CN106685517B - Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106685517B CN106685517B CN201710072863.3A CN201710072863A CN106685517B CN 106685517 B CN106685517 B CN 106685517B CN 201710072863 A CN201710072863 A CN 201710072863A CN 106685517 B CN106685517 B CN 106685517B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a satellite communication networking system and a working method thereof.A central satellite master station, a distributed central satellite station and a common satellite station in the system are communicated with each other through an asynchronous time division multiple access network; the asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, a forward link adopts a time division multiplexing mode, and the asynchronous time division multiple access network is suitable for a star network and a mesh network topological structure networking mode; the small-aperture antenna satellite station communicates with other satellite stations through a small-aperture antenna satellite station return network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station returns the network to receive the forward carrier data of the asynchronous time division multiple access network, and is used for the forward communication of the small-aperture antenna satellite station and the reception of high-speed large-capacity data. The system can dynamically adjust and manage the system resources according to the change of the transmission service data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a satellite communication networking system and a working method thereof.
Background
Compared with other communication modes, the satellite communication has the greatest advantages of being independent of distance and basically not limited by ground environment, has wide application in certain fields, such as transnational group management, government department private network communication, large-area field operation (mineral resource detection and the like), military communication and the like, and the application scenes are characterized by hierarchical management, such as a plurality of branch companies arranged under a main company, a plurality of sub-companies arranged under each branch company, and a plurality of possible engineering project groups arranged under each sub-company, and when the transregional or even transnational management is carried out, the information intercommunication among all nodes is realized through a satellite communication network, the network topological relation is shown in figure 1, in the system, each position node needs to be configured with a satellite communication equipment terminal node to complete the data communication among the position nodes, but because a space satellite, particularly a geosynchronous orbit satellite, is far away from the ground, the wireless transmission link has large signal attenuation, strict link calculation is required in the construction process of a satellite communication network, and corresponding satellite communication station equipment is required to be configured according to the actual service transmission requirement. For example, a head office location node aggregates information data volume of the whole network system, needs to occupy a wider physical bandwidth, needs to have the capability of communicating with any node in the system, and needs to configure a large-aperture antenna; the project group position node generally only transmits information related to the project, the information quantity is small, and the project group generally is in places with severe environment such as the field, the infrastructure is backward, the configuration capability of the satellite communication terminal is generally limited, and the small-caliber antenna station is adopted for configuration.
The existing satellite communication network system generally adopts a "peer-to-peer" communication design, that is, the stations at the same level communicate with each other by adopting a shape network or mesh network topology structure, and the stations at different levels transmit information by hierarchical communication, for example, in the communication scenario shown in fig. 1, a satellite communication network is formed between nodes of all branches or subsidiaries, data transmission between the nodes is realized in the satellite communication network, and the project group nodes below the branches belong to corresponding branches/subsidiaries, and generally, the branches/subsidiaries can only communicate with the affiliation and own project group nodes. However, with the diversification of the types of data transmission services, data communication sometimes needs to be carried out between project groups belonging to different branch/sub companies, and the existing satellite network cannot meet the requirement.
Meanwhile, with the development of network technology, "flattening" is one of the main trends of communication network development, that is, processing nodes are reduced between an information source and an information sink, in the existing satellite communication system, in order to realize the management of communication services of different satellite sites, a hierarchical management mode is generally adopted, and such a network structure is low in efficiency, not flexible enough, and contradicts with the requirement of "flattening".
Currently, satellite communication networking technologies are mainly based on time division multiple access, frequency division multiple access and code division multiple access, and typical systems include TDM/MF-TDMA (time division multiplexing/multi-frequency time division multiple access), SCPC-DAMA (single-channel single carrier on-demand multiple access), TDMA-MESH (multi-frequency time division multiple access network), TDM/CDMA (time division multiplexing code division multiple access), and the like.
