CN106603130B - Digital-analog hybrid precoding method in large-scale MIMO system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital-analog mixed precoding method in a large-scale MIMO system, which comprises the following steps: the transmitting terminal calculates an ideal precoding matrix; the transmitting end respectively calculates the precoding matrixes of the analog domain and the digital domain; the transmitting end carries out precoding on the transmitted signals; the receiving end calculates an ideal merging matrix; the receiving end respectively calculates the merging matrix of the analog domain and the digital domain; the receiving end combines the received signals. The digital-analog mixed precoding method provided by the invention solves the problem of overhigh complexity of realizing a digital-analog mixed domain precoding scheme in a large-scale MIMO system, can obtain higher frequency spectrum efficiency, and has certain innovativeness and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a digital-analog mixed precoding method in a large-scale MIMO system.
Background
Currently, the MIMO technology has been widely applied in various mobile communication standards, such as HSDPA of UMTS system, WiMAX in L TE/L TE-A, IEEE 802.16e/m in 3GPP, and W L AN/WI-F in IEEE 802.11n/ac/ah, in these systems, the antenna scale of both ends of transceiving is small, i.e. the number of antennas of a base station or AN access point is not more than 8 at most, and the number of user antennas is not more than 4 at most.
The technical scheme is that a 5 th generation (5G) mobile communication system aims to provide a data transmission rate of Gbit/s for users, and the implementation of the target is very difficult due to the limitation of authorized spectrum resources of the existing mobile communication, so research on application of an unlicensed frequency band in future mobile communication becomes a key point of research of international and foreign scholars, millimeter waves have relatively short wavelengths, physical sizes of antenna arrays are greatly reduced, and therefore a large-scale antenna can be installed at a base station end, so that a millimeter wave system and a large-scale MIMO technology can be perfectly combined, as an effective technology for effectively improving data rates of the future 5G system and relieving pressure of spectrum resources, research on a millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system and a related key technology becomes a hot research subject of the current mobile communication field, in the large-scale MIMO system, under the limitation of factors such as Energy consumption and cost, a reasonable precoding scheme is important to design mainly in a baseband, and a precoding scheme is pre-processed by adopting a full-digital precoder, so that the complexity of interference and receiver processing is reduced, and complexity of the receiver processing is reduced, and the system is not influenced by the overall precoding system design of MIMO.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a digital-analog hybrid precoding method in a large-scale MIMO system, and aim to solve the problem that the complexity of implementing the digital-analog hybrid precoding scheme based on the shared antenna design is relatively high.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a digital-analog hybrid precoding method in a large-scale MIMO system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a transmitting terminal calculates an ideal precoding matrix Fopt;
Step two, the transmitting end respectively calculates the precoding matrix F of the analog domainRFAnd a precoding matrix F in the digital domainBB;
Step three, the transmitting terminal utilizes FRFAnd FBBPrecoding a transmission signal;
step four, the receiving end calculates an ideal merging matrix Wopt;
Step five, the receiving end respectively calculates the merging matrix W of the analog domainRFAnd a merging matrix W in the digital domainBB;
Step six, the receiving end utilizes WRFAnd WBBThe received signals are combined.
Further, the first step specifically includes:
firstly, a transmitting end estimates an MIMO channel according to a feedback signal of a receiving end to obtain the estimation of an MIMO channel matrix
Second, the transmitting end pairs channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma1Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ1=diag(λ1,λ2,…,λ r0, …,0), where λ1,λ2,…,λrIs composed ofAnd satisfies lambda1>λ2>…>λrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U1And V1Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix;
thirdly, taking the matrix V in the second step1Leftmost NSPrecoding matrix F with ideal columnsopt。
Further, the second step specifically includes:
firstly, a transmitting end initializes a precoding matrix of an analog domain to FRF=Fopt/||FoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix, the total iteration frequency is set to be K, and the value K of the iteration counter is initialized to be 0;
second, the transmitting end pair FoptFRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. FoptFRF=U2Σ2(V2)*Wherein F isoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step one, FRFThe precoding matrix of the analog domain obtained in the last step; then, the transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the digital domain as FBB=V2U2;
Thirdly, the transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the analog domain as FRF=(Fopt(FBB)*)/||Fopt(FBB)*I, |, wherein FoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step one, FBBThe precoding matrix of the digital domain obtained in the last step; then, the transmitting end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k equals to k + 1;
fourthly, the transmitting end judges whether the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, if the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, the second step is finished; otherwise, jumping to the second step.
Further, using F obtained in step twoRFAnd FBBThe transmitting end carries out precoding on the transmitting signal, and the transmitting signal of the transmitting end isWherein, PTIs the transmitting power of the transmitting end, s is NSColumn vector of dimension and representing N of the transmit-side precoderSThe lanes input data in parallel.
