CN106676342A - Aluminum-based blade material for automobile air-condition compressor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based blade material for automobile air-condition compressor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106676342A CN106676342A CN201611206564.6A CN201611206564A CN106676342A CN 106676342 A CN106676342 A CN 106676342A CN 201611206564 A CN201611206564 A CN 201611206564A CN 106676342 A CN106676342 A CN 106676342A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0068—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/173—Aluminium alloys, e.g. AlCuMgPb
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum-based blade material for an automobile air-condition compressor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of automobile materials and preparation. The blade material is composed of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy and Si3N4 particles. The volume fraction of the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy is 90%-100%, and the volume fraction of the Si3N4 is 0-10%. An X component in the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy is composed of one or more of Fe, Ni and Ag. The blade material is prepared through a powder metallurgy and extrusion forming method, and the method comprises the following steps of vacuum melting of an Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy billet, gas atomization powdering, ball-milling and mixing of the Si3N4 and the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X powder, cold isostatic pressing forming, billet cold pressing and package sheathing, vacuum degassing, extrusion forming and heat treatment strengthening. The aluminum-based blade material prepared through the method has the overall properties of being low in density, high in high-temperature strength, low in coefficient of linear expansion and resistant to abrasion, and the comprehensive requirements of low weight, high strength, high abrasion resistance and long service life of automobile air-condition compressor blades can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automotive material and preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade
Material and preparation method.
Background technology
Automobile air conditioner compressor is the core component of automotive air-conditioning system, and its function is to maintain cold-producing medium in system by external force
Circulation in cooling system, suction come flash-pot low temperature, the refrigerant vapour of low pressure, compression refrigerant steam make its temperature and
Pressure rise, and refrigerant vapour is sent to into condenser, during heat absorption and release, realize heat exchange.At present I
State's automobile air conditioner compressor is broadly divided into inclined disc type, vortex and Spiralism type three major types.The core of rotary-vane type air conditioning compressor
One of part is rotating vane (5-10 piece blades are configured on each compressor drum), and the rotating vane on rotor will compression
Machine cylinder is divided into some each and every one spaces (according to blade quantity), when main shaft rotor driven rotates a circle, the volume in these spaces
Constantly change, refrigerant vapour also occurs the change in volume and temperature in these spaces, so as to realize air conditioner refrigerating.
At present the blade material of automobile air conditioner compressor mainly includes iron and steel material quality blade, plastic material blade, and aluminum
Alloy material blade.Iron and steel blade is bigger than noise during great, military service and vibrations due to it, it is more difficult to meet compressor light weight
Change, the use requirement of low noise；Plastic blade then due to there are problems that intensity it is relatively low, easily aging, also limit
The use of the type blade is made.Aluminium alloy vane is then low with proportion, and intensity is high, easy plastic working, and thermal coefficient of expansion is little
(being conducive to remaining dimensionally-stable), the combination property such as little is shaken, obtained in Rotary Vane Motor Vehicle Air-Conditioning Compressor very big
Application.This kind of aluminium alloy design when, it is considered to ensure the high intensity of blade material, low thermal coefficient of expansion, at the same have compared with
Good impact resistance, often adds the alloying elements such as Cu, Mg to reach the purpose for improving blade mechanical property in fine aluminium, while
Be added into the Si of certain content, play reduce the effect of material thermal expansion coefficient, the i.e. aluminium alloy of Al-Cu-Mg-Si compositions can be
The performance requirement of blade is met to a certain extent.For example have at present and Al-Cu-Mg- (11~13) Si has been prepared using casting
It is the report of alloy vane material.However, the room temperature strength of Al-Cu-Mg- (11~13) Si systems alloy vane material is only capable of reaching
300~400MPa, thermal coefficient of expansion is 21~22 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), elevated temperature strength 200MPa or so actually should
Problems with occurs with during：1. because low strength causes blade to be easily deformed, wear and tear；2. lead because thermal coefficient of expansion is bigger than normal
Cause blade dimensions deformation, it is stuck in compressor drum groove；3. under compressor long-time high temperature (200 DEG C) working environment, by
It is low in blade elevated temperature strength, it may appear that blade softens failure conditions.In order to solve the above problems, need to develop one kind etc. at this stage
New aluminium alloy vane material, the material requirements has high room temperature strength and hardness, high elevated temperature strength, lower hot swollen
The combination properties such as swollen coefficient, rub resistance abrasion.
