CN106712310B - Distributed wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal - Google Patents
Distributed wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-distance distributed wireless energy transmission method in a closed tortuous environment based on electromagnetic time reversal, which relates to the field of electromagnetic wave energy transmission and comprises the following steps: the generator at the receiving end generates an electromagnetic wave signal, the beacon antenna at the receiving end transmits the electromagnetic wave signal, the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the beacon antenna is efficiently transmitted by means of a metal wire array arranged in a zigzag environment, the distributed antenna array in the zigzag environment receives the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by a metal wire and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the signal reversing device, the signal reversing device performs time reversal on the electromagnetic wave signal and then transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the amplifier for amplification operation, and then the distributed antenna array transmits the electromagnetic wave signal and generates focusing at the receiving terminal. According to the method, the beacon antenna at the receiving end is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, the wire linear array is used as a transmission carrier, and time reversal is applied, so that efficient energy transmission in a closed zigzag environment is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic wave wireless energy transmission, and particularly relates to a long-distance distributed wireless energy transmission method in a closed tortuous environment based on electromagnetic time reversal.
Background
The energy transmission means energy transmission to electric devices, such as power supply of a power supply line of a cable television, inductive charging of an electric toothbrush, and the like. With the continuous development of society and the demand of people for the timeliness of energy, wireless energy transmission is beginning to be proposed. The wireless energy transmission mode roughly comprises three types: electromagnetic wave far field energy transmission, resonance coupling energy transmission and electromagnetic induction coupling energy transmission.
The resonance coupling energy transmission refers to a device with the same frequency at two positions, and can realize wireless energy transmission by exchanging energy through resonance. The method has the advantages of high energy transmission power and the disadvantages of large size of the device, low transmission efficiency and difficult realization of practical application.
The electromagnetic induction coupling energy transmission realizes energy transmission through induction between coils, namely, the electromagnetic waves in the space can change along with time due to the change of current and the like of the main coil, so that induced current is generated in the secondary coil, and wireless energy transmission is realized. This method has the advantage of high transmission efficiency, but generally suffers from severe electromagnetic interference due to the energy transfer through the varying electromagnetic field.
The electromagnetic wave far-field energy transmission is that electromagnetic waves are used as carriers, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted through a transmitting end, and after receiving the electromagnetic waves, a receiving end transmits energy between a transmitting device and a receiving device through a series of subsequent processing. The method has the advantages that redundant equipment such as cables is not needed for assistance, and the space is saved.
In recent years, researchers have proposed that the metal wire is beneficial to electromagnetic wave transmission, but the metal wire is only researched in an ideal transmission space, and no relevant research is made on how to improve the energy transmission effect of the metal wire linear array in a zigzag space environment; meanwhile, most of the existing researches only disperse the metal wires in the transmission space at random, and the research is not carried out on the more effective or sufficient energy output increasing effect of the metal wires.
Time reversal is a novel electromagnetic wave propagation and control method; time reversal requires that electromagnetic wave signal receivers are distributed on a closed curved surface surrounding a source, and the receiving device is called TRM; the TRM receives the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the source, performs time reversal and then retransmits the electromagnetic wave signal, and the retransmitted electromagnetic wave signal realizes the focusing of space and time near the transmission source; in the aspect of wireless electromagnetic wave energy transmission, great progress is made by utilizing time reversal space-time focusing characteristics, and a series of station-type time reversal mirror systems are developed.