Further, the fourth step specifically includes:
firstly, the receiving end estimates the MIMO channel according to the training signal sent by the transmitting end to obtain the estimation of the MIMO channel matrix
Second, the receiving end pairs channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma3Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ3=diag(η1,η2,…,ηr0, …,0), wherein, η1,η2,…,ηrIs composed ofAnd satisfies η1>η2>…>ηrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U3And V3Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix;
thirdly, taking the matrix U in the second step3Leftmost NSPrecoding matrix W with ideal columnsopt。
Further, the fifth step specifically includes:
firstly, the receiving end initializes the merging matrix of the analog domain to WRF=Wopt/||WoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix, the total iteration frequency is set to be K, and the value K of the iteration counter is initialized to be 0;
second, receiving port pair WoptWRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. WoptWRF=U4Σ4(V4)*Wherein W isoptFor the ideal merged matrix obtained in step four, WRFMerging matrixes of the analog domains obtained in the previous step; then, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the digital domain as WBB=V4U4;
Thirdly, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the analog domain as WRF=(Wopt(WBB)*)/||Wopt(WBB)*L, wherein WoptFor the ideal merged matrix obtained in step four, WBBMerging the digital domains obtained in the previous step; then, the receiving end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k is k + 1;
fourthly, the receiving end judges whether the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, if the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, the fifth step is finished; otherwise, jumping to the second step.
Further, the receiving end utilizes the W obtained in the step fiveRFAnd WBBThe received signals are combined, and the combined output signal is y ═ WBB)*(WRF)*Hx, wherein y is NSColumn vector of dimension and represents N after receiving end mergingSThe paths output data in parallel, x is the sending signal of the sending end, H represents the actual MIMO channel between the sending end and the receiving end, ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the digital-analog mixed precoding method provided by the invention solves the problem of overhigh complexity of realizing a digital-analog mixed domain precoding scheme in a large-scale MIMO system, can obtain higher frequency spectrum efficiency, and has certain innovativeness and practicability.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a digital-analog hybrid precoding method in a massive MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a model diagram of a digital-analog hybrid precoding method in a massive MIMO system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of implementation of embodiment 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of implementing step 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of implementing step 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of frequency spectrum efficiency curves of a large-scale MIMO system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where the large-scale MIMO system respectively uses the digital-analog hybrid precoding method proposed in the present invention and the existing digital-analog hybrid precoding method.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the digital-analog hybrid precoding scheme in the massive MIMO system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: the transmitting terminal calculates an ideal precoding matrix;
s102: the transmitting end respectively calculates the precoding matrixes of the analog domain and the digital domain;
s103: the transmitting end carries out precoding on the transmitted signals;
s104: the receiving end calculates an ideal merging matrix;
s105: the receiving end respectively calculates the merging matrix of the analog domain and the digital domain;
s106: and the receiving end combines the received signals.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the model of the digital-analog hybrid precoding scheme in the massive MIMO system adopted by the embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2, wherein a transmitting end is provided with NTA transmitting antenna, NSA radio frequency link, and a receiving end is provided with NRA transmitting antenna, NSThe wireless link between the transceiver can be represented by × NRNTThe channel matrix H of the dimension.
As shown in fig. 3, the implementation steps of the embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
1a) the transmitting end estimates the MIMO channel according to the feedback signal of the receiving end to obtain the estimation of the MIMO channel matrixSpecific estimation methods can be found in H.jin, D.Gesbert, M.Filipou, and Y. L iu, "A coordinated assessment to channel assessment in large-scale multiple-antipna systems," IEEEJ.Sel.areas Commun, vol.31, No.2, pp.264-273, Feb.2013, etc.;
1b) transmitting end to channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma1Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ1=diag(λ1,λ2,…,λ r0, …,0), where λ1,λ2,…,λrIs composed ofAnd satisfies lambda1>λ2>…>λrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U1And V1Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
1c) Taking the matrix V in the step 1b)1Leftmost NSPrecoding matrix F with ideal columnsopt。
2a) the transmitting end initializes the precoding matrix of the analog domain to FRF=Fopt/||FoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix, the total iteration frequency is set to be K, and the value K of the iteration counter is initialized to be 0;
2b) transmitting terminal pair FoptFRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. FoptFRF=U2Σ2(V2)*Wherein F isoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step 1, FRFA precoding matrix of the analog domain obtained in the step 2 a); then, the transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the digital domain as FBB=V2U2;
2c) The transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the analog domain as FRF=(Fopt(FBB)*)/||Fopt(FBB)*I, |, wherein FoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step 1, FBBA pre-coding matrix of the digital domain obtained in the step 2 b); then, the transmitting end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k equals to k + 1;
2d) the transmitting end judges whether the current value K of the iteration counter is equal to K. If K is K, then step 2 ends; otherwise, jump to step 2 b).
