and the inclined shredding cutter) is matched, so that the oily sludge shredding and washing can be realized to the greatest extent, the viscosity of the oily sludge can be reduced in the shredding and washing processes, the sundries and the oily sludge are not bonded or adhered any more, most of sundries such as wood, plastic objects, woven bags and the like can be removed after standing floating oil treatment, and thus, the rest sundries such as stones and metals can be removed by a follow-up vibrating screen, and the normal operation of equipment and facilities can be guaranteed.
(3) The hot water in the water storage device enters the ejector to form a suction effect, so that the oil sludge at the sludge outlet of the precipitation device can be sucked out and sprayed into a crushing cutter of the high-speed crushing device at high pressure to form impact crushing, the high-speed crushing device further crushes sludge particles through high-speed rotation, the oil sludge is thoroughly crushed, the granularity of the oil sludge particles can reach below 5 microns under the impact crushing and rotary crushing effects finally, oil in the sludge is exposed, the demulsifier is facilitated to clean the oil in the sludge, various oil components in the sludge are deeply removed, the oil sludge with the oil content of more than 30% can be finally removed to the residual oil content of less than 3%, the discharge standard of solid pollutants is met, and the oil can be recovered to the maximum extent.
(4) The separating device has a multi-layer baffle structure, and the bottom is provided with the feed inlets for one or more materials of the extractant, the gas-dissolved water and the solid foam particles, so that after the one or more materials of the extractant, the gas-dissolved water and the solid foam particles enter the feed inlets, the materials sequentially pass through each layer of space between the baffles, and the stirring piece fully mixes and contacts with the oil-containing sludge in the ascending process of the stirring piece, thereby maximally realizing the effects of adhering oil by bubbles, adhering oil by the solid particles of the foam or extracting oil by the extractant, efficiently separating the oil from water and sludge, and avoiding the problems that the existing air flotation device or the extraction device is unevenly mixed and partial sludge and oil phase are difficult to separate.
Sticking oil to bubbles: the asphalt oil and heavy oil in the oil sludge after the medicament is washed are provided with a set of gas dissolving device, and the oil is adhered by utilizing tiny bubbles generated by gas dissolving water, so that the complete oil removal is realized. In the stirring process of the stirring piece, the oil sludge and the bubbles are fully mixed and contacted in each layer, asphalt oil and heavy oil are adhered to the bubbles and discharged from the upper end of the mixing and separating equipment, and the inside original multilayer partition plate design ensures that the bubbles and the oil sludge are more uniformly mixed, and the oil removing effect is more excellent.
Extracting with extractant and adhering foam solid particles to oil: the asphalt oil and the heavy oil which appear in the oil sludge after the medicament is washed are fully mixed with the oil sludge by adding the extractant and/or the foam solid particles under the stirring action and the multi-layer partition plates which are created in the mixing and separating equipment, and the extractant and/or the foam solid particles containing the oil are discharged at the upper end of the separating equipment.
(5) The stirring piece of the separation equipment is provided with the stirring discs and the stirring blades, so that the stirring discs and the multi-layer partition plates are staggered, one or more materials of the extractant, the dissolved air water and the solid foam particles enter the feed inlet and are blocked by the partition plates and the discs in the ascending process, a deflection which ascends in a multi-layer space is formed, and then the stirring and mixing effect is further optimized by matching with the forward and reverse rotation of the speed regulating motor and the speed regulation, so that the oil, the water and the sludge are completely separated.