The time reversal includes a distributed antenna array, also called an antenna array, which is an antenna system composed of many identical single antennas (e.g., symmetrically placed dipole antennas) arranged together with a time reversal module (generally, a signal inversion device is used to perform signal inversion). The directional diagram of a single antenna is not easy to control, the gain is not high, and other parameters often cannot meet the use requirement, so that the array antenna is required to be used in certain application occasions (such as a radar antenna and the like). Each constituent antenna element of the array antenna should have a certain arrangement rule and feeding mode to obtain the required function. The unit arrangement can be divided into linear array and area array. The most common linear array is a linear array in which the centers of the units are arranged in a straight line at equal intervals in sequence. The units of the linear array are also arranged at unequal intervals, and the centers of the units are not arranged on a straight line, such as on a circumference. The radiation electromagnetic field of the array antenna is the sum (vector sum) of the radiation fields of the units composing the array antenna, and the amplitude and the phase of the feed current can be adjusted according to the positions of the units, thereby realizing high-efficiency transmission. The distributed antenna array is placed in a distributed mode and used in a closed and tortuous environment, power can be dispersed, a single antenna bears lower power, long-distance transmission is achieved, and meanwhile higher wireless energy transmission efficiency is kept.
The existing automatic control equipment is widely used, and a plurality of automatic control equipment are in a closed space and are not easy to disassemble; it is very inconvenient when the device requires energy; meanwhile, when energy is transferred in a closed and tortuous environment, the transmission efficiency is low due to space limitation in the tortuous environment and a complex electromagnetic transmission environment, which causes great inconvenience to the energy supply of the device applied to the closed and tortuous environment. Therefore, the research of a distributed remote energy transmission technology for improving the efficiency of remote wireless energy transmission in a closed and tortuous environment has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem of low transmission efficiency caused by the space limitation of electromagnetic waves in a tortuous environment and the transmission in a complex electromagnetic environment, the invention provides a distributed wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal, which can realize high-efficiency transmission in a tortuous structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a distributed wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal comprises the following steps:
(1): a generator at a receiving end in a closed and zigzag environment generates an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to a beacon antenna, the beacon antenna receives the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the generator and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to a metal wire linear array, and the metal wire linear array transmits the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the beacon antenna and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to a distributed antenna array;
(2): the distributed antenna array receives electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the metal wire array and then transmits the electromagnetic wave signals to the signal reversing device, the signal reversing device performs inversion operation on the received electromagnetic wave signals as energy signals to obtain inverted electromagnetic wave signals, and the signal reversing device transmits the inverted electromagnetic wave signals to the amplifier; the amplifier receives the inverted electromagnetic wave signal and amplifies the inverted electromagnetic wave signal to obtain an amplified electromagnetic wave signal, the amplifier transmits the amplified electromagnetic wave signal to the distributed antenna array, and the distributed antenna array receives the amplified electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the amplifier and transmits the amplified electromagnetic wave signal to the metal wire linear array; the distributed antenna array has the functions of dispersing and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals;
(3): the metal wire array receives the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the distributed antenna array and transmits the electromagnetic wave signals to the receiving end, and focusing is generated at the receiving end to obtain focused electromagnetic wave signals. Finally, the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the distributed antenna array are focused at a receiving end, and energy transmission is realized.
After no energy is available in a device at the beacon antenna of the receiving end, the beacon antenna transmits an electromagnetic wave signal to a zigzag environment, the electromagnetic wave signal efficiently reaches the distributed antenna array under the canalization effect of the wire linear array, after the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the distributed antenna array, the electromagnetic wave signal is reversed in time through a signal reversing device, then under the effect of an amplifier, the electromagnetic wave signal subjected to reversal processing is amplified, transmitted through the distributed antenna array and focused at the beacon antenna of the receiving end efficiently under the effect of the wire linear array, and wireless energy transmission is realized; the Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) comprises a distributed antenna array, a signal reversal device and an amplifier, the high-efficiency transmission of electromagnetic wave signals in a tortuous space is realized by time reversal and the addition of a metal wire array in the space, and the wireless energy transmission in the tortuous space has important significance for the existing automatic control equipment and the like.
Optionally, the distributed antenna array is an omni-directional antenna or a directional antenna. Can be selected according to the specific propagation of electromagnetic wave signals; the directional antenna can enable an electromagnetic wave signal transmitting port to be aligned to the metal wire linear array, is more beneficial to transmission, and can relatively reduce the loss of electromagnetic wave signals.