The present invention develops a kind of new automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium alloy vane material under above-mentioned technical background,
The material usually improves Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloys on the basis of Al-Cu-Mg-Si systems alloy by adding the unit such as Fe, Ni or Ag
High-temperature heat-resistance performance heat-resisting phases such as (formed) AlFe, AlFeNi, Ω；The Si of addition higher amount (reaching 16~25%) is dropping
The thermal coefficient of expansion of low material；Addition has excellent anti-attrition lubrication, the Si of ultrahigh hardness3N4Second Phase Particle is improving material
The intensity hardness of material, the coefficient of friction and wear extent that reduce material, increase wearability.Under above-mentioned thinking, the present invention's is new
Blade material composition is Si3N4/Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X(Fe,Ni,Ag)。
Analysis Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X (Fe, Ni, Ag) composition, and knowable to the correlation theories knowledge of bond material：
1. to ensure that blade material has higher mechanical property, the Si particle sizes in material must be tiny, it is impossible to casting side occurs
The hypereutectic Si of large scale, lath-shaped in method (16~25%Si belongs to hypereutectic Si, and the Si of casting method organizes thick).Cause
This, blade material can not adopt traditional casting method to prepare, can only be using rapid solidification (such as the fast quickly cooling of powder metallurgy aerosolization
But) it is prepared, to suppress the abnormal growth of Si granules.2. to ensure that blade material has high high-temperature behavior, for example, exist
Still there is higher elevated temperature strength under the working environment that 200 DEG C or so of compressor, must be requested that AlFe, AlFeNi in material,
The heat-resisting phase size such as Ω is tiny, it is impossible to similar cast occurs and makes heat-resisting phase appearance (isolating matrix) of the large scale occurred in method, causes
The low phenomenon of elevated temperature strength.And tiny heat-resisting phase constitution can only (such as powder metallurgy aerosolization be fast using quick setting method
Cold technique) it is prepared.3. the Si of anti-attrition invigoration effect is ensured3N4Granule is dispersed in alloy matrix aluminum, it is necessary to adopt
Rational preparation technology, such as powder metallurgical technique come realize fine particle it is dispersed (though stirring cast is made method and is also capable of achieving
Si3N4Granule disperses, but too high preparation temperature easily causes Si granules and heat-resisting phase abnormal growth in alloy, reduces mechanical property
Can).Consider above-mentioned factor, the present invention prepares new Si using powder metallurgical technique3N4/Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X(Fe,Ni,
Ag) material, obtains the Si granules with fine size and heat-resisting phase constitution, excellent room temperature and elevated temperature strength, high rigidity, low grade fever
The material of coefficient of expansion combination property, and finally realize the application on automobile air conditioner compressor blade.
The content of the invention
A kind of deficiency of the present invention for existing automobile air conditioner compressor blade material, there is provided automobile air conditioner compressor
With aluminium base blade material and preparation method, it is characterised in that the material is by Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys and Si3N4Composition, wherein,
The volume fraction of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X is 90%~100%, Si3N4Percentage by volume is 0~10%；Si granules in the material
It is not more than 5 μm with heat-resisting phase size, density of material is 2.72~2.85g/cm3, 90~98HRB of hardness, tensile strength 475~
230~300MPa of intensity when 560MPa, 1.0~3.0%, 200 DEG C of elongation percentage, coefficient of friction 0.20~0.36, wear extent 14.5
~23.6mg, thermal coefficient of expansion is 17.0~18.0 × 10-6K-1。
X constituent elements in the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys are Fe, Ni, Ag, Fe-Ni, Fe-Ag, Ni-Ag, Fe-Al, Ni-
One kind in Al.
In the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys, by weight percentage, the content of each metal ingredient is：Cu contents are 3.0
It is that 16~25%, X contents are 0~7% that~6.0%, Mg content is 0.8~1.8%, Si contents, balance of Al.