(6) According to the invention, the centrifugal machine is adopted to dehydrate the deoiled sludge, and the separated water body enters the water storage device again, so that the recycling of reagents such as demulsifiers and water is realized, and the whole treatment process is ensured not to generate wastewater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a treatment system for oily sludge of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a comminution apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a settling device and jet of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of two agitation separation apparatuses of the present invention in series with a centrifuge;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stirring separator of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-crushing equipment, 11-first conveying device, 12-inlet cylinder, 13-crushing cylinder, 14-twin-roll shredding mechanism, 15-rotating shaft crushing mechanism, 16-first baffle, 17-flashboard and flashboard valve, 18-first motor, 2-vibrating screen, 21-second conveying device, 3-sedimentation device, 31-sedimentation tank, 32-spiral conveying mechanism, 33-second motor, 4-ejector, 5-high-speed crushing device, 6-separating device, 61-stirring separation device, 611-stirring cylinder, 612-stirring shaft, 613-multilayer baffle, 614-stirring piece, 615-sludge inlet of stirring cylinder, 616-third floating oil outlet, 617-feeding port, 618-sludge outlet of stirring cylinder, 619-third motor, 62-centrifuge, 7-water storage device, 71-high-pressure pump and 8-third oil storage device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The following embodiments further illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a treatment system for oily sludge, which comprises a crushing device 1, a vibrating screen 2, a sedimentation device 3, an ejector 4, a high-speed crushing device 5, a water storage device 7 and a separation device 6 for separating oil, water and sludge; the crushing equipment 1 is used for primarily crushing the oily sludge and comprises a crushing cylinder 13, wherein a floating oil space is arranged above the crushing cylinder 13, a first floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed is arranged on the wall body above the crushing cylinder 13, and an oily sludge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the crushing cylinder 13; a vibrating screen 2 which is positioned at the upper part of the sedimentation device 3 and is used for screening the oily sludge discharged by the crushing equipment 1; the sedimentation device 3 is used for receiving and settling the screened oily sludge, and the sedimentation device 3 is provided with a second floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed; a high-speed crushing device 5 for further crushing the oily sludge into fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles; the sedimentation device 3 is sequentially connected with the ejector 4, the high-speed crushing device 5 and the separation device 6, and the water outlet of the water storage device 7 is connected with the water inlet of the ejector 4. Namely, the sludge outlet of the separation device 6 is connected with the sludge inlet of the centrifugal machine 62, the water outlet of the centrifugal machine 62 is connected with the water inlet of the water storage device 7, the sludge outlet of the precipitation device 3 is connected with the sludge inlet of the jet device 4, the sludge outlet of the jet device 4 is connected with the sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device 5, and the sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device 5 is connected with the sludge inlet of the separation device 6.
The first oil removal can be accomplished by providing the crushing apparatus 1 with only the first oil-floating outlet and the oil-floating space which can be opened and closed. As an embodiment of the present invention, for better crushing effect and shredding of woven bags, as shown in fig. 2, the crushing apparatus 1 of the present invention may further include an inlet cylinder 12, a crushing cylinder 13, a pair-roller type shredding mechanism 14, a rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15, a high-pressure water spraying device and a first oil scraping device; the lower part of the inlet cylinder 12 is connected with a crushing cylinder 13, a high-pressure water spraying device is arranged above or in the inlet cylinder 12, and a pair-roller type shredding mechanism 14 is arranged in the inlet cylinder 12; the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15 is arranged in the crushing cylinder 13 along the axial direction of the crushing cylinder 13, an oil floating space is arranged above the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15, a first oil scraping device is arranged in the oil floating space, a first oil floating outlet capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the opposite end of the first oil scraping device, and an oil-containing sludge outlet capable of being opened and closed is arranged at the bottom of the crushing cylinder 13. In order to achieve opening and closing, a shutter and a shutter valve 17 may be preferably provided at the oily sludge discharge port of the pulverizing cylinder 13.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the pair roller shredder mechanism 14 includes a pair roller and a plurality of rows of cutters provided on the pair roller, and the plurality of rows of cutters are preferably connected to the pair roller at an angle of 30 ° to 90 °, so that the cutters can cut the woven bag and the larger plastic during the relative rotation of the pair roller, and the pair roller shredder mechanism 14 can also perform the extrusion crushing function. Preferably, the counter roller has a rotational speed of 15 to 60 revolutions per minute.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15 is located in the crushing cylinder 13, the crushing mechanism comprises a rotary shaft arranged in parallel with the axis of the cylinder, and a crushing cutter is arranged on the rotary shaft, preferably, the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15 can be driven by the first motor 18, that is, one end of the rotary shaft is connected with the driving end of the first motor 18. The first motor 18 is preferably a reversible speed motor. Preferably, the connection angle of the crushing cutter and the rotating shaft is preferably 30-90 degrees. In this way, in the rotation process of the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15, the oil-containing sludge particles and some sundries can be further crushed, and meanwhile, the water, the oil and the sludge are uniformly mixed, and the rotation speed of the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism 15 is 50-200 rpm.