Step 3, utilizing F obtained in step 2RFAnd FBBAnd the transmitting end carries out precoding on the transmitted signals. The transmitting end sends signals ofWherein, PTIs the transmitting power of the transmitting end, s is NSColumn vector of dimension and representing N of the transmit-side precoderSThe lanes input data in parallel.
4a) the receiving end estimates the MIMO channel according to the training signal sent by the transmitting end to obtain the estimation of the MIMO channel matrixSpecific estimation methods can be found in H.jin, D.Gesbert, M.Filipou, and Y. L iu, "Acoordled assessment to channel estimation in large-scale multiple-antenna systems," IEEE J.Sel.areas Commun, vol.31, No.2, pp.264-273, Feb.2013, etc.;
4b) receiving end pair channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma3Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ3=diag(η1,η2,…,η r0, …,0), wherein, η1,η2,…,ηrIs composed ofAnd satisfies η1>η2>…>ηrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U3And V3Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
4c) Taking the matrix U in the step 4b)3Leftmost NSPrecoding matrix W with ideal columnsopt。
Step 5, referring to the flowchart shown in fig. 5, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix W of the analog domain by the following iteration methodRFAnd a merging matrix W in the digital domainBBThe method comprises the following specific steps:
5a) the receiving end initializes the merging matrix of the analog domain to WRF=Wopt/||WoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix, the total iteration frequency is set to be K, and the value K of the iteration counter is initialized to be 0;
5b) receiving port pair WoptWRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. WoptWRF=U4Σ4(V4)*Wherein W isoptFor the ideal combined matrix, W, obtained in step 4RFMerging the matrix of the analog domain obtained in the step 5 a); then, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the digital domain as WBB=V4U4;
5c) The receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the analog domain as WRF=(Wopt(WBB)*)/||Wopt(WBB)*L, wherein WoptFor the ideal combined matrix, W, obtained in step 4BBA merging matrix of the digital domain obtained in the step 5 b); then, the receiving end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k is k + 1;
5d) the receiving end judges whether the current value K of the iteration counter is equal to K. If K is K, then step 5 ends; otherwise, jump to step 5 b).
The application effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the simulation.
1) Simulation conditions are as follows:
suppose that in the massive MIMO system adopted by the invention, the number of the antennas configured at the transmitting end and the receiving end is equal and is 128, namely Nt=Nr128, the number of parallel data streams between the two transmitting and receiving ends takes the following two values: n is a radical ofS2 and N S4. The channel model may refer to a millimeter wave MIMO channel model adopted by the existing precoding scheme, and the specific references are as follows: el Ayach, s.rajagopal, s.abu-Surra, z.pi, and r.w.heat, jr., "spatialspray coding MIMO systems," IEEE trans.wireless commu., vol.13, No.3, pp.1499-1513, mar.2014. In the above channel model, the number of scattering clusters is assumed to be NclNumber of transmission paths is N equal to 3ray18. In addition, assume that the noise at the receiving end is additive white gaussian noise, the mean is zero, and the variance is N0. The abscissa in the simulation results is the signal-to-noise ratio, defined as 10log10(PT/N0) In which P isTRepresenting the transmit power of the transmitting end.