A kind of automobile air conditioner compressor preparation method of aluminium base blade material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) by Al ingots, Cu ingots, Mg ingots, Si blocks, component X is configured in proportion, and the heating in vacuum drying oven carries out melting system
Standby Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy billets；
(2) gas-atomized powder is carried out to Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys billet prepared by vacuum melting；
(3) by Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X atomized powders, Si3N4Powder is fitted in proportion in ball mill carries out mixed powder；
(4) by the Si after ball milling mixing3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, after isostatic cool pressing
Billet load metal capsule carry out vacuum degassing, then extrusion molding is carried out to the billet after vacuum degassing；
(5) fixation rates reinforcing is carried out to the blank after extruding.
Al ingots, Cu ingots, Mg ingots, Si block purity are equal described in step (1)>99.9%, X constituent element purity>99.5%；Al-Cu-
750~950 DEG C of Mg-Si-X billet vacuum meltings temperature, vacuum≤10-2Pa。
750~950 DEG C of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys billet material temperature, temperature retention time 10-15min in step (2)；Gas
Atomization 750~950 DEG C of pouring temperature, atomization protective atmosphere be nitrogen, argon or helium in one kind, gas purity >=
99.5%.
Si described in step (3)3N4The mean diameter of powder is 1.0~10 μm, purity>99.5%.
Si described in step (3)3N4One layer of Cu or Ni metallic film of powder surface-coated, the thickness of thin film be 2nm~
20nm, coating method is the one kind in plating, chemical plating, chemical vapor deposition method.
Step (4) the isostatic cool pressing pressure is 100~200MPa, and the dwell time is 10~30min, and base of colding pressing is relative to be caused
Density is 60%~80%.
Step (4) the vacuum degassing metal capsule material is the one kind in pure Al or 6061Al, jacket thickness is 2~
6mm。
Vacuum degassed temperature described in step (4) is 420~560 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 30~90min.
Extrusion billet heating-up temperature 420-520 DEG C described in step (4), 400~500 DEG C of extrusion die temperature, extrusion ratio
For 10:1~30:1.
450~520 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, 1~3h of temperature retention time described in step (5)；Water-cooled, 20~30 DEG C of water temperature；Timeliness
160~220 DEG C of temperature, 2~10h of temperature retention time.
It is an advantage of the current invention that：
By the Si for adding certain content, specified particle diameter in Al-Cu-Mg-Si3N4Granule, further enhancing aluminium alloy
Outside the intensity of matrix, the wearability of material is also improved；Add Fe, Ni, Ag element in Al-Cu-Mg-Si and form heat-resisting phase,
Improve the elevated temperature strength of material；Si contents are further increased to 16~25% degree in Al-Cu-Mg-Si, further
The thermal coefficient of expansion of material is reduced, it is stable beneficial to scantling.The new blade material of the present invention has density low and high temperature strong
Degree is high, linear expansion coefficient is low, anti abrasive combination property, disclosure satisfy that automobile air conditioner compressor blade lightweight, it is high-strength, wear-resisting,
The composite request of long life.
Conventional casting techniques are due to preparation temperature high (being higher than aluminium alloy phase line), the Si granules and heat-resisting phase (example in alloy
Such as AlFe phases) size is thick, easily isolates matrix, and material mechanical performance is poor；The preparation technology of blade of the present invention is powder smelting
Gold process, is acted on by the rapid solidification of the gases such as the nitrogen (argon, helium) during powder aerosolization, and alloy is readily available
The tiny Si granules of size and heat-resisting phase, are conducive to the raising of material mechanical performance；The powder metallurgical technique that adopts of the present invention for
Typical liquid process, sintering temperature is low, during gas-atomised powders to be prepared into billet, Si granules and heat-resisting journey of mutually growing up
Degree is less, maintains fine particle tissue, the mechanical property for maintaining material high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 5%Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe materials optical microphotograpies；
Fig. 2 is the preparation technology flow chart of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade material.
Specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade material and preparation method, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and
Embodiment is described in further detail to the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited only to this.
As shown in Fig. 2 the preparation technology of blade material of the present invention is：Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X (Fe, Ni, Ag) alloy billet
Vacuum melting, aerosol powder, Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X atomized powders and Si3N4Granule mixing, cold isostatic compaction, billet of colding pressing dress
Jacket, vacuum degassing, billet extrusion molding, fixation rates finally obtain blade material.