In order to further achieve the aim of crushing and washing oily sludge, impurities and the sludge are easy to separate, the multiple rows of crushing cutters comprise multiple rows of vertical crushing cutters and multiple rows of inclined crushing cutters, 1-3 rows of vertical crushing cutters are arranged between two adjacent rows of inclined crushing cutters at intervals, the connection angle of the vertical crushing cutters and a rotating shaft is 90 degrees, the connection angle of the inclined crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 30-80 degrees, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-6 crushing cutters, and the connection angles of the crushing cutters in the same row and the rotating shaft are the same and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft. The vertical crushing cutter and the inclined crushing cutter can enable the oily sludge to move along the circumferential direction and also move along the axial direction of the crushing cylinder 13, so that the sludge is crushed in multiple directions in the crushing cylinder 13, and the crushing effect is very good; in the crushing process and after completion, multidirectional movement can also play a stirring role, so that the oily sludge is fully washed by hot water, and is not mutually adhered or adhered with sundries, so that part of oil and sundries can be removed after standing oil slick treatment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the inlet cylinder 12 includes a feed hopper and a square bin connected to a lower portion of the feed hopper, and the pair of roller shredder mechanisms 14 are disposed within the square bin.
In order to enhance the pulverizing effect, the axial direction of the counter roller shredder mechanism 14 and the axial direction of the rotary shaft pulverizing mechanism 15 may be perpendicular to each other.
In order to realize the opening and closing of the first oil slick outlet, a first baffle 16 which can be opened and closed is arranged at the first oil slick outlet, and other devices for opening and closing can also be arranged. The first baffle 16 may cover the first oil-slick outlet, so that when the crushing apparatus 1 performs crushing, the first baffle 16 covers the first oil-slick outlet, and after the crushing is completed, the first baffle 16 is opened, so that the oil slick can be discharged. Preferably, the first baffle 16 is hinged to the first oil-floating outlet, further preferably, the first baffle 16 is hinged to the first oil-floating outlet through a first shaft, two ends of the first shaft are provided with first cranks, the first cranks are connected with first air cylinders, and the first air cylinders drive the first cranks to drive the first baffle 16 to be opened or closed.
After the crushing equipment 1 stands, in order to enable the oil slick and sundries in the oil slick space to be easily discharged, the crushing equipment 1 is further provided with a first oil scraping device, so that after the crushing equipment 1 finishes crushing, the crushing equipment stands, sundries with the density smaller than that of water such as plastic bags, wood sticks and oil can float up to the oil slick space and then are scraped out by the first oil scraping device. The first oil slick discharge port may be elongated in shape, extending in the axial direction of the pulverizing cylinder 13. The first oil scraping device can scrape out the floating oil in the floating oil space and can be an oil scraping machine. In one embodiment of the invention, the first oil scraping means may comprise a first oil scraping plate and first driving means, which are arranged on opposite sides of the first baffle 16, the first driving means preferably being a second cylinder, but also other driving means.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the treatment system further comprises a first conveyor 11 and a second conveyor 21. A first conveying means 11 for conveying the oily sludge to the inlet of the comminution apparatus 1; and a second conveying device 21 for conveying the oily sludge treated by the crushing equipment 1 to the sieving machine. As a preferred embodiment, the first conveying device 11 may be a single bucket elevator; the second conveying device 21 may be a bucket elevator, the inlet of which is connected to the sludge outlet of the crushing cylinder 13, the sludge outlet of which is located above the vibrating screen 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the vibrating screen 2 can be used for screening sludge and sundries. As a preferred embodiment, the vibrating screen 2 may be provided with a large-particle sludge outlet and a sundry outlet, the large-particle sludge may be returned to the crushing device 1 for continuous crushing, and the sundry may be recycled.
The precipitation device 3 can be used for standing and precipitating the oil-containing sludge after screening, and a container for storing the oil-containing sludge can be selected, and other devices can be also selected. As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment of the present invention, the settling device 3 includes a settling tank 31. The second oil slick outlet is arranged at the upper part of the sedimentation tank 31, and a second baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the second oil slick outlet; further preferably, the second baffle is hinged with the second oil discharge port; still further preferably, the second baffle is hinged to the second oil slick outlet through a second shaft, two ends of the second shaft are provided with second cranks, the second cranks are connected with a third cylinder, and the third cylinder drives the second cranks to drive the baffle to open or close. Through the structure, the oil-containing sludge and water after being screened by the vibrating screen 2 fall into the precipitation device 3 together for standing precipitation, and after the standing precipitation is completed, the second baffle is opened, and the oil slick naturally flows out by gravity or is discharged through the oil scraping device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a screw conveying mechanism 32 is further disposed at the bottom of the settling tank 31 to solve the problem that the sludge is difficult to discharge from the sludge outlet after the settling device 3 finishes settling, so that the screw conveying mechanism 32 can convey the bottom sludge to the sludge outlet of the settling device 3, and meanwhile, the sludge outlet of the settling device 3 is connected with an ejector 4, so that the ejector 4 can suck the sludge in the settling device 3 in a working state, thereby ensuring smooth discharge of the sludge at the bottom of the settling device 3. The screw conveyor 32 is connected to the drive end of a second motor 33, and the second motor 33 is preferably a reversible speed-regulating motor. The screw conveyor 32 may be a shaft screw conveyor or a shaftless screw conveyor. As a preferable embodiment, the screw conveyor 32 includes screw conveyor blades, the pitch of which gradually decreases from one end of the settling tank 31 toward the material outlet of the settling tank 31, so that a squeezing action is formed when the screw conveyor blades push the sludge, squeezing out the excessive moisture.