2) Simulation content and results:
for a large-scale MIMO system adopting the precoding scheme proposed by the present invention, the spectral efficiency of the system is simulated by using a computer, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the present inventionThe proposed precoding scheme can achieve higher spectral efficiency than the existing precoding scheme, and the number N of parallel data streams between transceiving is increasedSThe performance advantage of the precoding scheme proposed by the present invention is more obvious. In addition, the complexity analysis is realized by the algorithm, and the realization complexity of the existing precoding scheme isThe complexity of the precoding scheme proposed by the present invention isWherein N isSFor the number of parallel data streams between transceiving, and NTAnd NRThe number of antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end is respectively. Therefore, it can be seen from the above comparison that the precoding scheme proposed by the present invention can obtain higher spectral efficiency and lower implementation complexity than the existing precoding scheme.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A digital-analog mixed precoding method in a large-scale MIMO system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a transmitting terminal calculates an ideal precoding matrix Fopt;
Step two, the transmitting end respectively calculates the precoding matrix F of the analog domainRFAnd a precoding matrix F in the digital domainBB;
Step three, the transmitting terminal utilizes FRFAnd FBBPrecoding a transmission signal;
step four, the receiving end calculates an ideal merging matrix Wopt;
Step five, the receiving end respectively calculates the merging matrix W of the analog domainRFAnd a merging matrix W in the digital domainBB;
Step six, the receiving end utilizes WRFAnd WBBCombining the received signals;
the first step specifically comprises:
firstly, a transmitting end estimates an MIMO channel according to a feedback signal of a receiving end to obtain the estimation of an MIMO channel matrix
Second, the transmitting end pairs channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma1Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ1=diag(λ1,λ2,…,λr0, …,0), where λ1,λ2,…,λrIs composed ofAnd satisfies lambda1>λ2>…>λrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U1And V1Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix;
thirdly, taking the matrix V in the second step1Leftmost NSPrecoding matrix F with ideal columnsopt。
2. The digital-analog hybrid precoding method in the massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises:
firstly, a transmitting end initializes a precoding matrix of an analog domain to FRF=Fopt/||FoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix; setting the total iteration number as K, and initializing the value K of an iteration counter to 0;
second, the transmitting end pair FoptFRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. FoptFRF=U2Σ2(V2)*Wherein F isoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step one, FRFThe precoding matrix of the analog domain obtained in the last step; then, the transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the digital domain as FBB=V2U2;
Thirdly, the transmitting end calculates the precoding matrix of the analog domain as FRF=(Fopt(FBB)*)/||Fopt(FBB)*I, |, wherein FoptFor the ideal precoding matrix obtained in step one, FBBThe precoding matrix of the digital domain obtained in the last step; then, the transmitting end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k equals to k + 1;
fourthly, the transmitting end judges whether the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, if the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, the second step is finished; otherwise, jumping to the second step.
3. The digital-to-analog hybrid precoding method in massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 1, wherein F obtained in step two is usedRFAnd FBBThe transmitting end carries out precoding on the transmitting signal, and the transmitting signal of the transmitting end isWherein, PTIs the transmitting power of the transmitting end, s is NSColumn vector of dimension and representing N of the transmit-side precoderSParallel transmissionAnd inputting data.
4. The digital-analog hybrid precoding method in the massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fourth step specifically comprises:
firstly, the receiving end estimates the MIMO channel according to the training signal sent by the transmitting end to obtain the estimation of the MIMO channel matrix
Second, the receiving end pairs channel matrixPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e.Wherein, sigma3Is NR×NTDiagonal matrix of dimensions and can be expressed as Σ3=diag(η1,η2,…,ηr0, …,0), wherein, η1,η2,…,ηrIs composed ofAnd satisfies η1>η2>…>ηrAnd isWherein diag () represents a diagonal matrix, and rank () represents the rank of the matrix; and U3And V3Are each NR×NRAnd NT×NTUnitary matrix of dimension ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix;
thirdly, taking the matrix U in the second step3Leftmost NSMerged matrix W with columns as idealsopt。
5. The digital-analog hybrid precoding method in the massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step five specifically includes:
firstly, the receiving end initializes the merging matrix of the analog domain to WRF=Wopt/||WoptL, wherein l represents the F norm of the matrix; setting the total iteration number as K, and initializing the value K of an iteration counter to 0;
second, receiving port pair WoptWRFPerforming singular value decomposition, i.e. WoptWRF=U4Σ4(V4)*Wherein W isoptFor the ideal merged matrix obtained in step four, WRFMerging matrix of the analog domain obtained in the last step; then, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the digital domain as WBB=V4U4;
Thirdly, the receiving end calculates the merging matrix of the analog domain as WRF=(Wopt(WBB)*)/||Wopt(WBB)*L, wherein WoptFor the ideal merged matrix obtained in step four, WBBMerging the digital domains obtained in the previous step; then, the receiving end adds 1 to the value k of the iteration counter, namely k is k + 1;
fourthly, the receiving end judges whether the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, if the current value K of the iterative counter is equal to K, the fifth step is finished; otherwise, jumping to the second step.
6. The digital-analog hybrid precoding method in massive MIMO system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving end utilizes W obtained in step fiveRFAnd WBBThe received signals are combined, and the combined output signal is y ═ WBB)*(WRF)*Hx, wherein y is NSColumn vector of dimension and represents N after receiving end mergingSThe paths output data in parallel, x is the sending signal of the sending end, H represents the actual MIMO channel matrix between the sending end and the receiving end, ()*Representing the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
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CN103748850A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-04-23 | 三星电子株式会社 | Method and apparatus for mixed analog/digital beamforming |
CN106233685A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-12-14 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | Method for the hybrid analog-digital simulation digital precode of extensive mimo system |
CN104486044A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | Broadband module mixing pretreatment method for large-scale MIMO system |
CN106033986A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-19 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Large-scale digital and analog hybrid antenna and channel state information feedback method and device |
CN106160809A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-11-23 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | The mixing method for precoding of multi-user multi-aerial system and device thereof |
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