Embodiment 1
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is Al-4.5Cu-1.0Mg-20Si-6.0Fe (4.5,1.0,20 and 6.0 tables
The mass percent for showing Cu, Mg, Si, Fe is respectively 4.5%, 1.0%, 20%, 6.0%).
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Al-Fe intermediate alloys (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting is carried out in vacuum drying oven and prepares Al-Cu-
Mg-Si-Fe alloy billets, 850 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Circulation of qi promoting is entered to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe billets of melting
Powder by atomization, 850 DEG C of billet material temperature, 800 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, atomizing medium is nitrogen (purity>99.5%)；Will
Powder after atomization carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure 120MPa, dwell time 20min；Base after isostatic cool pressing
Ingot loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and jacket is put in well formula resistance furnace carries out vacuum degassing, outgassing temperature 550 afterwards
DEG C, vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe blanks with jacket after vacuum degassing are carried out into hot extrusion, blank adds
500 DEG C of hot temperature, 500 DEG C of extrusion die heating-up temperature, extrusion ratio 10:1；Material after extruding carries out fixation rates, Gu
510 DEG C of solubility temperature, temperature retention time 2h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds.160 DEG C of aging temp, temperature retention time 10h.
4 μm of the Al-4.5Cu-1.0Mg-20Si-6.0Fe material Si granules and heat-resisting phase full-size of gained, density of material
For 2.79g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 17.5 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), mechanical properties
480MPa, elongation percentage 3.0%, hardness 92HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 235MPa, average friction coefficient is 0.35 (coefficient of friction
Test experiments condition is friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is that 23.0mg is (wear-resisting
Property experiment condition be friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Embodiment 2
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is Al-4.6Cu-1.4Mg-22Si-6.5Ni (4.6,1.4,22 and 6.5 tables
The mass percent for showing Cu, Mg, Si, Ni is respectively 4.6%, 1.4%, 22%, 6.5%).
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Al-Ni intermediate alloys (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting is carried out in vacuum drying oven and prepares Al-Cu-
Mg-Si-Ni alloy billets, 900 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Circulation of qi promoting is entered to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ni billets of melting
Powder by atomization, 850 DEG C of billet material temperature, 780 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, atomizing medium is helium (purity>99.5%)；Will
Powder after atomization carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure 180MPa, dwell time 30min；Base after isostatic cool pressing
Ingot loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and jacket is put in well formula resistance furnace carries out vacuum degassing, outgassing temperature 450 afterwards
DEG C, vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ni blanks with jacket after vacuum degassing are carried out into hot extrusion, blank adds
450 DEG C of hot temperature, 400 DEG C of extrusion die heating-up temperature, extrusion ratio 15:1；Material after extruding carries out fixation rates, Gu
470 DEG C of solubility temperature, temperature retention time 2h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds, 160 DEG C of aging temp, temperature retention time 10h.
4.5 μm of the Si granules and heat-resisting phase full-size of the Al-4.6Cu-1.4Mg-22Si-6.5Ni materials of gained, material
Density is 2.79g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 17.3 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), mechanical properties
475MPa, elongation percentage 2.5%, hardness 90HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 230MPa, average friction coefficient is 0.36 (coefficient of friction
Test experiments condition is friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is that 23.6mg is (wear-resisting
Property experiment condition be friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Embodiment 3
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is 5vol.%Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe, i.e. Si3N4Content be
5vol.%；The composition of aluminium alloy be Al-4.5Cu-1.0Mg-20Si-6.0Fe (4.5,1.0,20 and 6.0 represent Cu, Mg, Si,
The mass percent of Fe is respectively 4.5%, 1.0%, 20%, and 6.0%), Fig. 2 is the light micrograph of the material.