The high-speed pulverizing device 5 may employ a beating apparatus for pulverizing the sludge into powder (particularly, pulverizing into micrometer size). In one embodiment of the present invention, the high-speed crushing device 5 comprises a high-speed crushing cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a plurality of rows of crushing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft, preferably, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft; the sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device 5 is arranged at one end part of the high-speed crushing cylinder, and the sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device 5 is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the high-speed crushing cylinder. The rotation speed of the high-speed crushing device 5 is 100-1000 rpm. The high-speed crushing cylinder body is cylindrical in shape and can be of a horizontal or vertical structure.
In order to facilitate the water flow to form a strong suction effect after entering the ejector 4, a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump 71 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the water inlet of the ejector 4 with the water outlet of the water storage device 7.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the separation apparatus 6 may comprise one or more of an air flotation device, an extraction device, a foam particle oil sticking device, and a centrifuge 62. The centrifuge 62 may be a three-phase centrifuge or a centrifuge for mud-water separation. When the separation equipment 6 adopts one or more of an air floatation device, an extraction device and a foam particle oil sticking device, a centrifugal machine 62 for separating mud from water is connected after oil removal is completed; the separation device 6 can also only use a three-phase centrifuge to realize the three-phase separation of oil, mud and water.
When the separation apparatus 6 comprises a plurality of separation devices, the sludge outlet of one separation device is connected to the sludge inlet of another separation device, and the lower sludge outlet of that separation device is connected to the sludge inlet of the next separation device, thereby connecting the plurality of separation devices in series.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the present invention is sequentially connected with three separation devices in series, two stirring separation devices 61 are connected in series first, and then connected with a centrifuge 62 in series, that is, the sludge outlet of the first stirring separation device 61 is connected with the sludge inlet of the second stirring separation device 61, the sludge outlet of the second stirring separation device 61 is connected with the material inlet of the centrifuge 62, and the water outlet of the centrifuge 62 can be connected with the water inlet of the water storage device 7.
As shown in fig. 5, the stirring separator 61 includes a stirring cylinder 611, a driving device, a stirring shaft 612, a multilayer partition 613, and a stirring member 614, the stirring shaft 612 is disposed in the stirring cylinder 611 and extends in the axial direction of the stirring cylinder 611, and the lower end of the stirring shaft 612 passes through the bottom of the stirring cylinder 611 and is connected to the power output end of the driving device. The drive means is preferably a third motor 619, more preferably a speed motor which can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions, so that the stirring speed and the steering can be adjusted by the speed motor.
The multi-layer partition 613 divides the stirring cylinder 611 into multi-layer spaces, each of the multi-layer spaces is provided with a stirring piece 614, the stirring piece 614 is fixed on the stirring shaft 612, the multi-layer partition 613 is provided with a central hole, the diameter of the central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft 612, and the stirring shaft 612 passes through the central hole; the upper part of the stirring cylinder 611 is provided with a sludge inlet 615 and a third floating oil outlet 616 of the stirring cylinder, the lower part of the stirring cylinder 611 is provided with a sludge outlet 618 of the stirring cylinder, and the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder 611 is provided with a feeding port 617 for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles. The feed port 617 is located at a lower portion of the multi-layer bulkhead 613. The gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, and the gas is air or nitrogen and the like; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles.