Preferably, the distributed antenna array is distributed in the center of the wire linear array. The central magnetic field is strongest, and the electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted along the metal wires at the periphery, so that the high-efficiency transmission of the electromagnetic wave signals can be better realized.
Preferably, the wire array average length is an integral multiple of a half wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. When the average length of the wire array is an integral multiple of half-wavelength of electromagnetic waves, the resonance effect is more obvious, and the canalization effect (the electromagnetic waves are transmitted along the wire array) is better.
Specifically, the signal inversion device is connected with the amplifier through wired transmission, and the distributed antenna array is respectively connected with the signal inversion device and the amplifier through wired transmission. The signal transmitted by the distributed antenna array is directly transmitted to the signal inversion device through the transmission line, the processed electromagnetic wave signal is directly transmitted to the amplifier through the transmission line after being processed by the signal inversion device, and the electromagnetic wave signal is directly transmitted to the distributed antenna array through the transmission line by the amplifier. The placement of the amplifier and the signal inverting device is not required.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes a generator at a receiving end in a closed zigzag structure to generate an electromagnetic wave signal, a beacon antenna at the receiving end transmits and detects the electromagnetic wave signal, the electromagnetic wave signal is received by a distributed antenna array by virtue of wire linear array transmission, the electromagnetic wave signal is subjected to time reversal operation by a signal reversing device, the electromagnetic wave signal is amplified by an amplifier, and finally the processed electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted by the distributed antenna array, the electromagnetic wave signal is focused at the beacon antenna at the receiving end, and meanwhile, in a zigzag space, the efficiency of electromagnetic wave signal transmission is improved by virtue of the wire linear array and the time reversal, and the efficient transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal in the zigzag structure is realized.
2. The distributed antenna array is an omnidirectional antenna or a directional antenna; the method is flexibly applied according to the energy transmission requirement. The distributed antenna array has the advantages of good focusing performance, low loss and high energy transmission efficiency.
3. When the length of the wire linear array is integral multiple of half wavelength of electromagnetic wave, resonance can be achieved, and the channeling effect (the electromagnetic wave is transmitted along the wire linear array) is better.
4. When the distributed antenna array is distributed in the center of the metal wire linear array, the central magnetic field is strongest, the loss of electromagnetic waves is relatively reduced, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted along the metal wires at the periphery, and the efficient transmission of electromagnetic wave signals can be better realized.
5. The signal emitted by the distributed antenna array is directly transmitted to the signal inversion device through the transmission line, the processed electromagnetic wave signal is directly transmitted to the amplifier through the transmission line after being processed by the signal inversion device, and the electromagnetic wave signal is directly transmitted to the distributed antenna array through the transmission line by the amplifier. And the wire transmission has smaller relative loss and stronger transmission controllability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a primary block diagram of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a basic structure diagram of the present application without a chamber;
FIG. 3 is a waveform of an electromagnetic wave signal emitted from a beacon antenna at a receiving end of the present application;
fig. 4 is a comparison graph of the envelope of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the distributed antenna array when the metal wire array is not loaded and the envelope of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the distributed antenna array when the metal wire array is loaded according to the present application;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of an envelope of an electromagnetic wave signal received by a distributed antenna array when a metal wire array is not loaded and an envelope of an electromagnetic wave signal received by a distributed antenna array when a metal wire array is loaded after an inversion operation of the present application;
fig. 6 is a comparison graph of focused electromagnetic wave signals received when a linear array of a metal wire is not loaded and a linear array of a metal wire is loaded on a beacon antenna at a receiving end of the application;
the labels in the figure are: 1-a distributed antenna array; 1-1-a first distributed antenna; 1-2-a second distributed antenna; 2-a beacon antenna; 3-wire linear array; 5-the cavity.