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Al-Fe intermediate alloys (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting is carried out in vacuum drying oven and prepares Al-Cu-
Mg-Si-Fe alloy billets, 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Circulation of qi promoting is entered to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe billets of melting
Powder by atomization, 850 DEG C of billet material temperature, 850 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, atomizing medium is nitrogen (purity>99.5%)；Will
The 5vol.%Si that surface chemical plating Ni (plating Ni thickness degree 20nm) is processed3N4Granule and Al-4.5Cu-1.0Mg-20Si-6.0Fe
Powder carries out the mixed powder of ball milling, 100 revs/min of drum's speed of rotation, Ball-milling Time 20h, ratio of grinding media to material 2:1；By the 5vol.% after ball milling
Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure 150MPa, dwell time 20min；It is cold etc.
Billet after static pressure loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and jacket is put in well formula resistance furnace carries out vacuum degassing afterwards,
530 DEG C of outgassing temperature, vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；By the 5vol.%Si with jacket after vacuum degassing3N4/Al-Cu-Mg-
Si-Fe blanks carry out hot extrusion, 490 DEG C of blank heating temperature, 500 DEG C of extrusion die heating-up temperature, extrusion ratio 10:1；After extruding
Material carry out fixation rates, 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, temperature retention time 1.5h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds.190 DEG C of aging temp, insulation
Time 10h.
The 5vol.%Si of gained3N43.5 μm of the Si granules of/Al-4Cu-Mg-Si-Fe materials and heat-resisting phase full-size, material
Material density is 2.81g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 17.4 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), room temperature tensile is strong
Degree 535MPa, elongation percentage 1.5%, hardness 95HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 263MPa, average friction coefficient is 0.26 (friction system
Test experiments condition is counted for friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is that 18.5mg is (resistance to
Mill property experiment condition is friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Embodiment 4
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is 10vol.%Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe, i.e. Si3N4Content be
5vol.%；The composition of aluminium alloy be Al-3.5Cu-1.3Mg-17Si-6.0Fe (3.5,1.3,17 and 6.0 represent Cu, Mg, Si,
The mass percent of Fe is respectively 3.5%, 1.3%, 17%, 6.0%).
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Al-Fe intermediate alloys (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting is carried out in vacuum drying oven and prepares Al-Cu-
Mg-Si-Fe alloy billets, 800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Circulation of qi promoting is entered to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe billets of melting
Powder by atomization, 850 DEG C of billet material temperature, 850 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, atomizing medium is nitrogen (purity>99.5%)；Will
The 10vol.%Si that surface chemical plating Ni (plating Ni thickness degree 15nm) is processed3N4Granule and Al-3.5Cu-1.3Mg-17Si-6.0Fe
Powder carries out the mixed powder of ball milling, 100 revs/min of drum's speed of rotation, Ball-milling Time 20h, ratio of grinding media to material 2:1；By the 5vol.% after ball milling
Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure 150MPa, dwell time 20min；It is cold etc.
Billet after static pressure loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and jacket is put in well formula resistance furnace carries out vacuum degassing afterwards,
530 DEG C of outgassing temperature, vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；By the 5vol.%Si with jacket after vacuum degassing3N4/Al-Cu-Mg-
Si-Fe blanks carry out hot extrusion, 490 DEG C of blank heating temperature, 500 DEG C of extrusion die heating-up temperature, extrusion ratio 20:1；After extruding
Material carry out fixation rates, 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, temperature retention time 1.5h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds.190 DEG C of aging temp, insulation
Time 10h.
The 10vol.%Si of gained3N44 μm of the Si granules of/Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe materials and heat-resisting phase full-size, material
Density is 2.82g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 17.2 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), mechanical properties
555MPa, elongation percentage 1.0%, hardness 97HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 275MPa, average friction coefficient is 0.20 (coefficient of friction
Test experiments condition is friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is that 15.0mg is (wear-resisting
Property experiment condition be friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Embodiment 5
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is 10vol.%Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe-Ni, i.e. Si3N4Contain
Measure as 10vol.%；Al alloy component is Al-4.0Cu-1.5Mg-18Si-3.0Ni-3.0Fe (4.0,1.5,18 and 3.0,3.0
The mass percent for representing Cu, Mg, Si, Ni, Fe is respectively 4.0%, 1.5%, 18%, 3.0%, 3.0%).