The stirring blade 614 may be selected only for stirring blade. As another embodiment, the stirring element 614 may also include a stirring disk and stirring blades, where the stirring disk is provided with a central hole and is sleeved on the stirring shaft 612, and one or both sides of the stirring disk are provided with a plurality of stirring blades; preferably, the mixing disk is integrally formed with the mixing blades so that the material is deflected as it flows through the mixing separator 61. If the device before the stirring and separating device 61 is used for crushing the sludge thoroughly, the particles are relatively large, and a crushing cutter can be arranged on the stirring disc, so that the crushing cutter can be driven to further crush the sludge particles by rotating the stirring disc, and the purposes of thoroughly crushing, fully washing and completely separating the oil phase and the sludge are achieved.
Each of the plurality of baffles 613 extends to the inner wall of the agitation cylinder 611; preferably, the multi-layer partition 613 is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring cylinder 611, or the stirring cylinder 611 is fixed by a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multi-layer partition 613 and are fixedly connected with the multi-layer partition 613, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring cylinder 611, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring cylinder 611.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a third shutter that can be opened and closed is provided at the third oil slick discharge port 616. Preferably, the third baffle is hinged with the third oil-floating outlet 616, further preferably, the third baffle is hinged with the third oil-floating outlet 616 through a third shaft, and third cranks are arranged at two ends of the third shaft and are connected with a fourth cylinder, and the fourth cylinder drives the third cranks to drive the third baffle to be opened or closed. The third oil slick discharge port 616 is elongated.
The floating oil after standing in the stirring separator 61 may naturally flow out by gravity, or a second oil scraping device may be provided, and the second oil scraping device is located at the upper part of the stirring cylinder 611 and at the upper part of the multi-layer partition 613. The second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a second driving device, wherein the second oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on the opposite sides of the third baffle, and the second driving device is preferably a fifth cylinder.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the feed port 617 is connected to a gas dissolving device, preferably a gas dissolving pump. When in operation, air and water are sucked together by the inlet of the air dissolving pump, and then are intersected into fine air dissolving water by the impeller of the air dissolving pump. After passing through the dissolved air pump, the volume content of the gas in the dissolved air water can be as high as 15% by volume, and the diameter of the micro-bubbles can be smaller than 30 mu m.
The treatment system further comprises one or more oil storage means for receiving oil separated from the comminution apparatus 1, the sedimentation means 3 and the separation apparatus 6; preferably, the treatment system comprises a first oil storage device, a second oil storage device and a third oil storage device 8, wherein the first oil storage device is connected with a first floating oil outlet of the crushing equipment 1, the second oil storage device is connected with a second floating oil outlet of the sedimentation device 3, and the third oil storage device 8 is connected with a third floating oil outlet of the separation equipment 6; further preferably, the first, second and third oil storage means 8 are preferably oil storage tanks.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method of treating oily sludge in a treatment system as described above, comprising the steps of:
(1) Conveying the oily sludge to a crushing device 1 for crushing, spraying hot water to wash the oily sludge, standing after the crushing device 1 finishes crushing and spraying, opening a first floating oil outlet, discharging floating oil and impurities on the upper layer, and discharging the oily sludge on the lower layer and conveying the oily sludge to a vibrating screen 2;
(2) The oil-containing sludge is screened by the vibrating screen 2, sundries and oil-containing sludge with large particle size are screened out, the oil-containing sludge with small particle size falls into the lower sedimentation device 3, the oil-containing sludge is subjected to standing sedimentation in the sedimentation device 3, upper layer floating oil is discharged through a second floating oil discharge port, the lower part oil-containing sludge enters the jet device 4, meanwhile, water of the water storage device 7 enters the jet device 4, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device 5 for impact crushing, and meanwhile, the high-speed crushing device 5 rotates to crush the oil-containing sludge, so that the oil-containing sludge is crushed into fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles, and the slurry is prepared; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device 7;
(3) The slurry is then conveyed to a separation device 6, the separation of oil, water and sludge is thoroughly realized in the separation device 6, and the separated water is returned to a water storage device 7.
In the step (1), the temperature of the water sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device is 70-90 ℃, and the weight ratio of the water quantity sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device to the oily sludge is preferably 1: (1-3).
In the step (2), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device 7 entering the ejector 4 to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), the temperature of water in the water storage device 7 is preferably 70-90 ℃; the demulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device 7 is preferably 0.25-2.0 wt%.
