CN106675063A - 一种木质纤维素‑丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种木质纤维素‑丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木质纤维素‑丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,其特征在于,以水稻秸秆、硫酸盐木浆、羧基改性硅油、明胶、纳米蒙脱土、乳化剂OP‑10、液体石蜡、松香、聚丙烯酸、磷酸三聚氰胺、硼酸、水滑石、松油、木质纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯、丙烯酸、过硫酸铵、N,N,‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺等为原料。本发明向水稻秸秆中加入硫酸盐木浆分丝帚化,加入羧基改性硅油进行增强改性处理;纳米蒙脱土改性处理显著提高了板材的力学性能和尺寸稳定性;采用单凝聚法制备微胶囊防水剂;制备了磷酸三聚氰胺‑聚丙烯盐‑硼酸盐阻燃剂,与水滑石协同作用,阻燃效果更佳;得到一种木质纤维素‑丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物质板材的制备方法,具体涉及一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是水稻生产大国,水稻秸秆资源丰富,可以用其制作生物质板材,缓解木材供应的压力,代替部分木制品和塑料制品,同时减少了塑料对环境的污染,也使水稻秸秆资源得到了更有效的利用。
张瑾在其研究生学位论文《利用水稻秸秆制作可完全降解的生物质板材》中,以水稻秸秆为原料,阐述了一种可完全降解的环境友好型材料-生物质板材的制作方法,采用纯物理方法,经过切碎、浸泡、磨解、热压成型等工艺之后,制成了具有一定强度的生物质板材。在制板材的过程中无任何化学试剂的添加,节约了成本,且废弃后可完全降解被土壤吸收,作为肥料再次利用,不会造成任何环境污染。但是板材存在性能不足。
本发明向水稻秸秆中加入硫酸盐木浆分丝帚化,加入增强剂羧基改性硅油进行增强改性处理,加入发泡剂松油;松香粉末作为填充剂有助于板材的压制,保证了板材的致密度,高温熔化可作为胶黏剂,不溶于水,加入可提高板材的耐水性;纳米蒙脱土改性处理可显著提高板材的力学性能和尺寸稳定性,蒙脱土与生物质混合过程中,发生交联反应,增加了互相作用;以乳化的液体石蜡为芯材,以充分溶解的明胶为壁材,加入促凝剂乙醇,采用单凝聚法制备微胶囊防水剂;制备了磷酸三聚氰胺-聚丙烯盐-硼酸盐阻燃剂,与水滑石协同作用,阻燃效果更佳;得到一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,依照该工艺制备的生物质板材力学性能好、防水性好、阻燃性强。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现:
水稻秸秆40-47,硫酸盐木浆3-5,羧基改性硅油2-4,明胶4-7,纳米蒙脱土5-8,乳化剂OP-10 1-3,液体石蜡2-5,松香2-4,聚丙烯酸3-5,磷酸三聚氰胺2-4,硼酸3-5,水滑石4-7,松油1-3,木质纤维素2-4,单硬脂酸甘油酯1-3,丙烯酸2-3,过硫酸铵0.1-0.2,N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.1-0.3,乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,其特征在于,按以下步骤进行:
a. 将水稻秸秆晒干后用粉碎机剪为10-20mm的碎片,室温下用水浸泡2-4d,
机械磨解成纤维长度1-5mm,加入硫酸盐木浆,混合均匀,注入打浆机,分丝帚化使叩解度在25-350SR,缓慢搅拌加入羧基改性硅油,调pH为4-5;
b. 将明胶、纳米蒙脱土与蒸馏水混合,40-50℃水浴,搅拌溶解得A液;将
乳化剂OP-10、液体石蜡与松香混合,搅拌乳化1-2h得B液;将A、B液混合,搅拌均匀,加入乙醇,继续搅拌1-2h,调溶液pH为8-9,冰水浴中固化1-2h,经真空烘干、粉碎得微胶囊粉末;
c. 向聚丙烯酸中1:3-5加入蒸馏水,加热至70-90℃,搅拌下加入磷酸三聚氰胺、硼酸,超声分散,反应3-4h,冷却、抽滤,水洗3-5次,于80-90℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,再与水滑石混合研磨,得复合阻燃剂;
d.将木质纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯和蒸馏水混合,室温下通N2搅拌10-30min得A液;将丙烯酸溶于蒸馏水中,加入过硫酸铵、N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后加入A液中,升温至70-80℃保持2-4h,将产物置于烘箱中,70-90℃烘至恒重,粉碎,过200-400目网筛,备用;
e.将a、b、c、d所得物料混合,加入松油,搅拌1-2h,得均匀浆料,填充在模具中,用热压机在2-8MPa、110-160℃压缩2-4h成型,即得到一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
本发明的反应机理如下:
(1)向水稻秸秆中通过加入硫酸盐木浆分丝帚化,加入增强剂羧基改性硅油进行增强改性处理,加入发泡剂松油,制得一种蒙脱土改性的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
(2)松香粉末作为填充剂有助于板材的压制,保证了板材的致密度;松香高温熔化可作为胶黏剂;松香具有不溶于水的特性,加入可提高板材的耐水性;松香分子具有双键和羧基活性基团,可作为单体参与高温聚合,形成牢固的化学键,整个过程环保,低能耗,且制得的板材力学性能良好、耐水型优异。
纳米蒙脱土改性处理可显著提高板材的力学性能和尺寸稳定性,蒙脱土与生物质混合过程中,发生交联反应,增加了互相作用,处理后的蒙脱土-生物质复合板材的吸水性能降低,其尺寸稳定性得到了提高。