Detailed Description
All features disclosed in this specification may be combined in any combination, except features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
In order to make the object and technical solution of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The embodiment employs a distributed antenna array 1; the number of receiving antennas of the distributed antenna array 1 is two, namely a first distributed antenna 1-1 and a second distributed antenna 1-2; the used electromagnetic wave signal is 4.9-5.1GHz, and the central frequency calculation average value is 5 GHz; according to λ f ═ c (c is the speed of light), the wavelength can be calculated to be 6cm, the half wavelength is 3cm, then the center frequency half wavelength is 3cm, the first distributed antenna 1-1 and the second distributed antenna 1-2 adopt the same type of dipole antenna (used for receiving and transmitting fixed frequency electromagnetic wave signals; and simultaneously present a pipeline model), the pipeline model is contained in a rectangular body of 160cm x 80 cm x 60cm, the side length of the cross section of the pipeline model is 60cm, the metal wire array in the cavity adopts 8 x 7 array, the average length is 96cm, which is 32 times of the center frequency half wavelength, the distributed antenna array 1 is 26cm away from the center of the metal wire array, the beacon antenna 2 array is about 26cm away, the receiving end is provided with a beacon antenna and a generator, and the generator is connected with the beacon antenna; meanwhile, a signal reversing device and an amplifier are arranged in the zigzag space. The first distributed antenna 1-1 and the second distributed antenna 1-2 are connected with the signal inversion device through transmission lines, the signal inversion device is connected with the amplifier through the transmission lines, and the amplifier is connected with the second distributed antenna 1-2 and the second distributed antenna 1-1 through the transmission lines; the energy transfer process sequentially comprises the following steps:
1: a generator at the receiving end generates a channel detection electromagnetic wave signal, a beacon antenna at the receiving end transmits the channel detection electromagnetic wave signal to the surroundings, and the diagram of the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal is shown in fig. 3;
2: an electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by a beacon antenna is transmitted through a metal wire array, the distributed antenna array 1 receives the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal, and a diagram of the electromagnetic wave signal received by a first distributed antenna 1-1 (wherein the signal diagrams of the first distributed antenna 1-1 and a second distributed antenna 1-2 are the same, and are distributed) is shown in fig. 4; the first distributed antenna 1-1 and the second distributed antenna 1-2 transmit the received electromagnetic wave signals to the signal reversing device through the transmission line; the signal inversion device carries out time reversal operation on the received electromagnetic wave signal; the electromagnetic wave signal after the inversion processing is shown in fig. 5; the signal inversion device transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the amplifier through the transmission line after processing; the amplifier amplifies the electromagnetic wave signal to obtain an amplified electromagnetic wave signal, the amplification factor is set to be 1 due to the linear characteristic of the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal to the channel response and the convenient comparison efficiency, and the first distributed antenna 1-1 and the second distributed antenna 1-2 simultaneously transmit the amplified electromagnetic wave signal;
3: amplified electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the first distributed antenna 1-1 and the second distributed antenna 1-2 are focused under the action of the wire linear array and at a beacon antenna at a receiving end; the focused electromagnetic wave signal is shown in fig. 6;
in fig. 4-6, the dashed lines show the corresponding electromagnetic wave signal envelope of the unloaded metal wire; and the solid line represents the corresponding electromagnetic wave signal envelope diagram of the loaded metal wire, wherein the abscissa represents time in ns (nanoseconds); the ordinate is the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal at the corresponding time, and the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal is in units of V.
As can be seen from fig. 4, after the metal wire linear array is loaded, the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the distributed antenna array is higher, which proves that the metal wire linear array can improve the transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal in the distributed antenna array;
as can be seen from fig. 5, after the metal wire linear array is loaded, the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the distributed antenna array is higher when the metal wire linear array is not loaded after the inversion operation, which proves that the metal wire linear array can improve the transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal in the time inversion;
as can be seen from fig. 6, after the wire linear array is loaded, the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signal received by the beacon antenna at the receiving end is stronger, which proves that the wire linear array can improve the transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal; after the metal linear array is added, stronger focused electromagnetic wave signals appear at the original beacon antenna, and the amplitude of the focused electromagnetic wave signals is increased by about 30%.