In the step (3), when the separation device 6 adopts the stirring separation device 61, one or more of the extractant, the dissolved air water and the solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the stirring separation device 61 before and/or during the stirring of the stirring separation device 61, and the gas consumption can be determined according to the condition of the bubble oil slivers until the oil floats to the upper layer; the gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, the gas is air or nitrogen, and the like, and the dosage of the gas-dissolved water is 20-40 wt% of the oily sludge; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles. The dosage of the extractant is 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent of the oily sludge; the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles, and the dosage of the solid foam particles is 1.0-3.0 wt% of the oily sludge. The stirring time in the stirring separator 61 is 5 to 30 minutes, and the standing time after the completion of stirring is 5 to 30 minutes.
Example 1
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples with reference to fig. 1-5.
The specific embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the oil sludge (30 wt% of oil in the sludge, 35wt% of water and the rest of solid matters) at the bottom of the oil tank.
(1) Delivering the oily sludge to a crushing device 1 for crushing, spraying hot water (the temperature is 80 ℃) by a high-pressure water spraying device, so as to spray and crush the oily sludge, standing after the crushing device 1 finishes crushing and spray washing, opening a first floating oil outlet, discharging floating oil and impurities (wood dust, grass, plastics and the like) on the upper layer, discharging the oily sludge on the lower layer, and delivering the oily sludge to a vibrating screen 2; the weight ratio of the water quantity sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device to the oily sludge is preferably 1:1.
(2) The oil-containing sludge is screened by the vibrating screen 2, sundries (sundries such as bricks and stones) and oil-containing sludge with large particle size are screened out, the oil-containing sludge with small particle size falls into the lower sedimentation device 3, the oil-containing sludge is subjected to standing sedimentation in the sedimentation device 3, upper layer floating oil is discharged through a second floating oil discharge port, the lower part oil-containing sludge is pushed to a sludge outlet of the sedimentation tank 31 through the spiral conveying mechanism 32, the oil sludge at the sludge outlet is sucked out by the jet device 4 and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device 5 at high pressure for impact crushing and high-speed crushing, the water source of the jet device 4 uses water (the temperature is 80 ℃) in the water storage device 7, the high-speed crushing device 5 further crushes sludge particles through high-speed rotation, so that the oil sludge is thoroughly crushed, and the particle size of the oil sludge particles reaches below 5 microns. The water in the water storage device 7 is added with demulsifier (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the concentration is 1.0 wt%) which is more beneficial to the high-pressure impact crushing of the ejector 4 and the high-speed rotary cutting in the high-speed crushing device 5. The weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device 7 entering the ejector 4 to the oily sludge is 1:1.
(4) Thoroughly crushed oil sludge enters a two-stage stirring and separating device 61 connected in series for full mixing and stirring, in the stirring process, gas-dissolved water (the dosage is 30wt% of the oil-containing sludge) is introduced into a feed inlet 617 at the bottom of the stirring and separating device 61, after the gas-dissolved water enters the stirring and separating device 61, air is released from the water and gradually floats upwards from the bottom, a plurality of layers of stirring pieces 614 of the stirring and separating device 61 stir in a plurality of layers of spaces for 10min respectively, so that the oil sludge is fully contacted and mixed with bubbles or solid particles, asphalt oil and heavy oil are adhered on the bubbles or solid particles and float to the upper part of the separating device, after standing for 10min, the third oil scraping device scrapes out oil, the mixture of water and sludge at the lower part enters a centrifugal machine 62, and the system completes the separation of the oil phase, the water phase and the mud phase for the third time.
(5) After the mixture of water and sludge in the lower part enters the centrifuge 62, centrifugal separation is performed to complete separation of the water phase and the sludge phase. The separated water returns to the water storage device 7, the water in the water storage device 7 enters the ejector 4 again for recycling, and clean oil sludge is discharged from the centrifugal machine 62 and reaches the standard for discharge.
The final oil recovery was 98.2% and the residuum rate was 1.8%.
Example 2
As another embodiment of the present invention, substantially the same as the treatment method of embodiment 1 is different in that: in step (4), an extractant, which is toluene, is introduced into the feed port 617 at the bottom of the separation apparatus, and the amount of the extractant is 0.5wt% of the oily sludge. The final oil recovery was 98.3% and the residuum rate was 1.5%.