以乳化的液体石蜡为芯材,以充分溶解的明胶为壁材,加入促凝剂乙醇,采用单凝聚法制备微胶囊防水剂。
(3)制备了磷酸三聚氰胺-聚丙烯盐-硼酸盐阻燃剂,与水滑石协同作用,阻燃效果更佳;磷酸三聚氰胺分子中含磷、氮,不含卤,可发生P- N协同效应,阻燃效率高,热稳定性好;硼是一种环保型原料,硼-磷-氮之间存在阻燃协同效应;水滑石受热时失去层间水、碳酸根及羟基,大量吸热,起到阻燃作用,能吸收酸性气体和烟雾,起到抑烟、消烟的作用。
(4)以原位插层共聚法合成木质纤维素接枝丙烯酸/蒙脱土三维网络水凝胶,以单硬脂酸甘油酯为分散剂、以过硫酸铵为引发剂、以N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,提高了生物质板材的综合性能。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,由下述重量份(g)的原料制得:
水稻秸秆47,硫酸盐木浆5,羧基改性硅油4,明胶4,纳米蒙脱土5,乳化剂OP-10 1,液体石蜡5,松香4,聚丙烯酸5,磷酸三聚氰胺4,硼酸5,水滑石4,松油1,木质纤维素2,单硬脂酸甘油酯1,丙烯酸3,过硫酸铵0.1,N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.1,乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,其特征在于,按以下步骤进行:
a. 将水稻秸秆晒干后用粉碎机剪为10-20mm的碎片,室温下用水浸泡2d,
机械磨解成纤维长度1-5mm,加入硫酸盐木浆,混合均匀,注入打浆机,分丝帚化使叩解度在25-350SR,缓慢搅拌加入羧基改性硅油,调pH为4-5;
b. 将明胶、纳米蒙脱土与蒸馏水混合,40-50℃水浴,搅拌溶解得A液;乳
化剂OP-10、液体石蜡与松香混合,搅拌乳化1h得B液;将A、B液混合,搅拌均匀,加入乙醇,继续搅拌1h,调溶液pH为8-9,冰水浴中固化1h,经真空烘干、粉碎得微胶囊粉末;
c. 向聚丙烯酸中1:3加入蒸馏水,加热至70-80℃,搅拌下加入磷酸三聚氰胺、硼酸,超声分散,反应3h,冷却、抽滤,水洗3次,于80-90℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,再与水滑石混合研磨,得复合阻燃剂;
d.将木质纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯和蒸馏水混合,室温下通N2搅拌10-30min得A液;将丙烯酸溶于蒸馏水中,加入过硫酸铵、N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后加入A液中,升温至70-80℃保持2-4h,将产物置于烘箱中,70-90℃烘至恒重,粉碎,过200-400目网筛,备用;
e.将a、b、c、d所得物料混合,加入松油,搅拌1-2h,得均匀浆料,填充在模具中,用热压机在2-8MPa、110-160℃压缩2-4h成型,即得到一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
上述实施例制备的一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材性能检测结果如下所示:
静曲强度≥ 21.8MPa,弹性模量≥ 2015MPa,内结合强度≥ 0.54 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率≤ 7.2%,含水率4.3-8.3%,极限氧指数为31%,阻燃等级可达UL 94V-0级,环保等级达到E1级。
Claims (2)
1.一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,其特征在于,由下述重量份的原料制得:
水稻秸秆40-47,硫酸盐木浆3-5,羧基改性硅油2-4,明胶4-7,纳米蒙脱土5-8,乳化剂OP-10 1-3,液体石蜡2-5,松香2-4,聚丙烯酸3-5,磷酸三聚氰胺2-4,硼酸3-5,水滑石4-7,松油1-3,木质纤维素2-4,单硬脂酸甘油酯1-3,丙烯酸2-3,过硫酸铵0.1-0.2,N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.1-0.3,乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的防水阻燃型生物质板材及其制备方法,其特征在于,按以下步骤进行:
a.将水稻秸秆晒干后用粉碎机剪为10-20mm的碎片,室温下用水浸泡2-4d,机械磨解成纤维长度1-5mm,加入硫酸盐木浆,混合均匀,注入打浆机,分丝帚化使叩解度在25-350SR,缓慢搅拌加入羧基改性硅油,调pH为4-5;
b.将明胶、纳米蒙脱土与蒸馏水混合,40-50℃水浴,搅拌溶解得A液;将乳化剂OP-10、液体石蜡与松香混合,搅拌乳化1-2h得B液;将A、B液混合,搅拌均匀,加入乙醇,继续搅拌1-2h,调溶液pH为8-9,冰水浴中固化1-2h,经真空烘干、粉碎得微胶囊粉末;
c. 向聚丙烯酸中1:3-5加入蒸馏水,加热至70-90℃,搅拌下加入磷酸三聚氰胺、硼酸,超声分散,反应3-4h,冷却、抽滤,水洗3-5次,于80-90℃烘箱中干燥至恒重,再与水滑石混合研磨,得复合阻燃剂;
d. 将木质纤维素、单硬脂酸甘油酯和蒸馏水混合,室温下通N2搅拌10-30min得A液;将丙烯酸溶于蒸馏水中,加入过硫酸铵、N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、蒙脱土,搅拌均匀后加入A液中,升温至70-80℃保持2-4h,将产物置于烘箱中,70-90℃烘至恒重,粉碎,过200-400目网筛,备用;
e.将a、b、c、d所得物料混合,加入松油,搅拌1-2h,得均匀浆料,填充在模具中,用热压机在2-8MPa、110-160℃压缩2-4h成型,即得到一种木质纤维素-丙烯酸增强的的防水阻燃型生物质板材。
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