The TDM/MF-TDMA system consists of one large TDM (time division multiplexing) outgoing carrier and a TDMA (time division multiple access) incoming carrier of several frequency points. The carrier wave received by the main site transmitting small site is outgoing carrier wave, the carrier wave received by the small site transmitting main site is incoming carrier wave, it has star topology structure, the control and transmission of system are all centralized in the main site, all small sites in the network only establish satellite link with the main site, but do not establish direct satellite link between small site and small site, the communication between small site and small site needs to be realized by main site forwarding, it is suitable for building satellite private network (access network) using main site as gateway site, and by gateway site forwarding, it can realize interconnection and intercommunication between private network (access network) and any network, thereby providing diversified service for private network users. The TDM/MF-TDMA system has the advantages of low cost of small sites, simple maintenance and management and high channel utilization rate. The TDM/MF-TDMA network is the most used and mature satellite communication network, and has the disadvantages that a communication link cannot be directly established between small sites, two-hop forwarding is required through a main site, transmission delay is increased, in addition, the networking mode is not flexible enough, the survivability is poor, and once the main site fails, the whole network is broken down. TDMA/CDMA is a satellite star network with a primary site. Through forward time division multiplexing and reverse spread spectrum CDMA networking. The network structure is similar to TDM/MF-TDMA network, which is composed of a larger TDM outgoing carrier and a plurality of incoming carriers formed by superposing CDMA carriers with the same frequency. The method is different from TDM/MF-TDMA in that the requirement on the transmitting capacity of the small site is not high, and is suitable for the small site with the small-caliber antenna. The advantages are small antenna of small station, low cost, effective inhibition of satellite interference, and simple maintenance and management. The disadvantages are low frequency utilization rate, low small-site return rate, limited supported service types, and not beneficial to service upgrade and system expansion.
SCPC (single carrier wave) is a network based on point-to-point communication technology. The SCPC technology is combined with the DAMA technology, so that direct communication between any two sites can be realized, in addition, a master site network manager can realize dynamic SCPC (not only dSCPC), and frequency resources can be dynamically distributed as required according to user application, but special network management channel equipment and corresponding network management software are generally required to be configured for a small site and the master site. The SCPC has the advantages that each station independently occupies one carrier, the communication quality is guaranteed, and the SCPC is suitable for emergency communication. The defects are that the channel utilization rate is low, all sites in the network cannot be online in real time, and the method is not suitable for networking services and access systems. At present, the SCPC mode is mostly used for emergency communication and communication-in-motion systems.
The TDMA MESH is a satellite MESH network without a main station, and supports real-time communication among all stations in the satellite network through time division multiplexing and multifrequency technologies. The satellite link is all one hop. The TDMA-MESH has the advantages that the small sites and the small sites can directly build satellite links, the transmission delay is small, and the channel utilization rate is high. The method has the disadvantages of complex technology, all sites using burst demodulators, high requirements on site type capacity, high requirements on whole network clock synchronization and high equipment cost.
The satellite communication network with a single topology network structure is generally designed for a single transmission service, and has the disadvantages of incapability of bearing a composite transmission service, lack of flexibility, low effectiveness of the whole system, and incapability of meeting the requirements of practical application particularly in the face of the current more flexible service transmission requirement.
The satellite communication network with a star network structure generally has a main site node, and the biggest characteristic is that the complexity of main site equipment is improved, and the equipment requirements of other small site terminals are reduced, so that the star network mainly supports service transmission between a main site and small sites, the service transmission between the small site nodes generally needs to be forwarded through the main site node, and if direct data transmission between the small site nodes is to be realized, the system complexity and the cost need to be greatly improved.
Although the flexibility of the whole network is improved, the transmission capacity between the nodes is limited to a certain extent, that is, the transmission of large-capacity data cannot be supported.
Although the point-to-point satellite communication network can meet the transmission requirement of large-capacity data, the structure is fixed, and the application scene is single.
Aiming at the current complex transmission service requirement, the network management of the existing scheme adopts a hierarchical mode, and the service data transmission between different subnets is still forwarded through intermediate nodes, so that a network structure system is not only complex, but also the technical requirement, the cost and the system maintenance difficulty are higher. In the whole network structure system, each small-site terminal requires stricter network synchronization in order to prevent burst data from colliding in the multiple access process, especially in the time division multiple access system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a satellite communication networking system and a working method thereof.
The invention provides a satellite communication networking system, comprising: the system comprises a central satellite main station, a distributed central satellite station, a common satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station;
the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite stations and the common satellite stations are communicated with each other through an asynchronous time division multiple access network; the asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, a forward link adopts a time division multiplexing mode, and the asynchronous time division multiple access network is suitable for a star network and a mesh network topological structure networking mode;
the small-aperture antenna satellite station is communicated with the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite station and the common satellite station through a small-aperture antenna satellite station return network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station is used for receiving forward carrier data of an asynchronous time division multiple access network through a return network, the forward carrier data are used for forward communication of the small-aperture antenna satellite station and receiving high-speed large-capacity data, a reverse link uses a single carrier for return, and the reverse link supports code division multiple access, frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access networks to achieve multiple access.