It should be noted that each of the specific features described in the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined in any suitable manner, and also fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention. In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The treatment system for the oily sludge is characterized by comprising crushing equipment, a vibrating screen, a precipitation device, an ejector, a high-speed crushing device, a water storage device and separating equipment for separating oil, water and sludge;
The crushing equipment is used for primarily crushing the oily sludge and comprises a crushing cylinder body, wherein a floating oil space is arranged above the crushing cylinder body, a first floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed is arranged on a wall body above the crushing cylinder body, and an oily sludge outlet is arranged at the bottom of the crushing cylinder body;
the vibrating screen is positioned at the upper part of the sedimentation device and is used for screening the oily sludge discharged by the crushing equipment;
the sedimentation device is used for receiving and settling the oil-containing sludge after screening, and is provided with a second floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed; the sedimentation device comprises a sedimentation tank and also comprises a spiral conveying mechanism, wherein the spiral conveying mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, and horizontally extends from one end of the sedimentation tank to a material outlet of the sedimentation tank; the screw conveying mechanism comprises screw conveying blades, and the screw pitches of the screw conveying blades gradually decrease from one end of the sedimentation tank to the direction of a material outlet of the sedimentation tank;
the high-speed crushing device is used for further crushing the oily sludge into fine particles;
the sedimentation device is sequentially connected with the ejector, the high-speed crushing device and the separation equipment, and the water outlet of the water storage device is connected with the water inlet of the ejector.
2. The processing system of claim 1, wherein the processing system comprises at least one of the following features:
(1) The crushing equipment further comprises an inlet cylinder body, a double-roller type shredding mechanism, a rotary shaft type crushing mechanism, a high-pressure water spraying device and a first oil scraping device;
the lower part of the inlet cylinder is connected with the crushing cylinder, the high-pressure water spraying device is arranged above or in the inlet cylinder, and the pair roller type shredding mechanism is arranged in the inlet cylinder;
the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing cylinder;
the first oil scraping device is arranged in the oil floating space and is opposite to the first oil floating outlet;
(2) The rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is driven by a speed-regulating motor capable of rotating positively and negatively, the rotary shaft type crushing mechanism is positioned in the crushing cylinder body, the crushing mechanism comprises a rotary shaft which is parallel to the axis of the cylinder body, a plurality of rows of crushing cutters are arranged on the rotary shaft, and the rotary shaft is connected with the driving end of the motor; the connection angle between the crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 30-90 degrees, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-6 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are identical in connection angle with the rotating shaft and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft; the multi-row crushing cutters comprise a plurality of rows of vertical crushing cutters and a plurality of rows of inclined crushing cutters, 1-3 rows of vertical crushing cutters are arranged between two adjacent rows of inclined crushing cutters at intervals, the connection angle between the vertical crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 90 degrees, and the connection angle between the inclined crushing cutters and the rotating shaft is 30-80 degrees;
(3) A first baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the first floating oil outlet; the first baffle is hinged with the first floating oil outlet; the first baffle is hinged with the first oil slick outlet through a first shaft, first cranks are arranged at two ends of the first shaft and are connected with a first air cylinder, and the first air cylinder drives the first cranks to drive the baffle to open or close;
the first oil scraping device comprises a first oil scraping plate and a first driving device, the first oil scraping plate and the first driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the first baffle, and the first driving device is a second cylinder;
(4) The second floating oil outlet is arranged at the upper part of the sedimentation tank, and a second baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the second floating oil outlet; the second baffle is hinged with the second floating oil outlet; the second baffle is hinged with the second oil slick outlet through a second shaft, two ends of the second shaft are provided with second cranks, the second cranks are connected with a third cylinder, and the third cylinder drives the second cranks to drive the baffle to open or close;
(5) The high-speed crushing device comprises a crushing cylinder body, a rotating shaft and a plurality of rows of crushing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft, wherein each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft;
(6) The sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device is arranged at one end part of the crushing cylinder, and the sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device is arranged at the bottom of the other end of the crushing cylinder;
(7) A pipeline for connecting the water inlet of the ejector with the water outlet of the water storage device is provided with a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump;
(8) When the treatment system comprises a plurality of separation devices, the sludge outlet of one separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of another separation device, and the lower sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of the next separation device, so that the plurality of separation devices are connected in series.
3. A treatment system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the separation device comprises one or more stirring separation devices and a centrifuge, the stirring separation devices and the centrifuge being connected in series in sequence, the stirring separation devices comprising a stirring cylinder, a stirring shaft, a multi-layer partition and stirring blades;
the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring cylinder, the stirring cylinder is divided into a plurality of layers of spaces by the multi-layer partition plates, each layer of space in the plurality of layers of spaces is provided with a stirring piece, the stirring pieces are connected with the stirring shaft, the multi-layer partition plates are provided with central holes, the diameter of each central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft penetrates through each central hole;
The lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a sludge outlet, and the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a feed inlet for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles; the upper part of the stirring cylinder body is provided with a sludge inlet and a third floating oil outlet which can be opened and closed.