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Al-Fe and Al-Ni intermediate alloys (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting system is carried out in vacuum drying oven
Standby Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ni-Fe alloy billets, 900 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Al-Cu-Mg-Si- to melting
Ni-Fe billets carry out gas-atomized powder, 850 DEG C of billet material temperature, 900 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, and atomizing medium is nitrogen
(purity>99.5%)；The 10vol.%Si that surface chemical plating Cu (plating Cu thickness degree 5nm) is processed3N4Granule and Al-4.0Cu-
1.5Mg-18Si-3.0Ni-3.0Fe powder carries out the mixed powder of ball milling, 100 revs/min of drum's speed of rotation, Ball-milling Time 15h, ball material
Than 5:1；By the 10vol.%Si after ball milling3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe-Ni powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure
Power 150MPa, dwell time 20min；Billet after isostatic cool pressing loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and afterwards puts jacket
Entering carries out vacuum degassing in well formula resistance furnace, 530 DEG C of outgassing temperature, and vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；By band bag after vacuum degassing
The 10vol.%Si of set3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe-Ni blanks carry out hot extrusion, 490 DEG C of blank heating temperature, and extrusion die adds
500 DEG C of hot temperature, extrusion ratio 10:1；Material after extruding carries out fixation rates, 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, temperature retention time
1.5h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds, 190 DEG C of aging temp, temperature retention time 10h.
The 10vol.%Si of gained3N4The Si granules of/Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Fe-Ni materials and the heat-resisting μ of phase full-size 4.5
M, density of material is 2.82g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 17.1 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), room temperature is drawn
Intensity 560MPa is stretched, elongation percentage 1.0%, hardness 98HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 280MPa, average friction coefficient (rubs for 0.21
Coefficient test experiments condition is wiped for friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is 14.5mg
(wearability experiment condition be friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Embodiment 6
Blade material prepared by the present embodiment is 5vol.%Si3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ag, i.e. Si3N4Content be
5vol.%；Al alloy component is that (5.0,0.8,23 and 1.0 represent Cu, Mg, Si, Ag to Al-5.0Cu-0.8Mg-23Si-1.0Ag
Mass percent be respectively 5.0%, 0.8%, 23%, 1.0%).
First by Al ingot (purity>99.9%), Cu ingots (purity>99.9%), Mg ingots (purity>99.9%), Si blocks (purity
>99.9%), Ag ingots (impurity<0.5%) configured in proportion, melting is carried out in vacuum drying oven and prepares Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ag
Alloy billet, 900 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum<10-2Pa；Gas-atomized powder is carried out to the Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ag billets of melting,
860 DEG C of billet material temperature, 900 DEG C of aerosolization pouring temperature, atomizing medium is argon (purity>99.5%)；By surface chemistry
The 5vol.%Si that plating Cu (plating Cu thickness degree 15nm) is processed3N4Granule is carried out with Al-5.0Cu-0.8Mg-23Si-1.0Ag powder
Ball milling mixes powder, 100 revs/min of drum's speed of rotation, Ball-milling Time 30h, ratio of grinding media to material 5:1；By the 5vol.%Si after ball milling3N4/Al-
Cu-Mg-Si-Ag powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, isostatic cool pressing pressure 150MPa, dwell time 20min；After isostatic cool pressing
Billet loads 6061Al jackets and is welded, and jacket is put in well formula resistance furnace carries out vacuum degassing, outgassing temperature afterwards
530 DEG C, vacuum is less than 1 × 10-2Pa；By the 5vol.%Si with jacket after vacuum degassing3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ag blanks
Carry out hot extrusion, 450 DEG C of blank heating temperature, 400 DEG C of extrusion die heating-up temperature, extrusion ratio 15:1；Material after extruding enters
Row fixation rates, 470 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, temperature retention time 2h, 25 DEG C of water-cooleds.180 DEG C of aging temp, temperature retention time 10h.
The 5vol.%Si of gained3N44.5 μm of the Si granules of/Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ag materials and heat-resisting phase full-size, material
Material density is 2.72g/cm3, consistency close 100%, thermal coefficient of expansion 18.0 × 10-6K-1(25~200 DEG C), room temperature tensile is strong
Degree 539MPa, elongation percentage 1.5%, hardness 94HRB, 200 DEG C of tensile strengths 300MPa, average friction coefficient is 0.27 (friction system
Test experiments condition is counted for friction pair GCr12, additional load 100N, 250 revs/min of rotating speed), wear extent is that 19.1mg is (resistance to
Mill property experiment condition is friction pair GCr12, additional load 600N, 60 revs/min of rotating speed, testing time 20min).