The central satellite master station is used for issuing whole-network broadcast data, managing the whole system and transmitting communication data services among the systems; the central satellite master station is provided with a large-caliber satellite antenna and simultaneously supports two data communication modes of continuous and burst.
The invention also provides a working method of the satellite communication networking system, which comprises the following steps:
step A1: after a central satellite master station is started, a reference time slot and an access competition time slot are sent, and when an access network application message sent by other satellite stations is received, a state identifier of a corresponding station in a system database is set to be in an activated state; the other satellite stations include: a distributed central satellite station, a common satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station;
step A2: and other satellite stations transmit service data transmission application messages to the central satellite master station by accessing competition time slots on the basis of the reference time slots, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time slot resources and frequency band resources according to the types of the service application messages, and the central satellite master station recovers the time slot resources and the frequency band resources after the service data transmission is finished.
The method for allocating the corresponding transmission resources by the central satellite master station according to the type of the service application message comprises the following steps:
when service data transmission application is carried out between the distributed central station and the common station, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time division multiple access time slot resources for the station which applies for the service data transmission application;
when the distributed central site and the common site send service data transmission applications to the small-caliber antenna satellite site, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time division multiplexing time slot resources to the distributed central site and the common site;
when the small-caliber antenna satellite station sends a service data transmission application to the central satellite master station, the distributed central station and the common station, the central satellite master station allocates an independent frequency band resource according to the service type and the application requirement.
Wherein the step A1 includes:
after the central satellite master station is started, sending a reference time slot and an access competition time slot;
other satellite stations receive the reference time slot and the access competition time slot sent by the central satellite master station, and adjust equipment parameters according to the reference time slot;
other satellite stations take the reference time slot as a reference and send network access application messages to the central satellite master station through the access competition time slot;
and when the central satellite master station receives the correct network access application message, setting the state identification of the corresponding station in the database as online activation, and returning network access application success information to other satellite stations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the technical scheme of the invention adopts a time division multiplexing mode, and the central satellite master station adjusts the length and the sending time of the reference time slot so as to actively adjust the clock error value among all satellite stations in the whole network, so that the whole network does not need strict clock synchronization; the time slots for transmitting different types of service data are the same in length, and different numbers of time slots are allocated to different service volumes; the two sub-networks included in the system can be seamlessly fused, for example, a distributed central station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station can be directly communicated without being forwarded by an intermediate station, so that not only is the partition/hierarchical management of the network realized, but also the 'flattening' optimization of the whole network is realized, and the efficiency of the whole system is greatly improved; the system realizes the communication of site networking with different communication capabilities, can dynamically adjust and manage system resources according to the change of transmission service data, and particularly has innovative advantages in the aspects of flexibility, convenience, high efficiency and the like aiming at the satellite communication requirements of group companies and government departments with cross-region, multi-branch and hierarchical management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a communication scenario in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a satellite communication networking system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a service flow chart of a satellite communication networking system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a working method of a satellite communication networking system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
An embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite communication networking system, as shown in fig. 2, including: the system comprises a central satellite master station, a distributed central satellite station, a common satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station, wherein the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite station and the common satellite station are communicated with each other through an asynchronous time division multiple access network; an asynchronous Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network carries out data communication and high-speed large-capacity data distribution according to the priority among satellite stations, and is a backbone transmission link, and the station types comprise ground fixed stations, large-caliber vehicle-mounted stations and the like. The asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, the forward link adopts a time division multiplexing mode, and the asynchronous time division multiple access network is suitable for a star network and a mesh network topological structure networking mode. The small-aperture antenna satellite station is communicated with the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite station and the common fixed satellite station through a small-aperture antenna satellite station return network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station returns the network to receive the forward carrier data of the asynchronous time division multiple access network, and is used for the forward communication of the small-aperture antenna satellite station and the reception of high-speed large-capacity data.
The equipment configuration of each site is as follows:
the system is provided with a central satellite master station which can carry out data communication with all stations in the system and is mainly used for issuing broadcast data of the whole network, managing the whole system and transmitting communication data services with all satellite stations in the system;
distributed central satellite stations in the system may include distributed fixed satellite stations and distributed mobile satellite stations, where the distributed fixed satellite stations may communicate with all stations within the system. In the system, the main role is to be responsible for data transmission among a plurality of communication stations in a certain area, and therefore, the distributed fixed satellite stations are generally arranged in the area with stronger purpose. The role of the distributed mobile satellite station in the whole system is similar to that of the distributed fixed satellite station, and the distributed mobile satellite station can move by a vehicle-mounted mode only aiming at different application environments, and can communicate with other satellite stations in the system under a plurality of different geographic environments, while the distributed fixed satellite station can only be fixed at a certain place.