4. A treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the stirring member comprises a stirring disc and stirring blades, the stirring disc is provided with a central circular hole and sleeved on a stirring shaft, and one or both surfaces of the stirring disc are provided with a plurality of stirring blades; the stirring disc and the stirring blades are integrally formed; and the stirring disc is also provided with a crushing cutter.
5. A treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the multi-layer barrier extends to an inner wall of the agitation cylinder; the multi-layer partition board is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring barrel or fixed in the stirring barrel through a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multi-layer partition board and are fixedly connected with the multi-layer partition board, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring barrel, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring barrel.
6. A treatment system according to claim 3, wherein a third shutter which can be opened and closed is provided at the third oil slick outlet; the third baffle is hinged with the third floating oil outlet; the third baffle is hinged with the third oil slick outlet through a third shaft, two ends of the third shaft are provided with third cranks, the third cranks are connected with a fourth cylinder, and the fourth cylinder drives the third cranks to drive the third baffle to open or close;
the stirring and separating device further comprises a second oil scraping device, wherein the second oil scraping device is positioned at the upper part in the stirring cylinder body and at the upper part of the multi-layer partition plate; the second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a second driving device, the second oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the third baffle, and the second driving device is a fifth cylinder.
7. A treatment system according to claim 3, wherein the feed inlet is connected with a gas dissolving device, which is a gas dissolving pump.
8. A processing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the processing system comprises at least one of the following features:
(1) One or more oil storage devices, and a plurality of oil storage devices,
The oil storage device is used for receiving oil separated from the crushing equipment, the sedimentation device and the separation equipment; the treatment system comprises a first oil storage device, a second oil storage device and a third oil storage device, wherein the first oil storage device is connected with a first floating oil discharge port of the crushing equipment, the second oil storage device is connected with a second floating oil discharge port of the sedimentation device, and the third oil storage device is connected with a third floating oil discharge port of the separation equipment; the first oil storage device, the second oil storage device and the third oil storage device are oil storage tanks;
(2) A first conveying device and a second conveying device,
the first conveying device is used for conveying the oily sludge to an inlet of the crushing equipment and is a single bucket elevator;
the second conveying device is used for conveying the oily sludge processed by the crushing equipment to the vibrating screen, the second conveying device is a bucket elevator, an inlet of the bucket elevator is connected with a sludge outlet of the crushing cylinder, and a sludge outlet of the bucket elevator is positioned above the vibrating screen.
9. A method of treating oily sludge using the treatment system of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
(1) Conveying the oily sludge to crushing equipment for crushing, spraying hot water sprayed by a high-pressure water spraying device to wash the oily sludge, standing after the crushing equipment finishes crushing and spraying, opening a first floating oil outlet, discharging floating oil and impurities on the upper layer, and discharging the oily sludge on the lower layer and conveying the oily sludge to a vibrating screen;
(2) The vibrating screen screens the oily sludge, sundries and the oily sludge with large particle size are screened out, the oily sludge with small particle size falls into a lower sedimentation device, the oily sludge is subjected to standing sedimentation in the sedimentation device, upper layer floating oil is discharged through a second floating oil discharge port, the lower part oily sludge enters the jet device, meanwhile, water of the water storage device enters the jet device, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device for impact crushing, and meanwhile, the high-speed crushing device rotates to crush the oily sludge into fine particles to prepare slurry; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device;
(3) And then conveying the slurry to a separation device, thoroughly separating oil, water and sludge in the separation device, and returning separated water to a water storage device.
10. The process of claim 9, wherein the process comprises at least one of the following features:
A. In the step (1), the temperature of water sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device is 70-90 ℃, and the weight ratio of the water quantity sprayed by the high-pressure water spraying device to the oily sludge is 1: (1-3);
B. in the step (2), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device entering the ejector to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), wherein the temperature of water in the water storage device is 70-90 ℃; the demulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device is 0.25-2.0 wt%;
C. in the step (3), when the separation equipment adopts a stirring separation device, one or more of an extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the stirring separation device before and/or during the stirring of the stirring separation device; the gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas; the gas is air or nitrogen; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles; the time for stirring the separation equipment is 5-30 min, and the time for standing after the stirring is completed is 5-30 min.
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