Claims (13)
1. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade material, it is characterised in that the material by Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys and
Si3N4Composition, wherein, the volume fraction of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X is 90%~100%, Si3N4Percentage by volume is 0~10%；
Si granules and heat-resisting phase size are not more than 5 μm in the material, and density of material is 2.72~2.85g/cm3, hardness 90~
230~300MPa of intensity when 98HRB, 475~560MPa of tensile strength, 1.0~3.0%, 200 DEG C of elongation percentage, coefficient of friction
0.20~0.36,14.5~23.6mg of wear extent, thermal coefficient of expansion is 17.0~18.0 × 10-6K-1。
2. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Al-Cu-
X constituent elements in Mg-Si-X alloys are the one kind in Fe, Ni, Ag, Fe-Ni, Fe-Ag, Ni-Ag, Fe-Al, Ni-Al.
3. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor aluminium base blade material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Al-Cu-
In Mg-Si-X alloys, by weight percentage, the content of each metal ingredient is：Cu contents are for 3.0~6.0%, Mg contents
It is 0~7% that 0.8~1.8%, Si content is 16~25%, X contents, balance of Al.
4. the preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material of the automobile air conditioner compressor described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
(1) by Al ingots, Cu ingots, Mg ingots, Si blocks, component X is configured in proportion, and the heating in vacuum drying oven carries out melting preparation
Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloy billets；
(2) gas-atomized powder is carried out to Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys billet prepared by vacuum melting；
(3) by Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X atomized powders, Si3N4Powder is fitted in proportion in ball mill carries out mixed powder；
(4) by the Si after ball milling mixing3N4/ Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X powder carries out cold isostatic compaction, by the base after isostatic cool pressing
Ingot loads metal capsule carries out vacuum degassing, then carries out extrusion molding to the billet after vacuum degassing；
(5) fixation rates reinforcing is carried out to the blank after extruding.
5. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is that Al ingots, Cu ingots, Mg ingots, Si block purity are equal described in step (1)>99.9%, X constituent element purity>99.5%；Al-Cu-Mg-
750~950 DEG C of Si-X billet vacuum meltings temperature, vacuum≤10-2Pa。
6. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is, 750~950 DEG C of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-X alloys billet material temperature, temperature retention time 10-15min in step (2)；Aerosolization
750~950 DEG C of pouring temperature, atomization protective atmosphere is the one kind in nitrogen, argon or helium, gas purity >=99.5%.
7. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is, the Si described in step (3)3N4The mean diameter of powder is 1.0~10 μm, purity>99.5%.
8. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is, the Si described in step (3)3N4One layer of Cu or Ni metallic film of powder surface-coated, the thickness of thin film is 2nm~20nm.
9. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is that step (4) the isostatic cool pressing pressure is 100~200MPa, the dwell time is 10~30min, and base of colding pressing is relatively compact
Spend for 60%~80%.
10. a kind of automobile air conditioner compressor according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is that step (4) the vacuum degassing metal capsule material is the one kind in pure Al or 6061Al, jacket thickness is 2~
6mm。
A kind of 11. automobile air conditioner compressors according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is that the vacuum degassed temperature described in step (4) is 420~560 DEG C, temperature retention time is 30~90min.
A kind of 12. automobile air conditioner compressors according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is, extrusion billet heating-up temperature 420-520 DEG C described in step (4), 400~500 DEG C of extrusion die temperature that extrusion ratio is
10:1~30:1.
A kind of 13. automobile air conditioner compressors according to claim 4 preparation method of aluminium alloy vane material, its feature
It is, 450~520 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, 1~3h of temperature retention time described in step (5)；Water-cooled, 20~30 DEG C of water temperature；Aging temp
160~220 DEG C, 2~10h of temperature retention time.
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| CN108193091A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-22 | 三联泵业股份有限公司 | A kind of powder metallurgy water pump vane |
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