The common satellite stations comprise common fixed satellite stations and common intermediate communication vehicle-mounted satellite stations, wherein the common fixed satellite stations are the most important application communication stations in the whole system, are the most numerous, and simultaneously bear the main data service transmission task of the whole system. The roles and functions of the ordinary middle-communication vehicle-mounted satellite station in the whole system are similar to those of the ordinary fixed satellite station, except that the ordinary middle-communication vehicle-mounted satellite station is movable, and the ordinary fixed satellite station is fixed.
The small-aperture antenna satellite station belongs to the most basic communication station in the whole system and has the characteristics of simple equipment structure and strong survivability. It is equivalent to the "project group" site in the satellite communication application scenario of fig. 1, the number is the largest, the amount of data to be communicated is small, and the types of the sites include portable satellite sites, small-bore vehicle/airborne satellite sites, and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, in the system, the central satellite main station, the distributed stations, and the common stations form a centerless asynchronous TDMA (time division multiple access) network, which is characterized in that the satellite stations in the network can be interconnected and intercommunicated, the data transmission rate is high, and the system has the communication capability with the small-aperture antenna satellite stations. The links of each satellite station in the network adopt frequency spectrum resources with the same frequency, the problem of data transmission conflict is solved in a time division multiple access mode, and data transmitted to the satellite stations with small-caliber antennas are realized in a time division multiplexing mode. In this network, a central satellite hub has the ability to communicate with the weakest site in the system.
The small-aperture antenna satellite station can receive data sent by all central stations and common stations in the system, the reverse link supports data return through multiple access modes, the selected multiple access mode is determined according to the size of return data, and the small-aperture antenna satellite station only sends return data to the central satellite station or the common satellite station under the general condition.
The system of the embodiment is a mesh network and star network mixed network, and by combining big data broadcast issuing and command communication into a carrier, downlink frequency band resources can be fully utilized, the demodulation threshold is low, the demodulation synchronization is fast, and time slot resources are effectively utilized in asynchronous burst communication; the frequency deviation resistance is strong, and the method is suitable for narrow-band communication; supporting the return of the very small aperture antenna satellite station and the portable station; the spread spectrum mode can be adjusted, the satellite interference is prevented, and the power bandwidth ratio is balanced. The asynchronous time division multiple access network is a high-speed data distribution network, satellite resources are effectively utilized, distributed high-speed data uploading and high-speed data distribution are realized, and the highest rate can reach 60 Mbps; the multi-mode dynamic reverse feedback channel can realize the access of small-caliber antennas, support the grouping access modes of different-caliber antennas and effectively ensure the resource utilization rate and the system reliability; and dynamic user partition switching is realized, and cross-center networking communication is supported.
Example two
A service flow of a satellite communication networking system provided by the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 3, and includes:
the system comprises two sub-networks, namely an asynchronous centerless time division multiple access network and a small-caliber antenna satellite station return network, wherein a forward link of the asynchronous centerless time division multiple access network adopts a time division multiplexing mode, all different types of stations share one carrier, and the collision of data sent by the forward link of the stations is prevented through different time slot divisions. In the system, a central satellite master station has a time slot allocation and management function of a forward link and dynamically allocates time slot resources, namely different time slot resources are allocated according to different requirements of satellite station communication rates in each subnet.
The time slot types in the system are four, namely an initial reference time slot, an access competition time slot, a bidirectional time division multiple access time slot and a forward time division multiplexing time slot, and the cycle length of the whole time slot is 560 ms.