According to the scheme, the distributed wireless energy transmission array antenna is arranged in the closed zigzag structure, the metal wire array meeting a certain condition is arranged in the zigzag structure, after the beacon antenna at the target point transmits a channel detection electromagnetic wave signal, the corresponding electromagnetic wave signal is received by the distributed antenna array, the signal inversion device conducts inversion operation on the received electromagnetic wave signal, the amplifier conducts amplitude amplification on the electromagnetic wave signal, the inverted electromagnetic wave signal is obtained and transmitted by the distributed antenna array again, the focused electromagnetic wave signal appears at the target point by utilizing the inverse direction of the channel and the autocorrelation convolution in the process, and the efficient long-distance distributed wireless energy transmission in the closed zigzag environment is achieved.
The application is not limited to the above embodiment, and the number of the receiving antennas in the distributed array is not limited to two, and can be set according to the actual space requirement; any direct replacement, direct use or non-labor intensive use of the teachings of this application, is contemplated as falling within the scope of this application.
Claims (5)
1. A distributed wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1): the generator at the receiving end in the closed and zigzag environment generates an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the beacon antenna, the beacon antenna receives the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the generator and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the metal wire linear array, the metal wire linear array receives the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the beacon antenna and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal to the distributed antenna array, and the number of the receiving antennas of the distributed antenna array comprises two, namely a first distributed antenna and a second distributed antenna which are in a pipeline model at the same time;
(2): the distributed antenna array receives electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the metal wire array and then transmits the electromagnetic wave signals to the signal reversing device, the signal reversing device performs inversion operation on the received electromagnetic wave signals as energy signals to obtain inverted electromagnetic wave signals, and the signal reversing device transmits the inverted electromagnetic wave signals to the amplifier; the amplifier receives the inverted electromagnetic wave signal and amplifies the inverted electromagnetic wave signal to obtain an amplified electromagnetic wave signal, the amplifier transmits the amplified electromagnetic wave signal to the distributed antenna array, and the distributed antenna array receives the amplified electromagnetic wave signal transmitted by the amplifier and transmits the amplified electromagnetic wave signal to the metal wire linear array;
(3): the metal wire array receives the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the distributed antenna and transmits the electromagnetic wave signals to the receiving end to generate focusing, and the focused electromagnetic wave signals are obtained.
2. The time-reversal based distributed wireless energy transmission method of claim 1, wherein the distributed antenna array is an omni-directional antenna or a directional antenna.
3. The time-reversal based distributed wireless energy transmission method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the distributed antenna array is distributed in the center of the wire linear array.
4. The time-reversal based distributed wireless energy transmission method of claim 1, wherein the average length of the wire linear arrays is an integral multiple of a half wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
5. The time-reversal based distributed wireless energy transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the signal inverting device is connected to the amplifier through a transmission line, and the distributed antenna array is connected to the signal inverting device and the amplifier through transmission lines, respectively.
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| CN108879894B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-08-02 | 深圳市宇能无线技术有限公司 | A kind of multiobjective selection wireless power transfer method and device based on focus wave |
| CN110120711B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-05-03 | 电子科技大学 | Autonomous dynamic wireless power receiving device and method based on time reversal |
| CN111030324B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-05-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-target mobile equipment tracking wireless energy transmission method and system |
| CN111674430A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-18 | 何秀华 | Micro-rail vehicle distance measuring device and method |
| CN114841179B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-26 | 电子科技大学 | Sensing system based on RFID and time reversal electromagnetism |
| CN115208081B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-22 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless energy transmission method based on time reversal equal-space angle large-aperture array |
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| CN105681323B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-04-09 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of Information hiding formula radio transmitting method based on time reversal |
| CN106026317B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-05-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Wireless energy transfer system and its control method in enclosure space |
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