Reference time slot: the start marker of a complete slot cycle is transmitted by the central satellite master station as the starting reference for the whole slot structure. Other satellite stations calibrate the sending time slot moment of the satellite stations by receiving the reference time slot, in addition, the reference time slot also comprises network control information, time slot allocation and station state information of the small stations, and only one reference time slot is arranged in each time slot period;
and accessing a competition time slot: the method comprises the steps that after the site equipment is started, service application for network access application and data transmission is carried out, and only one access contention time slot exists in each period;
time division multiple access time slot: the system is used for transmitting burst data by a central satellite main station and other common stations so as to form a centerless mesh network, and a complete time slot period in the system at most comprises not more than 180 time division multiple access time slots;
time division multiplexing time slot: the system is used for a central satellite master station to send data to a small-caliber antenna satellite site, and a complete time slot period in the system at most comprises not more than 20 time division multiplexing time slots.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the invention provides a working method of a satellite communication networking system, wherein a central satellite master station is the core of the system, manages and controls the whole network, can realize direct data transmission with each station in the system, manages and allocates a whole network forward time slot resource, receives network access application burst time slot data and service transmission resource application burst data of each station, and dynamically allocates time slot resources and spectrum resources according to the state of the whole network resources.
As shown in fig. 4, the method of the present embodiment includes:
step A1: after a central satellite master station is started, a reference time slot and an access competition time slot are sent, and when an access network application message sent by other satellite stations is received, a state identifier of a corresponding station in a system database is set to be in an activated state; other satellite stations include: a distributed central satellite station, a common satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station;
specifically, step a1 includes:
after a central satellite master station is started, sending a reference time slot and an access competition time slot;
other satellite stations receive the reference time slot and the access competition time slot sent by the central satellite master station, and adjust the equipment parameters according to the reference time slot;
other satellite stations take the reference time slot as a reference and send network access application messages to the central satellite master station through accessing the competition time slot;
when the central satellite master station receives the correct network access application message, setting the state identification of the corresponding station in the database as online activation, and returning network access application success information to other satellite stations;
step A2: and the other satellite stations transmit service data transmission application messages to the central satellite master station by accessing the competition time slots on the basis of the reference time slots, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time slot resources and frequency band resources according to the types of the service application messages, and the central satellite master station recovers the time slot resources and the frequency band resources after the service data transmission is finished.
In this embodiment, the allocating, by the central satellite master station, the corresponding time slot resource and frequency band resource according to the type of the service application message specifically includes:
when service data transmission application is carried out between the distributed central station and the common station, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time division multiple access time slot resources for the station which applies for the service data transmission application;
when the distributed central site and the common site send service data transmission applications to the small-caliber antenna satellite site, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time division multiplexing time slot resources to the distributed central site and the common site;
when the small-caliber antenna satellite station sends a service data transmission application to a central satellite master station, a distributed central station and a common station, the central satellite master station allocates an independent frequency band resource according to the service type and the application requirement;
in the system, data communication cannot be directly carried out between the small-caliber antenna satellite sites.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A satellite communications networking system, comprising: the system comprises a central satellite main station, a distributed central satellite station, a common satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station; the system is a mesh network and star network hybrid network;
the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite stations and the common satellite stations are communicated with each other through an asynchronous time division multiple access network; the asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, and a forward link adopts a time division multiplexing mode;
the small-aperture antenna satellite station is communicated with the central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite station and the common satellite station through a small-aperture antenna satellite station return network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station is used for receiving forward carrier data of an asynchronous time division multiple access network through a return network, the forward carrier data are used for forward communication and high-speed high-capacity data receiving of the small-aperture antenna satellite station, a reverse link uses a single carrier for return, and the reverse link supports code division multiple access, frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access networks to realize multiple access;
the central satellite master station can carry out data communication with all stations in the system and is arranged at the highest level of the system;
the distributed central satellite station comprises a distributed fixed satellite station and a distributed mobile satellite station; the distributed fixed satellite station can communicate with all stations in the system and is responsible for data transmission among a plurality of communication stations in a certain area; the distributed mobile satellite station can realize movement in a vehicle-mounted mode and is communicated with other satellite stations in the system in a plurality of different geographic environments;
the common satellite stations comprise common fixed satellite stations and common middle-through vehicle-mounted satellite stations and can carry out data communication with other satellite stations in the system;
the small-aperture antenna satellite station can receive data sent by all central stations and common stations in the system, the reverse link supports data return through multiple access modes, the selected multiple access mode is determined according to the size of return data, and the small-aperture antenna satellite station only sends return data to the central satellite station or the common satellite station.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the central satellite master station is configured to transmit network-wide broadcast data, manage the entire system, and communicate data traffic with each of the systems; the central satellite master station is provided with a large-caliber satellite antenna and simultaneously supports two data communication modes of continuous and burst.
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| CN110401504B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2021-05-28 | 广州天链通信科技有限公司 | Satellite communication system time synchronization method based on TDMA |
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| CN106685517A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| CN110572199B (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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